Super Lawyer

Tag: Columbia Law School

  • “Looking back, I’d say building an international legal career requires a combination of strong technical skills, cultural curiosity, and adaptability.” – Nayanika Ruia, Associate at Goodwin, United States.

    “Looking back, I’d say building an international legal career requires a combination of strong technical skills, cultural curiosity, and adaptability.” – Nayanika Ruia, Associate at Goodwin, United States.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Being dual-qualified in both India and New York is a remarkable achievement. What first inspired you to choose law as a career, and what motivated your decision to build an international practice?

    Hailing from a family of prominent lawyers and businessmen, I have been exposed to the world of commercial and legal transactions since a very young age. My initial interest in law was sparked during family dinner conversations about how legal frameworks influence business strategy and drive corporate growth. Those early discussions made me curious about the intersection of law and commerce and ultimately motivated me to pursue a career in law. My interest in corporate law was primarily triggered after I participated in a corporate and securities law moot court competition in law school, where I conducted research on issues relating to insider trading and investment fraud. My constant endeavor to explore and navigate through the practical aspects and intricacies of commercial laws motivated me to pursue internships with corporate law teams at premier law firms and various multinational companies. As I delved deeper into the field, I was drawn to the dynamic, fast-paced world of mergers and acquisitions and private equity—areas where legal precision, business insight, and negotiation strategy converge. After graduation, I gained extensive transactional experience in the M&A practice at AZB & Partners, Mumbai and Trilegal, Mumbai. Qualifying in India gave me a strong foundation in company laws and exposure to a rapidly evolving corporate landscape. However, I was increasingly working on cross-border deals involving US investors, Delaware entities, and multi-jurisdictional structures. This motivated me to pursue an LL.M. in the USA, not only to deepen my understanding of the US law but also to add value in cross-border transactions. My goal has always been to operate at the intersection of jurisdictions, helping Indian companies scale internationally and advising US private equity players and venture capital firms on investments into emerging markets. New York is the financial capital of this world and home to all the big multi-national corporations, private equity firms, and financial institutions. International qualification in New York was a natural step towards building that kind of practice and seeking the desired global exposure. I wanted to be at the forefront of my practice, in the city where all big-ticket matters unfold. Being dual-qualified in both India and New York has been instrumental in shaping my legal career, particularly in corporate law, where cross-border transactions are increasingly the norm.

    During law school, you completed 15 internships at some of India’s most prestigious law firms and multinational organizations. How did these diverse experiences shape your inclination towards corporate law, and what key lessons from those years continue to influence your professional approach today?

    Completing 15 internships during law school gave me an unparalleled opportunity to explore different areas of law and understand how legal theory translates into practice. From interning in the corporate teams of top-tier corporate law firms to in-house legal teams at multinationals, each experience offered a unique perspective. Learning the practical aspects of transactional work while undertaking due diligence exercises and drafting agreements gave me a hands-on exposure into the professional work at law firms and a glance into the legal requirements of companies from a client’s perspective. While this industry demands long and hectic working hours with challenging work-life balance, I enjoyed the fast-paced and high-stakes environment, and more importantly, I was fascinated by how lawyers help structure complex transactions, negotiate and draft key transaction documents, and manage stakeholder expectations by aligning legal solutions with business goals. I still remember the lessons I learned from my mentor, a counsel at Trilegal that continue to guide my professional growth till date: (a) Adaptability: working across diverse teams, sectors, matters and legal issues taught me how to quickly assess context and contribute meaningfully, even with limited time or background in this fast-paced industry; (b) Precision: handling high-value transactions at law firms taught me early on that attention to detail isn’t just expected, it’s essential. It’s not limited to the role of a junior associate reviewing documents, but rather a discipline that must be upheld at every level of the deal team; and (c) Communication: be it drafting a memo or conducting a due diligence review, clarity in communication and collaboration as a team make the long working hours bearable and the work more enjoyable. Looking back, those years gave me more than just technical exposure, they solidified my decision to pursue a career in corporate law and helped me build the skillset, habits, mindset, and curiosity that I carry into every transaction even today.

    At Columbia Law School, you not only pursued your LL.M. but also engaged deeply as a Research Assistant and took on leadership roles in student associations. How did these academic and co-curricular experiences expand your perspective on law and prepare you for a global career?

    Pursuing my LL.M. at Columbia Law School was transformative, not only because of the world-class academic environment, but also due to the breadth of co-curricular opportunities that enriched my understanding of the law from a global and interdisciplinary perspective. The opportunity to learn from distinguished professors and engage with the vibrant community made it an enriching educational experience! As a Research Assistant to Professor Jeffery N. Gordon, I had the opportunity to work closely on comparative legal issues, including research on complex M&A issues and legal grey areas, which not only sharpened my analytical and research skills but also gave me insight into how legal systems address ambiguity across jurisdictions. This role honed my ability to approach legal challenges from both doctrinal and policy-based angles. Beyond the classroom and theoretical learning environment, I took on leadership roles in student associations, such as, Student Editor for the Columbia Journal of Asian Law and Secretary of the Columbia Corporate Responsibility Association. I was also an active member of the Columbia Business & Law Association and Columbia Law Women’s Association. Organizing and moderating panel discussions alongside legal scholars and engaging/ interacting with BigLaw partners broadened my perspective on the practice of law across different commercial environments that I now regularly witness in my cross-border practice. My proactive participation in co-curricular activities allowed me to collaborate with my peers from diverse legal backgrounds, exchange perspectives on global legal issues, and build meaningful connections within the international legal community. Together, these academic and extracurricular engagements at Columbia Law not only enhanced my cross-cultural exposure but also equipped me with the global mindset to thrive in the US legal fraternity. In a nutshell, choosing to study at Columbia was one of the best investments I’ve made, not just academically, but personally as well. While the LL.M. program offered world-class legal training and exposure to a truly global network, living in New York added a whole other layer to the experience. I took full advantage of what the city had to offer, catching Broadway shows, exploring museums, trying out food from around the world, and just soaking in the vibe and energy of the city.

