You have a varied educational background, beginning with a B.A. from Delhi University and later pursuing a law degree at Law College Dehradun. What prompted you to transition to a career in law?
My journey from Delhi University to Law College Dehradun was driven by a deep-seated desire to make a meaningful impact on society. While pursuing my B.A., I was captivated by the dynamics of governance, human rights, and justice systems. Law became the natural path to combine my academic interests with my aspiration to serve. It’s a profession that allows you to challenge societal injustices while empowering others—a responsibility I have always embraced with great passion.
You have worked as an Advocate and Legal Researcher in various courts in Delhi and Haryana, as well as with the Human Rights Commission, Tribunals, and Consumer Forums during your initial years of practice. What were the key learning experiences that shaped your career?
Those early years were transformative. Working across courts, commissions, and tribunals taught me the power of resilience, precision, and empathy in legal practice. I learned that every case, no matter how small, represents a life impacted by law. From drafting intricate arguments to navigating complex human rights cases, each experience honed my ability to analyze issues critically and offer pragmatic solutions. These formative years also reinforced my commitment to justice as more than a principle—it became my purpose.
You served as the Court Manager and CPIO at the National Green Tribunal (NGT) for six years. Could you share with our readers how you obtained that role and what your experiences were like working for a government organisation like the NGT?
My role at the NGT was a significant milestone. I was selected based on my judicial experience and my proficiency in legal administration. At the NGT, I had the privilege of streamlining court operations, managing Right to Information (RTI) requests, and contributing to the Tribunal’s mission of ensuring environmental justice. Working in a government organization taught me the value of efficiency, collaboration, and innovation in addressing urgent environmental issues. It was a rare opportunity to be at the intersection of law, governance, and sustainability.
With 14 years of diverse experience across various fields, you have also worked as a Teaching Associate (Law) at LBSNAA in Mussoorie, Uttarakhand. What inspired you to pursue a career in academia, and do you have plans to return to teaching in the future?
Academia is where knowledge meets inspiration. My tenure at LBSNAA allowed me to shape the legal perspective of future civil servants, which was immensely rewarding. Teaching is a two-way process—you give, but you also learn. It inspired me to think deeply about the evolution of law and its practical application. While my current focus is legal practice, I remain passionate about academia and hope to return to teaching, as empowering young minds is one of the most impactful ways to contribute to society.
Could you share your preparation strategies that helped you crack the Rajasthan Judicial Services Exam and become a Civil Judge and Metropolitan Magistrate?
Success in judicial services exams is not about rote memorization but mastering the art of analysis. I approached my preparation with a structured plan, focusing on understanding core legal concepts, landmark judgments, and procedural nuances. Consistent revisions, daily answer writing, and solving previous years’ papers were my pillars of preparation. I also cultivated a habit of staying updated with contemporary legal developments, as awareness of real-world issues is crucial for anyone aspiring to the judiciary.
Serving as a Judicial Officer in the Rajasthan Judicial Services must have been a challenging role, dealing with various court-related matters. What was the most challenging experience in that position of authority that you’d like to share with our readers?
One of the most profound challenges I faced was adjudicating emotionally charged family disputes. These cases are not just about applying laws; they require a delicate balance of empathy, fairness, and legal reasoning. As a Judicial Officer, every decision carries immense weight, impacting lives and shaping perceptions of justice. Those moments taught me the true meaning of responsibility and the need to approach every case with integrity and compassion.
After working as a Judicial Officer for three years, what led you to leave the Judicial Services to establish your own practice at the Supreme Court, handling civil, criminal, and service matters?
My transition from the judiciary to independent practice was guided by a desire to explore broader legal challenges and contribute to precedent-setting cases. The judiciary taught me the importance of impartiality and due process, which I now bring to my practice at the Supreme Court. Handling civil, criminal, and service matters allows me to address complex legal issues while advocating for justice on behalf of individuals and institutions alike. This shift has been deeply fulfilling, as it allows me to combine my judicial insights with advocacy.
What advice would you give to young aspirants who wish to pursue a successful career in law and Judicial Services?
To all aspiring lawyers and judicial officers: Stay curious, stay committed, and never lose sight of your purpose. Master the fundamentals of law, but also nurture qualities like resilience, empathy, and adaptability. For judicial aspirants, focus on clarity of concepts, regular practice, and an unwavering belief in yourself. Remember, this profession demands hard work, but it also offers unparalleled opportunities to make a difference. Always strive to serve justice with integrity, and success will follow.
Welcome to SuperLawyer, Mr. Rishabh Gandhi! We’re excited to have you here with us today.
Thank you so much for having me here! It’s truly a pleasure to be speaking with you, and I’m looking forward to our conversation.
We’re going to ask you a few questions about your journey as a lawyer, academician, judge, and your general experiences in life and learning. Shall we begin?
Certainly! I’m all yours. I’m looking forward to sharing my experiences and thoughts.
Your academic journey is truly distinguished, including topping the MPSC interview, being a Gold Medalist, achieving top ranks as a university topper, receiving the Chief Minister’s appreciation, winning in national research, debates, and moot court competitions, presenting and publishing internationally, and now as a PhD research scholar of law and religion with a thriving legal practice. How have these accomplishments shaped your legal practice, and how do you integrate these experiences into your daily work as a lawyer?
(Smiling after hearing the question) Ah, now I get why your team was so keen on my CV!
My academic journey has been truly fulfilling. Coming from a Marathi medium background until the 12th standard, English was my 5th language, so the early years were certainly challenging. I had to work harder, learn faster, and adapt quickly. But once I found my rhythm, I was able to keep pace.
I wouldn’t say I was the most brilliant or intelligent, but I was certainly the most sincere. Looking back now, these accomplishments don’t seem as significant as they once did, but at the time, each one pushed me to work a little harder and aim a little higher.
What I truly gained from this journey was a deep appreciation for sincerity and hard work. These values have shaped my approach to everything—whether it’s diving deep into legal research or crafting arguments for arbitration and litigation.
The discipline of thorough preparation, structuring complex arguments logically, and presenting them persuasively—all stem from the principles that guided me throughout my academic years.
And perhaps, more than anything, it’s about maintaining that sense of curiosity—always wanting to learn more, to dig deeper, and to apply that knowledge in ways that can truly make a difference, whether in the courtroom or beyond.
