Ma’am, could you please tell us a little about your background and what led you to pursue a career in law?
I’m a law graduate from Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, and thereafter I’ve done my masters from Queen Mary, University of London. I’m also an advocate on record at the Supreme Court of India. The areas of my expertise include civil and commercial law, property law, writ litigation, and advisory. I represent clients and appear before the Supreme Court of India, the High Court of Delhi, and District Courts. I had a fair idea that I wanted to pursue law as a profession since my school days, and that developed further after my graduation.
You’ve worked for various organizations as a panel advocate. Could you walk us through what you learned from each experience and how it has contributed to your overall growth as a lawyer?
My work as an advocate and my engagement as a panel advocate of government bodies have made me appreciate the importance of the complex interaction of centre, state, and local law. I decided to pursue law because I believe that the law is a critical tool for addressing problems facing our national and immediate environments and for securing a high quality of life for the citizens of society. The work undertaken by me as a panel advocate helped me build on my background, skills, and knowledge, which propelled my growth in the legal profession.
In my previous experience as a panel advocate, I have learned and grown due to the complexity of litigation involved in such assignments and the responsibility of representing government agencies. I would like to believe that working directly with government entities in the legal system has given me opportunities to see how the law affects real people and how it works in real time.
Could you share with us some of the most challenging cases you’ve handled in your career so far, and how you approached them?
The most challenging cases that stand out distinctively in my mind would be a batch of review petitions for enhancement of compensation in a land acquisition matter in the Supreme Court early on in my career. This was my first independent appearance and an opportunity to argue a case before the Supreme Court. This case gave me the confidence to draft and plead a case from its inception to its rightful conclusion. These are rare opportunities for a young lawyer, and I would like to thank my senior, Sh. S. K. Pabbi, for the same.
You’ve also been involved in legal aid and pro bono work. Could you tell us a little bit about your experience in this area and why it’s important to you?
I’ve worked as a panel advocate with the Delhi State Legal Services Authority for three years. This has allowed me to observe the workings of our justice delivery system and has allowed me to contribute my small bit to the better implementation of reforms that legal aid strives for. After working with legal services authorities, I have gained a fair understanding of how the various elements of the justice system operate and how essential legal aid is for fulfilling the promise of access to justice for every citizen.
Could you walk us through your research and publications, particularly your dissertation on Drawing Adverse Inferences from the Non-Production of Evidence in International Arbitration?
I have developed my writing and research skills as a postgraduate student while writing my dissertation. The opportunity to write my dissertation taught me the basic research skills that any legal professional must master. This experience helped me gain insights on effective research techniques and improve my writing skills, which assisted me in sculpting my drafting skills as an advocate.
How did you approach your academic studies, and do you have any tips for aspiring law students?
My approach has always been to understand the fundamental principles of any law instead of knowing the number of the section or the name of a certain principle. It’s paramount to have an understanding rather than mere knowledge of various Acts, as litigation is the intersection of various laws. It’s also important to develop a sense of curiosity and keep it alive as the years pass by. I would also advise law school aspirants to cultivate a healthy habit of reading.
What advice would you give to fresh graduates who are just starting their careers in law?
I would like to share something I read that has stuck with me as a first-generation lawyer, especially with those who want to work in litigation: “patience is not something you develop out of choice but because nothing else works.” At the risk of sounding preachy, I would advise law graduates who want to work in litigation to have perseverance and patience.
With your wide range of practice areas, could you share with us how you developed such a diverse expertise in the field of law?
I have been practicing as a litigating lawyer for just over 10 years now before the High court and National Company Law Tribunal and also International and Domestic Arbitration. I also do general corporate practice, as my firm is an authorized partner with Ras Al Khaimah Economic Zone Authority (RAKEZ) assisting companies to set up businesses in Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah. When you are in litigation, it is very difficult to build an exclusive specialized practice from the start and it is equally very important, initially, to accept briefs or assignments in all areas of law, as it would also increase one’s horizon of knowledge and experience, which is a valuable asset. The practice at the High Court, generally involves knowledge of multiple enactments. One day you are advising and drafting a petition for interim measure in an international commercial arbitration for a client in Singapore and the next day you are representing a farmer from a remote village to obtain his just compensation in a land acquisition process from the government and the day after that you are representing a government employee in a service matter before the High Court or assisting a company to set up their business in Ras Al Khaimah. I had also advised Insurance Regulatory Development Authority on the draft of their health insurance regulations, which gave me an insight into manner of drafting of subordinate legislation and policy. I believe as a lawyer, one should be able to any do any kind of work that the client has a requirement with initially and it is only in the later years, the market will decide one’s area of specialization. When you accept a variety of briefs, the word of mouth spreads about your competence. With the result and partly due to COVID and use of technology, I have business houses calling from remote parts of Maharashtra, Chattisgarh and West Bengal for advise on their commercial transactions and potential disputes.
You have specialized in domestic and international commercial arbitration and insolvency and bankruptcy law. What drew you to these particular areas of law, and what experiences or cases have had the greatest impact on your career in these fields?
My specialization in LLM program at Cambridge was in the field of International Dispute Settlement and International Commercial Litigation. Legal certainty and predictability is very important in commercial disputes, which enables businesses to make sound and informed decisions. Time is money for any business. The object of any commercial litigation is not to be to litigate and spend valuable resources on litigation but to find a way to amicably settle the dispute. It saves great amount of time and money for small and medium businesses. It is always exciting to strategize in commercial disputes as there can never be a one-stop solution for all commercial disputes. Each case is different. That is one of the exciting aspects of commercial disputes.
Initially in my career, it was very heartening to see some small scale business owner trying to enforce his contractual rights against large corporations, as it would be a make or break situation for the small scale business and the survival depends on payments which are yet forthcoming from large businesses. Such cases give confidence and purpose to what I do. Over the years, as one’s visibility and ability to perform increases, the larger corporations also engage you in one of their disputes, perhaps keeping in mind your representations and arguments in a previous matter for small scale business owner.
Could you tell us more about your time at Cambridge and how it shaped your career path?
My time at Cambridge was one of the most memorable time of my life, which was enriching academically and was also a stepping stone for further opportunities. My specialization was in the field of International Dispute Settlement and International Commercial Litigation and Law of World Trade Organization. The academic environment created in Cambridge automatically propels one to perform. I was fortunate to complete my thesis in Investment Arbitration under the supervision of late Professor James Crawford, Former Judge of the International Court of Justice and secure first class in the thesis. The interactions and discussions I had with him are now part of my cherished memories. Thereafter, I also had an opportunity to assist Prof Peter Van Dan Bossche, Former Member, Appellate Body Secretariat, WTO in the drafting and research of the TRIPS Chapter of his book ‘Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization: Texts, Cases and Materials’. These little opportunities propelled my career path towards international arbitration or secure an internship with the WTO Appellate Body Secretariat.
From your advocacy and advisory work to your internships at the World Trade Organization and Debevoise and Plimpton LLP in London, could you share some notable experiences or cases that have helped shape your approach to law?