    Having worked with leading law firms before pursuing your international practice and master’s degree, what cultural and procedural differences stood out to you between legal systems? What were some things you had to learn, adapt, or even unlearn to navigate these differences effectively?

    Having worked on M&A and private equity deals in both India and the USA, the differences were striking. While the skillset of a corporate lawyer is arguably transferable and is not jurisdiction specific, in India, deal-making often involves more regulatory oversight, heavily negotiated transaction documents, partly due to enforcement uncertainties and foreign investment restrictions (FDI). In contrast, US transactions are typically fast-paced, more standardized, and heavily focused on commercial outcomes / business goals through precise contract drafting. For instance, I worked on a cross-border transaction that involved a Delaware entity that wanted to acquire an Indian company as its wholly owned subsidiary. As part of the transaction, I realized that Delaware enjoys significantly greater flexibility by providing the board of directors the discretion to govern the entity, whereas, in India, the corporate governance of an entity is more prescriptive and compliance-heavy with stricter rules on matters like related-party transactions, board composition, and structuring. While these legal safeguards in India serve important governance goals, they can sometimes limit the structuring creativity available in complex deals. Culturally, I had to adapt from a well-defined organizational structure in Indian law firms to a more collaborative, client-facing role in the USA, where lawyers early-on in their careers are expected to engage more directly and strategically with the client. I also noticed a shift from providing detailed legal analysis to offering simple, concise (to the point), business-oriented advice, which is critical in the US private equity and M&A space. This transition pushed me to unlearn overly cautious habits and instead focus on practical, deal-driven lawyering, a mindset that’s essential in global transactional work. One of the most appreciated cultural differences I experienced is that the “open door policy” in US law firms is genuinely practiced and not just stated. There’s a strong emphasis on accessibility, mentorship, and collaboration, regardless of hierarchy. Junior lawyers are encouraged to ask questions, contribute ideas, and engage directly with senior associates, partners and even clients, which fosters both learning and confidence.

    In your current role, you represent private equity firms, venture companies, and strategic investors in complex cross-border transactions. What have been the most rewarding aspects of working on such high-value deals, and how do you approach the challenge of reconciling multiple statutes and jurisdictions?

    I am currently a mid-level associate at Goodwin Procter, LLP, New York, focusing my practice on domestic and cross-border mergers and acquisitions, specifically leveraged buyouts, private equity transactions, and venture capital investments. Working on complex cross-border transactions has been incredibly rewarding, both intellectually and professionally. The most fulfilling aspect is helping clients navigate high-stakes decisions that directly shape and impact their business growth. The best part about my work is that it never gets boring!  Whether it’s representing private equity firms, venture-backed companies, or strategic investors, each transaction presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities. Being at the intersection of law, business and strategy is both challenging and energizing. There is a thrill in closing complex M&A deals. One of the key complexities is managing/ coordinating cross-border work and reconciling multiple legal regimes, especially when deal terms, corporate governance standards, or enforceability vary significantly across jurisdictions. We approach this by collaborating closely with key transaction stakeholders such as RWI insurer, opposing counsel, local counsel and by ensuring alignment on key provisions like representations and warranties, indemnities, and shareholder exit rights across transaction documents. Driving projects by setting timelines for internal workstream, determining and planning internal deliverables, and leading team calls to meet deadlines to increase efficiencies helps manage risk and maintain deal momentum across borders.

    Qualifying as a New York lawyer is no small feat. How did you prepare for the bar exam, and how has this qualification added value to your practice? What advice would you offer law students and young lawyers aspiring to clear the exam and pursue international opportunities?

    Preparing for the New York Bar Exam was intense, especially coming from a non-US legal background. While I recall it as being a traumatic experience, I did learn a lot along the way! I approached it with a structured plan and a strict routine. I enrolled in a bar prep course, followed a study schedule, and focused heavily on practicing questions and timed essays to build both speed and familiarity with the exam format. I mostly focused on practicing past exam questions because they really helped me get a solid grasp of the legal concepts and figure out how to manage my time during the test. Consistency and discipline were key. I used to wake up early to read through the study modules and watch all the videos and then spend the whole day practicing questions. This helped me understand and apply the legal concepts without the need to cram them up. Qualifying as a New York attorney not only adds credibility in one’s practice in the USA but is also a requirement for most BigLaw firms in making their decision to hire you to practice law in New York. As a New York qualified attorney, I am able to advise on US legal aspects directly, particularly in deals involving New York law-governed documents, which are common in my area of work. My advice is to treat the bar exam like a full-time job for those one to two months. Focus on understanding the test, its format/ structure and not just the law. No matter which bar prep course you choose, practice, practice and practice! This is very important. You don’t need to ace the exam (no extra points for high scorers) – you only need to pass it! Follow a study routine which works best for you but stick to it. There might be days when you may lack the motivation to study or feel burnt out but believe me, keep at it, be positive and put in the hard work because it definitely pays off!  

    With such elaborate professional responsibilities and a demanding work schedule, how do you strike a balance between your personal and professional life? What strategies or habits help you manage it all effectively?

