What initially drew you to specialize in banking and finance, given that they are such niche fields? Was law always your first choice, or did your interest evolve over time, and how did your experience at law school shape that journey?
Law was always my first career choice after school, though I did take a 2.5-year break post-graduation to prepare for the civil services exams. During that time, I also enrolled in a regular post-graduation program in Corporate Laws and Management, which kept me connected with my subjects. While not getting selected did dampen the morale, I always had a stronger plan B to practice law. Banking and finance, however, happened by accident. I was inclined toward corporate laws, and during my first corporate internship I realized I enjoyed advisory work and project finance diligence more than litigation, which eventually set me on this path.
In the early phases of your career, you worked with various law firms. What were the key learning experiences that laid the foundation for your practice and deepened your understanding of these niche fields?
I started my career with a boutique law firm where my seniors gave me the right guidance and also the personal space to grow. That early trust helped me take ownership of matters in the project finance space. It gave me vast exposure in banking and finance and laid a solid foundation for my practice.
Over the past decade, you have advised several leading financial institutions and banks. From your perspective, what are some of the most common challenges clients face in large-scale finance and infrastructure deals, and what is your approach resolving them?
The most common challenge clients face is aligning their business targets with regulatory procedures and the internal legal processes of multiple lenders before disbursement. My approach is to simplify the legal risks, break them into practical solutions, and ensure the documents reflect clarity for all stakeholders. This balance builds trust and helps achieve timely closures.
Project finance and structured finance transactions often involve multiple stakeholders across jurisdictions. What have been the most significant challenges in managing the interests of various parties, including cross-border entities?
The most significant challenge is reconciling different regulatory and legal regimes while keeping the transaction commercially viable. Coordinating with foreign law counsel and managing across time zones often adds another layer of complexity. Clear communication and early identification of friction points help me act as a bridge between parties without compromising legal safeguards.
Renewable energy financing is emerging as a key driver of India’s growth. Based on your experience advising on large solar and hybrid renewable projects, what do you see as the biggest opportunities and challenges in financing India’s clean energy transition?
Currently, India’s renewable sector is full of promise with scalability, strong government push, and growing global investor interest. In recent years, I’ve also seen foreign banks gearing up for the Indian renewable market. The major challenges, however, lie in evolving regulations, land/title issues, and tariff uncertainties.
Having worked extensively on both real estate and infrastructure finance matters, what are some of the key differences and unique legal considerations that distinguish these two sectors?
While both real estate financing and infrastructure financing (like roads, ports, hotels, etc.) follow a broadly similar financing structure, real estate deals revolve heavily around title diligence of land and immovable properties. There are also RERA-specific nuances, particularly in the working of escrow accounts, which operate very differently from a standard infra sector financing deal. Each comes with its own unique risks, and navigating them requires sector-specific expertise and tailored solutions.
Looking back at your career so far, what has been the most rewarding or intriguing high-value transaction or case you have worked on, and how did you navigate its challenges?
Some of the most rewarding matters for me have been InvIT financing deals, which often involve complex funding structures at the InvIT level and on-lending to multiple SPVs. These transactions require balancing the interests of lenders with the operational realities of the SPVs. Navigating those complexities through clear structuring and negotiation has been both challenging and extremely fulfilling.
Considering the demanding nature of your work, how do you strike a balance between professional commitments and personal life, and what practices help you avoid burnout?
I believe it’s equally important to spend time with friends and family. I am also lucky to have a life partner who understands the demands of this profession, and she is truly a blessing. We follow a strict rule of avoiding work on weekends. Of course, there are times when the team has to deliver under strict timelines, and being there to support them with execution and strategy is non-negotiable. I also try not to over-commit to clients—discussing timelines with the team beforehand ensures realistic commitments and gives them a sense of inclusion.
What has been your guiding philosophy throughout your career, and how has it helped you grow and manage challenges effectively?
My guiding philosophy has been to stay curious, adaptable, and solution-oriented. Law is dynamic, and no two transactions are alike – embracing that mindset has helped me grow and navigate challenges. I believe consistency and integrity go a long way in building lasting professional relationships. Looking ahead, I see every transaction not just as a legal exercise but as an opportunity to learn, collaborate, and contribute to India’s evolving financial and infrastructure landscape. For me, the real reward lies in building lasting relationships and helping clients achieve their goals with clarity and confidence.
Finally, what advice would you give to young lawyers aspiring to build a career in banking and finance law, particularly those who wish to specialize in real estate finance? What resources would you recommend?
My advice would be to first build a strong foundation in contract and corporate law, and stay updated on RBI and sectoral regulations. This profession demands patience and consistency, so juniors should avoid being impatient and focus on diligence. Stay curious and never hesitate to ask questions, don’t let the fear of being judged stop you from clarifying crucial aspects of the practice. Practical exposure through internships and resources like legal commentaries or transaction-focused case studies are invaluable.
How did you transition from your early years in litigation to regularly appearing before the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the Delhi High Court, and various other forums across the country? What were some key early learning experiences that laid the foundation for your practice?