During my internship experience at the Appellate Body Secretariat, WTO, Geneva, I got first hand experience of how laws applied at an international level and how a member’s view or perspective has the effect on a ruling and how geo-politics also has an effect on how cases are viewed by members. The AB Secretariat is assisted by several dispute settlement lawyers who assist the AB in preparation and research of the AB reports in the cases brought to it by member states. In one such issue, the issue was whose appeal is to be numbered first, if the appeals are filed on the same day. The nations at issue were two large economies of the world, one democratic and the other non-democratic. The representatives of both nations were at logger heads as to their appeal to be numbered first. Then it was decided by the AB that there will be a draw of lots and the first chit out of the box will have their appeal numbered first. A meeting was called for of the representatives and all the lawyers and staff were directed to be present. The next issue was who has to pick the lot. And lo behold, I was the person summoned to draw the lot as I was the junior most person in the room. I picked one. It gave me insight into how international rules are applied to see that disputes, howsoever trivial, are resolved. It gave me an insight into a realistic approact to application of the law to resolve disputes. Apart from that, I had also a chance to attend and witness meetings of the Dispute Settlement Body which are held on a regular basis and understand each member’s view point on a dispute pending before it.
During my time at Debevoise, London, I was mostly assisting the arbitration team in investor state arbitration and international commercial arbitration. The firm was representing a nation state in a commercial arbitration dispute which was primarily with respect to construction of oil and gas pipeline in the Middle East. The case involved issues of law of nation state as well as applicability of public international law in respect of state responsibility. I had also a chance to work on a research paper as to the advantages and disadvantages of use of artificial intelligence in international arbitration. It was an open ended topic so I had a chance to be creative with thought provoking ideas. I also had an opportunity to assist the team, which was advising a client on business integrity issues in respect of performance of contract with a contractor in a least developed country.
As someone qualified to practice law in both India and the United Kingdom, how do you navigate the different legal systems and regulations in these jurisdictions? What challenges and opportunities do you encounter in your international legal practice?
There are quite a few similarities between the English law and Indian law in field of commercial contracts and commercial disputes. Most of the aspects of law such as interpretation of contracts, law of damages and assessment of quantum of damages, which we see in India, have their basis in English law.
Culturally, India is not a litigious society. As India moves towards more open market, and many businesses also move outwards for opportunities exploring other markets in the world, the work for commercial disputes is bound to increase. I see that lawyers in India are equally competent and competitive and foresee opportunities for them also increase. However, for over a century now, London continues to hold the preferred seat for arbitration and commercial litigation for cross border disputes and English law as the choice of law for such disputes, though the companies may have no physical presence in England. Possibly it is because of certainty, predictability and stability in the legal system that London has to offer. If an Indian Company has the option of engaging an English qualified Indian Lawyer, it would be easier for them in terms of comfort as well as cost. Infact, I would like to see a foreign seated company engage a Indian law firm or an Indian lawyer for their international commercial arbitration outside of India. When it can happen in information technology services sector, why not in legal sector.
The challenge the Indian legal system now faces, is one of pendency and effectiveness in terms of enforcement of judgements. Both reasons have grave effect on how foreign investors view the Indian Legal system to be a preferred mode of system for settlement of disputes. There are about 8-10 forums providing rights for creditor to initiate recovery proceedings like civil suit, commercial court, debt recovery tribunal, insolvency, winding up, MSME facilitation council, arbitration councils but still the last mile delivery of enforcement of the decrees before the decree holder actually sees the recoveries or monies in his account is very slow. That may create some anxiety in minds of few with respect to the effectiveness of the legal system.
You’ve published several papers and articles in domestic and international law journals. Could you highlight one or two of your publications that you believe have had a significant impact or have generated interesting discussions within the legal community?
Though the publications are on varied subjects, I believe the stand out to be one in field of nuclear liability, which was published in the International Energy Law Review. It was written just after the Fukushima nuclear accident. The article was a comprehensive analysis of the international law and national laws in respect of regulations and laws with respect to nuclear safety and safeguards, rules governing the international trade in nuclear waste and rules with respect to transportation of radioactive material and the domestic and international law in respect of the liability regime in the event of nuclear accident. The object of the regulations is to attract private investments and also trade in nuclear fuel in a peaceful and environmentally sustainable manner. I had also argued that capacity building in nations and cooperation amongst nations is the primary requirement to have a peaceful mode of trade in nuclear fuel, which is essential peace, security and development of any nation state.
You’re frequently invited to law colleges to judge moot court competitions and deliver guest lectures in corporate law and arbitration. What motivates you to engage with law students and young professionals in this manner, and what advice do you often find yourself giving to those entering the legal field?
Moot Court competitions, guest lectures and webinars are good platforms for brain storming sessions and exchange of ideas, and is part of the learning curve and self-enquiry. It also keeps one abreast with latest updates of law and also understand perspectives, which may be difficult in regular rigmarole of litigation practice. As a lawyer, whether in litigation or general corporate practice, it is important to be updated with the new changes in the law and also updated with the latest judgements of the supreme court. Any judgement read, the judgement should be noted down in a ‘green book’ whereby it is very easy to again reference back to it when the need arises. I maintain a ‘green book’ which has a list of judgements subject wise, with the relevant citations. Though internet research is a very useful tool, it is important to have a personal database written as it is edged in one’s memory forever. It is always important to read a wide variety of subjects apart from law, such as politics, economics, non-fiction, biographies, historical fiction, editorials which increases your horizon of knowledge, vocabulary and perspective. The more one reads on varied subjects including law the more one is confident to represent in court.
Considering your vast experience and expertise, what advice would you like to share with fresh graduates who are just starting their careers in law?
The opportunities that are available to young graduates are endless. Aspire for excellence in law and never settle for mediocrity. It is important to have an open mind as to opportunities around you. There are several rural and marginal groups who lack knowledge to enforce their rights in a court of law, so that way the potential is unlimited.
If one is planning to enter into litigation practice as a career option, it is important to bear in mind that one has to be ready for a grind which is for the long haul, and there is no option for a short term stint in litigation. The waiting period for recognition is now, perhaps, reduced to 5-7 years, which was earlier 15-20 years in the previous generation. Having said that, one is also required to put in long hours in the initial days, after which the existential and survival issues are taken care of. The variety and range of clients one meets, small, big, rich, highly educated, illiterate, elite, poor and downtrodden and the variety of problems that one deals with in litigation and the privilege of having been given an opportunity to solve them is extremely gratifying. I do understand young graduates may have some anxiety about financial security, but they need not worry about that in litigation, as once one is established in practice, remuneration is not far away.
Lastly, it is important to be brutally honest with your advice to the client, as the client is entitled to the best in you and in what you can offer. It is very important that in order to gain the trust of one’s client, the lawyer and client are on the same page at every step of the matter. Even if the client may not like to hear what advice you have to give, as a professional, one is required to be honest to the client.
How did you become a lawyer from being a poultry farmer and broom seller?
After graduating in B.Sc from University Maharaja College, Jaipur, I ran small poultry farm along with selling brooms in local city areas. Managed day to day work, did labour / manual farm work & selling broomsticks. Upon one of my travel to New Delhi got a chance to see law firms which changed my idea from being a poultry farmer & broom seller to become lawyer. It was a very difficult phase of my life as to transition from being a labourer to become lawyer without any generational support, no one known in Delhi or in legal fraternity to support but it was one of the best times as well.