    Balancing a demanding career in corporate law with personal life is definitely a big challenge! However, with time and experience I’ve found that setting clear boundaries and prioritizing both work and downtime is essential. While my law firm does strongly emphasis on physical and mental wellbeing by organizing retreats, wellness days and initiating activities to relieve work stress etc. I make it a point to schedule focused work hours and then fully disconnect during personal time, whether that’s spending time with family, exercising, or pursuing hobbies. I believe that following a proper routine and managing time consciously are key habits. I endeavor to stay organized and avoid burnout by using my vacation days to travel, which I deeply enjoy. I plan my weekends ahead and try to squeeze in activities which I really want to do such as watching a Broadway show or even going on hikes! Even when I get very little time for myself during rough days or intense work phases (when we are signing or closing a transaction), I try to do something that makes me feel calm and relaxed. I listen to music, play the piano or read a novel. I try to exercise regularly, stay hydrated and remain active during the day. Ultimately, I have learnt from my experience that work life balance is less about reaching a perfect equilibrium every day but more about putting in consistent effort to recharge and stay mentally fresh, which ultimately makes me more productive professionally and personally.

    Looking back at your journey, what advice would you give to students and young lawyers aspiring to build an international career like yours? Are there specific resources, skills, or values you recommend they focus on to thrive in this path?

    Looking back, I’d say building an international legal career requires a combination of strong technical skills, cultural curiosity, and adaptability. Moving to another jurisdiction and pressing the restart button in your professional life is not easy. One should have an open mind to adopt change and the strength to address any unforeseen challenges. It is important to develop a global mindset: stay curious about different legal systems, business cultures, and geopolitical trends. First and foremost, young lawyers still in law school should gain internship experience early on to understand the practical side of the legal profession. It’s essential to go beyond textbooks and see how law operates in the real world. A strong resume with good academic performance, complemented by diverse co-curricular and extracurricular activities, can significantly strengthen an application to study abroad. During my time in law school, I was an active mooter, and I continue to stay engaged with the community by judging some of the most prestigious moot court competitions globally. For those aiming to pursue an LL.M. in the US especially in corporate law, I strongly recommend gaining some hands-on experience in M&A or private equity transactions before applying. The LL.M. is a significant academic and financial investment, and it’s important to approach it with clear intent and direction. Students should not come with the sole aim of landing a job. The LL.M. is also an opportunity to grow as a lawyer, broaden your perspective, and experience true global exposure. Along the way, networking is absolutely key. Building meaningful and genuine relationships with alumni, law firm professionals, professors, and peers can open doors and provide lasting value well beyond the program. Finally, I would say: cultivate resilience and humility. The path can be challenging, especially as you navigate cultural, academic, and professional differences. But those who remain adaptable, open-minded, and solution-oriented will not only succeed but they will thrive.

    Get in touch with Nayanika Ruia –

  • “Many complex arbitrations involve legal grey areas, and my research experience has helped me anticipate how tribunals might handle such issues. Additionally, the ability to analyse arbitration decisions critically, especially in the absence of binding precedent, has shaped the way I strategize arguments” – Ritunjay Gupta, Advocate-on-Record and Founding Partner at Vidvat Legal.

    “Many complex arbitrations involve legal grey areas, and my research experience has helped me anticipate how tribunals might handle such issues. Additionally, the ability to analyse arbitration decisions critically, especially in the absence of binding precedent, has shaped the way I strategize arguments” – Ritunjay Gupta, Advocate-on-Record and Founding Partner at Vidvat Legal.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Having a background in Business Economics, what inspired you to pursue a career in law? How was your experience during law school, and how did it shape your professional journey?

    Law was not my first choice, nor was it the obvious path after studying Economics and Finance. My initial academic inclination was towards Finance, and I pursued it earnestly, even completing a Master’s degree. However, during my undergraduate years, I was introduced to Business Law and Company Law, subjects that I unexpectedly found both engaging and intellectually stimulating. I excelled in them, even receiving an award for my performance, which planted the first seed of curiosity about the law. That curiosity remained dormant until a friend encouraged me to attempt the Delhi University LLB entrance exam. Securing admission to the Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law felt like an opportunity worth exploring, and once immersed in the study of law, I realized it was where I truly belonged.

    Campus Law Centre was an eye-opening experience. Unlike my previous academic settings, it was a melting pot of individuals from different backgrounds, each with unique motivations – some preparing for civil services, others drawn to political or judicial service roles. Few, like me, were focused on litigation and active practice. Studying law in this environment expanded my perspective, making me more attuned to the socio-political landscape and the practical realities of the legal profession. It wasn’t just about learning the law from textbooks; some of the most insightful debates happened informally, in the ‘Bamboo Garden’ next to the canteen.

    Beyond academics, law school imparted valuable lessons that have remained with me. It taught me the importance of being approachable to people from diverse backgrounds and recognizing that intelligence is not determined by fluency in English, especially in courts across the country where different languages are used for argument. It also deepened my understanding of the intricate relationship between law and the broader socio-political landscape. Above all, it reinforced the importance of perseverance, a quality that continues to guide me in my legal career.

    You completed your Masters at Columbia Law School, New York. What motivated you to choose Columbia Law over other institutions, and how has your experience there influenced your career? How has this degree been advantageous in your legal practice?