My transition from the early years of litigation to regularly appearing before the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the Delhi High Court, and other forums across the country was not sudden but a steady climb. I began in the trial courts of Delhi, handling matters where stakes for clients were immediate and personal. Those formative years taught me that advocacy rests on preparation, precision, and respect for procedure. Drafting pleadings instilled discipline, cross-examination taught patience, and interim applications honed the ability to think on my feet.
Gradually, I began assisting in matters before the Delhi High Court. The shift required a different skill: structuring arguments with clarity and economy so that cases could survive preliminary objections. As clients entrusted me with appellate work, I appeared before various High Courts and Tribunals, while also briefing senior counsel in complex matters, learning how to condense large records into strategic briefs.
The opportunity to appear before the Hon’ble Supreme Court followed naturally. It began with assisting in Special Leave Petitions and transfer petitions, and over time, I began appearing independently in interlocutory and final hearings. The guiding principle, instilled in me early on, has remained the same: never step into court without absolute command over your brief.
Looking back, the lessons that shaped me did not come from one case or one forum but from consistently engaging with diverse matters, from trial disputes to appellate work and public interest litigation. Each stage built upon the last, creating a practice grounded not in chance but in cumulative discipline.
As the Founding Partner of CTS Partners LLP, how do you balance leading the firm’s litigation and advisory verticals, and what vision do you have for the firm’s growth in an evolving legal market?
Balancing litigation and advisory is less about dividing time than ensuring both strengthen each other. Litigation shows how contracts hold up when tested, while advisory allows disputes to be anticipated and avoided. At CTS Partners, we built our practice on this philosophy. Our litigation work is rooted in preparation, advocacy, and navigating complex forums, while our advisory practice focuses on precise drafting, foresight, and regulatory clarity, sharpened by lessons from court.
As Founding Partner, I ensure insights flow between the two. A dispute in arbitration refines our contract reviews, while advisory on transactions always factors potential litigation risks. This constant feedback loop is what makes us effective across both fronts.
My vision for CTS Partners LLP is to be recognised not only for competence but for partnering with clients through the entire lifecycle of their ventures, from inception and compliance to disputes and enforcement. In a rapidly evolving legal market shaped by technology and sectoral change, we aim to combine the rigour of the traditional bar with innovation in delivery. With a deliberate focus on sectors like Aviation, Biotechnology, Renewable Energy, and Infrastructure, we seek to build a firm that creates enduring value for clients while shaping standards in emerging industries.
Your grandfather, Hon’ble Mr. Justice K. N. Singh, was a towering figure in the legal fraternity. How did his guidance shape your professional philosophy and influence your career choices?
Law in my family has never been just a profession, it has been a legacy of values passed across generations. My great-grandfather was a judge, my grandfather, Hon’ble Mr. Justice K. N. Singh, served as the 22nd Chief Justice of India, and several of my uncles and cousins have served on the Bench. Growing up, the lessons came not from books, but from conversations with my grandfather where governance, justice, and human dignity were discussed as naturally as daily affairs.
The principle he impressed upon me was simple: “You may choose to earn or choose to learn. If you choose to learn today, Lady Law shall ensure you never have to worry about the other.” From him I learned that credibility rests on preparation, judgment, and integrity, not just oratory. Even after holding the highest judicial office, he valued respectful disagreement if it was backed by logic and research. That humility before the law left a lasting mark on me. I still recall my first matter, a bail application under the Official Secrets Act. Nervous as I was, I narrated every detail to him afterwards. His focus was not the outcome, but the strategy, questions of law, and procedural nuances. The lesson was clear: never enter a courtroom unprepared.
These principles have remained my compass. Whether arguing corporate disputes, pursuing PILs, or handling sensitive criminal trials, every brief is a trust placed in my hands, to be discharged with integrity and dignity. My family’s service to the law is not a pedestal for me to stand on, but a standard to live up to. Legacy, in my view, lies not in offices held, but in the work you do case by case, client by client, cause by cause.
You have worked extensively in the aviation sector, including regulatory compliance, aircraft leasing, and contractual review involving sovereign obligations and global norms. What are the sector specific challenges you encounter, and how do you balance domestic legal frameworks with international regulatory requirements?
My work in the aviation sector began with PSUs such as Air India Engineering Services Ltd. (AIESL), where every matter sits at the intersection of domestic law, international treaties, and operational realities. Whether it is a long-term aircraft lease, an MRO agreement, or a procurement contract, the advice must be technically sound, commercially viable, and compliant with sovereign obligations.
The sector’s foremost challenge is reconciling India’s regulatory framework with global commitments. For instance, an aircraft lease must satisfy the Cape Town Convention while also meeting the Directorate General of Civil Aviation’s requirements. Counsel must draft provisions that withstand scrutiny in Indian courts yet remain recognisable abroad. The PSU context adds another layer, requiring compliance with General Financial Rules and vigilance norms, often at odds with international market standards. Bridging this gap without diluting compliance or commercial feasibility is where legal strategy becomes critical.
