Can you walk us through your journey in the legal profession, from your early days to your current position as General Counsel for Tenneco Inc.’s Indian operations?
When I started my professional journey back in 1993, demand for in-house counsels was not so promising. You could make your place by really working hard and constantly meeting the expectations of your employer. It is very important for any new in-house counsel to get an opportunity to work under the guidance of a good senior professional. I consider myself lucky to have got that opportunity.
As you know, learning is a continuous process. I too believe in that, and my quest for knowledge keeps me going.
When you grow, you have to keep in mind that a good and motivated team plays an important role in your success. I always believe in building teams by having transparency, mutual respect & trust, delegation of authority, counselling & coaching and being there for them. I believe in simplification of legal processes.
As a highly accomplished legal professional, what have been the most challenging yet rewarding aspects of aligning legal functions with business requirements throughout your career?
It is a very good question. I always believe that a General Counsel is different from an outside counsel. A GC is expected to understand the business and try to give a solution which not only is in line with the legal framework but always gives a solution to the business. I know this is not easy. One may say that from a legal perspective, either something is permissible or it is not permissible. Based on my experience, I feel that a GC is supposed to provide different workable solutions to the business teams and help them in evaluating and deciding on the best solution.
Being part of the Board of Directors, I am involved in important business decisions. This gives me an edge to review every transaction from a business perspective and provide a legal solution in line with the business requirements.
You’ve navigated through various industries such as Tyre, Financial Services, Chemical, and auto-component sectors. How has your diverse experience shaped your approach to legal strategies and corporate governance?
Different industries that I have worked with have different challenges, requiring different approaches and strategies. For a GC, it is important to understand who your audience is. You need to have the ability to listen to your internal as well as external customers, understand their issues and provide the best legal options/ solutions.
Given your extensive involvement in M&A, joint ventures, and divestitures, could you share some insights into the key strategies and considerations you employ when negotiating complex transactions?
For M&A transactions, the first level of discussion revolves around the feasibility of the new business; what would be its value addition to your existing business and whether it would make a business sense to go for an M&A transaction.
Once a business decision is taken, the second most important task is to do a thorough due diligence of the entire business involving financial, legal and environmental due diligence. In the current scenario, one must understand that environmental issues are highly critical and should be thoroughly evaluated to avoid huge financial liability for violation of environmental laws.
For the success of any joint venture, it is important to ensure a lot of transparency in terms of sharing of important information with the JV partner and involve them in all the important decisions. It is very important to build a relationship, based on mutual trust and respect. This would ensure smooth running of the JV as well as future growth.
How do you balance the need for legal compliance with the demands of business growth, especially in highly regulated sectors such as yours?
As I said earlier, if you understand the business, you can surely provide a legal solution which aligns with the business.
With your expertise in corporate governance and securities, what advice would you offer to companies aiming to enhance their governance standards and navigate regulatory landscapes effectively?
I believe corporate governance is not just complying with the applicable legal provisions. Corporate governance should become part of a company’s culture. It should become the way of life. It has to be followed in the true spirit and, not just as a compliance obligation.
You’ve been instrumental in implementing legal frameworks and adopting legal tech to support business growth. Can you share some examples of how technology has transformed legal operations during your tenure?
Automation of processes is the need of the hour. With a lot of focus on having learner legal teams, it is important to keep working on automation. Compliance management tools, litigation management tools and contract management tools are few examples. These tools have not only saved a lot of time but also helped in ensuring accuracy of processes.
Lastly, drawing from your vast experience, what advice would you give to fresh graduates aspiring to pursue a career in law, especially those aiming for leadership roles in the corporate sector?
My advice would be as follows:
1. First and foremost, it is important to be a good human being. This quality would help you throughout your professional journey.
2. Always believing in learning new things.
3. Try to fully understand and appreciate the perspectives of others. This would help you to provide a better legal solution.
4. Build a good team. Trust and respect your team members. Always focus on the professional growth of your team members.
Can you share with us your journey into law? What motivated you to pursue both chartered accountancy and a bachelor’s degree in law?
Since I was born in the family of lawyers, I would further like to say that both my grandfather and my father, who themselves were in the field of law as regular practitioners mainly in the state High Court & from them I was fully inspired to join the profession of law. My elder brother who already had preferred to join the same profession in the established law firm Khanna And Associates. Being fully inspired & encouraged joining the law firm passionately, & finding fully satisfied positively ensuring myself in choosing this right path into the profession of law.
It needs no mention to state that the repute and the status that this profession owed to our family is un parallel and being able to make an impact in the society by using the law in the best interest of the society is always the motivation behind pursuing the law
Not to forget the black uniform, the British formalities, and being able to express yourself more profoundly seemed charming to the younger version of me back in the days of opting for law.
I always wanted to work with big corporations shoulder to shoulder and thus law and chartered accountancy both has opened this gateway for me.
Your expertise lies in a diverse range of legal areas, from corporate compliance to taxation and intellectual property. How did you develop such a multifaceted skill set?
When you plan to work in business law, you have to equip yourself with whatever it takes. There is no exception to that. As a corporate lawyer your job expects you to guide your client in all the aspects of law applicable to them and since your client is a corporate entity you have to equip yourself with all the laws applicable to the entity and such dynamics keep changing with the change of law or change of business circumstances.
Your expertise has to vary in various areas of corporate/business law :
Whether it is forming/incorporating a company in the best business structure for your clients business.
Devising the best tax strategy, acting as their legal architect, formulation of a plan for them to execute their business or routing the funds by abiding the banking laws thus forcing you to become an expert in banking law as well.
Once when the company is set up then you have to devise various internal controls for which you have to be well versed with various auditing procedures, practices and standards enabling you to guide your client entity to manage itself without disputes and with full transparency. Thus Auditing knowledge comes into picture and you are required to have the knowledge of this field.
When your client starts recruiting employees then you are assumed to be a contractual law expert along with tax and employment laws as applicable to the respective industry.
When your client begins operation/production you are expected to be an expert in seeking various licenses and IPR laws.
Then finally after all this spade work you reach corporate advisory. Advising provisions as applicable to directors and KMP and the entity as well.
Thus as a corporate lawyer you have to put your mind in various branches of law that offshoots from company law itself.
As the founder of Startup Solicitors LLP, you’ve been deeply involved in helping startups navigate legal complexities. Could you tell us about a particularly challenging case or project you’ve worked on and how you tackled it?
As a law firm we are more likely than not to face challenges in terms of legal complexities. The world is evolving with unprecedented pace and keeping up with the AI and Web3.0 hand in hand with legalities which are not adapting with the pace of technology.
Though there are many challenging project that came before us, but one interesting project that I would like to draw your attention to would be is of a US client who is working in the blockchain technology and wanting to launch their cryptocurrency few years back when lawmakers did not inked a word on the legality of cryptocurrency. The challenges that we faced were many :-
Whether the cryptocurrency can be tendered as a legal currency in India ?
Whether Crypto mining is acceptable in India ?
Can Cryptocurrency be listed in regulated markets in India ? If not can a Crypto exchange be formulated ?
What is the Tax applicability on crypto transactions in India ?
How to report cryptocurrency to the government Authorities in India ?
Which country in the globe is most suitable for ICO launch and Crypto mining if not India?
It took us a lot of research work in both the legal and geo political field in understanding the mindsets of various countries towards crypto currency acceptance enabling us to advise the client in choosing India vs Rest of the world for its multi-billion dollar idea. Helping him find the right country for setting up business, choosing the right country for its distinctive operations keeping in mind the future plans of our client.
Today, we can see the global acceptance of crypto currency. The law remains in grey areas in various parts of the globe.
With your experience in assisting multi-million dollar companies expand into India and serving on their boards, what are some common challenges these companies face when entering the Indian market, and how do you address them?
The major problem that multi-million dollar companies face while entering India to expand is choosing the wrong shareholding structure and wrong business structure delaying the corporate compliances and inviting various penalties.
We address the same by emulating a documentary check and analyzing the business structure comprehensively from all corners and creating timeline keeping in mind the MCA compliances, RBI Compliance, FRRO Compliances and tax laws prior to executing the incorporation process for setting up company in India
You’ve been involved in setting up new businesses and handling legal and financial consultations. Could you walk us through the process of setting up a new business, highlighting the key legal considerations and steps involved?
Setting up a new business involves several key legal considerations and steps. Here’s an outline of the process:
Choose a Business Structure: Decide on the legal structure of your business. Common options include sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC), or corporation. Each structure has different legal and tax implications, so it’s essential to choose the one that best fits your needs.
Register Your Business: Register your business name with the appropriate government authorities. This may involve registering a “Doing Business As” (DBA) name or incorporating your business with the state.
Obtain Necessary Permits and Licenses: Depending on your industry and location, you may need to obtain specific permits or licenses to operate legally. Research the requirements in your area and ensure compliance.
Secure Intellectual Property Rights: If your business involves unique products, services, or branding, consider securing intellectual property rights through patents, trademarks, or copyrights. This can help protect your business from infringement and establish your ownership of valuable assets.
Set Up Taxation and Financial Systems: Obtain an Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the IRS if necessary. Set up accounting and financial systems to track income, expenses, and taxes. Consult with a tax advisor to ensure compliance with tax regulations.
Draft Legal Documents: Create legal documents such as contracts, agreements, and terms of service. These documents define the rights and responsibilities of your business and its stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, and employees.
Hire Employees: If you plan to hire employees, familiarize yourself with employment laws and regulations. Create employment contracts, establish payroll systems, and adhere to labor laws regarding wages, working hours, and workplace safety.
Protect Your Business: Purchase insurance coverage to protect your business against potential risks such as property damage, liability claims, or employee injuries. Consider general liability insurance, professional liability insurance, and other relevant policies.
Comply with Regulations: Stay informed about industry-specific regulations and compliance requirements. Depending on your business activities, you may need to adhere to environmental regulations, health and safety standards, or data protection laws.
Create a Business Plan: Develop a comprehensive business plan outlining your goals, strategies, and financial projections. A well-crafted business plan can help attract investors, secure financing, and guide your business’s growth and development.
Open a Business Bank Account: Separate your personal and business finances by opening a dedicated business bank account. This will simplify accounting, tax reporting, and financial management.
Market Your Business: Develop a marketing plan to promote your products or services and attract customers. Consider online and offline marketing channels, such as websites, social media, advertising, and networking events.
Stay Compliant and Adapt: Regularly review and update your business practices to ensure ongoing compliance with legal requirements and industry standards. Stay informed about changes in regulations or market conditions that may impact your business operations.
Your background includes work with Forbes Asia Pacific Enlisted clients and conducting audits for various organizations. How do you maintain a high level of professionalism and attention to detail in your audit processes?
That is just experience and practice. You learn every day, you evolve and you grow every day.
Could you share a particularly rewarding moment in your career, where you felt your expertise made a significant impact on a client’s success or outcome?
Well, there are many and I would like to share few:
Standing shoulder to shoulder with my father and assisting him in arguing a matter in High Court, witnessing him argue with perfection and representing the client was not less than a reward for me in my early days of career.
Now today as the time has passed since my inception in the field of law and finance I feel very happy seeing that we helped some European Jewelry companies and US based IT companies set up their base in India leading them to scale volumes and generate employment in INDIA.
Lastly, considering your extensive experience and knowledge, what advice would you give to fresh graduates aspiring to enter the fields of law and finance? What key lessons have you learned throughout your career that you believe would benefit them?
Be genuine. Be Honest with your client. Say no if he cannot win the case.
Can you share your education journey into the legal field, particularly what motivated you to pursue law after completing your B.A. in Business Economics?
During my bachelors I decided to pursue masters in economics or psychology but when I saw the career trajectories of Delhi University law graduates I realized that a Delhi University law degree has tremendous potential and is quite cost-effective. I graduated from the Faculty of Law, Delhi University in 2009 and joined the firm where I interned as an associate.
Your profile showcases a diverse range of experiences, from working as a Partner in a lawfirm to holding leadership roles in major corporations. How did these experiences shape yourapproach to legal practice?