Clerking with Hon’ble Justice Dr. D. Y. Chandrachud at the Bombay High Court, interning at Fox Mandal and other law firms, and working with firms like J S Wad & Co. and Karnik and Karnik Advocates must have been highly formative experiences. Could you share any particularly interesting or challenging situation from these roles and what you learned from it?
I vividly remember my first day clerking with Justice Chandrachud—it was November 11th, his birthday, and in the evening after court hours. I walked into his ante chamber and introduced myself, and he responded by saying, ‘Hello, I am Dhananjay.’ A senior high court judge introducing himself with his first name—it was remarkable. I was nothing compared to his stature, yet his humility and grace left a lasting impression on me.
I also recall how Justice Chandrachud would take a bag full of files home with him every day, preparing for the next day’s work. His dedication and commitment to preparation were powerful lessons that have stayed with me throughout my career. I still think about the case we discussed involving Section 295A of the IPC and Section 95 of the CrPC before a full bench. His depth of analysis was inspiring and shaped my approach to complex legal issues.
(Pauses, reflecting) At Karnik and Karnik Advocates, I learned the ABCs of civil procedure. It was the first time I appeared in court, even if it was just for an adjournment. But for me, it was a big opportunity to successfully convince the judge. I also gained my first experience drafting plaints, applications, and written statements. I’ll never forget one incident during the Facebook era—I was in the court chambers during lunch, using the office computer to check Facebook, when suddenly my senior walked in! Panicking, instead of closing the page, I shut off the computer—losing hours of unsaved work. It was a naive mistake, but it taught me two valuable lessons: never mix social media with work and always save your files—Ctrl + S became my best friend after that! (Chuckles)
(Pauses, then continues) At J S Wad & Co., I had the opportunity to handle civil and commercial disputes from start to finish. I was heavily involved in drafting, arguing interim and final matters, and conducting witness examinations and cross-examinations. I even got a taste of the corporate working style.
Turning down an MNC offer to pursue litigation must have been a significant decision, especially as a first-generation lawyer practicing away from your hometown. What factors influenced that choice, and how did you navigate the obstacles you faced early in your career? Reflecting on your journey, what advice would you give to others in similar positions who may be considering a similar path?
The offer from Infosys appeared quite lucrative, but I wasn’t drawn to the job profile. I felt that litigation and dispute resolution were where I truly belonged. Litigation is fascinating—each day brings new challenges, different cases, different people.
In the beginning, there were financial challenges, but over time, you find your rhythm. I’m happy I chose litigation over that offer, and if I had to make the decision today, I’d still do the same.
For those starting out, don’t focus on money early on. There will be struggles, but with patience and perseverance, the rewards will come. Patience is the key.
Your time as a Trial Court Judge must have offered unique insights into the legal process. Can you share an experience that challenged your views or required you to rethink your approach to law?
(Pauses, reflecting) As a Civil Judge and Judicial Magistrate, I had the opportunity to handle many complex partition suits relating to agricultural lands, specific performance suits, and injunction cases. These matters required extensive reading and strengthened my understanding of contractual obligations. I particularly recall granting a status quo ante in a case, which required deep thought and careful consideration.
Apart from that, I also served as a judicial member of the Juvenile Justice Board. Handling juveniles was quite different—it required a more humane and understanding approach. The process and environment were kept less formal to make it less intimidating for the juveniles. It was challenging, but also incredibly rewarding.
In my time as a Magistrate in criminal cases, I often encountered witnesses turning hostile. Navigating those situations required quick thinking, patience, and adaptability.
I must also mention the incredible training we received from the Maharashtra Judicial Academy. The training was rigorous and went beyond legal skills—it worked on discipline and integrity as well. The academy instilled a strong ethical foundation in us, which has shaped my approach to every case since.
Why did you leave the judiciary? What motivated you to transition from the judiciary back to legal practice, and how has your experience as a judge influenced your work in arbitration and litigation?
Why did I leave the judiciary? That’s a question I’ve been answering since 2016, and it still follows me! There’s no single reason, but I’ll share some pivotal moments.
The thought of resigning first crossed my mind just two months into my appointment when my leave application for my pre-planned wedding was rejected by the Principal District Judge. Fortunately, after escalating the matter to the Bombay High Court, the Principal District Judge was directed to grant me two days of leave.
However, that wasn’t the reason I ultimately left. After completing my training and taking charge, I enjoyed my work in the judiciary. But over time, there were some health issues and personal reasons. After much reflection, I made the decision to step down. I paid the compensation for the bond to the Government and resigned.
That said, my experience as a judge continues to shape my work in arbitration and litigation. Sitting on the bench taught me how arguments are perceived, what judges prioritize, and the importance of precision in presenting a case. I apply these lessons in every case I handle, whether it’s arbitration or litigation, giving me a more well-rounded approach to dispute resolution
You’ve handled high-profile cases, including the defamation case involving Justice P. B. Sawant and the Osho will forgery case. How did you approach these complex cases, and what lessons did they teach you about advocacy?
The Osho will forgery case was incredibly complex. It involved multiple police statements and a voluminous record, with the media closely watching. The case required detailed preparation, touching on international legal aspects like letters rogatory, multi-country assets, and the accused residing in another country who was never arrested. The police investigation had its flaws, and the case is now sub judice before the appellate court, but it remains one of the most interesting cases I’ve worked on.
As for Justice P. B. Sawant’s defamation case, I was retained by J. S. Wad & Co. as the advocate on record, alongside Late Adv. Nahar in the trial court. The case involved Times Now mistakenly displaying Justice Sawant’s photo and name in connection with a scam involving another judge, Justice Samanta. The trial was intense, with many witnesses and considerable media attention.
In the end, the court ruled in our favor, ordering Times Now to pay ₹100 crore in damages, though the case is now under appeal. The judge didn’t just refer to one of my submissions but actually included it in her judgment. I had quoted the Bhagavad Gita, where Lord Krishna tells Arjuna that damage to one’s reputation is worse than death, and she wrote that shloka verbatim in her decision.
Both of these cases taught me that working on minute details is crucial. As lawyers, we must not only refer to laws and precedents but also draw inspiration from broader sources, like the Gita in this case. It reminded me that advocacy goes beyond legal knowledge; it involves a deeper understanding of context and philosophy as well.