Aviation also evolves faster than legislation. Engine configurations, safety protocols, and maintenance cycles change constantly, making flexibility in drafting essential. This requires working closely with engineers, procurement teams, and regulators so that legal language keeps pace with operational realities.
Balancing domestic and international frameworks comes down to identifying the non-negotiables: statutory mandates, governmental approvals, and compliance procedures on one hand; treaty obligations, OEM standards, and global safety norms on the other. Once these are secured, agreements and dispute strategies can be structured to preserve both sides. In aviation, the cost of error is never just financial – it touches reputation and safety. That is why I approach every matter with the objective of delivering solutions that are watertight in compliance, workable in execution, and defensible before both domestic regulators and international counterparties.
You have worked on plant genetics and environmental sustainability. How do you see biotechnology law evolving in India, especially in light of climate change and sustainability concerns?
My engagement with biotechnology law has been rooted in real-world solutions. A case in point is my intervention before the Hon’ble Delhi High Court on the city’s air pollution crisis, where I proposed structured plantation of tissue-cultured Bamboo developed through plant genetics. This variety grows at nearly 1.5 feet per day, reaching 40 feet within two years, is non-invasive, requires minimal maintenance, and has one of the highest carbon absorption capacities among terrestrial plants. Its significance goes beyond ecology—it is also a raw material for CNG, ethanol, and electricity generation, aligning environmental goals with renewable energy targets, employment generation, and revenue creation for the State.
This experience reflects the direction in which biotechnology law in India must evolve. Our current framework, spanning plant variety protection, patents, biosafety rules, and biodiversity obligations, largely operates in silos, whereas real biotechnology projects cut across them. As climate change accelerates, the law will need to shift from merely managing risk to actively enabling innovation with measurable environmental and social value.
Three changes are critical. First, integrating climate and sustainability targets into sectoral approvals so projects with clear ecological benefits face streamlined pathways. Second, creating predictable and time-bound regulatory clearance systems that allow innovators to move from laboratory to field efficiently. Third, balancing commercial exploitation with safeguards for biodiversity, soil health, and community rights. My experience shows that when legal strategy is integrated at the inception of a scientific plan, both compliance and commercial viability are far more likely. The future of biotechnology law in India lies in anticipating regulatory concerns early while enabling science to deliver climate resilience, food security, and economic opportunity.
In the media and entertainment industry, you have handled intellectual property rights, contractual enforcement, and content regulation. How do you approach safeguarding creative rights in an age where digital content is expanding at an unprecedented pace?
Safeguarding creative rights today requires more than reactive enforcement. With content created and distributed at unprecedented speed, the law must be embedded from the inception of a project. Contracts need to be precise and anticipatory, covering ownership, attribution, territories, and protection across emerging platforms, including streaming, interactive media, and AI-assisted formats.
Infringement now extends beyond copying to unauthorised adaptations, derivative works, and misappropriation of concepts. My role is to anticipate these risks and ensure that protective clauses and enforcement mechanisms are in place upfront. Globally, frameworks like the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act provide structured procedures for takedowns and intermediary liability. India, however, still relies on broader provisions under the Information Technology Act, which were not designed for AI-driven content or mass online distribution. This absence of a dedicated framework, especially for AI training on copyrighted material, creates significant gaps for creators.
In this environment, I adopt a proactive approach: contracts that are both jurisdiction-specific and internationally aware, active monitoring of infringement, and swift enforcement across forums. Protecting creative investment requires foresight and adaptability. My objective is to ensure creators can innovate and share their work with confidence, knowing their rights remain secure even as technology evolves.
What has been one of the most challenging cases in your career, and how did you navigate the legal and personal complexities involved?
In the course of practice, we encounter matters that test our interpretation of law, our procedural skill, or our ability to strategize under pressure. Then there are cases that demand far more, cases that place you directly before the rawest realities of human cruelty and compel you to carry forth with both the composure of an advocate and the compassion of a human being.
One of the most difficult matters I have ever handled involved grave offences under Sections 376 and 377 of the Indian Penal Code, along with offences under the POCSO Act. The accused included the father of the victims, a young girl and her brother along with his associates. Representing the children in such circumstances is not merely about applying the statute. It requires a trauma informed approach, where every interaction is measured, where every question is weighed against the risk of inflicting further pain, and where the dignity of the victims is the paramount consideration. The courtroom in such matters is not just a place of law, it becomes a place where emotional safeguards are as vital as legal safeguards.
What made this case uniquely difficult for me was how close it felt to home. My own nieces and nephews are of the same age as the victims. In the conference, as I listened to these children speak about their lives, their words were those of any child – school, friends, small joys, yet behind them lay a history no child should have to bear. In their eyes I could see my own kin, and that realisation was unsettling. It is one thing to know the facts as counsel, and quite another to feel them through the lens of your own family. The challenge was to channel that proximity into determination rather than distraction. The law required me to be measured, precise, and unwavering in court, while the human reality urged me to protect them as if they were my own. Every procedural choice, every submission, had to preserve the strength of the case while ensuring the children did not have to relive the trauma unnecessarily.