How satisfying has your journey been, transitioning from a litigator to becoming an in-house counsel with one of the topmost corporations, and now returning to being a partner and dispute resolution lawyer with a top law firm?
God has been kind. Being first generation lawyer was privileged to work with Karanjawala & Company India’s top law litigation firm. There practiced all segments of law criminal & civil. I appeared for various clients involving peculiar kind of legal issues before various Courts & briefed Senior Counsels. This made me not only learn the basics of law but how to appear before Courts and be dutiful towards Clients and most importantly Courts of Law. Apart from this practiced law with Chambers of Ankur Chawla for a short period where got experienced more of Trial Court.
I further worked with great corporates like Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) as Regional Legal Head where handled general corporate advisory related to Food Laws, IPR, Retail, Franchising, Brand Protection & General Litigation involving various segments of laws, Compliance & Reporting, Code and concept of business partnering.
The experience with Indiabulls HousingFinance Limited taught me intricate nature of financial laws, complexities of Real Estate laws (RERA), Insolvency (I&B Code), Facets of Consumer laws, how to handle complex litigations & large legal teams.
Wipro Limited being Information Technology Giant offered rich knowledge on global eco-system surrounding Ethical & Code practices, Trade & Sanction Laws, Anti- Bribery and Anti- Corruption landscape, Code Policy drafting clubbed with Enterprise Risk Mitigation, Functional Support to Internal Audit and other functions, training & delivery on statutory compliances to Audit Committee and Board. These stints benefitted me with overall rich experience in handling legal issues related to FMCG, Banking and Info Tech nature of businesses.
All clubbed together are of immense legal & practical value which assist me to handle issues from Client & Business perspective. I must state that it’s an extremely difficult role to be In-House Counsel but it’s truly fascinating to help the brands grow in most effective & compliant manner. Today I appear in various Courts and practice law which I believe is the duty of being a true lawyer.
Whether working in-house or with a law firm, what are your thoughts and what are the key attributes required for a lawyer?
Both are truly fascinating & satisfying. Working In House within Company has variety of attributes which may be:
Complete know how of your business & functions
Knowledge of Functional Laws & its implications
Red flagging key issues and reporting with ease and without legalese
Weak points, how to highlight with solutions absorbable by business partner
NO to be avoided as it’s taken as not able to business partner but have balancing approach
Exhibit & highlight your work upon every stage regardless nature of work else non-highlight of work at appropriate time & spot weakens its delivery value.
Ability to showcase achievement without delay to your superiors and demonstrate value towards the company
Keeping above aspects in mind, the lawyer doing work in-house should be able to demonstrate the outcome immediately to management.
Working with firm & lawyers- the key attributes which may be:
Ability to conduct swift & voracious reading of papers on short time
Grasp facts without any constraint
Prepare error free draft in easy legal language
Up to date Legal knowledge of the issue at hand
Overall handling & case management (Start to End)
Client & partner satisfaction
Timelines and Delivery
Sincerity & Devotion – as outcome of the case is decided by Court where no errors can happen
Smoothly conduct conference with Client and Senior Lawyer
Conduct research of case laws, precedents for the issue at hand
Most importantly liking for law and legal profession
Maintaining diary of dates and filing
Considering above my view is – it depends on lawyer as to where the professional satisfaction is matched. Both are good to learn and practice law.
How do you provide the best possible legal advice to a client even though telling the truth may affect revenue?
Firstly honesty is the only way. Must have non- negotiable honesty with clients whilst providing legal opinions or leading them in litigation. Represent them with honesty before Courts as primary duty of lawyer is being officer of Court. Secondly there is no substitute for hard work. Work hard on clients briefs and research law/ try your best to get relief for client without loss of integrity.
How do you feel now that you’re back in practice from the in-house advisory?
I think that both are always good and satisfying.
To be successful you need to take bigger challenges and grow out of your comfort zone. That is what life is all about.
However it is always good to be in active legal practice, help various clients resolve issues, appear before Courts for their rights and interests. This would mean to deal in real time cases, draft pleadings, research law and precedents which is very different than sitting in background and advising In- House. However it depends on what a personal choice is for a lawyer & what is the preference. Sooner and later the In House advisory would end due to job becoming mundane, no challenges, burn out or retirement but the legal world is always open for practice regardless of age.
To start this conversation, could you please tell us how did you end up in law, and what inspired you to focus on competition law?
Law was never planned. I was a science student who feared mathematics and was sure that medical was not in the mix because of many years of studies involved. That left a few choices — law still wasn’t an option. I come from Udaipur in Rajasthan, law wasn’t a popular choice in my city at that time, very few people knew about 5-year law course and existence of National Law universities. For me, law happened in the process of trying everything else that was left and during the preparation of entrances it looked interesting. Then I secured a spot at NLU Delhi as part of the first batch.
Competition law isn’t a mandatory subject in law schools. I developed some interest in the subject after I did a couple of moot court competitions on competition law. In my university at that time, moot court competitions were far more important than they should be, partly because as first batch we had limited things to do and limited guidance. These moot courts helped me secure some internships in the competition law teams of law firms and then I started enjoying it. Competition law is a very practical law and every new case or a proposition requires you to understand how that business works. This is immense learning and the other thing is that this law requires you to understand economics which is very interesting.
You’ve worked with several prestigious law firms in India, including Talwar Thakore & Associates, Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co., and now AZB & Partners. How has your experience differed across these firms, and what have you learned from each of them?
I have been privileged to have worked with some of the best competition lawyers. It’s difficult to compartmentalize the learning because I have been at these places in different phases of my career.
I started my career with undivided Amarchand and continued at Shardul Amarchand. The team then wasn’t large and they were already doing some of the most important cases. The biggest learning for me in my formative years there was agility and pace that law firm practice demands. We used to do multiple diverse things in a day ranging from attending a court hearing, advising on commercial arrangements, preparing merger notifications for many days. Over the period, as the team grew, working with people of different approaches and styles helped developed adaptiveness which has always helped me.
TT&A competition team was small and doing quality work. My takeaway from this short stint was to develop strategic thinking. In some sense, this was shifting gears from being a pure executioner to a well-rounded lawyer who can be a trusted advisor to the clients.
By the time I joined AZB I had spent more than 5 years practicing competition law and had experienced two law firms. AZB has been a great platform in honing skills of client management, leadership and providing commercial solutions. AZB as a firm encourages growth in terms of even young people taking up challenging roles and be the front and center of top cases. Obviously, you develop these skills as you go along but there is genuine encouragement and effort in pushing people to take ownership. This continues to be a good thing for me.
The biggest learning common across the three places I have worked is to continue to keep the hunger to be better, to be part of leading cases, to be involved in policy shaping.
As a senior associate and now partner in the competition law team, you’ve worked on a variety of high-profile cases. Can you share some of the most challenging and interestingexperiences and outcomes?