With experience in commercial litigation, real estate, and arbitration, how do you manage the demands of these different areas? Are there common challenges across these fields, and how do you address them?
In commercial litigation, the parties are typically corporate entities, which means communication must be prompt, and clients expect regular updates. Having a strong understanding of contract law and specific reliefs is essential, but it’s also about thinking with a businessperson’s perspective. You need to understand the business context in which the dispute arises to offer strategic legal solutions that align with the client’s goals.
Real estate, on the other hand, presents its own unique challenges. One of the biggest is untangling complex revenue records and land ownership histories. Real estate disputes often involve intricate, layered documentation, and resolving these disputes requires a meticulous approach to both historical and legal records.
Arbitration brings a different set of challenges. Domestic arbitration, especially when led by retired judges, has unfortunately become time-consuming, resembling traditional court processes. International arbitration, particularly institutional ones, tends to be more streamlined, although the complexity of cases can be higher due to jurisdictional issues. Arbitration has also become more expensive, and recently, the Government of India has discouraged arbitration for government-related cases below ₹10 crores in value.
It’s clear that Indian arbitration stakeholders need to reflect on this trend and revisit how the process can be streamlined. Making domestic arbitration more cost-effective and efficient is essential for restoring faith in the system. Across all these fields—whether commercial litigation, real estate, or arbitration—careful preparation, client communication, and strategic thinking are key to managing the demands and challenges effectively.
Arbitration is becoming increasingly important in India. What trends do you observe in this area, and how do you see arbitration evolving in the future, particularly in light of recent legal developments?
The legal profession is undergoing significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly AI. How do you view the role of AI in law, and do you see it as more of an opportunity or a challenge?
AI is playing an increasingly important role in law, and I see it as more of an opportunity than a challenge. Tools like live streaming, live transcription, and auto-dictation are revolutionizing court proceedings, making them more transparent and efficient. Research has become easier with AI-powered tools that can analyze case law and statutes in seconds. These advancements allow lawyers to focus more on strategy and less on routine tasks. However, it’s vital to remember that while AI can enhance efficiency, it can never replace human judgment, empathy, and ethics in legal practice. So, while AI is a powerful tool, it should complement human expertise rather than replace it.
Looking ahead, what do you see as the most significant trends or challenges that will shape the future of the legal profession? What skills and attributes will be most crucial for young lawyers in this evolving landscape?
(Pauses, reflecting) Looking ahead, the legal profession will be shaped by several transformative trends. Technology, particularly AI, will continue to streamline legal processes, but it will challenge lawyers to balance efficiency with human judgment. Globalization will intensify cross-border disputes, and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms like arbitration will become even more prominent as courts face backlogs.
For young lawyers, adaptability and technical proficiency will be crucial, but patience will be equally important. This is not a profession that yields instant rewards. You need to give it time—years, even—before it truly bears fruit. It’s essential to build a solid foundation of experience, knowledge, and client trust, which only comes with time. Emotional intelligence, resilience, and a strong ethical foundation will remain indispensable as well.
Patience, combined with a willingness to embrace new challenges, will set apart those who not only succeed but thrive in this evolving landscape.
Reflecting on your career, what have been some of the most important lessons you’ve learned? Were there any experiences that particularly shaped your philosophy as a lawyer?
(Pauses, reflecting) One of the most important lessons I’ve learned throughout my career is that patience and persistence are key. As the Mahabharata says, धैर्यं सर्वत्र साधनम्। ‘Patience is the solution to everything.’ Success in law takes time—years, even—and it’s essential to build a solid foundation before you see the real rewards. Equally important is humility. Be humble; humility helps. As the shloka says: अश्वस्य भूषणं वेगो मत्तस्य भूषणं क्षमा। वश्यस्य भूषणं विद्या विनयः शीलस्य भूषणम्।। ‘The ornament of a horse is its speed, of an elephant, its forgiveness; the ornament of a wise person is knowledge, and of character, humility. You don’t need to exhibit your knowledge or oratory skills to impress the courtroom. Instead, focus on persuading the judge. Argue to convince, not to show off. Don’t play to the gallery—play to the judge. It’s about expressing to persuade, not expressing to impress.”
This version effectively integrates the shloka with your original thoughts, reinforcing the importance of humility and persuasive advocacy in law.I’ve also learned that every suit has its own fate. You may feel you have a favorable case, or the law is on your side, or you’ve argued brilliantly, but the outcome might still go against you. Likewise, there are times when the facts and law aren’t favorable, and yet you receive a favorable order. Don’t let outcomes—favorable or otherwise—affect your state of mind. Remember, there’s always an appeal in case of an unfavorable judgment.
Networking is crucial in this profession, as is clear communication with your clients. Always be transparent and never give false hope. Be clear about the realities and complexities of their cases.
Above all, READ. You must constantly educate yourself. Reading will always be your most powerful tool in law. And finally, respect your peers, whether senior or junior. It’s important to show respect to opposing lawyers, as professional courtesy will always take you further.
With your extensive experience in trial court practice, what do you believe are the most critical skills or mindsets for young lawyers who want to succeed in litigation?
(Pauses, reflecting) For young lawyers entering litigation, several critical skills and mindsets are key to success. Preparation is everything—mastering the facts and anticipating courtroom questions is vital. Patience and persistence are equally important, as litigation is a long journey with inevitable setbacks.
Cross-examination skills are crucial: knowing what to ask, what not to ask, and how to read a witness can make or break a case. Understanding the foundational principles of evidence and a deep knowledge of procedural laws are essential. Minute procedural understanding ensures that you’re not caught off-guard by technicalities.
Communication is key, both in court and with your client. And finally, humility and respect—towards judges, staff, and opposing counsel—are non-negotiable. Litigation isn’t just about legal knowledge; it’s also about how you conduct yourself professionally.
As someone deeply involved in both legal practice and academia, what areas of law do you think need more attention in legal education? How can law schools better prepare students for the practical challenges they will face in the profession?
There are a few areas in legal education that I believe need more attention. First, there needs to be a greater focus on procedural law and its practical applications. Many young lawyers enter practice without a deep understanding of procedural intricacies, which can be critical in litigation.
Cross-examination techniques and understanding the nuances of evidence law should also be emphasized more. Law schools should introduce more hands-on training, such as moot courts, mock trials, internships, and regular court visits, to provide practical insights into how the legal system operates and bridge the gap between theory and practice.