In the end, what stays with me is not just the legal conclusion but the resilience of those two young lives. Despite their ordeal, they bore themselves with a quiet strength that left an impression far deeper than any verdict could. For me, this case was a stark reminder that advocacy is not only about securing justice on paper, but also about ensuring that those we represent are met with dignity, protection, and faith in the process.
From environmental issues to governance reforms, your PIL work has addressed causes of broad public significance. In your view, what role will PILs play in shaping India’s legal landscape over the next 20 years?
Public Interest Litigation has been one of India’s most transformative judicial innovations, allowing citizens to seek structural remedies for systemic wrongs. Its strength lies in a legacy built on landmark interventions: from Kesavananda Bharati’s Basic Structure doctrine which expanded judicial responsibility, to M.C. Mehta’s environmental cases that introduced CNG in Delhi’s transport fleet, to Vishaka which created an entirely new framework against workplace harassment. These cases show how PILs can reshape governance where legislation lags.
When I intervened in Delhi’s air pollution crisis, I sought not rhetoric but a science-based solution: structured plantation of high-yield tissue-cultured Bamboo with extraordinary carbon absorption capacity and multiple commercial uses in clean fuels. The aim was to confront ecological, economic, and employment concerns in a single implementable measure.
Looking ahead, the frontier of PILs will broaden to issues like climate change, cross-border crimes, digital privacy, and algorithmic governance. With India yet to enact a comprehensive AI law, it is conceivable that the first major questions of AI ethics and accountability will reach the courts through PILs. The challenge will be to preserve credibility by ensuring PILs remain grounded in research, evidence, and workable outcomes rather than quick, media-driven filings.
If pursued with rigour and foresight, PILs will remain one of the most powerful levers of systemic reform, holding the State accountable, shaping public policy, and safeguarding constitutional values for the next generation.
You have been active in mentorship and legal aid. What advice would you give young lawyers who aspire to appear in higher courts and work across diverse legal domains?
The first thing I realised in practice is that there is no shortcut in law. This profession is not a place for instant gratification. The cases that test you, the seniors who challenge you, and the long hours of research for a matter that may be over in two minutes in court, all form part of the process that shapes a lawyer’s instinct.
For those aspiring to appear before the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the High Courts, or even specialised tribunals, it is essential to understand that higher court practice is not built on clever argumentation alone. It rests on a solid command over facts, procedure, and precedent, as well as the ability to anticipate the bench’s concerns and respond with clarity. This requires discipline in preparation, not just reading the brief but living with it until every argument becomes second nature. Equally important is the ability to listen. Sometimes, knowing when not to speak is as strategic as knowing what to say.
In my own journey, one of the most formative experiences was working with Hon’ble Mr. Justice R. S. Endlaw, Retired Judge of the Delhi High Court. He not only taught me how to carry myself in court but also encouraged me to observe the craft of Senior Advocates who argued complex matters before him. He would remind us that the art of advocacy lies as much in how an argument is presented as in the law that supports it. From him, I also learnt the discipline of research, not simply gathering material, but knowing what to look for, how to sift through competing strands of law, and how to present it with clarity. Perhaps most importantly, working under him gave me perspective on how a Judge, not one from my own family background but from outside, views a matter. To this day, I try to place myself in that position, to imagine how a Judge thinks, reacts, and weighs an argument. That training continues to guide me.
In terms of practice, I feel that the wide range of matters I have handled—from aviation and energy to medical science and biotechnology, has been a real advantage. Some of these areas are highly technical, but that is precisely what the profession demands: the ability to absorb, adapt, and make sense of disciplines far outside one’s own training. The law, by its very design, pushes you to step beyond comfort zones and to develop the capacity to present almost anything with clarity and conviction. In India, this adaptability is becoming even more important. With a rapidly expanding Bar, seniors with decades of experience, and the recent entry of foreign law firms, competition is only going to get more intense. Against that backdrop, being multifaceted is not simply a matter of choice but of survival and effectiveness, since clients increasingly expect lawyers who can handle diverse and often overlapping fields. This is not to suggest that there is anything wrong with focusing on a single specialised field. But in our system, cultivating breadth in the early years gives a young lawyer resilience, perspective, and the confidence to meet very different kinds of challenges.
Lastly, I believe it is important to never lose sight of the fact that law is a profession of service. Mentorship, legal aid, and pro bono work are not optional extras. They are reminders of why many of us entered the field in the first place. Whether representing a corporation in a regulatory matter or a victim in a criminal trial, the lawyer’s role is not just to safeguard rights but to protect dignity and trust. If one carries that ethic forward, higher courts will not only be places to appear in, but arenas where a lawyer can contribute meaningfully to the living fabric of the law.