It may sound cliched but every case is challenging, interesting and high-profile for the client you are working for. I have been very fortunate to have worked on a number of precedent setting cases. Regardless of the outcome, I have personally enjoyed working on some enforcement cases in the natural resources sector and technological markets.
One of the most interesting cases that I had the opportunity work on was a case that defined the boundaries between competition law and sectoral regulators. There are areas between competition law and sectoral regulations that overlap and this interesting debate was settled by the constitutional courts. This was a great learning experience also because we had to deal with other areas of law and try to align them to the competition law.
This is the age of technology and there are many cases in this area that I am currently working on. Novelty of issues in the tech cases I have worked on pushed us to go the extra mile to bring forth the most lucid way of putting across a point. It is really enjoyable to do that extra research and acquaint yourself to the issues, the product and then the competition concerns. The area is new to the lawyers and the regulators and therefore challenging. However, the best part about technology related issues is that it is pragmatic, it relates to things happening around you, it feels like you are dealing with real life situations around you. The law is still developing in this field and it is a great opportunity to be part of development of law.
Merger control is a big part of competition law. Could you walk us through the process of advising clients on securing CCI’s clearance for mergers across various industry segments, including telecom, technology, defence, cinema exhibition, aviation, packaging, and shipping?
Merger control is a key part of competition law practice. Having narrowed down to practicing competition law, I couldn’t afford to confine myself to antitrust aspects only. Merger control may appear to be relatively straightforward but there are different kinds of challenges there.
There is a lot of creative structuring of transactions and that makes the aspect of notification itself interesting. There are a series of exemptions which leave some room for interpretation and application.
Then there is the actual notification part. You need to understand the business for making merger control filings with the CCI. There is a lot of interaction with the business teams while preparing the notification form to define market, to collect data and business specific information. In some complex merger control filings, there is a lot of economic analysis involved. The important thing about merger control is that it is forward looking so the regulator and the lawyers have to both be clear and careful at the same time when analysing a complex merger control case.
You’ve also advised clients on competition as well as litigation in cases involving complex intersection of competition laws and intellectual property rights. How do you navigate these complex legal issues, and what are some of the key challenges you’ve faced in these cases?
This is a very interesting intersection of two laws that aim to support innovation and consumer benefit. But on the face of it look contradictory. IP laws say that innovator should have exclusive right over its innovation and the competition law say that exclusivity is bad.
So, when we faced cases where people complained against IP holders alleging abuse of dominance, it raised really complex issues. Thankfully, there was some guidance from other mature jurisdictions who have seen these issues. But to contextualize them in Indian context before courts was a very interesting experience. Some of these cases are still live and it will be an interesting to see how the CCI and courts decide these issues.
You clerked under Justice V S Sirpurkar, Former Chairman, Competition Appellate Tribunal and Former Judge Supreme Court of India. How did this experience shape your understanding of competition law and your approach to legal work?
This was my last internship in the University. I had done 2-3 internships in competition law before this but undoubtedly, the clerkship at the COMPAT was most rewarding for multiple reasons. Learning the subject, preparing for cases and just general work ethic. I learnt a lot from the close association with Justice Sirpurkar.
Had the good fortune of seeing some of the most important cases on competition law argued when I was assisting Justice Sirpurkar. In some sense it was my real exposure to the law. Because you could see all kinds of cases and all kinds of lawyers argue cases, I also closely saw the preparation that goes in preparing for a matter. Had a first-hand experience of seeing the difference between a manageable day, a good day and a great day in the court. Judges by definition are keen observers and a good preparation sets the case apart.
Justice Sirpurkar is a generalist judge so he used to put in extra effort in understanding and studying the law. Consequently, I needed to study, discuss and analyse the legal issues with him regularly. That period was more of a practical education than of first brush with working in competition law for me.
What are some of the most exciting developments in competition law right now, and how do you see the field evolving in the next few years?
As I said earlier, this subject is extremely pragmatic and relatable so it is not going out of fashion anytime soon. On a lighter note, businesses as they grow big, they will do things to remain there and cartels date back to the beginning of the civilization so I don’t see that stopping anytime.
What changes about the law is applicability to the things that are happening around you. Today the buzz in the town is big-tech and their conduct. There is an ongoing debate across the globe on whether the existing tools on competition law are sufficient to address the so-called new age problems around big-tech. In India, we have had our own share of play with big-tech some cases are decided others are under investigation. Policy level changes to have dedicated laws around regulating are being discussed and there is likely to be experimentation around that. So interesting times ahead and happy to be part of this.
What do you like to do when you’re not practicing law? Any hobbies or interests that you’d like to share with our viewers?
I listen to music and constantly try to revive my dying habit of non-law reading. Watching fiction takes most of my time reserved for hobbies and am trying to change that. If I could give one advise to lawyers just joining the profession, it will be that make that extra effort in keeping your hobbies alive, take time out to follow them. It is important to have them otherwise this profession can suck you into it without you even realizing it.
Finally, what advice would you give to law students and young lawyers who are interested in pursuing a career in competition law, and what qualities do you think are essential for success in this field?
That is a simple answer for me. Professional competence is important but it is just the bare minimum. You need to have an inquisitive mind and be practical in your approach. Try to step into the shoes of the client who needs to run a business and is seeking advice from you. These qualities are needed across the board for doing well in any stream of law.
Sir, please tell us about your educational background and how you got started in the legal profession?
Soon after tenth grade, I decided to become a lawyer. With this idea in mind, I finished my Junior College and started the five year law course in Government Law College, Mumbai. While studying, I joined the law firm Desai & Diwanji and I signed my Articles with them. This was my first experience of the legal profession and it was mostly corporate transactional work. I cleared my Solicitors exam in Mumbai and then decided to experience litigation in the Supreme Court, for which I moved to Delhi to work with Mr. Gourab Banerji, Senior Advocate. I enjoyed litigation and realized I wanted to practice as a Counsel. I moved back to Mumbai in June 2017 and since then have been in the Chambers of Mr. Zubin Behramkamdin, Senior Advocate and am practicing in Mumbai.
How did you decide to specialize in arbitration, civil and commercial litigation, securities, and real estate litigation?
My specialisations are a result of my interests. I was fortunate to do a fair amount of arbitration and commercial litigation while in Delhi and I found it very interesting. I have continued doing such work since. When I moved back to Mumbai, I also ended up doing a lot of civil and real estate litigation in Bombay High Court and Tribunals. My practice in securities litigation has been more recent but it has always been of interest to me since my time pursuing a corporate practice with Desai & Diwanji.
Can you describe a particularly challenging case you worked on and how you approached it?
I think all cases have their own challenges. According to me, the best way to approach a tricky case is to fully understand the client’s case and the context of the disputes. The client’s case is almost always based on their honest assessment of the facts and context and this understanding makes the cases much more manageable. I have also observed that sometimes, very difficult cases acquire their own dimensions as the trial progresses and they become much easier, if handled correctly from the beginning.
You have worked in both Bombay High Court and Supreme Court. What differences have you noticed between the two courts?