Research skill enhancement is vital, as the ability to conduct thorough legal research underpins strong advocacy. Moot courts and mock trials are invaluable for simulating real-world courtroom experience, while regular court visits provide students with a real-time understanding of courtroom proceedings. Internships allow students to apply what they’ve learned in real-life scenarios, helping them gain practical exposure.
Moreover, legal education should adopt a multidisciplinary approach, integrating subjects like business, technology, and international law, which are increasingly relevant in today’s legal landscape. Finally, developing skills like client management, ethics, oratory, debating skills, and clear communication—often learned on the job—should be incorporated into curricula to better prepare students for the profession’s demands.
Your role as an Arbitrator and Mediator offers a unique perspective. What trends do you observe in dispute resolution in India, and how do you see the future of arbitration and mediation evolving?
In recent years, there’s been a noticeable shift toward arbitration and mediation, with more businesses seeking quicker and less adversarial alternatives to litigation. However, domestic arbitration in India is becoming slower and more expensive as many arbitrators, particularly retired judges, follow procedures resembling court litigation. This is a trend that Indian stakeholders need to revisit to ensure arbitration remains efficient and cost-effective.
On the other hand, international arbitrations, particularly institutional ones, are more streamlined and efficient, despite the complexity of the cases. The processes are smoother, and parties benefit from a structured framework. One recent development is the government’s decision to discourage arbitration for disputes under ₹10 crores in value for government contracts, which raises questions about the accessibility of arbitration for smaller cases.
Mediation is also growing in acceptance, particularly in commercial disputes and family matters. Its ability to resolve disputes amicably without prolonged court involvement is being increasingly recognized. I believe mediation will continue to evolve, with a focus on better training for mediators and a more robust framework for implementation.
A model that I think has great potential in India is Arb-Med-Arb. This hybrid approach allows parties to begin with arbitration, transition to mediation to seek a collaborative solution, and return to arbitration if mediation fails. It combines the best of both processes, reducing the adversarial nature of disputes while ensuring a final, enforceable resolution through arbitration. I see a bright future for Arb-Med-Arb, especially in complex commercial and civil matters.
You’ve been a visiting professor at many law colleges and frequently give guest lectures. How has your experience been in these academic roles?
Teaching is, to me, one of the most pious professions. I genuinely enjoy it, and I believe one learns a lot while teaching. The curiosity and enthusiasm of students are always fascinating. I fondly remember giving coffee lectures under the trees at one college—those informal discussions were some of the most memorable. I also cherish moments like when a class at ILS Law College, Pune, choreographed a dance on the last day of my lecture—it was such a sweet gesture, and I’ll treasure it forever.
One of the most rewarding experiences is seeing my former students standing across from me in court, arguing passionately. It makes me feel incredibly proud to see how far they’ve come and to know that I played a small part in their journey.
You manage a team of lawyers and paralegals while running a boutique law firm in Pune. What are some of the challenges you face in operating the firm, especially when dealing with high attrition rates? Is it difficult to manage and sustain a law firm in such a competitive environment?
High attrition rates are a universal challenge for law firms, and the key is to avoid becoming overly reliant on any one individual. You need to operate with the understanding that any employee may submit their notice at any time, which is why strong management and delegation skills are so important.
Some lawyers struggle with delegation—they prefer to handle everything themselves. However, effective delegation allows you to focus on high-priority work without micromanaging. Trusting your team empowers them and creates an efficient workflow while enabling you to invest time in strategic decisions.
Balancing client expectations, case management, and team dynamics can be challenging, but with clear leadership, a vision, and consistent professional development, it becomes manageable. Ultimately, running a successful law firm is about nurturing relationships—both with the team and clients—while ensuring everyone is aligned with the firm’s goals.
With your demanding career, how do you manage to unwind and find balance in your life? Are there any hobbies or activities that help you recharge and stay grounded amidst your busy schedule?
Balancing work and life is tricky, but I make it a priority because it’s essential to stay sharp. I wish I could say my hobbies include something fancy like golf or late-night partying! But I’m quite simple—a good book, good food and a solid night’s sleep, and I’m happy. Eating is honestly my hobby! I love trying different vegetarian cuisines, and sleep is my ultimate relaxation.
I enjoy visiting temples, especially old ones. I find a sense of peace there that helps me reconnect with myself. I also enjoy Family get-togethers, meetings with friends, beach vacations. It’s all about finding balance, and in the end, it’s the little things that keep me grounded and ready for the challenges ahead.
Reflecting on your diverse career, what advice would you give to aspiring lawyers or young professionals who are just starting their journey in law? What mindset or approach has been most valuable to you, and what would you encourage them to focus on as they build their own path?
For aspiring lawyers and young professionals, I would say: patience, persistence, and humility are key. The legal profession is a long game—success doesn’t come overnight, and you’ll face your share of challenges and setbacks. Embrace the process, and don’t focus solely on the end result. Learn from every case, whether you win or lose.
We must always remember the wisdom from Hitopadesha: उद्यमेन हि सिद्ध्यन्ति कार्याणि न मनोरथैः। न हि सुप्तस्य सिंहस्य प्रविशन्ति मुखे मृगाः।। ‘Success is achieved through effort, not by mere dreams. A deer doesn’t enter the mouth of a sleeping lion.’ With this in mind, we must put in all the efforts required.
Most importantly, maintain integrity. Be ethical in your dealings with clients, colleagues, and the court. Focus on continuous learning—read widely, stay curious, and never stop honing your craft. And remember, law is not just about knowing the law; it’s about understanding people, managing relationships, and balancing the technical with the human side of the profession. If you can do that, you’ll go far.
Could you please introduce yourself to our readers and share with us how you decided to pursue a career in law? What challenges did you encounter when starting your career, and how did you overcome them?
Hello, readers. My name is Sapna Patwa, and I am a former judge who served in the Madhya Pradesh judiciary for 8 years. Currently, I am practicing at the High Court of Madhya Pradesh.
My journey into pursuing a career in law has been a unique one, filled with challenges. Initially, after completing my undergraduate and postgraduate studies in commerce (M.Com), I got married, thereafter I took a break from academics to focus on raising my children. However, after a gap of six years, my husband encouraged me to continue my education, and it was his support and motivation that reignited my passion for learning.