Having built a successful legal career and currently being an AOR, what initially inspired you to pursue law? Was there a defining moment that confirmed your decision to embark on this profession? Additionally, how did your experience at Symbiosis Law School Pune contribute to shaping your legal journey?
Honestly, law was not my first choice. I initially wanted to join the army as I was into sports and athletics. However, nobody in my family has been in the forces and everyone I had or looked up to was a professional working in different areas. My parents are entrepreneurs and my elder brother had already chosen IT and Engineering sector, which was considered very rewarding then. I had the option of wanting to do something different and got all the support from my family. By class 12th I ended up eliminating the army option. I had narrowed down my choices to business administration or law. Back in 2011 law was still a lesser-known option for students and there was some novelty in the prospects of joining a law school. At that time, I was lucky because one of my cousins had joined RGNUL, Patiala in 2009, and I also got some very positive feedback from him regarding the subjects for the course. Few of my very good friends had also started their preparation for law entrance in class 11 and an interaction with them, and looking at the past law school entrance test papers interested me enough to sit for these exams. I ended up writing a couple of these exams and joined Symbiosis Law School, Pune, which was the best decision I ever made. Symbiosis played an instrumental role in shaping my journey. The kind of exposure I got there by interacting with people from different backgrounds, participating in moot court competitions and other extracurriculars really helped me grow both personally and professionally.
As you began your legal career, what were some of the key learning experiences that shaped your path? Starting as an Associate with a litigation office, what were the pivotal moments and challenges that were faced by you?
Despite my urge to sound positive and encouraging, I must admit that the initial years were quite tough. As a first-generation lawyer in a new city, everything felt overwhelming—getting nervous before every matter, second-guessing my drafts, worrying about whether my seniors would approve, etc. But I was lucky to have some great mentors who have been very supportive and have led by example to instill in me the values and importance of consistent hard work, developing an eye for detail and being clear in thought and words.
After transitioning to another firm and handling a variety of cases, including landmark Supreme Court cases for homebuyers, could you share your experiences from these cases? Specifically, what challenges did you face while representing homebuyers, and how did the judgment/order, particularly regarding the definition of homebuyers as ‘financial creditors’ under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, affect their rights?
After working for almost a year at the office of a Senior Advocate, I moved to PSP Legal in 2017, where my legal career really picked up pace. At PSP we handled a lot of cases for aggrieved homebuyers across the NCR region. When I had joined in 2017, the prevalent option with the homebuyers was to go under the consumer protection regime. However, the process had its own limitations where although the homebuyers were successful in obtaining decisions in their favour, yet there were constraints in having them executed against the real estate entities. Needless to say, we faced tremendous opposition from the real estate players to refuse enforcement, often citing poor financial health of the sector as a whole.
We had also explored other legal remedies where criminal proceedings were also initiated on behalf of the homebuyers against a few promoters of the real estate entities for their criminal actions where all monies of the homebuyers had been siphoned off for their personal gain.
The laws around insolvency and its application to the real estate sector were still evolving at that time. However, we took charge and had initiated IBC proceedings against several established real estate players. Again, there was severe resistance against these actions, and the proceedings were dragged across several forums (NCLT, NCLAT, Delhi High Court and Supreme Court) in a relatively small amount of time, and we were fortunate to represent the homebuyer interests in all these proceedings.
The big breakthrough came when the Supreme Court confirmed that homebuyers are financial creditors under the IBC, in Pioneer Urban Land and Infrastructure Limited & Anr. v. Union of India &Ors. (2019). In this case we faced an initial setback as the Supreme Court had stayed all NCLT proceedings under IBC against the real estate builders initiated by the homebuyers. Finally, this judgment came as a big relief for the homebuyers and the homebuyers were confident in initiating similar proceedings across the country.
The whole journey (which is still ongoing), involving working non-stop in preparation for days, has been very rewarding. The cause of the homebuyers has become something very close to my heart, as some of our clients had put in their entire life savings and were left with nothing—not even legal clarity on how to fight back. To play a small part in their betterment, and in the development of the law was very satisfying. These cases also put a spotlight on PSP’s practice in this niche area of law.
With your extensive experience in both arbitration and real estate law, how do you foresee the future of these areas evolving, especially considering the continuous changes in regulations and legal developments?
In real estate law, there is still a lot of uncertainty especially with conflicting court rulings on similar issues. Whether it is RERA or the Consumer Protection Act, we also have to deal with situations where there are overlapping remedies under different legislations, and it becomes an important factor for advising on solutions to a particular legal problem. However, considering that the legal framework in the sector, especially under RERA, is still nascent, we are hopeful that critical issues (like construction of stalled projects, issues with banks disbursing loan amount directly to the builder without any due diligence and enforcement of the orders/directions) would be ironed out soon.
Arbitration has a lot of potential, but it is still expensive and not as efficient as it was designed to be. There is a lot of talk about India becoming a global arbitration hub, but we have got some ground to cover in terms of legal reforms and meeting the practical challenges.