I spent my first 10 years in the general corporate practice of a boutique law firm where I worked on several aspects of law ranging from general corporate to litigation and arbitration, and this varied exposure trained me for a larger role. When I got the 10-year itch I decided to move in-house to experience the business side of law. My first in-house role was eye opening because I had to quickly learn how to juggle a higher work volume but with lesser intensity unlike my law firm days where it was about specific assignments but high quality delivery. My rigorous law firm background helped me extensively in increasing the quality of in-house legal work and deliveries. In-house legal practice is vastly different from law firm practice primarily because almost all legal advice and decision matrix has to be delivered to the internal stakeholders in a simplified version for enabling business decisions but without removing the legal essence.
Could you elaborate on your work with the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C,MHA) ? How did this experience influence your perspective on cybersecurity and online fraud prevention?
Cyber frauds between users were quite high in one of our online business verticals and we collaborated with I4C (MHA) in building an online fraud prevention model for intermediaries like us and others. My major learning from this experience was how introducing customer education, multi-check KYC mechanism (during account creation especially) and dynamic algorithmic filters can drastically increase cybersecurity and reduce online frauds to supplement the in-house legal team’s efforts.
You’ve been involved in various aspects of fintech. How do fintechs navigate the regulatorycomplexities while ensuring innovation and growth ?
Even though fintechs are growing rapidly, it is becoming progressively harder and cumbersome for them to match pace with the regulations and compliances for their existing or new products. Our government is very frequently issuing guidelines, notifications, circulars, and laws which make it difficult for fintechs to quickly design, grow, or tweak products and synchronize with the government’s objectives. I feel that in the near future compliance and regulatory aspects for fintechs will stabilize and the Indian government will have completed building a large part of its fintech regulatory ecosystem. Until then fintechs have to operate on a risk-compliance model to build the most compliant platforms and products which minimize customer, business, and public risk.
You’ve filed a DRHP in December 2023 with SEBI for Awfis Space. What are some of thekey preparatory points pre-DRHP filing ?
Company secretarial documentation and information, promoter identification, consents, litigation disclosures and risk factors form the backbone of a DRHP filing, especially in a company where several investment rounds have occurred and there are pending regulatory litigations. At least 7–8 months prior to DRHP filing it is advisable to be audit ready, collate and complete all secretarial documentation and information, resolve or settle larger vendor payments, litigations, arbitration, and disputes, and avoid new business complexities which can have adverse regulatory or legal impact.
You were part of Prosus’ Olx India business sale to Cartrade Tech in August 2023 for USD65 million. What was a unique aspect of the transaction which you had not anticipated ?
It was a really interesting transaction because we first had to merge the classifieds business with the autos business and then sell the combined entity to Cartrade Tech. I had not anticipated the employee related complexities we would face in moving about 400 employees from one Olx business entity to the other. It was a legal and human resources issue where we had to interact and take written consents from all such employees which extended our closing timelines a bit.
How is AI changing in-house legal teams in routine legal work ? Any advice for newlawyers on maximizing AI use benefits ?
In routine legal work, the positives I see are faster research work and basic drafting. It is easy to generate basic templates for notices, representations, and low-value agreements. The negatives are that new lawyers are not reading articles, books, and case laws and heavily rely and trust AI generated results. Till AI advances to near perfect levels and becomes a default use case, a new lawyer should be able to draft simple documents by writing or typing to hone their legal skills and become comfortable with legalese.
With your background in public policy, including your involvement in amending the MotorVehicles Act in April 2023, what advice would you give to fresh law graduates aspiring to makean impact in shaping legislation and regulatory frameworks?
If public policy work interests a lawyer then it makes sense to practice for a few years especially in litigation to become comfortable with interpreting legislations and developing legal arguments and then work in the public policy department of a company or non-profit, or join a think tank. A masters degree in social sciences or public policy will add tremendous value and can unlock several opportunities.
Can you walk us through your journey and share what led you to pursue a career in law, particularly with a focus on corporate mergers and transactions?
Many decide their career paths while they are about to enter Class 10 in school. While my mind was always inclined to take science and pursue a career in medicine, destiny took me to Accountancy in my 11th and 12th. Blessing in disguise, as it felt that I got into the subject where I belong. So my journey started there. With the preliminary learning of accountancy, I decided to pursue a career in commerce and took admission in B.Com (H) in Delhi University. It was around the end of 2008, where I was still wondering whether it would make sense to do an MBA (like my peers) and move on to joining a bank or a consultancy in finance, but then again I was destined to be introduced to a subject called ‘Corporate Law’ during my 2nd year of B.Com. It was fascinating as I was always keen to learn about companies and their functioning, given that we grew in the era of blooming joint ventures, international tie ups and growth of Indigenous businesses in India. I was intrigued to know how much running a company is driven by accounts and mathematics, and thus, that’s where it all began. I chose to pursue a career in law. However, maybe I wasn’t prepared enough, and I failed my first attempt into Delhi University (Law Faculty) in the entrance exam. It was 2009, peers had found their place and here I was wondering what I should do now. I decided its time to drop a year, work with a financial advisory company and reattempt the Law entrance exam. I joined Law Faculty in 2010 and graduated in 2013 with a degree in B.Com (H) and LL.B. During my student days at the Faculty I continued interning with different law firms in New Delhi, NCR. My most memorable internships were at J. Sagar Associates (my first job). I was given an opportunity to join JSA in August 2013 and I continued working there for a while before I moved onto other law firms such as Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas. My focus area in all these firms was corporate-commercial and I was given an opportunity to assist team members in ongoing live transactions ranging from business transfers, joint ventures, private equity, and other general corporate advisory services. I believe that if I wasn’t given this chance, life would probably have been very different. Thus, if at all I can say that I have gained knowledge in the field of law, the credit truly goes to those seniors who gave me the opportunity to learn. Thus, through this medium I would like to thank Mr. Jyoti Sagar (Chairman and Founder) and Mr. Upendra Nath Sharma (Partner, JSA).
After years of learning from different lawyers and gradually taking steps to lead transactions and advise clients, in 2020 I set up a small law firm – Gadi & Associates (GnA). It was tough and challenging to make this decision but I believe that sometimes as a lawyer you have to take steps that are beyond your comfort zone to ensure that you give the soundest and best legal advice. Thus, while keeping that thought in mind, I took this decision and set up a shop (a table and a chair in my house and a banner on the window). The shop was now open. I have primarily gained experience in corporate law and so my first instinct drew me to help Clients in contractual matters. It’s not uncommon that once you disassociate with bigger brands, Clients take time to get that confidence in you, but I am grateful to my initial clients who had that faith in me and gave me my first assignment.
2020 was the birth year of GnA with a single member team and today I run a law firm with a strength of 25 (all inclusive).
Given your extensive experience with tier 1 law firms and now as the founder of Gadi & Associates, what motivated you to establish your own legal practice in New Delhi?
The key motivation to establish GnA and to take on this journey was to challenge myself in an environment with cut-throat competition. I genuinely feel that every lawyer has his/ her own way of expressing opinions and assisting clients, so one shoe doesn’t fit all. The key was to demonstrate to clients that my style of thinking and my approach to matters is unique and could yield results which they probably wouldn’t expect. While I never discount my learning years, I did feel that it was time to practice in a style and manner as I independently wished to apply, rather than aiming to make a change in the existing set up of other law firms. Having said that, establishing from scratch without any legacy in the industry did throw its own challenges and sometimes made it difficult to work, but I always kept repeating this to myself – ‘Don’t be ashamed if you fail, be ashamed if you fail without trying’. So I kept at it and kept trying. GnA came into existence and grew bigger and bigger in size, with its first office in 2021 and with now a new office in 2023. What back then in 2020 felt would be impossible, started becoming a reality and now is being lived each day with the focus to make other impossibilities a reality. So I can say this with all conviction that it was not easy to start and was surely not easy to continue, but now when I look back I say to myself that it was not that difficult too. My other motivation was to try and bring a different approach to corporate matters. While as counsel we typically work on agreements and assist clients in negotiations, I try to understand the financial modelling behind each transaction or commercial tie up. Definitely I do not give any opinions on accounts but given my background and keen fondness to learn different aspects of accountancy, it helps in understanding and advising best legal resources and positions to have in such matters. Needless to say that a commercial tie up or a strategic alliance are primarily driven by the accounts behind it, so as a commercial lawyer it is our job to understand that relationship and advise accordingly.
You’ve been involved in a variety of high-value transactions, including representing a global private equity fund in a multi-billion-dollar acquisition. Can you share some insights into the challenges and strategies you employed in such a complex deal?
It wouldn’t be fair to give any critical details in the public domain, but it a few aspects that I would like to share are: (i) Commercial Sense – When I got introduced to the transaction I was only trying to figure out in my head the commercial sense behind the matter and if the deal at that particular value made sense. That gave me an opportunity to learn something new that I hadn’t been introduced to earlier, and that was the economic benefit of the future. Many times I have heard people use the phrase ‘does this make any commercial sense’, even by me while discussing the matter with colleagues. However, I did get the answer to this question in a manner that I hadn’t expected. It wasn’t necessary to see the commercial sense of the matter in the present but rather what it would be in the near future or within a period of time being envisaged by the acquirer. While doing the matter, we get involved with the details of the matter but somehow miss seeing the macro approach of the said industry vis-à-vis other industries. So it wasn’t necessary for just this business to grow but to see how it is important for other industries to flourish and grow at the same time to ensure that the growth of this business continues and eventually that commercial sense comes to light. (ii) Due Diligence – If there is something that helps in undertaking transactions or ensuring that a lawyer is doing his/ her job, it is important to take note of the criticality of due diligence. It is not merely a report, but an action item that can change or mould the frame of the transaction. We do hear of different forms of due diligence reports, but at the end the critical aspect is ‘due diligence’. I believe my key learning here was to be a part of the due diligence team and understanding the different forms of compliances and key requirements to put together one list of critical aspects. If there were any findings that showed any legal issues then it is important to also find the recourse to such legal problems and assist in implementing the solution. We did find a few critical legal challenges here as well, but given the experience of the team I was working with, it was easy to help in implementing the correct solution and take the transaction forward. So in a nutshell as a strategy to a transaction, due diligence is key and must be undertaken with great importance.
Your role involves advising multinational companies, startups, and family-run businesses. How do you tailor your approach when dealing with such diverse clients, each with its unique set of challenges and priorities?
Truly, this journey started with GnA. Prior to starting GnA it was mostly assisting large scale companies in their matters including transactions, general corporate advisory, compliance, etc. It is only when I started GnA that I understood the importance of being a ‘Generalist’. While I do say that my key focus area in law is corporate – commercial, I started branching into other aspects of law and advising diversified clientele in a variety of matters. While the category of clients in question still seem to be hinting more on corporate work, in reality it entails a number of legal aspects such as promoter relationship, family lineage planning with succession plans, asset management under different vehicles for betterment of operations, etc. This may also at times include undertaking real estate transactions, preparing wills and settlements and also managing the operations of smaller set ups in terms of division of roles. One key aspect here to note is that it is not limited to operating out of one vehicle for family businesses, our laws give us many ways of undertaking such plans. For instance a division of businesses is not merely to be driven by settlements, it could be that we divide businesses by way of demergers, slump sale, etc., and the meaning behind these transactions are completely different than what we generally do for other corporations. In the case of start ups, it is critical for a lawyer to understand the drive of the promoter(s). As lawyers it is important to understand that a promoter(s) does not generally know about compliance and applicable laws. It is the duty of a lawyer to ensure that the start up business becomes compliant with all laws while ensuring that the Promoter(s) can stay on course with the project that they initiated.
Having assisted in the acquisition of a refractories plant and the fund raise for a logistics company, could you highlight the key considerations and legal intricacies involved in transactions within the manufacturing and logistics sectors?