The differences are many. A major difference is that the Supreme Court essentially looks at matters that involve substantial questions of law and this warrants a lot more focus on the relevant laws and judgments. The facts have already been decided by the Courts below. On the other hand, the legal proceedings such as suits and arbitration petitions filed in the Bombay High Court generally involve disputed questions of facts, which are being agitated in the first forum. The facts are still not decided and therefore, the arguments tend to be more factual. Appeals in the High Court definitely involve more law but also often relate to disputed questions of fact.
You have also worked in the United States as a visiting attorney. Can you share some of the differences you noticed between the legal systems in India and the US?
I have pursued my LLM in the University of Chicago Law School, US and practiced as a visiting attorney with a law firm in New York for a short while after that. There are many differences but one that really stood out to me was the difference in the manner of drafting pleadings, pleadings are a lot shorter in the US. There is also a lot more focus on the discovery process of documents in litigation there and of course, one of the most interesting differences is the significant difference in the law of evidence that is applicable to trials with juries in the US.
You have worked on drafting reports and recommendations for various government bodies. How did you get involved in these appointments, and what was that experience like?
I was interested in the topics and I was lucky to be in the right place at the right time, I think. The experiences were incredible and I cannot be grateful enough to the distinguished members of the various committees for it. I learned so much from their discussions and deliberations. I started looking at the law from a different perspective because while suggesting amendments, the Committees were also considering the practical difficulties of the relevant laws.
You have published several papers on legal issues. Can you tell us about one of your favorite papers and why it was meaningful to you?
I think one of my favourite papers was the paper on carrying on microfinance in India. The concept is fantastic and I only fully understood and appreciated it after commencing the research for the paper. The idea itself is very noble because it provides cheaper loans to the people who need them the most. While there may be some disadvantages, I think those disadvantages are a result of the faulty application of the concept and hopefully, they are resolved sooner than later.
Looking back on your career, is there anything you would have done differently?
Honestly, I don’t think so. I did spend a lot of time in various different cities and countries pursuing different types of legal practice at the beginning of my career. Some may recommend starting and continuing one kind of practice from day one. However, the experience I got from each of those practices has been rewarding and I believe, has enriched my thought process. I am a product of all of those experiences and after trying various things, I am also quite sure that the legal practice I am now pursuing is the kind that I enjoy the most.
Coming to the last question, can you offer any advice for aspiring lawyers who are just starting their careers?
I think it is most important that you enjoy the practice because it is a demanding profession, which takes a lot of time and effort. I also find that it helps to not make the profession all about the ultimate goals but to take your practice one day at a time, that makes things less stressful and more fun. I also think striking a good work – life balance is essential for lawyers but also very difficult. I am still trying.
Sir, can you tell us a little bit about yourself and how you became interested in law?
I describe myself as a person on the prowl for learning new things. Even when I was pursuing Engineering, I always had an eye out for the latest developments in the law. Subsequently, I completed a course to feed my curiosity in Cyber Law then got my law degree followed by a Master’s degree and, ever since, have not looked back.
What inspired you to focus on trademark, copyright, design and patent law, and what do you find most rewarding about it?
My inspiration is derived from the omnipresent nature of Intellectual Property. From the clothes we wear to the recipes of food we eat, IP forms a part of anything and everything that revolves around us on a daily basis. If that is not inspiration, then what is? The most rewarding factor of IP is the never-ending brain-racking challenges the clients present in continual. To fit their ideas into the right mould in IP and the same reaching to fruition is what being rewarded truly means to me.
Could you describe your experience as a founder of Lawdroit and the types of cases you handle there?
LawDroit is a dynamic law firm. I established it with the motive of “IP under one roof,” and that is what I have aimed for. I started off with India-based clients, the work involves IP prosecution to litigation, and now with the help of my team have slowly expanded into International arenas as well. The experience has been nothing short of a roller-coaster ride, but when you love what you do, the low lows are a teaching point rather than a despondent experience.
How do you advise clients on the registrability of trademarks, and what factors do you consider when conducting trademark clearance searches?
All my work experience has taught me is that the trademark clearance search forms the ground norm of any brand. I usually assess a trademark based on how unique it is for the perceiving public. The questions I ask myself while conducting a search involve the risk of confusion, availability in the Trade Mark Office register, and whether a prior party exists, which can later turn into a red flag.
How do you approach opposition proceedings, and what strategies have you found to be most effective?
The most effective strategy is gauging the interest and capabilities of the other party. Before commencing an opposition proceeding, I make sure to assess how my client’s rights in the conflicting trademark are getting affected and what is the severity of such an infringement. The strategies revolve around honest concurrent use or acquired statutory or common-law rights.
What do you think are the biggest challenges facing intellectual property law in today’s global economy?
The first and foremost challenge I can put my finger on is the lack of knowledge. The unawareness of the aspects or the prospects that surround IP. I have come across various instances where a client wishes to safeguard a particular design but has already released it in the public domain, which makes it outrightly impossible to protect such nuances that can easily be avoided with proper awareness.
You mentioned that you will be appearing for the Barrister and Solicitor exam in Canada later this year. What motivated you to pursue this additional qualification?
I embarked on this journey a while ago, and additional qualifications never hurt. My only motivation, as also stated above that we are now expanding our clientele internationally, and this step was taken to embark on more projects with primary knowledge of the Canadian law of the land.
Finally, what advice would you give to fresh graduates who are interested in pursuing a career in law, particularly in the area of intellectual property?
My advice is two-fold. First, do not be dependent on someone to come and spoon-feed you the procedures and the law. In today’s internet era, when there is a never-ending cluster of knowledge, embrace that and read. Secondly, do not shy away from asking questions during internships and do not decide on a particular field too early. Explore a little and circle back to what floats your boat and will continue to float your boat 30 years down the line as well.
Sir, can you tell us a little about your background and how you first became interested in law?
Coming from a legal background, it was my natural instinct to get attracted to the legal profession and follow in the footsteps paved by my father and grandfather. I still remember my school days when my father used to take me to the court and let me watch the proceedings even though I never understood what transpired there. But it was still a thrilling experience for me to watch live actions in the courtroom which was entirely different from what was shown in movies. From my younger times, I was fascinated by the amazing world of law and had a strong determination to become a lawyer. Though my dream was to become a barrister I ended up being an advocate.
What inspired you to specialize in maritime and shipping law specifically?
During my initial days in the profession as a junior advocate, I had occasions to deal with matters relating to maritime and shipping law, including cargo claims and ship detention. But I never had a sound knowledge of this subject. The legal profession being a knowledge-based industry, I felt that it was necessary for anyone aspiring to specialise in any branch of law to acquire considerable knowledge on the subject. Shipping being an international branch of law it was all the more necessary to be familiar with International conventions which govern the field. India being a maritime nation and government promoting port sector and allied infrastructure development it is just a matter of time that maritime activities will flourish and as a consequence commercial disputes could emerge. That apart, only very few firms in India handle maritime disputes on an exclusive basis. It was in this background that I felt the need to set up a boutique firm handling maritime-related issues.
Can you walk us through some of the most interesting cases you’ve worked on throughout your career?