In my first year of pursuing my LL.M, I became acquainted with the field of judicial services. Learning about this path sparked my interest, and from then on, I dedicated myself to prepare for it. Despite the challenges of balancing familial responsibilities and academic pursuits, I persevered with the unwavering support of my husband and mother.
The journey towards becoming a judge was not without any obstacles. Studying law after a significant gap presented its own set of challenges, but through determination and hard work, I overcame them. Additionally, preparing for the judiciary exams required immense dedication and focus, but with perseverance and the grace of the lord, I was able to successfully clear the Madhya Pradesh Civil Judge exam in my second attempt.
I am deeply grateful for the unwavering support of my family, especially my husband and mother, whose encouragement has been instrumental in my journey. As I continued to serve in the legal profession, I remained committed to upholding justice and making a positive impact in the lives of those I serve.
Your journey from a civil Judge to managing director at Legal House is inspiring. Can you share a pivotal moment or decision that led you to transition from the bench to advocacy and legal consultancy?
As a civil judge, I found that dispensing justice from the bench had its limitations. Working within the confines of the judiciary restricted my ability to reach out to a broader segment of society. Conversely, transitioning to advocacy and legal consultancy allowed me to assist a greater number of underserved individuals by being actively involved in the community. This realization prompted me to make the transition from the bench to advocacy and legal consultancy.
Your dedication to educating and guiding aspiring legal professionals is evident. What motivated you to become a guest lecturer and a mock interview panelist at Judiciary Gold, and how has this experience influenced your approach to practicing law?
My decision to become a guest lecturer and mock interview panelist at Judiciary Gold was driven by the challenges I encountered while preparing for judiciary exams myself. I struggled to find proper guidance and support during that time, and I realized that many others were facing similar difficulties. This motivated me to become a lecturer, so I could provide aspiring legal professionals with the guidance and support I wished I had received.
By sharing my knowledge and experiences, I aim to help them navigate the complexities of legal examinations more effectively. This experience has shown me the importance of mentorship and education in the legal profession. It has also deepened my understanding of the challenges faced by aspiring legal professionals and the need for adequate resources and support.
Engaging with students has not only allowed me to give back to the legal community but has also enhanced my own understanding of legal concepts and principles. Overall, my role as a guest lecturer and mock interview panelist has been a rewarding experience, benefiting both the aspiring legal professionals and myself.
As a former Judge, you’ve presided over numerous sensitive family law cases. Can you share a particularly challenging case that left a lasting impact on you and shaped your perspective on family law and justice?
As a former judge, I’ve dealt with many difficult family law cases that have shaped my perspective on justice. One case that stands out involved a bitter dispute between two parents over custody of their children. The hostility between them made finding a resolution incredibly challenging. Despite my efforts to encourage cooperation, their deep-seated emotions hindered progress.
What made this case especially tough was seeing the impact on the children caught in the middle. Their well-being was overshadowed by their parents’ conflict, which took a toll on their emotional health. Witnessing this reinforced the importance of prioritizing the children’s best interests in family law proceedings.
This experience deepened my understanding of the complexities of family law and the need for empathy in resolving disputes. It also strengthened my commitment to promoting cooperation between parents and protecting children’s welfare.
While cases like these can be emotionally draining, they remind us of the importance of our role in shaping the lives of those we serve, especially in family law matters.
Your involvement as a legal advisor for the All India Chief Life Insurance Welfare Association showcases your commitment to community service. How has this role allowed you to make a positive impact beyond the courtroom?
Being a legal advisor for the All India Chief Life Insurance Welfare Association (CLIA) fills me with pride. It’s a chance to handle various cases from all over India, which goes beyond just courtroom work.
Helping a larger community is incredibly fulfilling. By giving free legal advice to CLIA members, I not only inform them about their rights but also educate them on legal procedures and options. This knowledge empowers them to make informed decisions that can improve their lives.
This role allows me to make a real, positive impact on individuals and families. It’s rewarding to know that my work contributes to their well-being and empowerment outside of formal legal proceedings.
Overall, being a legal advisor for the CLIA lets me continue my commitment to community service and create meaningful change in people’s lives, beyond what happens in the courtroom.
Given your extensive experience, what advice would you give to young legal professionals aspiring to pursue a career in the judiciary or legal consultancy?
For young legal professionals aiming for a career in the judiciary or legal consultancy, here’s some advice. If you’re leaning towards becoming a judge, it’s important to intern in a court for around 2 to 3 years. This hands-on experience will give you a practical understanding of how to handle cases effectively. Remember, both fields offer diverse opportunities, so choose based on what aligns with your strengths and interests. It’s important to consider your own nature and abilities when deciding.
Starting Legal House was indeed a significant undertaking for me. Leaving my honorable post was not an easy decision, but it was my family’s encouragement and support that motivated me to pursue a career as an advocate. My husband played a vital role in helping me build a client base, while my son assisted me in establishing Legal House. Despite facing challenges, such as transitioning from a prestigious position to advocateship, their support made the journey possible.
Beyond your legal career, what are some of your personal hobbies or interests that you enjoy pursuing in your free time?
Outside of my legal career, I find fulfillment in exploring spirituality, which occupies much of my free time. Additionally, I enjoy cooking as a way to unwind and express creativity in the kitchen. These interests enrich my life beyond the realm of law and provide balance and fulfillment in my personal pursuits.
Reflecting on your journey from college, where you were a Gold Medallist in your LLM from NLSIU, to your current position as a Partner at Surana & Surana International Attorneys, could you share some insights into the key milestones and challenges you encountered along the way?
I am a first-generation lawyer and embarking on my legal journey as one in 1997, was the initial challenge, where I did not have the benefit of a well-trodden path or sage advice. My parents and my brother gave me their unwavering support in all my decisions. Guided by serendipity, I found myself at the National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru, where I secured the Gold Medal in my LLM for the highest CGPA. During this time, I was also appointed as an MK Gandhi National Law Fellow, alongwith other eminent fellows. In 2003, I taught for a year in National Law University, Jodhpur. Prof. (Dr.) N.L. Mitra was the Vice Chancellor of the University at the time. His prudent counsel underscored the importance of perpetual research, continuous upskilling, and an unwavering commitment to staying abreast of dynamic legal developments, and this has held me in good stead throughout my professional trajectory. Teaching for a year was a pivotal advantage, providing me with a unique perspective and reinforcing the importance of continuous learning in the dynamic legal landscape. Most of my students at the time are now distinguished legal professionals.