The former was an asset purchase transaction, different from the typical slump sale transaction. In an asset purchase the key factor is identified: purchase price of the assets and transfer of each individual asset be it a plant, machinery, equipment, land, etc. Frankly, while the entire transaction was similar to any other asset purchase deal, the critical aspect of this deal was the transfer of real estate. This was probably the first time experiencing a transaction with respect to real estate where my involvement was not limited to preparing the definitive document but also to assist the client in the entire registration process. This experience was beneficial and educational as it helped my journey to start working on more real estate transactions and today at GnA we have a full real estate practice where we help with sale, leasing, mortgage and joint development transactions. The latter was a large-scale private equity transaction, where I was a part of the team that represented the company and the promoters. What was critical here was the fact that the business that we represented was becoming the growing need of the ever-evolving logistic sector of the country assisting ecommerce. As I have said earlier that not many times do you get the commercial sense from the transaction itself, but when you apply it with other sectors that are supportive sectors and see the immense opportunity there, you can co-relate as to why this sector would grow too and therefore, investments in such companies became the growing need. Although as a counsel, I did work on the investment document and assisted in the effective transaction closure in a timely manner.
In addition to your transactional work, you’ve also assisted clients in matters relating to disputes. How do you decide to diversify from corporate to litigation?
Well, as I mentioned, GnA was the reason I thought it was best to be a ‘Generalist’. Where I could have decided to remain a part of other firms and continued working only in corporate law, I did choose the other path and started GnA. Given this decision it became even more important to see the world of law in the Court of Law. Thus, it all started with a simple legal notice in the case of an employee dispute. I was approached by one of my existing clients to pursue a case against an employee involved in embezzlement. This was something that in my other organisations I would have passed onto my colleagues, but at GnA I chose to take this up as my very own and moved on with the mandate. As the matter progressed and went on, I started learning this aspect ‘on the job’. It’s been roughly 3.5 years since that first notice and today I engage in large scale dispute matters ranging from arbitration, company law petitions, insolvency matters, recovery matters, etc. In fact, starting a disputes practice gave me a better understanding of how words in a contract could have different meanings in different situations. Therefore, now drafting a contract makes it critical for me to examine each provision/ clause with such combinations that maybe wouldn’t have been the case if I wouldn’t have stepped into the world of litigation. I sincerely believe that each lawyer (corporate or litigation) should gain experience of both worlds as they are complementary in nature and not as alternate professions.
With a wealth of experience, what advice would you give to law graduates aspiring to specialize in corporate law and mergers and acquisitions?
To the aspiring law graduates who wish to enter the field of corporate law whether for M&A, PE, VC or general corporate advisory, it would help if you start from the basics. It is not necessary to know everything about what a transaction entails in your initial years, but you should either find answers to or have the will to ask questions regarding aspects that are introduced to you. In practice, many seniors use terms and abbreviations which any aspiring law graduate/ intern may not understand (the same happened with me), which makes it even more difficult to comprehend the entire discussion which is taking place. Thus, an on-the-job experience makes it even more important to learn such aspects by either spending time to find the answers or questioning the seniors. A senior colleague of mine once said to me ‘sometimes I forget that my junior colleague has not read this in his life’, which basically means that seniors do know that you are new to this world and will take your own time to learn, but it still will demand your full involvement in the matter by being inquisitive and focussed. A great way to get a kickstart in the field of corporate law is by doing internships with corporate law teams of firms that generally undertake transactions. As a law student who still has a couple of years left before he/ she graduates, if you are keen on becoming a corporate lawyer, you should find data about transactions and the partners of firms who undertook those matters and then try and get internships with those partners to ask them questions about the transaction. Having said that, law is a journey that involves never ending learning and every lawyer has something to share for you to learn.
Please tell us a bit about your upbringing and what motivated you to study law?
I was born to a doctor couple in Ranchi. I have an elder brother who is also a doctor. I finished pre-school from St. Mary’s Nursery School and enrolled at DPS Ranchi where I studied until I finished 12th grade. Ranchi used to be a small quiet town. We didn’t have much exposure and the career options were limited to medical or engineering.
I had seen my parents at their workplaces but was somehow not attracted to their profession. I wanted to understand how the society and our legal system functions. There was a natural inclination to move from the study of sciences to social sciences (This is not to say that I didn’t enjoy science, I did quite well in my 12th board as a Biology student and I miss organic chemistry a lot!). I remember chancing upon the question paper for the first CLAT and finding the questions very interesting. I thought that this was something that would be fun to study. My parents were not keen with the decision at first. But I owe it to my school teachers who played a very important role in convincing them. They eventually came around.
How was your law school journey? We see that you’ve done a fair bit of extra-curricular activities as a member and head of the Music Club at GNLU. You’ve also been part of the organising committee for the GNLU International Moot Court Competition (“GIMC”) and the GNLU Moot on Securities and Investment Law (“GMSIL”). Tell us a bit about these. Are co-curricular and extra-curricular roles important for a law student?
I think 5 year is a really long time if you have to just study law, so it is very important that you keep your interest going with other things. I have always loved playing music. I have even trained in Hindustani Classical. GNLU had a bunch of extremely talented musicians who formed the music club (a tradition that I’m glad to know has continued). Something very special and beautiful happens when a bunch of strangers with very varied backgrounds and interests in music come together to create music. I forged some excellent friendships through the music club, and I did it mostly for myself. It helped survive the grey walls.
The Organising Committee roles started because I wanted to be among the “cool kids” on campus during GIMC. But over a period of time, it taught me responsibility and very strong organisational skills. The Organising Committee itself is divided into sub-teams for logistics, sponsorship, PR and hospitality, which have their respective team heads or coordinators. Organising a moot which witnesses such wide participation from teams and judges is a crash course in event management. By our 5th year, some of us who were part of the GIMC-OC founded GMSIL because to bridge the need for a moot exclusively for securities and investment law. Our moot court coordinator, Dr. Girish R. liked the proposal and took the idea forward. The University administration was extremely cooperative and helpful, and we had another moot to organise!
Co-curriculars are definitely important for an all-round development, and somewhat even necessary given today’s competitive environment. I am not sure if extracurriculars help directly. Being involved with the organising committee of a moot court competition may not help you with job applications. But they do form good conversation starters. As an OC member, whether you like it or not, you will know something or the other about the moot problem, and learn a lot simply by hearing the oral arguments. Some of the younger judges who come might also help in mentoring and guiding.
Winning the Best Speaker at the 3rd All India Corporate Law Moot Court Competition and receiving an Honourable Mention at the 23rd Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot in Vienna are impressive achievements. Could you share some insights into these experiences and their impact on your career?
It is incorrect to equate good speaking skills in a moot with a good career in litigation or even law, generally. Moot problems help you think. They come closest to making a student apply the law, think on your feet, and experiment with legal arguments. I picked up a lot on coherent, crisp, and succinct drafting when I was doing Vis (all credits to my team – Muskan, Shweta and Catherine, and to our team coach – Zehaan). Drafting is a very underrated skill. It is extremely important to be able to convey legal arguments in simple words and in a structured manner to have maximum impact on the reader.
As far as oral argumentation goes, the preparation for Vis was very different compared to AICLM. With AICLM our focus was very much on the law and clarity of thought and expression. Since it was a national moot we expected the judges to ask questions and preparation was done accordingly. Vis was trickier. We had prepare for arguments before judges from different jurisdictions who were used to hearing very different accents and dialects. I remember hitting rock bottom at one point in my preparation for the oral rounds, because I felt that I wasn’t getting better. Things got better once I identified that I cannot go by a scripted speech. In that sense, moot court competitions helped me discover an individual style of argumentation.
Most moot court competitions are based on a new and upcoming legal issue. They’re a great way to keep on your toes about legal developments and interesting areas of law. My main reason for participating moots was because they were a great learning experience.
You secured a pre-placement offer with Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas in your 3rd year at GNLU. What would be your placement advice to students?
Honestly, I had not given much thought to placements back then. Our University had an excellent placement and internship committee which worked towards ensuring that students had internships and placements. I can’t speak of the standard procedures today but back then, a PPO was the culmination of repeat internships at any office. I had performed fairly well at my internships with the erstwhile AMSS. I was amongst the top rankers in my batch and had a well-rounded CV. Those factors did play a very large role in securing the PPO.
A strong resume is imperative for higher chances at a placement with any top-tier firm. But that does not necessarily mean an “academically good” resume. I can’t generalise but I think when firms come for placements, they are looking not just for talent, but also for a candidate that fits well with the larger work culture and ethos of the firm. Not everyone is a good fit for every firm.
How was your experience of working at CAM, Delhi. Did it seem daunting at first? What tips would you give to fresh joinees at a law firm?
It was quite daunting in the beginning. It was the first time that I was living in Delhi by myself. But I shared a home with some of my college seniors who took out the time and energy to guide me. There was a fair bit of inhibition and self-doubt. What helped was to have seniors around who could guide, and I was quite fortunate that way. It is important for everyone to understand that there is a bit of a jump from being an intern to being an Associate at a law firm. Nobody is inherently good at law. Good lawyers are a by-product of good training.
I don’t have many tips for fresh joinees. Each team and each firm has a different style of working and requires a different skill set. Diligence, honesty, sincerity, humility, patience and a willingness to learn are just the starting points. It’s essential to look after one’s health – we often ignore that when we’re starting out.
What were your reasons for leaving a Tier-1 law firm and joining litigation? What advice would you give to students who want to join litigation?
I wanted to be in and out of court more regularly and practice a wider range of law. I had great exposure at CAM, but the learning curve had started to plateau. I didn’t want to get too comfortable with the money and decided to move out young after finishing 2 years at CAM. That decision worked out really well for me because I had learnt my basics and was able to get up to speed on matters very easily.
The usual advice on patience and perseverance in litigation is quite common so I won’t repeat that. I have two pieces of advice for students. First, the horse is as good as the stable (as said by Fali Nariman in his autobiography). Find an office or a chamber which will really help you blossom into the best version of you.
Second, figure out your “why” of continuing with litigation. Law in general is a demanding and challenging profession, if you want to go about it the right way. It looks very different from the outside than it is on the inside. So, you really need to have a pretty strong reason to be a litigating lawyer – it can be anything, whatever keeps you going. For me, it was not the money, or the adrenaline rush of being in court, or the glamour of being a senior advocate. At the risk of sounding nerdy and naïve, I have continued with this purely because I like reading briefs, I love reading law, I like applying my mind to the case and to the law, and I like drafting. The practice of law brings me peace and satisfaction.
Please tell us more about working at a Chamber in Delhi. How is it different from working in the litigation team at a law firm?
I joined the chambers of senior advocates after my stint at CAM. With a senior’s office you don’t draft so much but you are handling a larger number of matters on a given day. The drafting is already done by the firms and advocates who come to brief the senior. The input expected from a junior is to be thorough with the briefs they’re marked on, prepare notes for arguments and be quick on the uptake and legal research. All this happens post 3-4 PM when you are back in office from court. In court, a big part of your job is to keep tabs on what matters are reaching, avoid a clash to the extent possible and ensure that your senior appears in them. This last part is very important because all preparation goes to waste if your senior does not appear and the matter gets adjourned.
Why did you decide to qualify as an Advocate on Record? Can you share some insights into the process of qualifying as an Advocate on Record and its impact on your career?
The decision to qualify as an AOR was influenced due to the chambers that I had worked or interned at. I had interned with HMJ (Retd.) Indu Malhotra (before her elevation), who had been an AOR before being designated as a senior advocate, another internship with ADP Chambers where Mr. Debesh Panda is an AOR. I was already enamoured by the prospect of being an AOR because I witnessed first-hand the kind of responsibility it came with and the skills that it required. Post CAM, I joined the chambers of Mr. Dhruv Mehta, Senior Advocate who used to be an AOR too. I then joined Mr. Jayant Mehta who was an AOR when I joined him but got designated as a senior during my tenure at his chamber. Both my seniors are not only great lawyers but have been excellent draftspersons. I wanted to emulate that and hence, taking the AOR exam was another step in that direction. I also enjoy Supreme Court practice a lot and hope to build my practice as an AOR office.