Shipping-related issues are always interesting considering the element of adventure involved in maritime. During ancient days, the shipping industry was considered suitable for those who are bold and brave and ready to face the perils of the sea. I had occasions to conduct maritime cases on a pan india basis involving huge stakes and also cases relating to piracy, salvage and general average which are not very common in India. One such case which went all the way to Supreme Court was related to the detention and arrest of crew onboard a foreign flag vessel suspecting possession of arms onboard. In fact, the vessel was involved in anti-piracy operations and as part of its engagement to provide security for merchant vessels transiting through high-risk areas, it used to deploy armed guards. On the premise that possession of arms without license is illegal under the Arms Act in India, the entire crew onboard the vessel was arrested most of whom are foreign nationals. The crew were forced to remain in India for a few years until the court set them free of all allegations. I also had occasion to appear before foreign seated arbitral tribunals in disputes relating to Charter party, new constructions, salvage etc. I was also fortunate to be nominated as arbitrator under LMAA terms on a couple of occasions.
You’ve spoken at numerous international events and served as a faculty member at several universities. What motivates you to pursue these opportunities outside of your practice?
I always believe that if sharing your experiences and knowledge even if in a small way could benefit others then that is the best way to reciprocate what the legal industry has given you. That apart, interacting with people from different parts of the world will give us new ideas and also provide with new opportunities, for further advancement of career. It is often said that being a lawyer, you are part of a learning process almost every day and therefore through knowledge sharing sessions you also gain valuable insights into new developments in the field of law.
Can you share any particular challenges or obstacles you faced while building your law firm, UMLC?
Though we were able to develop shipping practise within India in considerably short period of time, it was not an easy task to make the presence of the firm felt in the international arena. However, with constant efforts including attending international conferences and building a global network especially in key jurisdictions the firm was able to get over the initial struggles during the formative stage. When foreign firms are able to publicise their core strengths and achievements through advertisements and websites, we still have restrictions to follow the same in India. Thus atleast in maritime sector it doesn’t provide a level playing field thus putting Indian firms to much disadvantage. Having said that I believe that publicity for a lawyer should be achieved through client satisfaction and maintaining high level of ethical and professional standards in the chosen field.
What do you think sets UMLC apart from other law firms specializing in admiralty law?
Apart from regular cargo claims and ship arrests, our core area of specialisation lies in charter party disputes which eventually lead to maritime arbitrations seated in foreign jurisdictions. Doing LLM in maritime law from Southampton University has indeed helped me in connecting with key people in the industry especially those working in clubs and shipping law firms abroad. This has tremendously helped us in handling legal matters in India as well as in foreign jurisdictions with lot of ease and comfort.
As someone who has been in the legal field for over 25 years, what advice would you offer to recent law graduates who are just starting out?
The only advice I could give to young potential lawyers is that there are no shortcuts to success and the only way to achieve the same is through hard work, dedication and perseverance. One should never compromise on ethics and must follow the best practices in the industry. Take up every opportunity you get as a learning experience and never stop learning.
Sir, please tell us how did you get interested in pursuing law as a career?
I was always passionate about co-curricular activities during my school time. I pursued my primary and secondary education from Delhi Public School, Mathura Road where I got the opportunity to serve as the Head Boy in Junior Wing (2000-2001) as well as Senior Wing (2007-2008). Being an avid debater, I always had a knack for formulating arguments and envisioned myself as a litigating counsel. While my interest in public speaking was one of the aspects that pushed me towards studying law, the role of a lawyer as a social engineer fortified my decision of pursuing law as a career.
Could you tell us more about your experience as a Law Researcher with Justice Hima Kohli at the Delhi High Court? What was it like to prepare briefing notes for the Hon’ble Judge on fresh matters and research on challenging legal propositions?
I started my career in law as a Law Researcher with Justice Hima Kohli at Delhi High Court (now Judge, Supreme Court of India). It was an enriching experience to prepare briefing notes for the Hon’ble Judge on fresh matters. This helped me learn the art of reading a brief and summarizing the fulcrum of the dispute with ready reference to the relevant annexures. The experience also taught me the skills of researching on challenging legal propositions. Clerkship acted as an excellent stepping stone in my career as it offered a brilliant opportunity to observe contentious hearings and heated arguments to learn court craft and articulation.
What motivated you to gain more exposure in high stake matters by joining J SagarAssociates (“JSA”)?
The following two aspects motivated me to join a good law firm – (i) quality of pleadings filed by Tier – I law firms; and (ii) exposure of briefing and assisting variety of senior counsel.
While preparing briefing notes during my clerkship, I realised the importance of pleadings which is the first element of a case that a judge peruses even before considering arguments. I could easily differentiate between the standard of pleadings drafted by reputed law firms involved in high stake matters as compared to other run of the mill matters. Also, I was always intrigued by the arguments presented by good senior counsel who were usually engaged in high stake matters. I realised that working with a law firm would provide me exposure as I would get opportunity to assist a variety of senior counsel who are experts in their respective fields of law.
What did you learn during your time at JSA and how did it help shape your career as alawyer?
My stint atJSA taught me discipline, grit and perseverance. Turning around deliverables with rigorous deadlines prepared me for bringing out the best even under pressure. Associating with international clients further enhanced my personality and helped me transform into a mature professional. Furthermore, the exposure of appearing in different courts across the country helped me gain confidence to establish my independent practice.
What inspired you to establish your independent practice, and what have been some ofthe most rewarding experiences so far?
I have always been passionate about addressing arguments in Court. After a point of time, felt I was becoming too comfortable and complacent with my job at the law firm. I was striving for more opportunities to argue. The freedom to argue your own matters inspired me to establish my practice. One of the most rewarding experience is the satisfaction I see on my clients’ faces after they see me perform in Court. Recently, after achieving a favourable outcome for one of the legal aid beneficiaries, I was invited by him to visit his house and meet his family so that I could meet and inspire his children. Such instances augment my trust in the legal profession and remind me that I am on the right track.
Could you share more about your role as an Assistant Advocate General of the State ofHaryana in the Supreme Court of India?
As an Assistant Advocate General of a state, one is required to represent the concerned State in matters that are marked to the officer. The officer is expected to be well acquainted with both civil and criminal law as the officer can be asked to represent the State in any matter where the concerned State has been impleaded. The officer is required to coordinate with the concerned department of the State Government to seek instructions and assist the Court. My responsibilities as an Assistant Advocate General included arguing matters before the Supreme Court and drafting Special Leave Petitions and counter affidavits.
What are some of the most challenging cases you have handled in your practice, andhow did you approach them?
Each brief has its own challenges. Sometimes, a case may be straightforward but the Bench may be non-receptive. On other occasions, the opposite counsel may create unexpected hurdles in a matter which is otherwise not complicated.
Some of the challenging cases that I have handled include the landmark decision of Maharashtra Seemless Limited v Padmanabhan Venkatesh & Ors., reported as (2020) 11 SCC 467. I also appeared before Supreme Court in a landmark matter titled Aruna Oswal v Pankaj Oswal & Ors., reported as (2020) 8 SCC 79 involving interpretation of law of nomination under Companies Act, 2013 vis-à-vis law of intestate succession.