In 2004, I joined Surana & Surana, immersing myself in intellectual property law within the firm’s IP practice. This marked the beginning of a deep dive into the nuances of IP as I navigated through diverse facets of intellectual property, gaining invaluable insights and practical experience that would prove instrumental in shaping my career trajectory.
In 2006 I commenced my independent practice with my spouse, focusing on intellectual property law and constitutional law before various High Courts and tribunals and as time passed, the briefs slowly trickled in. The practice of law before the courts are unparalleled – from the charged atmosphere of the courtroom to the swift thinking on your feet. The satisfaction derived from presenting compelling arguments, navigating legal intricacies, and securing favourable outcomes for clients was my driving force from 2006 to 2020. Intellectual property law is a multifaceted and dynamic field and the learning was challenging, every day, in the courtroom, observing the various senior counsels, and imbibing the wisdom of the bench.
At times when the family car was not available for my use, I started using the Metrorail, and then used it often for a swift and easy commute to the courts, significantly cutting down travel time, allowing me to optimize my schedule. In 2014, my daughter was born, putting me to the test of balancing my little one and my work. I worked from home for the first four months of the parenting journey and my office handled everything wonderfully. When my daughter was 5 months old, I appeared before the Intellectual Property Appellate Board in the matter of M/s Royal Classic Mills Pvt. Ltd v. The Polo Lauren Company, L.P., ORA/144/2007/TM/DEL/, and rushed back to my daughter waiting for me in my mother’s arms. Following this I slowly eased back into practice and resumed all my professional work by the end of the year. My continued professional journey, without a break, would not have been possible without the support of my family and my colleagues.
In 2020 I was appointed to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) and it was my privilege to serve along with other members under Chairman Hon’ble Mr Justice Manmohan Singh. We gave rulings in various matters concerning prominent brands such as RPG, HP, REDBULL, PAMESA, EVEREADY and several other renowned trademarks. His Lordship’s mentorship proved invaluable, providing guidance and insights into his professional journey in advocacy and adjudication that significantly contributed to my professional experience.
Post my tenure at the IPAB I am now Partner at Surana & Surana, and I lead the Intellectual Property Practice. Other than being engaged for IP litigation before the Delhi High Court, I advise, guide and mentor my practice colleagues on their corporate IP advisory to clients, IP legal strategy, IP audits, IP valuations, IP filing and prosecutions in India and various countries worldwide, PCT filings and MADRID filings, IP monetization, IP contracts & agreements, IP commercialisation and other legalities.
I am indebted to the eminent mentors who generously imparted their legal sagacity, illuminating my path with their professional insights. I did not have one single Guru, rather I am blessed to have learnt from all. Their tutelage through legal discussions, arguments and advice has been the lodestar guiding me through my journey. My family of friends support me unwaveringly.
Choosing law as my career has allowed me to inspire numerous individuals within my family and friends’ circles.
During my 23 + years of professional experience, I have traversed the journey of a law student from teaching to working as an advocate in a law firm to running an independent practice to becoming a Member in the IPAB and currently a Partner in a law firm leading the IP Practice.
Congratulations on your recent recognition as IP Woman Lawyer of the Year! How does it feel to receive such prestigious awards, and what impact do you think they have on the field of intellectual property law?
Thank you for your kind words. Receiving the IP Woman Lawyer of the Year Award, 2023 from INBA was truly an honor and a testament to the collective efforts of women in the field of intellectual property law.
The awards and recognitions I have received in the past year are:
IP Woman Lawyer of the Year, 2023, Indian National Bar Association (INBA)
Leading Individuals in IP in India by the Asia Pacific Legal 500
Leading Individuals in IP in India by the World Trademark Review (WTR) 1000
Leading Individuals in IP in India by IAM Patent 1000
Finalist – Copyright Lawyer of the Year, Women in Business Law Awards, 2023 (APAC)
Finalist – Patent Lawyer of the Year, Women in Business Law Awards, 2023 (APAC)
Finalist – IP Lawyer of the Year, Legal Insider Awards, 2023 (APAC)
Finalist – 2023 Lawyer Monthly Legal Awards
IP Star for India, 2023, ManagingIP
I am grateful for these honors and remain committed to furthering the advancement of intellectual property law with a focus on innovation, ethics, and inclusivity.
These awards serve as a powerful platform to showcase the achievements of women in intellectual property law, promoting gender diversity and inclusion in the legal profession. They inspire aspiring female legal professionals to pursue careers in IP law, breaking traditional stereotypes. Moreover, they bring attention to the field’s critical role in innovation, economic growth, and global competitiveness. By acknowledging excellence in IP law, these awards contribute to raising awareness about the strategic importance of intellectual property in various industries.
Throughout your tenure as a Member Judge at the Intellectual Property Appellate Board, could you reflect on a particular case that not only presented legal challenges but also left a lasting impact on your own understanding of intellectual property matters?
I can detail some cases for professional discussion for practitioners and academic interest for students during my IPAB tenure.
One is Eveready Industries India Limited v. Kamlesh Chadha, 2020(83)PTC575(IPAB), decision upheld by the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi in Mr. Sanjay Chadha Trading as Eveready Tools Emporium and Anr. v. Union of India and Anr., 2022/DHC/004457
In this matter Eveready Industries India Limited, incorporated in 1934 was using the Trademark “EVEREADY” since 1942 registration applied for in 1994. The Respondents has registered trademarks too and contended that the Trademark “EVEREADY” was their bonafide trademark and they adopted it with honest intention in 1985 regarding other goods. Acquiescence can be an issue, so was an assignment deed that had been executed between the parties.
The Bench determined that the term ‘EVEREADY’ qualifies as an invented word, absent from the English dictionary, and also serves as the corporate name for EVEREADY INDUSTRIES INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED. The adoption and registration of the trademark ‘EVEREADY’ in 1985 by the Respondents were deemed to be in bad faith, as no justification was provided for the use of this invented mark. The deceptive nature of the Respondent was further evident in their unauthorized utilization of other well-known marks like “HMT,” “DELUXE,” “CHAMPION,” “CRAFTSMAN,” and “AMUL,” as per documented evidence. Notably, there was a lack of consistent use of these marks, failing to meet the requirement for acquiescence over a continuous period of 5 years in the usage of a registered mark.