The impact of becoming an AOR is yet to be seen as I have only recently started my independent office. The process of qualifying is pretty straightforward and the details are available on the Supreme Court website itself. The exam comprises 4 papers – Practice and Procedure, Drafting, Advocacy and Professional Ethics, and Leading Cases.
Your publication record is quite extensive, covering topics from arbitration to competition law. How has academic research and writing contributed to your growth as a legal professional, and do you see a synergy between your academic pursuits and your practical work? Please tell us a bit about your research papers such as, the one on the overlap of insolvency and arbitration laws in India and its implications? How do you decide to write on a particular topic?
Despite several earnest attempts, I have not been able to keep up with a regular habit of writing. It is not mandatory to be engaged with academics and scholarly writing once you are a professional. Whatever little that I have published was purely because I have academic leanings and I enjoy writing on legal topics. I want to be a lawyer who is very actively involved in academia, and I have unrealistic ambitions of being able to author a commentary (someday, who knows?).
The more you read and keep updated, the easier it is to zero in on a topic. Being legally aware and updated automatically leads to a churning and overflow of ideas which often seek release in the form of an article. I also took my research projects in University seriously and chose topics which either piqued my interest or left room for creative scholarly work.
Why did you decide to read for a masters at the University of Cambridge after working for a couple of years. Is post-qualification experience important to secure an admission? What advice would you give to students who want to pursue an LL.M. abroad?
A masters’ degree wasn’t on my agenda when I finished my undergraduate. It was only during practice that I got the opportunity to dabble with very different areas of law. I’m truly grateful to my seniors’ chambers for that opportunity and for planting in me a genuine and deep interest in certain areas of law. I wanted to study these civil and commercial laws in depth and spend time in not just understanding how these laws work, but how they should work, and why.
The importance of work experience depends on the University and the programme that you choose. There is really no one-size-fits-all approach. As far as Cambridge goes, they have a very inclusive selection process and work experience is not a pre-requisite to secure an admission.
Like litigation, figure out your reasons for doing your masters, and tailor your CV accordingly. A masters from a reputed University does increase your chances of getting hired with an international law firm but it is not a ticket to that job. There are people who have moved to international law firms without a masters too! It is best to do a masters right after law school if you know that you want to get into academia. But it is certainly not a necessity if you want to continue practicing law.
How has the LL.M. helped in your career? How did you decide on your LL.M. subjects (International Commercial Litigation, Intellectual Property, Information Law and Advanced Private Law)?
As mentioned earlier, I chose these subjects because I was already familiar and interested in them through my work experience. I didn’t pursue my masters for any immediate or direct advantages to my career as far as employability is concerned. It did tremendously expand my knowledge, understanding and overall ability to think about the legal issues relating to my masters subjects. Since I continue to deal with these practice areas, they do contribute towards my outlook to briefs and my engagement with these laws on a regular basis.
Tell us a bit about your time at Cambridge – curricular and extra-curricular activities, both. What would a typical day look like for you? How challenging was it to deal with the reading lists and the academic work?
Cambridge is a very peaceful and engaging place, almost a respite from the busy hustle bustle of my life in litigation. The whole city is full of students and the culture is such that it fosters academic growth. Every attempt is made by the colleges to help focus by taking care of all other pastoral needs. This is done, perhaps, to ensure that students are able to cope up with the humongous amounts of readings. In the LL.M. course it is not enough to know the law. The professors’ expect that you have thought deeply about your subjects and have reasoned with it well. They are more interested in hearing your original ideas.
During term time, apart from attending class, I used to spend most of my time at my college library or at the reading room trying to cover up just the basic readings for my classes. It was impossible to finish the reading lists during term, so a majority of the break between terms was also spent in finishing the pending readings. For someone who has a genuine interest in their subjects and wants to be thorough, the entirety of the course duration can get used up in just finishing the readings. But the readings were divided into essential and optional to make things easier for students.
It wasn’t all work though. I helped organise the Cambridge Arbitration Days – 2022 at the Faculty of Law. This was one of the first arbitration events that was being held in person post COVID. We had some of the best barrister chambers and solicitor firms come down for the sessions. I met some of the best legal minds here.
I was a member of Darwin College at Cambridge which is right by the Cam River. Matter of fact, the backyard of my house opened into the college gardens which were adjacent to the river. Darwin has a special place in my heart – I made friends from all over the world and across disciplines. You could just be sitting and having a cup of coffee in the café and strike a very thoughtful and enriching conversation with a complete stranger who will most certainly have a thing or two to teach you.
I founded the Law Society at Darwin. I was very active with the swimming club. I would almost never miss our Saturday swims followed by brunch at the college. I did a fair bit of punting and kayaking. I signed up to become a punt captain at my college and by the end of my course I had become an expert at giving people punt rides along the river. I even did a night punting trip! Darwin has the best (and the most affordable) bar in Cambridge and is run entirely by students. I used to bartend once a week and earn some side money. I played a lot of cricket and football. I think I made the most of my time there, but that is how the environment is like at Cambridge. It ensures that you maximize your involvement with everything. This can also lead one astray. So it is important to not lose track of your priorities.
In addition to your litigation work, you have advised on various aspects of data protection laws and have drafted privacy policies. How do you stay updated on evolving legal landscapes, especially in areas like data protection, and what advice would you give to legal professionals on staying current in today’s dynamic legal environment?
I think it is easier to stay updated in today’s legal environment because important cases and developments get reported immediately. I think LiveLaw and Bar&Bench do a pretty good coverage of domestic legal developments. I have also been in the habit of reading international developments by customising my Feedly since I was in law school. There must be newer ways of staying updated now, would appreciate receiving tips on that myself.
A question that is often repeated- How difficult is it to be a first generation lawyer in the litigation circle?
It is difficult for sure, especially if you are not from Delhi, like me. But then again, it is not impossible either. The starting point differs if you are from a family of lawyers and you certainly have an edge over others. Even if you discount legacy, lineage makes things easier purely in terms of rent, expenses, office space, library and resources. But, I’m hopeful that in the longer run everyone does end up finding their ground. I can’t say for other cities but the Bar in Delhi is relatively more welcoming to outsiders. One of my law professors used to say in GNLU – Everyone will end up reaching the same place. If someone has an airplane, let them use that. You take the bus if that’s what you can afford.
I must also count my blessings and check my privilege. I managed to work with some of the best chambers even though I didn’t have any connections to secure an entry for me. Hard work does get recognition across the board. My seniors, and the people I have worked and interned with have always been exceptionally kind to me. I have been able to keep litigation because my parents are not dependent on me and I have no liabilities. I have a spouse and in-laws who have been exceptionally supportive. It wouldn’t have been possible for me to transition to independent practice without their backing. I can imagine the trajectory being far more difficult for someone else.
It is also important to understand that setting up an independent practice is not the only way that one can be a litigating lawyer. People are doing exceptional work at chambers and in law firms, be it small, mid-tier or big law firms. Being part of a team is less stressful than running your own establishment. It also gives more flexibility, allows room for experimenting with varied work, and ability to handle heavy briefs.
As a woman at the Bar, do you face any particular challenges and how do you deal with them? What changes would you suggest for a more inclusive and diverse Bar? What future opportunities and challenges do you foresee?
Women face more challenges in every field (personal or professional) and litigation is no different. A comparison of the number of men and women senior advocates and judges is self-explanatory. But I must point out that a career in litigation has a lot of longevity. There is always scope for coming back after a break, albeit, with initial struggles and difficulties. Since there is no linear career progression, it leaves room to carve a distinct path which may be very different from one’s contemporaries.
There are definitely a larger number of women at the bar today. With passage of time, courts have become more inclusive and accommodative spaces. There are also a large number of women who are re-joining the field once their children have grown up and they don’t need to be caregivers. I’m grateful for the Bar here which has an amazing set of women who have always been very encouraging and supportive. We have a long way to go but I’m hopeful about the future. We are the products of the hard work of all women who came before us and made our lives easier, and I hope that we’ll continue making things better for the future.
Lastly, if you were to provide advice to recent law graduates entering the field today, what key pieces of wisdom or lessons learned would you share with them as they embark on their own legal journeys?
“Own legal journeys” is the operative part here. The legal profession is very wide, diverse and rich. Each person has their fair share of struggles, blessings and rewards. There really isn’t a template to follow. Feel free to experiment, but do a good job with whatever you choose to experiment with. Another piece of advice is to have hobbies outside of law. The profession (and life in general) is far too long to live without poetry, music, sports, food, art and culture.
Can you tell us about your journey into the field of legal recruitment? What inspired or led you to pursue this career path, especially with a background in international commercial law?
“Choose a path less taken in the professional world, for it is here that you will find the opportunities and adventures that lead to true success ’’
This quote truly resonates with my professional trajectory so far. As a first generation lawyer from a family largely involved in business, I was always interested in exploring the nexus between law and the corporate field. Choosing to pursue a degree in International Commercial Law at the University of Bristol came naturally to me since it gave me the opportunity to delve deeper into modules such as IPR, Trade Law and Corporate Finance, and their applicability in a commercial context.
As they say, destiny had other plans and I stumbled upon legal recruitment by chance post graduation. I was intrigued by the business side of law and being at the forefront of engaging with organisations as well as networking with legal professionals from different backgrounds. I am glad I ultimately took that leap of faith and ventured into the path less taken. My journey at Vahura has been nothing short of fantastic. It has given me the opportunity to be at the forefront of interesting projects such as the Covid-19 helpline, advising Fortune 500 companies on hiring requirements and setting up diverse teams from ground up.
Overall, I have evolved as a person and professional year after year. I have become more confident and less shy of my abilities. Vahura has encouraged me to push boundaries and develop a high level of ownership. As a legal consultant, I have built bonds and enduring relationships based on integrity, trust and genuine care.
You’ve had an impressive career with Vahura and achieved various accolades. Could you share some specific experiences or challenges that stand out during your time as a Senior Consultant, especially in the context of setting up legal teams for diverse organisations?
As a legal search/recruitment consultant, the task of assembling a diverse and dynamic team for various organisations is in itself both a challenging and an exhilarating experience. Traditionally, the legal team demands a thorough understanding of the industry nuances and a keen eye for untapped potential. Legal hiring not only requires one to identify and attract talent from various backgrounds and experiences but also meet the job requirements and contribute to the broader perspective/goals of the organisation. The challenge that I have most commonly faced as a senior consultant has been in addressing unconscious biases, promoting inclusivity and advocating hiring strategies or principles in organisations that may not have been fully embraced in the past. For me, it’s been more than just matching qualifications, rather it has principally been about catalysing the advancement of the legal profession – which is our collective mission at Vahura.
In your role as a Senior Consultant, you’ve handled diverse clients from MNCs to startups. How do you tailor your recruitment strategies to meet the unique needs of such a wide range of organisations?
Tailoring recruitment strategies for organisations as diverse as a MNC or a startup is a nuanced endeavour that necessitates a keen understanding of their distinct needs and cultures.
For instance, when working with Multinational Corporations (MNCs), the emphasis often lies on talent acquisition who are well versed with international regulations, compliance and global stakeholder engagement. The focus is also on aligning professionals with a corporate culture that may be well-established. Essentially, MNCs also focus on comprehensive background checks, language proficiency and adaptability to diverse work environments. The experience can usually be daunting and time consuming which requires patience and thorough screening as a recruiter.
Conversely, with startups, the recruitment approach shifts towards identifying talent who thrives in dynamic and high-growth settings. Here, it’s imperative to recognize and emphasise on qualities such as adaptability, innovation and the ability to wear multiple hats. Startups often require candidates who are not only skilled in their specific roles but are also passionate about the company’s vision and mission. The ideal candidate is someone who will take on responsibilities beyond their job description and handle uncertainty or ambiguity with resilience.
In both cases open communication with the hiring organisation has been a key strategy. Understanding their goals and values has more than often facilitated a precise match of candidates to specific corporate needs and cultures, whether that’s within a well-established MNC or a startup.
Could you elaborate on your involvement in the COVID-19 helpline initiative at Vahura? How did you create a database of legal professionals affected by the pandemic layoffs and assist them in finding new opportunities?