    I chose Columbia Law School for its strong focus on international arbitration and commercial law, fields I was keen to specialize in. Columbia’s arbitration faculty is among the best in the world, led by Professor George A. Bermann, Director of the Centre for International Commercial & Investment Arbitration, alongside Professors Kabir Duggal and Robert Smit. Their presence attracts leading professionals and practitioners to engage with students through guest lectures and lunchtime seminars, making Columbia a hub for arbitration discourse. The fact that Columbia is located in New York was an added advantage. The city’s vibrant legal ecosystem offers unparalleled exposure, from regular events at top-tier law firms to seminars and workshops organized by the NY City Bar and State Bar associations. Columbia Arbitration Day is another standout event, bringing together global stalwarts in arbitration to discuss the latest developments in the field. 

    Studying at Columbia reshaped how I approached the law. The learning environment encouraged critical thinking, collaboration, and exposure to global perspectives. With classmates from over 50 countries, discussions went beyond textbooks, offering insights into different legal systems and approaches. The faculty also made a lasting impact. For example, Professor Paul Shechtman, who taught Evidence and Criminal Adjudication, often used courtroom scenes from movies like ‘A Few Good Men’ and ‘12 Angry Men’ to explain legal principles, making learning engaging and memorable.

    A key highlight was working as a Research Assistant to Professor Bermann, contributing to his book ‘Twilight Issues in International Arbitration’. This experience deepened my understanding of arbitration and reinforced the advantage of pursuing an LLM after gaining work experience. Unlike traditional academic programs, an LLM at Columbia is not about competition but personal and professional growth.

    The degree has been invaluable in my legal practice, particularly in refining my approach to complex disputes and arbitration. It has also given me access to leading legal professionals across the globe. With cross-border transactions and disputes becoming increasingly common, it is essential to have access to legal knowledge that transcends jurisdictions. Having friends and colleagues working across different legal systems has been incredibly beneficial. For instance, very recently, in an international arbitration involving U.S. laws and a Delaware corporation, a corporate lawyer and dear friend from Columbia, well-versed in those laws, helped me strategize my approach to the dispute. This is just one of many such instances. Additionally, referral work from friends abroad has been an added bonus. I often serve as their point of contact in India, which has been mutually beneficial.

    Most importantly, the degree has given me credibility, which is invaluable in my profession. With so many lawyers in the country offering, on paper, similar skillsets, the LLM and a foreign-bar qualification has helped me differentiate myself. It has ensured that clients view me in a different light, recognizing the value I bring to the table. In a competitive market, that distinction is crucial.

    At J. Sagar Associates, you worked on a diverse range of matters, including constitutional law, corporate governance, insolvency etc. How did working across such varied legal domains shape your understanding as a lawyer? What were the experiences that have stuck by you?

    JSA was my first job, and like any young lawyer, I was just learning the ropes. What made the experience truly enriching was the diversity of matters I was exposed to across various forums, including the Supreme Court of India. Unlike many large firms where junior associates rarely see the inside of a courtroom, JSA had a strong culture of ensuring its lawyers attended court regularly. This early exposure to court craft played a significant role in shaping my understanding of litigation.

    Working on high-stakes, complex disputes meant that research was at the heart of everything we did. As juniors, we were expected to delve deep into legal principles, dissect arguments, and anticipate counterpoints. This process instilled in me the discipline of extensive reading, a habit that continues to serve me well. Another key advantage of being at a top-tier firm was the opportunity to interact with some of the finest Senior Advocates in the country. Sitting in case conferences with them, observing how they analysed a brief, structured their arguments, and approached strategy was an invaluable learning experience.

    I was also fortunate to work under a mentor who was exceptional in corporate and contract law. His insistence on first-principles thinking kept me on my toes. I had to be thoroughly prepared before even approaching him for a discussion. This ensured that I developed a strong foundation in legal reasoning and analytical skills early on.

    JSA’s marquee clients in the construction and banking sectors further honed my expertise in arbitration and financial law. Many of these cases laid the groundwork for my later specialization in insolvency and arbitration. The firm’s rigorous environment, 100+ hour weeks, working weekends, and months without a holiday was undeniably demanding. But it taught me the value of perseverance, attention to detail, and consistency – qualities that are indispensable for success in the legal profession.

    As a Research Assistant at Columbia Law School, you contributed to drafting chapters for the book Twilight Issues in International Arbitration. How did this research experience deepen your understanding of international arbitration, and how have you applied these insights in your own practice?

    Working with Professor George A. Bermann on ‘Twilight Issues in International Arbitration’ was an incredible learning experience. Every year, Professor Bermann takes on several research assistants, but only a select few get the opportunity to contribute to major projects like this book. I was fortunate to be among those chosen. The book was a four-year project, and during my time at Columbia, I had the privilege of assisting for a year alongside five other students.

    Before this, I had read about international commercial arbitration but had little exposure to twilight issues. These are matters that lack clear legal authority, leaving tribunals to rely on ‘soft law’, general principles, or comparative approaches. Researching topics such as corruption, res judicata, iura novit curia, collateral estoppel, lis pendens, costs, and ethics helped me understand how arbitration functions beyond codified law. This experience also gave me a nuanced perspective on how different jurisdictions approach these unsettled issues and whether international standards are emerging.

    One of the most unique aspects of the research was our access (albeit limited access), granted with Professor Bermann’s approval, to hundreds of confidential arbitral awards from the American Arbitration Association (AAA). Studying these awards provided rare insight into how tribunals across different legal traditions navigate twilight issues. It also deepened my understanding of international arbitration from a common law perspective, particularly the reasoning processes of U.S. based tribunals.

    In my practice, this exposure has been invaluable. Many complex arbitrations involve legal grey areas, and my research experience has helped me anticipate how tribunals might handle such issues. Additionally, the ability to analyse arbitration decisions critically, especially in the absence of binding precedent, has shaped the way I strategize arguments.