Another big challenge is enforcement/execution of decisions, which is native to both real estate law and arbitration. Even after you win a case, enjoying the fruits of the decision can take years. The Supreme Court’s judgment in Periyammal (Dead) Through Lrs & Ors. v. V. Rajamani & Anr. Etc. (2025) is a step in the right direction as it has brought much needed reform and accountability in how lower courts/tribunals handle execution matters. However, how these directions are carried out into actions by the executing courts (especially in the face of shortage of judges and court staff, and judicial pendency) is something which we must look out for.
Becoming an AOR is a significant achievement. What motivated you to take the exam, and what steps did you take to prepare and succeed? How has becoming an AOR enriched your legal practice?
The AoR exam and the system of representation only through AoRs has a reputation of its own—and rightly so. I found the exam to be tough, mostly because you need to know the procedural aspects of law inside out, and it requires you to write longhand answers, which we are not used to any more after college.
What pushed me was the desire to have a separate identity at the Bar. As a first-generation lawyer, becoming an AoR felt like a major personal and professional milestone. Initially, as I was slowly getting familiar with the practice at the Supreme Court, I realized that being enrolled as an AoR would be a good value addition to my career and would give me a foothold towards perhaps setting up my own practice in the future.
The preparation for the AoR exam takes time so you must be consistent towards digesting the mandatory reading material, including study several landmark judgments which are part of the exam syllabus. However, I liked the process of preparation as it makes you pause and revisit several fundamental concepts, particularly for understanding procedural law and constitutional law principles, which are often missed out in the humdrum of day-to-day practice. It also helps in being updated with the recent developments in several topics of law.
Since qualifying, I have noticed a positive difference in how clients and colleagues perceive my work and me as a lawyer, which is very encouraging.
Can you discuss your experience of appearing and arguing before the Supreme Court in a case where the Court directed the CBI to place before it an action plan to probe the nexus between banks and real estate developers? What were the key legal challenges, and how does this ruling impact the protection of innocent homebuyers?
This litigation battle started during the pandemic in 2020, when homebuyers were facing a double-edged sword: while the builders were delaying the delivery of units on time, and the banks were also aggressively trying to recover against the home-loan amounts. The homebuyers were faced with a very peculiar situation that although the banks had disbursed more than 70% of the sanctioned loan amount directly to the real estate builders, and progress in construction of the projects was barely significant. This left the homebuyers in a situation where they do not have their homes (and often paying rent for their current accommodation) and also having to repay the EMIs of their home loans.
We first approached the Delhi High Court, which granted interim relief in early 2022 but ultimately, we lost the battle before the Delhi High Court. Later, the litigation reached the Supreme Court in 2023 after the High Court dismissed the petitions and the SC not only extended the protection but also rightly appreciated the issue and ordered the CBI to investigate the possible builder-bank nexus.
The biggest challenge was to highlight that this was not just a legal issue—it was a human one as thousands of families were suffering. Thankfully, the Court took a balanced view. It did not rush to conclusions but made it clear that if any wrongdoing is found, action would be taken against the builders and the concerned banks. For the homebuyers, this was a huge moment—they finally felt like their voices were actually heard.
With your diverse experience across various legal sectors and your practice at the Supreme Court, what advice would you give to aspiring lawyers who wish to specialize in these fields? What skills or personal traits do you believe are critical for success in the legal profession?
My biggest piece of advice would be that do not compare your journey with others. Everyone has their own pace, and there is no single “right” way to succeed in this profession. I believe that one must stay honest, work hard, and be patient. Also in the early years, try exploring different areas of law. That experience will help you figure out where your strengths and interests lie. Lastly, never stop learning—every case file, every court hearing and every client interaction teaches you something new and you should embrace it with open arms.
Throughout your distinguished career, how have you managed to maintain a healthy work-life balance? What advice would you offer to others trying to balance their professional goals with personal responsibilities?
Balancing work and life in this profession is tricky—it is easy to let work take over everything. For me, weekends and short breaks have been very important in unwinding—whether it is catching up with family, taking a short trip, or just disconnecting for a bit. Apart from all that, what keeps me motivated of late is maintaining a fit and healthy lifestyle, and now I have been an amateur long-distance runner for the past couple of years.
My advice to others would be that do not wait for a “perfect” time to take a break. Start small—an evening off, a Sunday without work, a mid-week chilling session with college friends—and build from there. Over time, it makes a big positive difference in your overall personality.
With your extensive experience across various legal areas, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and what continues to fuel your passion for it? How did you first enter the legal profession, and what led you to specialize in civil litigation, cooperative law, and property-related matters?
Initially, I didn’t come from a legal background. After completing my 11th and 12th grades in the commerce stream, I was inclined toward pursuing a career in commerce, banking, and even considering company secretaryship. At that point, law was never really on my radar. However, as I explored both streams, I realized that my true calling was in the legal profession.