The COVID-19 helpline was a collective initiative within Vahura to help the legal fraternity during the most uncertain and challenging times the world has faced in the recent past. As consultants, we witnessed rampant layoffs, redundancy of roles, restructuring of teams and hiring freeze within various organisations. Given our relationship-focused approach with candidates, the team felt that it was imperative we develop a resource to assist professionals whose careers were directly impacted as a result of Covid-19 pandemic. Through the help of social media, we were able to market COVID-19 helpline and received a registration of over 130 professionals on our hotline. These included people who were laid off, retrenched and were available to join immediately. We were successful in placing most of the professionals either through secondments or as a permanent employee once the market began to slowly pick up.
As a part of the marketing team, I was extensively involved in posting market insights, publishing relevant blogs and creating videos to encourage professionals to sign up on our hotline. Additionally, I was also involved in the ‘Once a Lawyer’ series which focused on interviewing law graduates and lawyers who disavowed the world of law to pursue an unconventional career path. Since several professionals were facing a lack of inspiration due to layoff and retrenchments at the time, we showcased how they could try out new things, follow their passions and overcome certain boundaries. The idea was to help them broaden the horizon of opportunities they could pursue, rather than worry about their current state.
All in all, I am grateful for being involved in such a noble project and being able to give back to the legal community. As they say, “True fulfilment in life is found by focussing on virtuous acts which not only create a deeper and meaningful connection but also contribute to a better world.’’
You’ve been an integral part of Vahura’s social media team and contributed to a significant increase in followers. Can you share some tips on leveraging social media for candidate engagement and outreach within the legal recruitment sector?
In the realm of legal talent acquisition, harnessing the power of social media is a dynamic and essential tool for candidate engagement and outreach. Platforms such as LinkedIn, Instagram, Youtube or even Twitter (now X) offer an expansive stage to not only identify potential candidates but also build and maintain meaningful connections within the legal community. As a part of the social media team, I was involved in strategic content sharing such as publishing informative articles, industry insights on our LinkedIn page through knowledgeable and credible resources which gradually attracted an audience interested in advancing their legal careers.
By staying active on the above platforms, we were also able to address candidate inquiries and concerns promptly. Over the years, as we continued to stay visible within these platforms we were not only able to locate the right talent but were also able to build lasting relationships which were mutually beneficial for candidates and employers and ultimately enhanced the effectiveness of the recruitment process.
Your education includes a postgraduate degree in International Commercial Law. How has this academic background influenced your approach to legal recruitment, and how do you see it benefiting your career in this field?
Although I didn’t take the traditional path and practised law, I still owe my education for having a profound impact on my role as a legal recruiter. It has provided me with a deep understanding of complex legal frameworks that govern international business transactions. Additionally, I can assess candidates better, hold a conversation with them and match their goals with the specific demands of multinational corporations looking to build global legal teams based in India.. Further, I have been able to provide valuable insights to organisations and helped them find legal talent best suited to navigate the intricacies of global commerce. I truly believe that a postgraduate degree not only enhances one’s professional credibility and fosters attention to detail but also amplifies their effectiveness in placing top-tier talent in the legal sector.
With your experience in both India and international markets, what differences have you observed in the legal recruitment landscape, and how have you adapted your strategies accordingly?
Navigating the legal recruitment landscape in national and international markets presents unique challenges and opportunities. In the national market, the focus often revolves around familiarity with local laws, regulations, language and an understanding of regional markets and cultures. Strategy in this context may involve building extensive candidate networks and leveraging local connections for candidate and client engagement.
Conversely, the international market demands a broader perspective. The emphasis is on the complexities of cross border law and talent acquisition having a strong pedigree and exposure in global markets. Herein, one needs to be well versed in cultural sensitivities and diverse legal systems. Strategies in this context have ideally involved building a diverse pool of candidates who are open to cross cultural training and have a strong grasp of international legal trends.
In both markets, the approaches are different and building trust as well as credibility is crucial. Ultimately, a legal recruitment consultant needs to be flexible and adaptable to understand the unique dynamics in each of the markets for operating effectively.
Finally, as someone with extensive experience in the legal recruitment sector, what advice would you give to fresh graduates or aspiring legal professionals who are looking to embark on a career in law or legal recruitment?
For fresh graduates and aspiring legal professionals who are seeking a career in law or otherwise, I would like to offer a few key pieces of advice. First, embrace continuous learning and stay curious. The legal field is constantly evolving and a commitment to stay informed or upskill is vital in the legal industry. Second, build a strong professional network as relationships are valuable in both law and consultancy. Attend legal events and connect with mentors who can offer guidance and support. Third, never underestimate the power of practical experience, Internship, clerkship and entry level positions provide valuable insights. Have realistic expectations of the corporate world and refine your career goals accordingly.
Lastly, always maintain integrity, transparency and ethical standards in your work. In any profession trust and credibility are your most valuable assets, more so in the legal field. Embrace these above principles and you will be unstoppable in achieving a rewarding and fulfilling career.
You’ve had an impressive career in the field of indirect tax advisory, but I’m curious to know what initially drew you to the field of taxation. Could you also share your journey and the factors that led you to pursue law as your career?
Thank you for taking interest in my career journey. I come from a business family, and as I grew up, the plan was always to brace the entrepreneurial journey, so I pursued commerce as the stream. I started looking after the books of accounts of our firms as I was graduating, which drew me closer to the number game in terms of the financial management and tax planning, and that is when I decided to pursue Chartered Accountancy.
During my articleship, as we represented clients before the tax authorities, I saw a scope in pursuing law as a career. I was drawn towards the legal aspect of taxation, since even while defending the clients, we used to always rely on the legal jurisprudence. I therefore decided to develop my legal acumen and use the skills that I acquired during my articleship to step into the legal industry and make the most out of it. The immense support that I received from my family and friends during this phase of my career is unforgettable.
Interestingly, when I joined Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan Attorneys, I was the only Chartered Accountant at their Bangalore office. Since then, the journey has been nothing but a rollercoaster, but one which I have thoroughly enjoyed throughout. I consider myself fortunate enough to be able to pursue indirect tax as my core area of practice. And I think the idea to pursue Law along with Chartered Accountancy has been one of the best decisions of my career. Having said the same, I truly aspire to be amongst the leading indirect tax lawyers in the country.
As a Partner at Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan Attorneys, you play a key role in overseeing business development and client outreach. Can you tell us about a specific strategy or initiative you’ve been involved in that significantly contributed to the firm’s growth and success?
This is an interesting question. It is a well known fact that the outcome of business development and client outreach programmes are some of the key indicators to gauge a partner’s performance in law firms. I have been actively involved in such programmes, wherein we quite often discuss and strategize how to identify issues and support clients to structure their business to align with relevant laws. As part of regular business development activities, we try to generate leads and identify new projects in the areas of taxation. These initiatives have steered me to think out of the box and helped me in associating with new clients and securing new assignments from the existing clients as well.
I use social media platforms like LinkedIn and other applications to identify potential work opportunities, and also to share my views on issues that the industry may be facing. My regular interaction with business associations and Government’s grievance redressal committees not only helps me update myself with ongoing legal issues but also enables me to act as a medium for exchanging information between the stakeholders. I also try to attend as well as serve as a key speaker in important networking events through webinars or seminars. As a partner, it is my endeavour to offer strategic business development advice to the leadership, practice groups, and other associates who are working to strengthen their ties with the clients.
One of the most important things that I have realised throughout my journey is the importance of building trust. If your client does not trust you, they will never come to you. Even while providing them advice on the issues, I try to follow-up with them regularly to ensure that they don’t face any issues in implementation of the advice. I am also very active in updating the clients of any changes that are brought into the law which may have an impact in their business. This sense of involvement in their business has helped me gain their trust and confidence over the years. I strongly believe in building professional relationships with clients, which has worked in my favour over the years.
One of your significant achievements was in the implementation of GST (Goods and Services Tax) for various clients across different sectors. Given the complexity of this tax regime, what challenges have you encountered while working with clients from various industries, and how do you navigate these challenges effectively?
When the GST laws were implemented back in 2017, the industry was caught unprepared. That is when our role as indirect tax practitioners played a key factor in providing requisite support to the clients. I very proactively took up the responsibility of understanding business needs for ensuring a seamless and glitch free implementation and smooth transitioning of the old laws such as Central Excise, VAT and Service Tax into the GST regime.
One major challenge that I faced was that as new as the GST laws were for the clients, it was new for us as well. Therefore, understanding the GST laws in depth and to align them with different business models effectively and efficiently with no room for error was a major challenge initially as it required a lot of brainstorming. Maintaining the finest quality of drafts at the shortest turnaround time was another challenge that we overcame as a strong team. However, with time we ensured smooth transitioning of business from the erstwhile laws to GST law.
Tax laws are ever evolving, and we often face challenges in implementing them in the dynamic business environment. However, my interest in these laws is such that I try to keep myself updated with every minor change that is brought in, to make sure that when my clients need some advice, I am updated enough to be able to provide them with a well-researched and practically implementable opinion.
You provide legal opinions and undertake tax compliance review for your clients. Could you share an example of a particularly complex or interesting case where your expertise in this area made a significant impact?
Well, I would not like to call this complex, but an interesting judgement of the Supreme Court last year changed the position of a well settled law. The Apex Court in the case of Northern Operating Systems held that secondment of expatriates from foreign group companies to its Indian counterpart constitutes provision of manpower services and thereby leviable to tax. The industry under the genuine belief was not discharging GST. Pursuant to pronouncement of the said Judgement, the Industry has been receiving show cause notices from the Department with a proposal to demand GST along with interest and penalty, right from 2017. Since the volume of transactions is huge it has adversely impacted the Industry as it has become a huge cost for them. We are consistently working on this issue to justify the position and defend the same at appropriate forums to ensure that the issue does not have any further adverse effect on the industry and appropriate relief is provided to them in a time bound manner. I am hopeful that the Government would consider our submissions and come out with an eagerly awaited relief package for the industry.
You oversee all tax compliances and tax related disputes of your family business. How did this experience in the corporate sector influence your perspective on tax compliance and advisory work, and what lessons did you carry forward into your legal career?
Well, over the years I have learnt that the tax structure does not drive the business, rather it plays a minute but significant role in the decision making process. My experience in the corporate sector has given me a deep insight into how business decisions are taken. Obviously, the decision-making process in a corporate setup is very different from that of a family run business, but the objective of every organisation remains the same, i.e., to grow by being tax compliant.
The major practical challenge comes when I have to implement any advisory by understanding the business from the client’s perspective. The aim is always to be very certain while providing some advice to ensure that even if the same is challenged in the court, I am confident enough to defend the position. It has only taught me the importance of paying attention to every detail, no matter how small it is. An important lesson I have learnt which I strive to carry throughout my career is to never stop learning – every day is new; every day comes with a new challenge and the learning should never stop. I strongly believe that one should always be open to new challenges and opportunities.
Lastly, I would also like to state that my team plays a crucial role in my success, and I wouldn’t be able to reach where I am without them. There have been many life-long lessons learnt along the way, but the core of what sticks with me is the significance of having good team building and communication skills, and to believe and encourage your people to deliver results as a team.
In your role as a partner and throughout your career, you’ve been involved in recruiting and mentoring juniors. What advice do you have for young professionals looking to excel in the field of indirect tax advisory and taxation law?
I would like to say to all young professionals that the dynamics of tax laws is very interesting. It is very important to start early and keep yourself updated regularly. You should have a really strong memory bank to remember and apply the legal provisions and important judgments as you interact with the clients or even colleagues. Have a proper repository of all important case laws and keep them handy for future usage. Stay focussed, be on your toes and develop skills to have a quick turnaround time. You may not realise it now, but the skills to have good turnaround time really does wonders in the long run.