The above decision was upheld by the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi and EVEREADY was declared a Well-Known Mark.
Another matter is Sun Pharmaceuticals Ltd v. Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited, ORA/66/2014/TM/MUM, decision upheld by the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay in Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited v Union of India, 2023 SCC OnLine Bom 408
In this dispute, Sun asserted its trademark application for OFRAMAX, filed on August 30, 1989, and subsequently granted registration on May 13, 1994, within Class 5 for pharmaceutical goods. On the other hand, Macleods initiated its trademark application for the mark OFLOMAC on January 28, 1999, in the same class, and secured registration in 2005. Macleods argued that OFLOMAC resulted from combining its medicine name OFLOXACIN with the company name MACLEODS. They contended that Sun’s claim of using the trademark OFRAMAX since July 1991 lacked supporting documents, with invoices and statements only demonstrating usage from 2003 onward. The Bench held that Macleods’ trademark is deceptive, recognizing the potential for confusion with Sun’s mark. This was important to prevent any likelihood of confusion on the specific medicinal or pharmaceutical products.
This decision was affirmed by the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay.
The third case that comes to mind is Britannia Industries Ltd. V. Rakesh Kumar Jain, ORA/68/2013/TM/AMD, Order dated 23rd December, 2020, relied on by the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi in Britannia Industries Ltd V. Good Day Oral Care & Ors., CS(COMM) 572/2021, Order dated 5th November 2021.
It concerned the mark GOOD DAY, which was adopted in 1986 by Britannia and soon went on to become one of their most popular brands. The Respondent filed an application for GOOD DAY in 2010 in respect of Salt. The Bench held that the Respondent had no plausible explanation for adopting the GOOD DAY word and no evidentiary proof of usage claimed since 2005. GOOD DAY was declared as a well-known mark and the mark of the Respondent was ordered to be removed from the Trade Mark Register.
You are a part of the International Amicus Committee of the International Trademark Association. How do you see the role of international collaboration in shaping intellectual property laws globally, and what challenges do you foresee in the future?
International collaboration plays a crucial role in shaping global intellectual property laws by fostering consistency, sharing expertise, and addressing cross-border challenges. As a member of the International Amicus Committee at INTA, I get to witness firsthand the impact of collaborative efforts in providing valuable insights to courts and trademark offices worldwide. This exchange of expertise contributes to a harmonized approach in addressing intellectual property issues on an international scale.
However, challenges persist, including diverse legal frameworks, cultural differences, and evolving technologies. Bridging these gaps requires continuous efforts to build consensus and establish common ground. Additionally, staying abreast of emerging trends and ensuring inclusivity in decision-making processes are essential for effective international collaboration in shaping the future of intellectual property laws.
Balancing a role as a Professor of Practice at Christ University School of Law, NCR, New Delhi along with your legal practice must be demanding. How do you manage to stay engaged with both academia and the dynamic legal landscape?
During my early years of teaching, I had the pleasure of guiding students who have now progressed to senior positions in law firms and the corporate sector. I fondly reminisce about those teaching days and the sense of purpose it brought. Presently, I remain engaged in various academic initiatives, actively contributing to legal education through mentorship and guidance in institutions.
As a Professor of Practice at Christ University School of Law, NCR, New Delhi, I am offering a specialised course on IP Litigation. I maintain engagement through efficient time management, leveraging practical insights from my legal practice to enrich academic discussions, and staying updated on the dynamic legal landscape. This synergy allows me to contribute effectively to both education and the evolving legal field.
You’ve been involved in several IP cases. Can you share insights into some of your memorable casesfor academic interest, detailing the challenges faced and the strategies employed that led to a favorable outcome?
I can talk about some cases for professional discussion and academic interest.
In 2009, the matter of Maya Appliances Private Limited v. Jaipan Industries Limited, Suit (L) No 1036 of 2009 before the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay, was a question of design and trademark infringement of the plaintiff’s unique and registered leaf design and trade dress. The Respondent brought forth a registered design stating that they owned it and that their products were based on this design. We convinced the Hon’ble Court that the production of a design certificate owned by one Sairaj Industries only shows that the alleged design is owned by them. The Respondents neither described the relationship between them and the Sairaj industries, nor have produced any documents towards the same. Working on this case of the infringement of a registered design and establishing arguments was interesting.
Another case was that of Karthik Subbaraj G. v. Five Star Films Pvt. Ltd. C.S. No. 810 of 2015 before the Hon’ble High Court of Madras. The dispute was between the Director and screenwriter of the film Jigarthanda and the producer. As per the agreement of 2012 between both, the project was commenced and the move shot and released. The suit was filed seeking an injunction against the producer to prevent selling the remake rights of the movie in any language. No permission has been obtained from the Plaintiff for using it in other languages. The moral rights of the screenwriter, reproduction rights, remake rights vis-à-vis the terms of the Agreement were discussed in detail before the Court.
In Shiv Nadar Foundation v. Registrar of Trademarks C.A.(COMM.IPD-TM) 122/2021, the case was filed against the refusal of the logo mark SHIKSHA for education. The Hon’ble Court appreciated the composite nature of the mark and no other similar logos and struck down the Order of refusal.
As a member of the CII – IP Forum, FICCI – IP Council and a mentor at various institutions such as MAARG, the Founder Institute, how do you think the legal profession can contribute to fostering diversity and inclusion, especially for women in intellectual property law and as startup founders?
Engaging in collaborative efforts with industry forums such as CII and FICCI allows legal professionals to leverage collective influence, driving systemic changes that promote diversity and inclusion. It is imperative for the legal community to uphold these principles and actively contribute to dismantling barriers, thereby creating a more inclusive and representative landscape in intellectual property law and startup entrepreneurship.
To foster inclusivity, legal practitioners should actively promote equal opportunities, advocate for unbiased recruitment practices, support women re-entering the profession after a break for the family and support mentorship programs tailored to empower women in the intellectual property sector. Creating a conducive environment that embraces diverse perspectives not only enriches the profession but also contributes to a more innovative and equitable ecosystem.