This passion continues to fuel my work today. The opportunity to advocate for clients, to navigate complex legal issues, and to contribute to the fair and equitable resolution of disputes is incredibly rewarding. Every case presents unique challenges and opportunities to learn and grow, constantly pushing me to refine my skills and deepen my understanding of the law.
As I began to practice law, I found myself particularly drawn to civil litigation, cooperative law, and property-related matters. Civil litigation appealed to me because of the intellectual challenge and the direct impact it has on resolving disputes. Cooperative law and property law was another area I gravitated toward because Cooperative law and property law encompasses a wide range of legal issues, from internal governance and member disputes to regulatory compliance and commercial transactions. Advocating for my clients, and helping them achieve the best possible outcomes keeps me motivated every day. Ultimately, it’s the law as a tool to make a real difference in people’s lives that continues to inspire me and drive my career forward.
What were some pivotal experiences early in your career that deepened your understanding of the law, particularly in real estate matters, and how did they shape your professional trajectory?
“Early in my career, I had the privilege of working closely with senior advocates at Bhansali Landmarks. This experience proved pivotal in shaping my understanding of real estate law. I was involved in a diverse range of matters, including land acquisition, property disputes, and construction contracts. I also assisted in drafting and reviewing complex real estate agreements, such as sale deeds, leases, and joint venture agreements.
One particularly challenging case involved a complex land dispute that required extensive research and creative legal solutions. Successfully navigating this challenge instilled in me a strong sense of resilience and a deep appreciation for the importance of client advocacy.
These experiences instilled in me a meticulous approach to detail and a deep understanding of the importance of thorough due diligence in all real estate transactions. This foundational knowledge continues to guide my practice today, enabling me to effectively advise clients on a wide range of property-related matters and navigate the complexities of the real estate market with confidence.”
By incorporating these suggestions, you can create a more compelling and impactful narrative that effectively communicates the value of your early experiences in real estate law.
How has your current role evolved, especially in the context of property law? Could you elaborate on your responsibilities and experience with drafting agreements, sale deeds, and handling RERA-related matters?
My role has evolved significantly over time, especially in the context of property law. Initially, I started by focusing on general civil litigation, but as I gained more experience, I became increasingly involved in property-related matters. Over the years, I’ve developed a specialized focus on real estate law, including drafting agreements, handling sale deeds, search titled report and dealing with regulatory issues, especially under the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, or RERA.
Whether it’s ensuring that the terms of a sale deed are clear, protecting my client’s rights in lease agreements, or structuring development agreements in a way that avoids potential disputes, attention to detail is paramount. My meticulous attention to detail has resulted in the successful negotiation and drafting of numerous complex real estate agreements, minimizing potential risks and ensuring favorable outcomes for my clients. I strive to provide clear and concise legal advice to my clients, explaining the implications of different legal options and guiding them through the complexities of real estate transactions.
In terms of RERA-related matters, my experience has expanded significantly over time as the Act has become a central piece of real estate regulation. I advise developers and homebuyers on compliance with RERA, whether it’s ensuring that developers are meeting the timelines and quality standards promised to buyers, or ensuring that homebuyers are aware of their rights under the Act. I have represented clients in disputes involving non-compliance with RERA provisions, such as delays in possession or failure to provide agreed-upon amenities.
I find that my expertise in this field has allowed me to make a significant impact, helping clients navigate the complexities of real estate deals and ensuring that their interests are protected.
Can you share your experience dealing with disputes involving cooperative societies? What are the major legal issues cooperative societies are facing today and how do you handle conflicts between builders, or management?
I have handled a wide range of legal issues involving cooperative societies. One of the primary challenges these societies face today is property disputes, especially those related to ownership and the transfer of titles, particularly the Conveyance Deed. Disputes also arise when there is confusion among society members regarding membership rights, which can lead to complex and prolonged legal battles. Another significant issue is the non-payment of maintenance charges, which often leads to financial instability within the society, triggering legal action for recovery.
When addressing conflicts, especially between builders or management, my approach is to start by thoroughly reviewing all relevant agreements, including builder-buyer contracts, society by-laws, and other related documents. This helps establish a clear understanding of the rights and obligations of each party. However, when these methods fail or prove unsuitable for resolving the issue, I proceed with issuing legal notices or filing a case in court, depending on the severity of the dispute.
My primary focus is ensuring that both the cooperative society and builders comply with applicable laws. Ultimately, my goal is to facilitate a fair resolution that upholds the rights of society members and ensures that all actions taken are in compliance with the governing laws.
When drafting RERA Agreements, what common issues do you encounter from both builders and property buyers? How do you navigate these challenges to ensure the agreements are comprehensive and balanced?
For builders, a common issue is setting realistic project timelines. Builders may face unforeseen delays, but buyers are concerned about delayed possession. It’s essential to clearly define timelines, including grace periods for delays, and establish penalties for non-completion within the agreed time. On the other hand, buyers often face confusion regarding the carpet area vs. super built-up area. Builders may calculate area differently, which can lead to overcharging concerns. To avoid this, I ensure the agreement precisely defines terms like “carpet area” and “super built-up area,” providing clarity on what buyers are paying for.