As a young tax professional, one must try and understand practical nuances of law and significance of or rationale behind any amendment, pay attention to facts of each case, be in regular touch with your clients and understand their business by stepping into their shoes. The scope for professional as well as personal growth of tax lawyers in India is immense considering what a niche field of law this is, so make the most of it. It goes without saying that specialisation in a particular field of law is important, but I also believe that one must have a general understanding of allied laws and regulations which is equally important for professionals who are passionate to excel in the field of indirect tax.
Your career highlights include providing advisory and litigation support for multinational clients. What advice can you offer to businesses, especially those with a global presence, to navigate the complexities of international taxation and compliance effectively?
Navigating through the complexities of taxation and compliance can be challenging for businesses with a global presence. It is crucial to have a well-thought-out strategy and a team of experts to ensure you comply with local regulations while optimizing your tax position. I would really like to emphasize to the companies to have a good understanding of local tax laws. Establish a well-documented transfer pricing policy to determine how your transactions with global entities are priced. This helps prevent disputes with tax authorities and ensures compliance with local regulations on Income Tax as well as Customs front. Be aware of any Tax Treaties or Free Trade Agreements between countries. These treaties and agreements can affect the income tax rates you are subject to and the benefits you may receive on import of goods from outside India.
As a policy, MNCs tend to invest heavily on advanced accounting and tax technology solutions to manage their global financial data. These practices help them to automate reporting, improve accuracy, and provide insights into their international operations. One challenge I have observed during all these years is the preparedness of MNCs when it comes to submission of documents and records to tax authorities. It is crucial to maintain meticulous records of all financial transactions and relevant documents. Companies can strategize on identifying potential risks and uncertainties in their tax positions and back them with legal opinion from experts wherever necessary. They can also develop risk mitigation plans and strategies to deal with disputes or unexpected changes in tax laws with the help of their in-house counsels or external consultants.
A fundamental advice I would like to give to the MNCs is to provide tax and compliance training to the employees who are responsible for undertaking financial transactions or dealing in tax matters. This can help prevent inadvertent non-compliance issues. Conducting regular audits and reviewing tax and compliance practices from time to time go a long way to ensure continued adherence to the ever-evolving tax laws.
Finally, as someone with a wealth of experience in the legal and taxation fields, what advice would you like to give to students and fresh law graduates who are just beginning their journey in the legal profession and may be considering a career in taxation law or advisory?
Starting a career in the legal profession, particularly in an area of law such as taxation can be both challenging and rewarding at the same time. Few pieces of advice for students and fresh law graduates embarking their journey in this field is firstly to build a strong foundation in understanding general principles of law before specialising in tax laws. You have to be very patient since tax laws are complex and are constantly evolving. Develop a professional network early in your career. Attend legal seminars, conferences and events to get accustomed to tax jargon. This will really help you build your confidence and develop good communication skills. Seek out mentors who have experience in tax laws and never be hesitant to ask for help.
As part of the education curriculum, students must work on developing strong research, writing and negotiation skills. Be adaptable in your approach to develop problem solving skills and techniques. Lastly, be humble! Kindness plays a pivotal role in establishing yourself in any firm or organization that you will go to.
As a parting remark, I would like to mention that taxation is one of the oldest coded laws, but a niche area of practice and is certainly worth considering as a long term career option.
Can you please share your journey from obtaining a B.A., LL.B (Hons.) degree at National Law University, Delhi, to becoming an Advocate-on-record at the Supreme Court of India? What motivated you to pursue a career in law?
There were no lawyers in my immediate family, in fact I grew up in the beautiful city of Bhopal which despite being the capital doesn’t even have a High Court. I took mathematics and science and it was only in my senior secondary year that law as a profession attracted me. It was my English teacher who saw my potential in law and suggested that I take it up as a profession. At that time little did I know that it would change my perspective towards society completely and give my life a deeper meaning and purpose.
I loved every bit of my time at National Law University, Delhi, it ignited a sincere passion towards law and people here were smart in so many different ways and fields. At NLU, Delhi, I was busy doing assignments, research work, internships, Moot Courts, Mediation & publishing articles. I had no clue that 5 years went by so quickly. I enjoyed mooting, I guess it came naturally to me, it gave my exposure at international level at Jakarta (Indonesia), Malaysia and Cape Town (South Africa). I was part of the Moot Court Organizing Committee and also Convener of the Student Welfare Committee at NLU, Delhi. When I graduated with a degree in law I was selected in western universities with partial scholarship & fee waiver and also at Indian Law Institute, Delhi for LLM (1 year program) but I chose to start practicing law and learn in the chamber and before the Courts.
Becoming an Advocate-on-Record was a necessity for me being a first generation advocate practicing at the Supreme Court. It was with God’s grace and years of chamber practice that I was able to attain this milestone in my very first attempt despite the challenges that came along with the way. When I cleared the AOR exam, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic was already here and that gave me an opportunity to pursue a master’s degree in law. I did my LLM in constitutional law and administrative law during that period. It motivates me that as advocates not only we contribute in the justice delivery system but also keep the faith of the masses in our wonderful system & constitution, despite the challenges, flaws and adversities.
You’ve had a diverse range of experiences in different legal chambers and roles. How didthese experiences shape your understanding of the legal profession, and what valuablelessons did you learn during this time?
In my final year of law school while interning at the office of Sr. Adv. Sidharth Luthra I realized that litigation at the Supreme Court of India is my calling. After enrolling as an advocate I joined the chamber of Sr. Adv. Rebecca M. John where I got an opportunity to work on leading criminal cases including cases involving heinous crimes, CBI trials, trap & disproportionate asset cases and many more. This gave me hands-on experience of addressing the court & arguing, drafting and filing, observing examination in chief & conducting cross-examinations and also further enhanced my court craft. After a year, I joined the Chambers of Sr. Adv. Gopal Subramanium, where I assisted him in variety of matters before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India & other High Courts. Sir, dealt with various issues such as constitutional matters, writs, challenging varies of Acts, election petitions, criminal appeals, opinion on Delhi as State or Union territory, tender and mining cases, intellectual property matters & so on.
During this time as a chamber junior I learnt a lot about the legal profession, most importantly how to approach any case, how to extract facts and not only to simplify the most difficult situations/ facts/ documents but also to present it in a manner which is easy and effective to understand. Understanding of law is only one part of practice of law, its application on given facts as they come from the lower court, after various testimonies of witnesses and their cross examinations is not the same thing. It is only when you apply yourself to the given factual matrix and understanding of law, that you can unravel the truth and get justice for your client(s). Above all, never compromise with your professional ethics and morals. Give yourself a little grace, don’t have unrealistic expectations or look for magic to happen overnight, give it time. It takes years and its own time so just be honest, humble and diligent with your work and don’t lose patience or hope.
Could you tell us more about your interest in these specialized areas of criminal law,original suits before the Supreme Court of India (Suits between states) & river waterdisputes and how they have influenced your legal practice?
Criminal jurisprudence and penal law always fascinated me, perhaps it was the small town factor along with the media reporting where news reports covered major financial & heinous crimes regularly. They also covered interesting arguments of the lawyers appearing in those cases and opinions on its impact in general. Every student of law knows that bail is the rule and jail is an exception. There are so many cases where courts have emphasized bail should be granted, even recently by order dated 30.07.2023 in MD. Asfak Alam v. the state of Jharkhand & Anr. The Hon’ble Supreme Court reiterated the directions issued earlier and as well as other directions to emphasize unnecessary arrest should not be made & bail should be granted especially in cases where punishment is less than seven years. Thus given the grim situation we have there is so much one can contribute in the field of criminal law & more importantly I feel fortunate that I can actually help people get justice and live a life outside prison.
It is very important to resolve disputes that arise between states/ union & states for the integrity of our country. It is not only the government which is at stake here but also lives, peace and prosperity. When the suit is between two states which are equally independent and part of the same constitutional framework, the suit is instituted at the Supreme Court of India which has to find a solution and pass a decree. Similarly a life & prosperity depends on the river water availability and this gives rise to disputes where the upper riparian doesn’t provide the water to the lower riparian state. Such disputes are heard before the River Water Disputes Tribunal and where the claims of the states are heard and their shares are determined. They also lead to Original Suits for enforcement of agreements, power distribution, for seeking mandatory injunctions and for control & administration between the States &/ or Union. Both these areas have significantly influenced my practice as on one hand there are criminal cases and suffering of the individuals waiting for justice and to come out of prison and on the other hand issues that will affect millions of people in different states.
As a practicing lawyer, you’ve represented clients in various matters before the SupremeCourt of India and other high courts. Could you share a memorable or challengingexperience that had a significant impact on you and your career?
Early in profession I was approached to file a bail application, where client was arrested for the offence of rape. This one stands out in particular because I was able to get the client out on bail in one day from the lower court itself. We were able to establish that this woman was not only married to someone else and seeking settlement from her present husband but in the last 2 years she had filed over 5 complaints in different police station against different individuals alleging rape on the ground of false promise of marriage. Eventually case was quashed by the Hon’ble High Court. While I was legal advisor at National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, I came across this case where a tribal women was raped and police was not even ready to take her complaint, much less the registration of an FIR. This case touched me because it made me realize that despite 75 years of independence our forces are still in colonial hangover, where the station head officer feels he is the king & his word in the law. There is no audience for the downtrodden in his police station. With commission intervention police became active, FIR was registered and investigation was done, commission also recommended stern action against the erring police officials. In another case, I have a decree in my clients favor passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court almost two decades ago but looking into the sensitivity of the matter and the geo-political implications, the Hon’ble Court was pleased to direct the central Government to play an active role to mediate the matter. This matter highlights the importance of mediation as all levels and parties should consider it not to complete the formality but put in real effort to resolve the dispute.
In your experience, what are the key skills and qualities that a successful lawyer shouldpossess, especially for those who aspire to practice at the highest levels, like the SupremeCourt?
Lawyer should be hard working and honest to begin with, he should be ready to put in the analytical abilities and also the hours required to complete the draft or prepare the arguments. He must be consistent and diligent, each and every case must be prepared very carefully, and detailed legal research should be carried out on the subject, not only he should go through the latest judgments but also how law has developed over the years on the concerned issue. Lawyer must have good analytical ability, he should be able to extract facts, information from the factual details & complex documents provided by the client, testimonies of the witnesses. Attention to detail is very important for any lawyer for instance any inconsistencies during the cross examination must be caught on the spot. Whether it’s the witness testimony or the inconsistency in the documents, attention to detail can save your day and present surprises in the middle of a hearing. Other important skills include, time management, keeping your documents organized (even on the electronic devices as a lawyer one must keep documents and files up to date & organized), legal writing skills as not only oral arguments but also petitions/ applications/ written submissions have to be simple to understand and yet very persuasive and lastly interpersonal skills as lawyers have to interact with clients and other professionals on regular basis.
You mentioned providing free legal advice to the underprivileged through a Legal Helpline.Can you share the importance of pro bono work in the legal profession, and how can younglawyers get involved in such initiatives?
It is very important that we give back to the society we live in. It is even more important for a lawyer to do so because we form part of this privileged and noble profession, where we understand not only the rights and duties but also the general state of affairs in the country. We can see when the law is wrong, when it will not stand in court of law and when it is being misused thus it is our responsibility to take action and help those who cannot afford to fight their own legal battles. Many times people are not even aware that legal aid is available in the courts and if someone tells them able the procedure of getting legal aid or where the office for legal services are situated, that in itself a huge help for them. A young lawyer may have difficulty taking up the case pro bono due to the financial incapacity and lack of experience but he can provide his opinion and also guide the person / fill the application for getting legal aid, which will enable the needy to get assistance and representation from the concerned legal services authority.
Finally, what advice would you give to recent law graduates who are just starting theirlegal careers? What lessons have you learned along the way that you believe would bevaluable for them as they embark on their own journeys in law?