I have also represented a person with benchmark disability in a service matter before the Delhi High Court and Central Administrative Tribunal. I argued for securing his preferred post on the principles of non-discrimination and reasonable accommodation enshrined in the Rights of Person with Disabilities Act, 2016.
My Approach
Prepare a narrative, storyline of the matter and plug loopholes, if any.
Become the Devil’s Advocate and identify all ostensible arguments of the opposite side.
Present the matter before the Judge with a simple and logical approach. All courts appreciate brevity.
Up to date background research on the Judge who will be hearing the matter and judge’s approach in similar situations.
Understand the pulse of the Court which is very important during a hearing.
Prepare flexible strategies basis mood of the Court. Most of the urgent reliefs sought before a Court are discretionary. The art of articulation and persuasiveness to convince the Judge in passing a favorable order is the most important.
Could you talk about your experience representing various corporate, governmentdepartments, and financial institutions, and how do you balance the interests of thesedifferent clients?
You need to be versatile. Each client has a different way of dealing. Corporates expect you to be responsive so that they are updated with each development in their matter. However, government departments do not encourage too much hand holding. For me, all matters are equally important and I try to distribute my time basis the nature of the brief irrespective of the nature of client. I strictly adhere to professional ethics and do not engage in any manner in a matter where I may be conflicted.
Lastly, what advice would you give to aspiring lawyers looking to build a successfulcareer in litigation and dispute resolution?
While pursuing a career in law, you always remain a student as there is so much to learn. One must continue learning throughout their life and accept new ideas. I urge the budding lawyers to have a clear vision and plan their actions accordingly. There is no substitute to hard work and no shortcut to success.
In my view, the skills and qualities which a lawyer must possess to excel in his career can be derived from the word “Success” itself :-
How did you end up pursuing a career in law, and what inspired you to specialize in corporate and commercial law, M&A, joint ventures, private equity, exchange control and foreign investment?
I completed my schooling from a very small town, Bokaro in Jharkhand. I was a science student until my 12th Board, however, I did not find interest in continuing with science and was hoping to change my stream. I started applying for journalism courses in Delhi and thought that this career path is the most suitable for me. I came to know about National Law Schools through my brother and decided to explore both journalism as well as law. I got selected for both, however decided to opt for law.
I was selected for an internship in 2011 with DH Law (which merged its practices with Link Legal in 2016). During this internship, I worked on a lot of assignments relating to M&A, joint ventures and researched a lot on companies, businesses and regulatory issues. This created a vast interest in continuing in the same field and I was fortunate to receive a job offer from DH Law, Mumbai, post completion of my B.A. LL.B.(Hons.) in 2012. While I was ready to start my career in any given practice area, I found interest in this particular area after I was involved in all the stages of an acquisition deal in 2013. Thereafter, I decided to continue this area of practice.
Can you walk us through your experience working as an Associate at DH Law Associates and Senior Associate at Link Legal, Mumbai? What were some of the challenges you faced, and how did you overcome them?
I started with DH Law as an Associate in 2012. It was a smaller set up with great mentors. I had an opportunity to work on various assignments including deals, international arbitration, litigation as well as advisory. The challenge at the initial stage was to learn by yourself and deliver in time. As a fresh graduate, who had no experience of even an internship in a bigger law firm, the major challenge was to meet the quality of deliverables with market standards. With the guidance of the partners of DH Law coupled with my own passion and hard work, I think I was able to meet the required deliverables. Once a law student is required to work as a qualified lawyer, the main challenge is to understand the right issue involved in any assignment. Framing of the right issue is challenging initially, however, if you learn that art, you will succeed in profession.
DH Law merged its practices with Link Legal in 2016 and I also became a part of Link Legal and worked as a Senior Associate. The main challenge of a Senior Associate is to own the assignment, lead the transaction and simultaneously start training the juniors in the team. Delegation is the key when you take up major responsibilities. There are always late working hours depending upon the work load, however, you need to put that extra effort and concentrate on your value addition on the entire transaction.
As the Deputy General Manager (Legal) at Lodha Group, how did you manage to handle the legal responsibilities for one of India’s largest real estate developers? What were some of the significant projects you worked on, and how did you add value to the company?
The decision to move to Lodha Group came after a lot of thought where I wished to experience the challenges of an in-house counsel. I would say that the legal team in Lodha Group consisted of one of the bests lawyers whose professional approach was top notch. As an in-house counsel there are several challenges with more accountability on whatever you advise and strategies for the company. Lodha Group is one of the largest developers and were in the phase of expansion which required a lot of investments, joint ventures and commercial arrangements with big real estate funds, investors and banks. During my time at Lodha Group, I worked on assignments including setting up of infrastructure park, structured financing deals, debt investment assignments and joint ventures on regular basis. I think my transactional experience working with DH Law and Link Legal helped me to add value in these transactions and achieve the objectives of my team in timely manner.
You have been recognized among the top individual lawyers for corporate and commercial law in the Forbes India Legal Power List 2021. How did you achieve this recognition, and what advice would you give to young lawyers aspiring to follow in your footsteps?
I felt delighted and humbled after being recognized by Forbes India amongst the top lawyers (less than 10 years’ experience). There was no planning to achieve this, frankly, it happened due to the visibility and experience you gain in the market. The client’s feedback is of utmost importance in any feet you achieve. Post this recognition, in 2022, I have also been named as a ‘Future Legal Leader’ by India Business Law Journal and as a ‘next generation partner’ by Legal 500. All these recognitions come only when you are recommended by your clients which means that you have to give your hundred percent on whatever assignments you are working on. A piece of advice to the younger lawyers would be to focus on quality of your deliverables and automatically your visibility and client recommendations will increase.
Can you describe your role as an Associate Partner at Link Legal, Mumbai, and the most exciting projects you have worked on in this capacity?
As an Associate Partner at Link Legal, Mumbai, my role is to work as a leader of assignments within the team, be responsible for client deliverables, business development, managing your resources and work allocation. Some of the exciting transactions that I have worked in this capacity are –
Advised Auctus Advisors and its shareholders on its acquisition by YCP Solidiance International, a subsidiary of YCP Holdings, which is a company listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
Advised JSW Foundation in setting up of the Skill India Impact Bond, a first of its kind and India’s largest impact bond, launched by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). The other funding members of the SIIB includes, British Asian Trust, the Michael & Susan Dell Foundation, the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation, HSBC India and Dubai Cares, with FCDO (UK Government) & USAID as technical partners.
Advised Doncasters Group of Companies in relation to the Indian element of its global acquisition of Uni-Pol Group of Companies.
Advised Howen International Fund SPC, a Cayman Island fund, in its pre-series A investment in Sundaravijayam Automobiles Services Private Limited (known as Ready Assist).
Advised Almas Global Opportunity Fund SPC, a Cayman Islands based fund, in its investment of approximately USD 4 (Four) Million through primary and secondary investment in Jupitice Justice Technologies Private Limited, a justice technology company based in Chandigarh, India.
How do you keep up with the constantly evolving legal landscape, and what resources do you rely on to stay informed about the latest developments in your field?