    While at IndusLaw, you represented clients in ad-hoc and institutional arbitrations, both domestic and international. How do you view the Indian arbitration framework in comparison to international arbitration mechanisms, and what do you think the future holds for arbitration in India?

    At IndusLaw, I had the opportunity to work on a range of high-stakes arbitrations, including leading a major SIAC arbitration seated in Singapore. Collaborating with top global legal professionals and law firms reinforced my understanding of international arbitration frameworks and best practices.

    While India has made strides in arbitration, it remains far from being a global hub. Judicial intervention, procedural rigidity, and the tendency to appoint retired judges often make arbitration as slow and expensive as court litigation. The frequent challenge of arbitral decisions in courts undermines the efficiency arbitration is meant to provide. Alarmingly, some public sector entities are even moving away from arbitration in their contracts.

    The outlook is not entirely bleak. Both the government and the private sector are advocating for institutional arbitration, businesses are increasingly prioritizing settlements, and the rise in foreign investments is leading to adoption of more institutional arbitration clauses. For arbitration to progress meaningfully, young practitioners must refine their expertise through advanced education, specialized training, and practical experience. Additionally, India needs to foster a pool of specialist arbitrators with a deep understanding of modern commercial disputes, rather than relying predominantly on retired judges. With increasing cross-border transactions, Indian arbitration cannot function in isolation. It must align with international best practices to remain competitive and truly serve its intended purpose of efficient and effective dispute resolution.

    What inspired you to establish Vidvat Legal? Leading complex litigation and arbitration matters across various forums, could you share some of the most challenging and impactful cases you’ve handled since founding your firm? What strategies do you adopt to manage high-stakes disputes and ensure a successful outcome for your clients?

    Starting Vidvat Legal was a conscious decision driven by the need to push my boundaries as a lawyer. After years in top-tier firms, I had gained extensive experience handling high-stakes matters, honing research and drafting skills, and learning to navigate complex disputes. But I wanted to go beyond just being a skilled practitioner. I needed to understand the business side of law i.e., how to generate and retain clients, build long-term relationships, and create tangible value for those I represent. Equally important was the challenge of operating independently, without the built-in support systems of a large firm. Independence has also allowed me to explore areas I had never ventured into before, such as trust law, employment law, land law and constitutional matters.

    One of the more challenging cases I handled after founding Vidvat Legal was representing a Sequoia-funded startup (operating in over 60 countries) in a SIAC arbitration seated in Singapore. The dispute, against a London-based customer, centred on claims for service fees, resource costs, and setup charges under the company’s master services agreement. The case’s multi-jurisdictional nature required navigating international arbitration frameworks and foreign contract laws. Midway through the proceedings, I led settlement negotiations and secured a favourable resolution of over USD 200,000. After the matter was resolved, I worked closely with the client to strengthen their master services agreement and localize employment contracts, ensuring they were more robust and better equipped to prevent similar disputes in the future.

    Another impactful matter was representing (pro-bono) a batch of Delhi University students whose first-year examination results, conducted during COVID, had not been declared even as they approached their final year. The delay had severe consequences, preventing them from applying for higher studies and job opportunities. With college officials unable to resolve the issue, I studied university byelaws, and education guidelines to build a strong case. After petitioning the university, the matter gained traction, and during the pendency of the case, DU finally released the students’ grades, providing them the relief they had been waiting for.

    Success in high-stakes disputes is not just about winning but about managing client expectations and mitigating risks. My approach is simple. Master the facts, conduct rigorous research to ensure well-founded arguments, and draft pleadings that are clear, concise, and structured for ease of comprehension. Keeping clients engaged with timely updates and feedback is crucial. In hearings, I focus on being articulate, respectful to the bench and opposing counsel, and ensuring that every argument serves a strategic purpose.

    With your admission to practice in both India and New York, and now serving as an Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India, how do you navigate the differences between the legal systems of these two jurisdictions? How has practicing in both countries shaped your approach to legal matters, and what challenges or advantages have you experienced in doing so?

    I do not actively practice New York law, but my understanding of it plays a crucial role in international disputes, especially those governed by common law principles. While the procedural aspects of different jurisdictions vary, at its core, law is about logical reasoning. Beyond the specific wording of statutes, common law principles remain largely consistent and are applied in similar ways by courts in India and abroad. Rather than navigating stark differences, my experience in both systems complements my practice and allows me to approach disputes with a broader perspective, particularly in cross-border matters.

    Your legal expertise spans a broad array of fields, which is commendable. What advice would you offer young lawyers who aspire to build a diverse and successful legal career like yours? What skills, qualities, and mindset do you think are essential to thrive in today’s competitive and multifaceted legal environment?

    Building a diverse and successful legal career begins with a strong foundation. While specialization has its advantages, early exposure to different practice areas provides a broader understanding of the legal landscape and equips you to handle complex, multi-faceted matters. The ability to think critically and apply legal principles across domains is invaluable, allowing you to refine your focus over time based on your strengths and interests. Success in law goes beyond knowledge of statutes and precedents. It requires a problem-solving mindset, adaptability, and a commitment to continuous learning. In a field shaped by evolving regulations and judicial trends, those who stand out are not just those who work hard but those who work smart by seeking mentors, building strong professional relationships, and finding ways to distinguish themselves in a competitive environment.

    The reality of the profession is that it is not always a level playing field. Opportunities do not come equally to everyone, whether in securing internships, landing jobs, receiving promotions, or even in the way clients and courts perceive you. Merit is important, but it is not always enough on its own. Recognizing this early and focusing on positioning yourself strategically will help you navigate these challenges more effectively.