When mentoring startup ventures, legal professionals can contribute by advocating for gender-neutral policies, offering legal guidance on inclusive corporate structures, and actively participating in initiatives that provide women entrepreneurs with access to legal resources.
I am also actively engaged in various intellectual property discussions, as part of the panel in various forums and conferences. I’ve served as a Speaker and Panel Chair at various CII, GIPC, WIPF and other events. With talks spanning from online gaming, IP litigation, generative AI, online platforms, performer’s rights, IP monetization to data protection, I have been able to contribute insights and share my perspectives.
Your work involves carving IP legal advisory strategies, performing IP audits, and coordinating IP valuations. What advice would you give to young professionals aspiring to specialize in intellectual property law, especially in the context of the evolving legal landscape?
Having just one degree or having multiple degrees specializing in a single domain is considered outdated or passé in contemporary times. In today’s dynamic and interconnected world, professionals are expected to adapt to a variety of roles and contribute across different fields. Combining expertise from various disciplines not only enhances problem-solving skills but also fosters innovation and creativity.
Employers and industries increasingly seek individuals with a broader range of knowledge and capabilities, transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries. Examples are the combination of law and an engineering or fine arts or a medical background. For instance, someone with a background in both law and technology might be better equipped to navigate the complex legal landscape surrounding emerging technologies.
For aspiring IP professionals in the evolving legal landscape, I recommend gaining diverse experience, staying updated on emerging trends in IP such as the protection of and infringement occasioned by the use of AI, especially generative AI, cybersecurity and IP, blockchain technology, gene editing, sustainable technologies, quantum computing, 3D printing, neurotechnology, IP of and in the hands of influencers and social media, cross border IP litigation, etc and developing a strong understanding of technology and business. Embrace continuous learning, engage in practical training, and build a network within the IP community. A strategic focus on carving innovative legal solutions will position you for success in the dynamic field of intellectual property law.
Additionally, cultivate a deep understanding of global IP laws, invest in honing negotiation and communication skills, and actively participate in industry events and associations. Embrace a proactive and client-centric approach, and leverage technology for efficient legal practice. Remember, adaptability and a passion for innovation will be key drivers of success.
Furthermore, seek mentorship from experienced professionals, explore interdisciplinary collaborations, and consider pursuing relevant certifications to enhance your expertise. Stay attuned to ethical considerations and emphasize integrity in your practice. Finally, contribute to thought leadership by publishing articles, attending conferences, and actively participating in discussions to establish yourself as a knowledgeable and influential figure in the intellectual property legal community.
Continuously build a strong professional network, both locally and globally, to foster collaborations and stay informed about industry developments. Be adaptable to changes in legal frameworks and technology, and proactively anticipate challenges to offer strategic solutions. Embrace innovation in legal research and leverage data analytics to enhance your practice. Ultimately, a holistic approach that combines legal acumen, business understanding, and a commitment to excellence will set you apart in the dynamic field of intellectual property law.
Having excelled in moot court competitions and representing India in international forums like the Afro Asian and Phillip C. Jessup Moot Court Competitions, how did your experience in moot court contribute to your professional development? Furthermore, do you believe participating in moot court competitions is essential for law students and how can it positively impact their growth and skills development?
Engaging in moot court competitions has been a pivotal aspect of my professional journey, contributing immensely to my development as a legal practitioner. Representing India in international forums like the Afro Asian Moot Court Competition in 1999 and Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition in 2000 was a transformative experience that provided a multifaceted impact on my skills and outlook.
Participating in moots equipped me with the ability to carefully assess each argument, strategically position them before the bench, identify vulnerabilities in the opponent’s case, adeptly counter their points, skilfully address judges’ inquiries, and cultivate a respectful demeanour towards both the bench and opposing counsels. The experience also facilitated networking opportunities with students and legal practitioners from across India, expanding my professional connections.
When I was a student, the only international competitions that India used to participate in were the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, Afro Asian Moot Court Competition, Stetson International Environmental Moot Court Competition, and Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot. Now there are so many more mooting opportunities for law students. Law students should actively involve themselves in external mooting as part of the extended curriculum for advocacy skills development, legal research proficiency, confidence building, understanding courtroom dynamics and networking opportunities
Beyond your legal pursuits, what are your personal interests or hobbies that you find yourself passionate about in your free time?
I find joy in quality time with my daughter, indulging in movies and meals with my friends, and making pencil sketches of people. Additionally, I am proficient in playing the mridangam and am a voracious reader of science fiction and mythic fiction. I would have ended up as a writer or a film director, had I not pursued law.
How do you view the above journey as a woman lawyer?
Yatechchā tatra mārgaḥ – where there is a will, there is a way. Balancing both the professional journey and personal life is a challenge for most of us, especially women litigators. However with good time management skills, the ability to plan and prioritise, hard work and a never-say-die attitude, anything is possible.
In the initial years of a legal career, how seniors treat you, with dignity or otherwise, is crucial. It’s up to individuals to quickly grasp the balance between work responsibilities, career growth, and specialization choices. Navigating these opportunities and challenges posed by seniors is common, and it’s recommended for upcoming lawyers to understand this early on. Dealing with uncertainties and potential disrespect becomes more manageable when comprehended early. As a woman lawyer, I had the chance to grasp and overcome these dynamics, and I appreciate the lessons, whether direct or indirect, taught by my seniors. Their guidance helped me shape my decisions and progress in my legal profession.
My 23 + year professional journey or that of any of my women colleagues’, cannot in the true sense be condensed in words. It involves hard work, dedication, sincerity, and a mix of challenges, opportunities, painful, sad, and happy days in both personal and professional realms. The power within, drawn from the Universe, empowers women to overcome challenges, face each day with positivity, and passionately pursue what brings personal and professional fulfilment.
Despite advocating for equality, empowerment, and equity, women often bear additional responsibilities. While these principles are on paper, their implementation can be challenging. The acknowledgment of exceptional women by you as a “Super Lawyer” underscores the extraordinary efforts made to navigate these challenges, providing a satisfying recognition of the exceptional work done by them and their leadership, integrity and dedication to justice.
So, here’s to the unsung heroines of the legal world, the women who every day turn legal briefs into power suits, make every objection a stepping stone to success, and put out board room legal chaos with their excellent strategy.