Be patient and take your time to decide how you want to serve, look for your calling. Whether you want to litigate or be a judge, teach law and become a professor, join the civil services or a law firm or a corporate house. In litigation, first look for a mentor, a chamber where you will unlearn the bookish knowledge and learn the practice of law. It is under the able guidance of your senior that one honed their skills, collects the tools necessary for future cases. Be prepared to be a student of law for all your life, develop a habit of reading daily, not just law but also other subjects. Be through with the research and apply your mind, be analytical and work on your legal writing skills. In any chamber first way to prove your ability and to bind trust and credibility with your senior is through in depth research (not just reading of headnotes, but developing habit of reading the cases & commentaries cover to cover) and by legal writing skills reflected through the drafts. Don’t be scared of working long hours and working hard but at the same time manage your time wisely to ensure no clients suffer because of you. Lastly, enjoy the journey in law, you have a long way to go.
Can you share with us what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? What led you to specialize in areas like Cyber Crimes, IT & Cyber Security, Arbitration, Customs, and Criminal & Matrimonial Litigation?
As a practicing cybersecurity advocate, a career in law was never planned nor I ever dreamed of it. “I prominently believe everything happens to be destiny. Whatever happens, happens for a reason!” My journey sounds too cinematic. Growing up, I was fascinated by technology and electronics, which led me to pursue a degree in Computer Science. However, my father had different plans for me, and he enrolled me in a Political Science program against my wishes. At first, I was resistant to the change, but I eventually found myself becoming increasingly interested in the subject matter. The coursework provided me with a deep understanding of society, politics, and the justice system, which sparked my curiosity and drive to learn more. Then came a pivotal moment in my journey. My friends encouraged me to take the LLB entrance exam during my penultimate year, and against all odds, I secured a seat while they did not. Little did I know that this decision would shape my destiny as a legal professional. Today, I stand here with qualifications in LLB, LLM, Cyber Law, Intellectual Property Rights, Arbitration, and International Law and Diplomacy. My deep rooted passion for technology and computer knowledge led me to specialize in Cyber Security and Gaming Laws. With only a handful of professionals in the field, I saw an opportunity to fill a gap and make a real difference. Additionally, my extensive experience in customs litigation has become another area of expertise for me.
Looking back, I realize that life doesn’t always turn out as we plan it. Sometimes, unexpected opportunities arise, and it’s up to us to seize them. My journey may have started unconventionally, but it’s taught me to embrace the unknown and trust in fate. Today, I proudly serve as a cybersecurity advocate, helping individuals and organizations navigate the complex digital landscape and protect themselves from threats lurking in the shadows of the internet.
My story serves as a reminder to every first-generation lawyer, that sometimes the most unlikely paths lead to the most fulfilling destinations. So, my message to you is this: Embrace the unexpected twists and turns in your journey. Trust in destiny’s plan and allow it to lead you to greatness. Who knows, you might just discover your true calling in the most unexpected places.”
With your diverse academic background and numerous certifications, including being a Gold Medallist in Cyber Law, could you tell us how your education has shaped your legal career and expertise in these fields?
As I mentioned earlier, my journey into law was not a premeditated plan but rather a series of destiny’s intriguing twists and turns. I began my academic voyage with a foundation in Computer Science, guided by my innate curiosity and fascination with technology. While this might have seemed like an unconventional start for a future lawyer, it laid a solid groundwork for what was to come. This diverse subject knowledge has enabled me to better comprehend the legal implications of cybercrime and the importance of robust cybersecurity measures.
My passion for technology, combined with my computer knowledge, naturally led me to specialize in Cyber Security and Gaming Laws. I recognized the scarcity of Cyber Advocates in our country and thus realized how to make a profound impact on India’s digital Legal Cyberspace. My journey has been filled with unexpected opportunities and challenges, each contributing to my growth as a practicing Cyber Security Advocate. The Gold Medal in Cyber Law is a symbol of dedication, hard work, and a commitment to excellence in a rapidly evolving field. It is a testament to my dedication and commitment to excellence. It has given me a unique edge in understanding the nuances of cyberlaw and its applications in various jurisdictions. My certifications in Cybersecurity, Data Protection, Artificial Intelligence, Crypto and Bitcoin industry have further strengthened my ability to provide comprehensive legal solutions to clients.
As technology continues to evolve, it’s crucial for legal professionals to stay updated on the latest legal advancements and their implications on the law. As a practicing cybersecurity advocate, I remain dedicated to continuously updating my knowledge and skills to provide the best possible service to my clients.
To those who aspire to follow a similar path, I would advise you to be open to exploring diverse academic disciplines and certification programs. Embrace lifelong learning and stay committed to developing your skills and knowledge. With persistence, dedication, and the right guidance, you too can build a successful career in cybersecurity law and make a positive impact on upcoming AI, Metaverse and Cyber nauseas.
Your experience spans working with prominent law firms, senior advocates, and even in-house internships. How have these experiences influenced your perspective on the legal profession, and what valuable lessons have you learned along the way?
Throughout my legal journey, I had the opportunity to collaborate with prestigious law firms, senior advocates, and in-house legal teams. To be candid, my interactions with senior advocates and law firms were not always positive. As a legal associate, I came to understand the stark difference between employment and exploitation. In many instances, I felt more exploited than employed. I witnessed that some lawyers, often with privileged backgrounds, ventured into legal practice without truly grasping the challenges faced by first-generation lawyers like myself – the struggles, the emotional toll, and the pressures from our families. Unfortunately, much of my early litigation work did not offer significant financial support; instead, it exploited me both financially and mentally.
It became evident that many senior advocates did not provide fair compensation, and I encountered lawyers who failed to even reimburse basic office expenses or travel costs. Some would demotivate or discourage newcomers, insisting that litigation is a brutal profession and advising us to switch careers. The toxic work culture, demanding hours, late-night commitments, and instances of sexual harassment involving female students and lawyers revealed some harsh realities within the profession.
However, not all experiences were negative. I learned that, as junior lawyers, we don’t expect much from our mentors – all we seek is respect, adherence to professional ethics, and a valuable learning experience. Ironically, professional ethics often seemed like a theoretical subject during law school but held significant importance in litigation practice. Fortunately, there are professionals who uphold these values and serve as exceptional mentors. Some treat you like family, some as employees, and some younger advocates mentor you as a friend, guiding you through the basics of the legal profession. No matter what they will be at your back and will teach you nitties gritties of this profession.
All you need is a great mentor, unfortunately I haven’t found any during my learning span but these experiences have underlined the critical role of mentorship and the importance of learning from seasoned professionals. They’ve taught me that the legal field is far more nuanced than it may appear at first glance. As a practicing cybersecurity advocate, I will continue to uphold these principles and inspire others to do the same.
As the founder of AK Bhambri & Associates, what motivated you to establish your own law firm? Could you tell us about the key focus areas and goals of your firm?
The Motivation was driven by a desire for independence, creativity, and autonomy. I always wanted to break free from the constraints of traditional law firms and create a space where I could practice law & learn on my own terms. This sense of freedom and litigation spirit is something that resonates deeply with me in order to establish my own path in the litigation practise. The challenges I faced in my early career served as a catalyst for this decision.
My firm’s primary focus areas reflect the lessons I’ve learned and the traditional principles I hold on to. Our firm aims to provide legal services that prioritize fairness, transparency, and ethical conduct. Our goals include advocating for justice, particularly in areas where I’ve witnessed exploitation and challenges faced by new entrants to the legal field like litigation interns and fresh law graduates. We strive to create a work environment that fosters mentorship, learning, and professional growth, addressing the lack of support I experienced during my journey. We aim to be a beacon of hope for young advocates, offering them not just legal guidance but also a sense of belonging and support.
Our firm places a strong emphasis on adaptability, recognizing that the legal landscape is ever-evolving, especially in areas like Cyber security and IT, A.I and Metaverse. We aim to stay at the forefront of legal developments and provide cutting-edge solutions to our clients.
Overall, AK Bhambri & Associates serves as a model for what can be achieved through hard work, determination, and a willingness to take risks. It inspires me to pursue my dreams and create my own success story in the legal profession stems from a deep-rooted commitment to justice, mentorship, and making a positive impact in the legal profession, particularly for those who, like me, have faced adversity along the way.
You’ve been actively involved in seminars, webinars, and authored publications in the field of Cyber Law. Could you share some insights from your experiences as a speaker and author in this domain?
I have had the privilege of sharing my insights and expertise with diverse audiences through various platforms, including webinars, seminars, and guest lectures at law schools. Drawing from my experiences as an established Cyber advocate, having successfully hosted over 50 webinars, seminars, and guest
lectures in esteemed law schools, I’d like to share some valuable insights from my journey as a speaker and author in the domain of Cyber Law, AI, Metaverse, and Cybersecurity.
Through my extensive involvement as a speaker and author in the domain of Cyber Law, I have had the privilege of sharing knowledge and engaging with diverse audiences. It’s been immensely gratifying to witness the enthusiasm of young minds eager to explore the intricate world of Cyber Law and related fields.
Engaging with students, legal professionals, and enthusiasts has emphasized the need for ongoing education in areas like cyber security and AI, which are crucial for addressing contemporary legal challenges. As a speaker and author, I’ve had the opportunity to bridge the gap between Cyber law theory and Cyber security insights, helping aspiring legal professionals comprehend the real-world implications of the IT laws. Moreover, these experiences have reaffirmed my belief in the power of education and knowledge sharing. Each seminar, webinar, or lecture is an opportunity to inspire the next generation of legal experts and to encourage critical thinking and innovative problem-solving.
In sum, my journey as a speaker and author in the realms of Cyber Law, AI, Metaverse, and Cybersecurity has been a remarkable one, marked by the mutual exchange of insights and a shared commitment to advancing the field of law in an increasingly digital world.
You’re an Editorial Board Member of prestigious legal publications and a member of various legal associations. How do you balance your legal practice with your contributions to the legal community, and why is this important to you?
I actively participate as an Editorial Board Member in prestigious legal publications and hold memberships in various legal associations. Balancing my legal practice with these commitments is a testament to my dedication to the legal community and its continued growth. While my legal practice is vital to my career and livelihood, I recognize that giving back to the community and sharing my expertise with others is not only fulfilling but also beneficial to the advancement of the legal profession. This equilibrium is crucial to me because it allows me to bridge the gap between practical legal work and the broader legal discourse. My contributions to legal publications and associations are an extension of my commitment to staying at the forefront of legal developments, particularly in Cyber Law and related fields. It enables me to share insights, best practices, and expertise gained from my legal practice with a wider audience.
By participating in discussions, publishing articles, and presenting at conferences, I help raise awareness about critical issues and promote the evolution of legal frameworks that address the rapidly changing landscape of cyberspace. Moreover, being part of legal associations and editorial boards fosters a sense of community and collaboration. It connects me with like-minded professionals and provides a platform for networking and the exchange of ideas. These interactions, in turn, enrich my legal practice and keep me updated on emerging trends and challenges in the legal landscape.
In essence, balancing my legal practice with contributions to the legal community is a symbiotic relationship. It allows me to give back to the profession that has provided me with a fulfilling career while also enhancing my own legal expertise and professional network. Ultimately, striking a balance between my legal practice and contributions to the community is not only important for my personal satisfaction but also essential for the growth and success of the legal profession. By dedicating myself to both aspects, I aim to create a positive impact that extends beyond my immediate sphere of influence and contributes to the betterment of society as a whole.
Your firm also runs a unique program called “Cyber Noses Project.” Could you elaborate on the goals and impact of this initiative?
In my capacity as an established Cyber advocate, my firm spearheads a distinctive initiative known as the “Cyber Noses Project.” This endeavour is driven by our commitment to raising awareness about cybersecurity, I.T, AI and fostering a proactive approach to digital safety.
The name “Cyber Noses” draws inspiration from a fusion of Greek mythology and the cyber world. In Greek mythology, the story of Narcissus, a character known for his obsession with his own reflection, serves as a cautionary tale about self-absorption and vanity. The term “narcissism” is derived from Narcissus’ name. In the same context “Cyber Noses” the name takes on a unique and symbolic meaning. It signifies the need for individuals to be vigilant and self
aware in the cyber world, much like Narcissus should have been aware of his own reflection. It emphasizes the importance of looking beneath the surface of the virtual world to protect oneself and others from cyber threats and dangers.