    Commitment to the profession often comes at the expense of personal time, with long hours and urgent matters disrupting plans. Flexibility and resilience are necessary to thrive in this demanding environment. Despite the challenges, the intellectual stimulation, career growth, and the impact you can create make the sacrifices worthwhile. If you remain dedicated, disciplined, and focused, the legal profession will offer immense rewards in the long run.

    Managing a demanding legal career while maintaining personal well-being is undoubtedly a challenge. How do you manage to strike a balance between your professional responsibilities and personal life, and what strategies do you use to ensure both aspects are in harmony?

    Balancing a demanding legal career with personal well-being is an ongoing challenge, and I would not say I have mastered it yet. It is a constant effort, with some days feeling overwhelming and others more manageable. There is no perfect formula, but I have learned to prioritize based on impact. When it comes to case preparation or any matter that directly affects a client, I ensure that I dedicate the necessary time and focus. However, when it is about networking or attending outreach events, I make a conscious effort to prioritize my personal life, spending time with family and friends.

    Time with family is something I deeply value, and I make it a point to take breaks whenever possible to step away from work and be with those who matter most. Even during busy periods, I find small ways to stay connected. For instance, while driving, I use the time to catch up with friends and family over calls, making the most of the uninterrupted hours in traffic. Striking a balance is not easy, but being intentional about how I spend my time helps ensure that both my professional commitments and personal well-being receive the attention they deserve.

    Get in touch with Ritunjay Gupta –

  • Good lawyers in this field will be versatile in their strategy, looking at how best to play the cards their clients have been dealt-Viren Mascarenhas, Partner at Milbank

    Good lawyers in this field will be versatile in their strategy, looking at how best to play the cards their clients have been dealt-Viren Mascarenhas, Partner at Milbank

    This interview has been published by  Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    Please tell us about your journey in the field of law and how you ultimately specialized in alternate dispute resolution, international commercial and investor arbitration, and public international law?

    I grew up mostly in Mumbai, India, but I received a full scholarship to do my undergraduate studies in the United States.  While my first degree in Economics gave me a solid basis for understanding how the world works, I subsequently pursued a law degree with the idealistic, energetic goal of trying to change how the world worked, in particular, addressing inequities between the Global South and the Global North.  

    While in law school, I took all of the core and foundational classes, but chose my electives to be different international law classes, such as trade law, law of the sea, human rights.  Those classes set the stage for my subsequent career in international dispute resolution.

    You’ve worked with various prestigious law firms and organizations throughout your career. How did each of these experiences contribute to your growth and expertise in the field of international law and arbitration?

    Receiving an offer to serve as a law clerk to H.E. President Rosalyn Higgins at the International Court of Justice during the 2005 to 2006 judicial term felt like being at the pinnacle of my career at its very start!  The ICJ is colloquially known as the “UN Court” or the “World Court.”  The Court’s docket was full during my term.  I worked on armed conflict between the DRC and Rwanda, transboundary environmental issues between Argentina and Uruguay, and the massive Genocide Convention case between Bosnia and Serbia.  The clerkship confirmed for me that I wanted to focus on international law disputes in some fashion.

    Accordingly, I submitted applications into the UN system online for all open vacancies in international law.  Those applications—painstakingly prepared—would vanish into the ether.  I usually never heard back or would hear back over a year later that the vacancy had been filled!

    However, I had success with one application (and all it takes is one!).  In 2007, I relocated to Freetown, Sierra Leone, to work as a Legal Officer at the Special Court for Sierra Leone.  The tribunal had been established to adjudicate responsibility for the war crimes committed in the country during its conflict.  The experience was eye-opening. Substantively, I learned about the application of international criminal law and working at an international organization.  Personally, observing the plight of the survivors and victims of the atrocities instilled in me that we should always try our best to achieve the greater good. 

    Still, I was not sure I was ready for a long-term career as an international civil servant.  I wanted to explore the rigors of private practice with the goal of becoming a better-trained lawyer.  I chose from various offers to join the International Arbitration Group at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, one of the best arbitration practices in the world, just before the Great Financial Recession hit in September 2008.  While at Freshfields, I got to work on some of the most complex investment and commercial arbitrations, particularly in the energy and extractives sector, such as Libananco v. Turkey, Burlington Resources v. Ecuador, and ConocoPhillips v. Venezuela.  Additionally, I did a ton of pro bono at the firm, representing individuals in asylum proceedings and providing legal advice on international human rights to prominent NGOs.  And, in my spare time (I did not sleep much, admittedly, when younger!), I was teaching at Columbia Law School.

    I felt that I had the best of all worlds—I was stimulated by complex commercial work; my matters had purpose; and I was able to interact with the best arbitrators in the world (Jan Paulsson!  Lucy Reed!) and the best young minds as well at Columbia Law School.  

    As a Partner at Milbank, you’ve been involved in a wide range of commercial arbitrations under various arbitral institution rules. Could you share with us a particularly challenging case you’ve worked on and how you navigated its complexities?

    To date, I have represented the government of Türkiye in five investment arbitrations over the course of my career.  Two cases stand out for me:  Cascade v. Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB/18/4, and Ipek v. Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB/18/18.  Of course, I cannot discuss anything that is legally privileged and/or confidential from those two matters.  But just a quick search in the public domain will reveal that these two disputes were profoundly important to Türkiye.  At a high level, the matters concerned the failed coup d’état of July 15, 2016, and pitted the Erdoğan administration against the followers of Fetullah Gulen.  So, issues of national security, terrorism, politics, and free speech were directly relevant to the two arbitrations.  Turkish outlets reported on these arbitrations as a fight for the heart and soul of Türkiye!