There are several ways to keep yourself updated. The first and foremost is to read the newspapers every morning. Newspapers capturing the business updates are very crucial and reading articles provides you with the sectoral knowledge and the relevant updates. As a transactional lawyer, you need to religiously start your day by visiting three important websites of the regulators – Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Securities and Exchange Board of India and The Reserve Bank of India. This habit will keep you updated in this constantly evolving legal landscape.
What advice would you give to the young professionals who are at the struggling phase of their respective careers?
It is important for young professional in this field to learn as much as they can and develop their skills as a lawyer. We all lawyers are fortunate that ‘skill’ is paramount and most valuable factor to be successful and survive in the legal industry. This is a knowledge-based industry and if you have the knowledge, you will keep getting the work and keep growing in the legal industry, irrespective of your personal/professional background.
Ma’am, to start this conversation, could you please tell us a little bit about your background and how you became interested in law?
Well, to be honest, I didn’t always know that I wanted to be a lawyer. In fact, when I was younger, I had aspirations of becoming a doctor, just like my late father. However, when I was in my teens, Delhi was witnessing some trials- such as the Priyadarshini Mattoo case, Jessica Lal case- which were being widely reported. The the strategy developed by the lawyers in those cases, coupled with their past experience were the subject of media attention. I was fascinated by how small legal points, which the common man was not even aware of, could be used for or against them when they found themselves in the middle of a legal trial. I used to diligently read up all reports on such trials and gradually, my interest in the world of law grew, and I decided to pursue it as a career.
You have worked on some high-profile cases in the past, such as the Ayodhya dispute and the Triple Talaq matter. Can you talk about what it was like to work on these cases and the impact they had on you personally?
Those were definitely some challenging cases, but also very rewarding ones. Working on such high-profile cases was an incredible learning experience, and it taught me a lot about myself, my abilities, and the legal profession as a whole. Personally, it was a great feeling to be a part of these landmark cases that had such a significant impact on Indian society. These matters involved important constitutional questions and when one is assisting a counsel before the Hon’ble Constitution bench, you have to make sure to deliver your best work, and the judges are always so well prepared and one has to be ready for all kinds of questions. It therefore takes a lot of time to focus and prepare for these hearings. In fact, when I was working on the Ayodhya matter, I had not imagined that the regular hearing will start in the month of July 2019 (as the matter had been adjourned several times before) and I was actually scheduled to get engaged in that month. However, once the hearing dates were fixed by the Hon’ble Court, everything had to take a backseat and I decided to postpone my engagement. I think for any lawyer it is a lifetime opportunity to assist the stalwarts who have appeared in these matters, and while giving your best shot, you also get to learn so much just by being around them.
You have experience in litigation, arbitration, and corporate law. Which of these areas do you enjoy working in the most and why?
Well, I enjoy all of them for different reasons. Litigation is exciting because you get to argue your case in front of a judge and put your legal skills to the test. Arbitration allows for a more collaborative approach to dispute resolution, which I find fascinating. And corporate law is great because you get to work with companies and help them navigate the legal complexities of running a business. So, it really depends on the situation and the client. But if I had to choose, I would say litigation is what I enjoy the most. There’s something incredibly exhilarating about standing before a judge and arguing your case. Plus, every case is unique and presents its own set of challenges, which keeps things interesting.
What do you think are the most important skills for a successful lawyer to have?
There are many skills that are important for a successful lawyer to have, but I would say that the most important one is willingness to put in the hard work- one needs to read every paper, each word- several times, this is absolutely non-negotiable. Other important skills are attention to detail, good communication skills, and the ability to think on your feet are some of the most important. In addition, being able to empathize with your clients and understand their needs is crucial in building trust and creating a successful attorney-client relationship.
Can you talk about a particularly challenging case you worked on and how you overcame the challenges you faced?
One of the most challenging cases I worked on was the Ayodhya matter, wherein so many issues arose for the first time, such as whether idol is a perpetual minor?. When I am faced with complex legal issues, I try to read all literature which is remotely connected to it, be it from India or outside, it usually gives me the answer directly or at other times equips me to navigate the issue.
In my day to day practice, I find the cases concerning medical negligence really challenging as they require a deep understanding of medical terminology and it requires a lot of research to build a strong case. But, I have been fortunate enough to have a team of experienced doctors who have graciously helped me in understanding the medical aspects of such cases. Through their guidance, I have been able to build a strong arguments and perform in this niche area.
How has the legal profession in India changed since you began practicing law, and what do you see as the biggest challenges facing the profession today?
When I first started practicing law, I noticed that there was a lot of resistance to change, especially when it came to adapting to new technologies and working remotely. However, the pandemic has forced everyone to embrace remote work and virtual proceedings, and I believe this has opened up new opportunities for the legal profession to become more accessible and efficient.
The biggest challenge facing the profession today is the lack of diversity and inclusion. We still have a long way to go in terms of increasing representation of marginalized communities and women in leadership roles, especially in the judiciary. When I started out, we used to only see 1-2 women judges in the Supreme Court, however things have definitely improved and I have been fortunate enough to witness so many women judges, including 4 of them at the same time in the Supreme Court. However, I am waiting for the day when this ratio is equal and of course, eagerly waiting for a female Chief Justice of India. I think all of us, as officers of the court need to actively work towards creating more inclusive and diverse environments, not only to improve representation but also to bring in fresh perspectives and ideas.
You have experience working as an independent legal practitioner as well as an associate at a law firm. What are the main differences between these two roles, and which do you prefer?
The main difference between being an independent legal practitioner and working at a law firm is the level of autonomy you have. As an independent practitioner, you have the freedom to choose your own clients and cases, and you have complete control over your schedule and work style. On the other hand, working at a law firm can provide you with more resources, support, sustained income and opportunities to work on high-profile cases.
Personally, I enjoy the flexibility of being an independent practitioner, but I also appreciate the collaborative and supportive environment that law firms can provide. It really depends on your individual work style and goals.
As a woman working in the legal profession, have you faced any difficulties or challenges that your male counterparts have not? If so, can you tell us about those challenges and how you overcame them?
Yes, as a woman in the legal profession, I have faced some unique challenges, such as gender bias, microaggressions, and sometimes being underestimated by my clients and peers. It can be frustrating to feel like you have to work harder to prove yourself, but I’ve learned to channel that frustration into motivation and dedication to my work. In fact, I feel that these people really pushed me to become more thorough with my brief and ultimately contributed to my growth. Over the time, when these clients saw my work, they also reposed faith in my capabilities as a lawyer.
Lastly, what advice would you give to someone who is considering a career in law, particularly someone who is just starting out?
My advice to anyone starting out in the legal profession is to keep an open mind and be willing to learn and adapt. The legal profession is constantly evolving, and it’s important to stay up to date on new developments and technologies. Additionally, don’t be afraid to take on new challenges and try different areas of law to find what you’re passionate about. Further, put in as much work as you can, in this profession, it is very difficult to survive without putting in the work and once you find something that you have a passion for, hard-work will not feel nearly as dreadful. Lastly, always strive to maintain high standards of professionalism, ethics, and integrity in all your work. The legal profession is a noble one, and it’s important to uphold its values and principles.