Our program focuses on creating a comprehensive curriculum that covers a wide range of topics related to cybersecurity, data privacy, and digital citizenship. We tailor our training sessions to meet the specific needs of each group, ensuring that
participants receive relevant and age-appropriate information. The primary objective of this initiative is to impart practical knowledge and skills related to cybersecurity to a diverse audience, including students in schools, participants in NGOs, and aspiring legal professionals in law schools. Through hands-on training sessions and workshops, we aim to equip individuals with the tools and understanding necessary to navigate the digital landscape safely and responsibly. It seeks to simplify complex cybersecurity concepts and make them accessible to all, regardless of their prior background or expertise. By providing practical training, we empower individuals to protect themselves and their communities from cyber threats, data breaches, and online vulnerabilities.
The impact of this initiative is far-reaching. It not only enhances digital literacy but also contributes to building a safer and more secure digital environment. Participants gain the confidence to navigate the online world effectively and become advocates for cybersecurity within their respective spheres of influence.
Ultimately, the “Cyber Noses Project” embodies our dedication to giving back to society by sharing knowledge and skills that have the potential to safeguard individuals and organizations in an increasingly interconnected digital age.
Given your extensive experience in both litigation and arbitration, could you explain the key differences and challenges between these two aspects of legal practice?
Litigation and arbitration are two distinct forms of dispute resolution, each with its unique set of rules, procedures, and strategies. Litigation refers to the process of taking a dispute to court, where a judge will hear arguments and evidence from both parties and render a binding decision. Arbitration, on the other hand, involves submitting a dispute to a neutral third party, known as an arbitrator, who will review the evidence and arguments presented by both sides and issue a non-binding award.
One of the main differences is the level of formality and structure involved in each process. Litigation tends to be more formal and structured, with strict rules of procedure and evidence that must be followed whereas arbitration is generally considered to be a more flexible and informal process, with fewer rules and procedures to follow.
Another significant difference is the role of the decision-maker. In litigation, the judge plays a central role in deciding the outcome of the case, while in arbitration,
The arbitrator acts as a facilitator and mediator, helping the parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.
From a practitioner’s perspective, one of the biggest challenges of litigation is managing client expectations. Clients often have high hopes for a favourable outcome, and it can be difficult to manage their expectations when the judicial system moves slowly or unpredictably. Additionally, litigation can be expensive and time-consuming, which can put pressure on attorney fees and billing.
Arbitration, on the other hand, offers several advantages over litigation. It can be faster and less expensive than going to court, and it allows parties to choose an arbitrator with expertise in the subject matter of the dispute. However, one of the most significant challenges of arbitration is the limited scope for appeal. Unlike court decisions, arbitral awards are generally final and binding, leaving little room for error or challenge. Both litigation and arbitration demand distinct skill sets. Litigators must excel in courtroom advocacy, legal research, and the ability to present a compelling case before a Magistrate. Arbitrators require expertise in negotiation, procedural rules, and specialization of the subject matter. Overall, both litigation and arbitration have their strengths and weaknesses, and choosing the right approach depends on the specific circumstances of each case.
Finally, as a successful legal professional, what are the key principles or strategies you would recommend to young lawyers embarking on their professional journey in the legal field?
First and foremost, I would strongly advise aspiring lawyers to follow their passion and interests when pursuing internships or career opportunities. One of the biggest challenges is trying to stand out in a crowded field and secure a job in a reputable law firm. Unfortunately, many law students seem to be focusing on the wrong things, such as collecting certificates from internships rather than developing practical skills and gaining real-world experience. Don’t just chase internships for the sake of certificates. Certificates alone won’t set you apart; it’s your skills and expertise that truly matter.
Secondly, avoid blindly following the crowd or pursuing internships simply for the sake of numbers on your resume. The quantity of internships does not necessarily correlate with the quality of your learning experience. Instead, prioritize internships and experiences that genuinely contribute to your growth as a legal professional.
Third, young lawyers need to focus on building their practical skills, including research, writing, and advocacy abilities. These are the skills that will ultimately make them valuable assets to law firms and clients alike.
Lastly, networking is critical in the legal profession. Young lawyers should strive to connect with experienced attorneys, judges, and other legal professionals, as these connections can lead to valuable insights, mentorship, and even job opportunities. Attending conferences, joining professional organizations, and participating in online communities are all great ways to expand one’s network.
In conclusion, my advice to young lawyers is to be discerning in your choices, focus on building your knowledge and skills, and don’t lose sight of your passion and interests. Your dedication to genuine learning and growth will be the most significant factor in your success in the legal field.
Can you please share the story of what initially drew you to pursue a career in law? Was there a particular moment or experience that ignited your interest in this field?
To begin with, I had no one in my family who was a lawyer or who I could look up to for guidance in terms of a legal career. I’m a first generation lawyer who like most regular students was preparing for engineering at a point in time. It was only in class 12 when I realised that subjects such as Physics, and chemistry which were necessary for engineering were not my cup of tea. After finishing school, I just got an inkling towards Law so I started preparing for law entrance exams and happened to clear the entrance of IP University with a good rank so I decided to pursue B.A. LLB (H) from Amity Law School affiliated with IP University which was back then one of the top law colleges for pursuing law in India. And to this day, my passion in the field has grown every day striving to be the best in the field.
Your academic background shows a diverse range of legal coursework, from Criminal Law to Intellectual Property Rights. What led you to explore such a broad spectrum of legal disciplines during your education?
Throughout Law School, I had an inclination towards Intellectual Property Rights (IP). One of My internships during law school was at K&S Partners which is a boutique IP firm.
My internship at K&S laid the foundation of my interest towards IP by understanding the importance of the protection of IP in today’s era. Thereafter, I mostly interned in the field of IP in firms such as Lall and Sethi, Sai Krishna & Associates and Indus Law wherein, I got the opportunity to learn from some of the stalwarts in the field of IP. The experience gained during law school in the field of IP helped me secure a job at Lall Lahiri Salhotra (LLS) in their trademarks team where I learnt about the intricacies of Trademarks Law. However, I soon figured that this could not be my only area of practice and that my exposure could not be limited to the Trademark Registry. That in turn made me realise that I also need to explore other areas of law and especially litigation. I always had the zeal of appearing and arguing in court but being a first generation lawyer there was always an apprehension in the back of my mind about succeeding in litigation without any backing in the field whatsoever. After working at LLS for a year, I came across an opportunity at the Chambers of Mr. Sanjeev Bhandari (Former Special Public Prosecutor for CBI in Delhi High Court). I felt this was the right opportunity that would help me expand my horizon in law. Thereafter I was interviewed and I secured a job at his Chambers.
You’ve been actively involved in organizing legal awareness programs and events like the 1st National Debate Competition on ‘Rights of Homosexuals and the LGBTQ community.’ Could you tell us how these experiences influenced your perspective on the legal profession?
My college life at Amity Law School was very theoretical and not very vocational. Soon I realised that I would need to participate in other events as well to broaden my horizon and exposure in law. In the first year, I reluctantly participated in the mandatory moot court competition where I was selected as an extra candidate in case anyone in the first fifteen backed out.
That competition made me realise the importance of extracurricular events in law students ‘ lives. Thereafter, I participated in the 1st National Debate Competition on ‘Rights of Homosexuals and the LGBTQ community.’ Not only were the panellists some of the top names in the field of law but when I dwelled on the insights shared at such events, I realised that law is more than just the curriculum that we were studying. The objective of law is to take everyone’s interest into account without any bias to secure everyone’s rights. Later, in my practice, I keep that at the back of my mind while dealing with cases especially involving the marginal sections of society in mind.
Transitioning from your educational journey to professional experience, you’ve represented clients in various legal domains, including criminal trials, insurance claims, and intellectual property disputes. What motivated you to choose this diverse range of legal work?
My first job in the field was working as a contract consultant with Ernst and Young which was a direct college placement. It was a short stint that gave me a great insight into contract vetting and more importantly, that made me understand corporate culture which has been pivotal for me to deal with my clientele at Chambers of Jain and Kumar. Thereafter, at LLS working for MNCs, I understood the importance of right advisory, diligence and prosecution in the quest to protect their IP. Thereafter, at the same time, I also started feeling the need to broaden my horizon in law and not limit my scope to just Intellectual property rights so early in my career. Later working in the Chambers of Mr. Bhandari, provided me with a solid platform to learn about the complexities of white-collar crimes and banking laws from one of the best in the field. More importantly, I learnt the art of arguing in court and the importance of court craft while representing your Client’s brief.
The three jobs provided me with diverse experience to start my practice by the name of Chambers of Jain and Kumar with my other two partners Ms. Aarushi Jain and Mr. Yojit Pareek. We started this practice to build a full service law firm that could cater to all areas and aspects of law. Luckily, all three of us had different areas of practice coming from diverse practice backgrounds. I spearhead the litigation team in the firm wherein I represent MNCs, Corporates and Individuals in all domains of law in foras across the country up until the Supreme Court. The USP of our firm is to provide one stop solutions for all legal needs under one roof.
During your tenure at the Chambers of Mr. Sanjeev Bhandari, you were involved in complex litigations pertaining to a wide range of legal acts and codes. How did this experience shape your understanding of the intricacies of Indian law?
I owe a lot of my understanding of law to Mr. Sanjeev Bhandari. While assisting Mr. Bhandari, I was the only junior in his chambers. His Chambers provided me with the ideal platform to assist him in representing the Central Bureau of Investigation before the Delhi High Court in some of the most high profile cases in the country. That not only made me understand the optimal usage of time while preparing for a brief but also gave me the golden opportunity to appear against some of the stalwarts in the field. Also, with Mr. Bhandari being one of the leading counsels for banking law in Delhi, I got an opportunity to assist him in complex litigations before DRTs, High Courts and the Supreme Court.
You’ve also worked as an Associate in the Trademarks Team at Lall Lahiri & Salhotra, focusing on intellectual property rights. How has this experience impacted your perspective on the importance of protecting intellectual property in today’s world?
At Chambers of Jain and Kumar, one of our primary areas of Practice is IPR. In my tenure at LLS, while working on some of the well-known brands, I soon realised brand counterfeiting in India is a real issue that needs to be addressed. Today consumers in India with rising awareness relate to the brand and the quality that it brings along. However, to ensure that brand identity remains in place, the importance of IP in India has increased manifold in the last decade. In a developing economy such as ours, no small brand can become big without proper IP protection in place and no big brand today can survive without a good legal team that would advise on their prosecution, diligence and litigation.
In addition to your legal work, you’ve been engaged in pro bono activities, offering legal assistance to those in need. Could you share some insights into the motivation behind your pro bono work and its significance in your legal career?
We at Chambers of Jain and Kumar have a policy to do at least 5 pro bono cases every year. This goal was instilled in my mind back in time during my tenure with Mr. Bhandari working on criminal matters. On the criminal side in the Delhi High Court, I got the opportunity to observe cases of undertrials wherein I used to think in my head that if this particular aspect was presented in a better way, the results could’ve been different and therefore, probably better legal representation could’ve helped that person to protect his fundamental rights. This made me certain that at later stages of my career wherever possible I would try and represent the marginal section of society because law after all cannot be limited to people who can afford top lawyers. This was also one of the reasons that I applied for the Middle income panel on the criminal side of the Delhi High Court in my endeavour to achieve the goal of representing people who do not have the means but require quality legal support.
Finally, based on your journey from education to your current role, what advice would you like to offer to fresh law graduates who are just starting their careers in the legal field? What key lessons or principles have you learned that you believe would be valuable for them to know?
To all the first generation lawyers, one piece of advice that I always give is that the journey is difficult but it’s not impossible. You need a lot of patience, hard work and zeal but later on in your career, you reap the results of the hard work put in in the initial years of your career. Litigation is not only limited to drafting and arguing in court but knowledge and awareness of law plays a pivotal role. With laws changing every day in the form of new legislation and judgements, one has to keep abreast of whatever is happening daily and for that one must keep reading as much as possible to increase awareness which in turn helps to provide holistic advice to your Clients to represent your case in the best possible manner.