    After several years of intensely fought arbitration proceedings, Türkiye prevailed in both matters on jurisdictional grounds.  The tribunals found that the investors had committed an abuse of process by restructuring their investments to avail of bilateral investment treaty protection at times when their disputes with the government were underway or reasonably foreseeable.  

    These were immense victories that required me and my team to identify the legal elements of Türkiye’s defenses, and then marshal the evidence to demonstrate to the tribunals why those elements had been satisfied with the requisite burden of proof.  With regard to evidence, no stone was left unturned.  We reviewed publicly available sources extensively; interviewed government officials and witnesses from different ministries and agencies; and identified true experts who could opine on key issues related to the underlying matters.  But being technical about evidence is insufficient.  You have to present the facts and evidence in a narrative that is compelling, persuasive, and convinces the tribunal why to rule in your client’s favor.

    Your involvement in investor-state arbitration is quite notable, representing energy majors against several countries. Could you elaborate on the unique challenges and strategic considerations involved in these cases?

    Yes, I have represented investors in high-profile energy and mining disputes against governments all over the world, including Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Italy, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, Timor-Leste, Uruguay, and Venezuela.  I have also been instructed by several governments in their investment arbitration disputes.  These cases can be very complex because of the multiplicity of government actors involved (for example, the Ministry of Energy may be the focal point, but acts by the President’s Office, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of the Economy may also be relevant).  Government actors change over time, bringing in another layer of complexity.  Additionally, the heart of the dispute may not just be about politics (for example, reclaiming sovereignty over natural resources as the public policy goal of a government) but also economics (for example, high oil prices prompting implementation of windfall profit taxes or increased royalty rates).

    Good lawyers in this field will be versatile in their strategy, looking at how best to play the cards their clients have been dealt.  You likely will have to be technical (for example, reviewing administrative agency decisions to understand how environmental regulations relating to energy projects are implemented by local actors), creative (working with experts to construct a model of how the project would have been implemented but for the government’s alleged wrongful act), and comprehensive (seeing the story not just from the perspective of the government and the investor, but also impacted local communities and future generations). Ultimately, you have to understand the big picture yourself, and then figure out how to present that big picture to the tribunal clearly and compellingly.

    Besides your legal practice, you’re also an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University School of Law. How does teaching influence your own legal work, and what insights do you gain from engaging with students?

    I have been teaching as an Adjunct Professor at Columbia Law School for 14 years now, and I absolutely love it.  First, I went to CLS to obtain my JD, so being back on campus reminds me of how much I enjoyed my legal studies (and takes me back to my early 20s!).  Second, preparing for sharp, probing questions from my students keeps me on my toes.  I have to make sure I am fully up to date on the latest in international arbitration and am not just teaching from an outdated playbook.  Finally, listening to their views and perspectives makes me a better lawyer.  They may suggest novel ways of addressing a problem because they do not have preconceived notions.

    You’re actively involved in various organizations focusing on international justice, business and human rights, and more. How do these extracurricular roles complement your legal career and contribute to your personal mission?

     I went to law school with the idealistic goal of helping to make the world a better place!  Therefore, it has always been very important to me to be active in pro bono matters to help serve those who cannot afford access to justice.  I still remember the full panoply of emotions I felt as a second-year lawyer when I was able to secure asylum for my then-teenage client in the United States when he fled persecution in Colombia.  (He subsequently obtained his undergraduate degree from New York University and is now a successful teacher!).

    Given that I spend my time practicing public international law and international arbitration, I focus my pro bono and philanthropic efforts on those two areas where I have a comparative advantage.  That translates into work on international human rights and international justice.  I am proud to serve on the Board of Directors of The Global Justice Center, which focuses on gender-equality in post-conflict societies that is achieved through legal advocacy.  I am also a Director of International Independent Legal Advocates, which helps to level the playing field for developing and small countries who are negotiating complex multilateral treaties and lack the resources and time needed to be effective negotiators.

    By the way, all this work reinforces my own billable legal practice.  I am often approached by corporations or governments to work on commercial disputes that might implicate human rights issues.  For example, many of my extractives and energy matters concern not just economic issues of supply, demand, prices, force majeure, taxes, etc., but also environmental issues and consideration of impacted stakeholders such as indigenous communities in the relevant areas.  Some of the relevant experience I have gathered to take on these matters comes from my pro bono practice.

    You’ve been recognized with numerous accolades and awards for your contributions to the field. How does this recognition affect your approach to your work and your commitment to advancing international law and arbitration?

     You are kind to mention that I have received accolades for my work in international arbitration and as a lawyer generally.  I am always grateful for recognition from my peers, clients, and others for the work that I am doing.  And, at an earlier stage in your career when you are still establishing your bona fides, external accolades and awards can help convince clients that you have the wherewithal to lead their complex matters.  

    Ultimately, though, it is the work that matters.  Recognition usually comes from doing good work.  Doing good work usually requires hard work, dedication, and, frankly, plodding.  I spent many late nights focused on the task at hand—preparing for hearings, finalizing briefs—instead of dreaming about awards!  But I enjoy the “doing,” and the rest that might follow—recognition, accolades, whatnot—is (very enjoyable!) icing on the cake.  

    Lastly, with your extensive experience and success in the legal field, what advice would you offer to fresh law graduates who are just starting their careers, particularly those interested in pursuing a path similar to yours in international law and arbitration?

    Here is what I can suggest based on my experience.  

    First, be flexible.  I spent the summer between my first and second years of law school doing project finance at Milbank.  This seemed like a sensible practice area given that I was interested in development work and thought I would return to India/Asia to work.  However, I realized that I was more inclined to be a disputes lawyer, which led to the career I have described.  But now, two decades into my career, I am back at Milbank leading the international arbitration group.  Unsurprisingly, I spend a lot of time working with my project finance partners—but am not part of the project finance group!  After all, some of the mega projects that Milbank’s project finance team work on could run into disputes, either with the government (giving rise to investment arbitration), or between project company and contractors/subcontractors (giving rise to construction arbitration), or between the project company and offtakers (giving rise to commercial arbitrations). You never know how the story might unfold.

    Second, always, but especially when you are in the early stages of your career, be open to possibilities.  Within five years of graduating from law school, I had clerked at the International Court of Justice, served as a Legal Officer at the Special Court for Sierra Leone, and been a mid-level associate at a top law firm doing international arbitration. While I always had an eye to the future, I focused primarily on what I could learn from each of those amazing opportunities, which were all different from each other.  The result was a broad training in international law, on which I have built my private practice. 

    Third, try to get the most out of what is immediately in front of you, avoiding a “what next” way of thinking.  I was – and am! –ambitious, which sometimes translates into wondering what lies around the corner.  But the most enjoyable moments of my career are when I lose myself in my work—editing a complex section of the brief, preparing for and then undertaking a cross-examination at a hearing, reading the material and then engaging my students on the latest developments in international arbitration.  

    Relatedly, choose to do things because you enjoy them and not always because they could translate into career success.  For example, I studied conversational Spanish with a Venezuelan refugee in The Hague when I was clerking at the International Court of Justice out of a love for the language (based on reading English translations of books by Isabel Allende and Gabriel García Márquez in college) and a desire to work with refugees in the United States when I completed my clerkship.  Little did I know that my Spanish would come in handy later on when I embarked on several major investment arbitrations involving South American governments!  

    Fourth, do not be too hard on yourself.  A successful career is one that is built over time.  There will be ups but inevitably there will also be downs.  Some of those downs will be the consequence of things you cannot not control, at least in part.  Do your best based on the circumstances you find yourself in to change what you can and let go of the rest. 

    Get in touch with Viren Mascarenhas-

  • The legal field is going to be challenging in the start no matter what one may choose to be their practice area- Divya Hazra, International Corporate Lawyer and Co-Founder, Esplora Consulting Law Firm

    The legal field is going to be challenging in the start no matter what one may choose to be their practice area- Divya Hazra, International Corporate Lawyer and Co-Founder, Esplora Consulting Law Firm

    This interview has been published by Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    Ma’am, can you please tell us about your educational background and how you ended up pursuing law at Columbia Law School?

    I moved to Mumbai in 2008 to pursue my bachelors in law degree from Government Law College (GLC). After graduating from GLC Mumbai I started my career in the real estate team of the law firm Wadia Gandhy & Co. post which I joined the real estate team at JSA during the course of which I also got the opportunity to work on a few corporate deals. It is during this transition that I realised that I truly enjoy corporate law. To further hone my skills in corporate law, I decided to pursue my masters at Columbia Law School, New York where my course work was focused on corporate law.

    You co-founded a boutique law firm in Shanghai tailored to serve Indian multinational companies. What motivated you to establish this firm, and what challenges did you face in the process?

    When I moved to China, I got the opportunity to engage in a lot of business development activities. It is at this stage that I realised that along with being a lawyer I thoroughly enjoyed being an entrepreneur as well which made me want to explore the business side of the legal industry more. This is what motivated me to establish a firm along with my partners from Central Asia and China. 

    The legal industry is extremely competitive as there are so many players in the market. Considering my firm is relatively new in the market, we always have to go the extra mile to gain the trust of our clients to get more engagements from them. This continues to be a challenge but at the same time motivates my whole team to deliver better results.

    During the course of your career, you have had the opportunity to represent large private equity funds, corporations, and banks in domestic and cross-border transactions across China, India and USA. Could you share some of the most memorable or impactful transactions you’ve worked on and the lessons you’ve learned from them?

    While I was working at Trilegal, we represented the Edelweiss Group on an investment of USD 75 Million from Kora Management. This transaction till date has been the most challenging yet impactful transaction for me so far as this investment was spread across multiple business lines under the Edelweiss Group and some being in the financial sector was heavily regulated. The timeline for this deal was also very short which added to the complexity. Despite these challenges, I learnt how to manage strict deadlines and drafted complex deal documents which helped me grow as a corporate lawyer. 

    As for China, my whole experience has been a huge learning curve. Not only does language add a challenge but also having to learn the nuisances of practicing law in a civil law country has been extremely challenging yet exciting at the same time.

    You have been recognized as one of the “Top 10 Women Leaders from China” by Women Entrepreneur Magazine in India. Can you tell us about your experience as a female leader in the legal field and any challenges you have faced?

    Being in an industry which is primarily male dominated is challenging as there are some unconscious bias which exist. However, I think I have been fortunate to have worked with the right people and right team who have always seen the value I can bring to the table despite being of the opposite gender. That being said in a few instances where I have felt that bias, I have not shied away from being outspoken and standing up for what I am deserving of. 

    Lastly, based on your experiences and success in the legal field, what advice would you give to fresh graduates who are considering a career in law?

    The legal field is going to be challenging in the start no matter what one may choose to be their practice area. It is however through consistency and hard work that you can excel in the field of law. Like they say “there are no short cuts to success” and in my experience this is particularly true if one is considering a career in law.