Another significant issue is the payment schedule and interest clauses. Builders typically want to ensure timely payments, but buyers seek a payment structure tied to project milestones, ensuring that they don’t overpay before the work is completed. Balancing these interests is key, and I work to establish a fair schedule that protects both parties.
Warranty and defect liability periods are also contentious. Buyers often expect a reasonable warranty on construction defects, while builders may try to limit their liability. I ensure that warranty clauses comply with RERA’s provisions, which mandate clear terms for defect liability periods, providing sufficient protection for the buyer.
Lastly, disputes over possession and handover timelines are common. Builders may seek flexibility, while buyers want guarantees of timely possession. In these cases, I ensure that the agreement complies with RERA’s possession timeline rules and includes clear consequences for delay.
To navigate these challenges, I ensure that the agreement is drafted with clarity and precision, making sure all terms are well-defined and in compliance with RERA regulations. I also incorporate fair dispute resolution mechanisms, often using mediation or arbitration, to address potential issues efficiently. Ultimately, my goal is to create an agreement that protects both the interests of the builder and the buyer, ensuring a balanced and legally sound contract.
During your time at AM Legal, you were involved in IPR and commercial litigations. How did these experiences expand your legal expertise, and in what ways do they complement your current focus on property and civil law?
During my time at AM Legal, I had the opportunity to work extensively on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and commercial litigation, which greatly expanded my legal expertise. In the commercial litigation domain, I handled a variety of cases related to contracts, breach of agreements, and arbitration. These experiences deepened my understanding of corporate governance, risk management, and dispute resolution strategies. Working with clients on these matters enhanced my ability to analyze contracts, negotiate settlements, and adopt a strategic approach to litigation, which directly complements my current focus on property and civil law.
These skills align seamlessly with my work in property law. Both areas require precise contract interpretation, attention to detail, and the ability to navigate complex disputes.
Moreover, my experience in IPR has given me a broader perspective on the value of protecting assets, which is crucial in property law as well—whether it’s protecting land titles, construction permits, or real estate branding. Overall, these diverse experiences at AM Legal have enriched my legal practice, allowing me to offer a more holistic and well rounded approach to my current work in property and civil law.
Of all the cases you’ve handled, which one stands out as particularly interesting? How did you approach preparing for that case, and what made it unique?
One case that stands out as particularly interesting involved a property dispute between a developer and a housing society. The developer initiated construction without obtaining the mandatory consent from the society, violating Section 7 of the Maharashtra
Ownership Flats Act (MOFA). This legal oversight led to a court order granting an injunction against the developer, effectively staying the construction. The case highlighted the importance of adhering to statutory provisions and safeguarding the rights of housing societies in redevelopment matters.
To prepare for the case, I thoroughly reviewed the contracts, sale deeds, and RERA compliance documents, carefully scrutinizing every clause for potential misrepresentations. I also gathered evidence from property registries and consulted with land experts to verify title authenticity. Given the complexity of the case, I examined the developer’s obligations under RERA, focusing on consumer protection laws and builder-buyer agreements.
What made this case unique was the interplay between property law, consumer protection, and real estate regulations. The case required me to navigate a combination of contractual interpretation, regulatory compliance, and consumer rights while also addressing the emotional concerns of buyers who had invested their savings in the property. My approach not only focused on legal arguments but also considered alternative dispute resolution methods to settle the matter more efficiently. Ultimately, the case was resolved in favor of the buyers, with the developer agreeing to compensation and fulfilling the missing contractual obligations. This case stands out because it was a rare instance where multiple legal frameworks—from property law to consumer protection under RERA—intersected, requiring a nuanced and multi dimensional approach to resolve the matter.
Given your experience, how do you see the real estate industry evolving, particularly in light of the ever-changing rules and regulations that govern it?
The real estate industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by evolving regulations and technological advancements. We’re seeing a clear trend towards greater transparency and accountability, fueled by regulations like RERA, which empower buyers and demand ethical practices from developers. This push for transparency is further amplified by the digitalization of land records and transaction processes, reducing ambiguity and potential for fraud. Sustainability is no longer a buzzword but a necessity, with stricter green building codes and environmental clearances becoming the norm. The rise of proptech is revolutionizing how we search, buy, and manage properties, while construction technology is introducing innovative building methods.Simultaneously, the industry is grappling with the need to provide affordable housing, prompting government initiatives and innovative financing models. Looking ahead, we can expect a stronger consumer-centric approach, with regulations further empowering homebuyers and promoting fair practices. However, challenges remain, including the need for the industry to adapt quickly to these changes, balancing regulation with growth, and ensuring effective enforcement. Ultimately, the real estate sector’s future hinges on navigating this evolving landscape effectively, embracing technology, and prioritizing sustainable and inclusive development to build trust and foster long-term growth.
What advice would you offer to young lawyers aiming to build a career in property law and civil litigation? Specifically, what skills should they focus on, how can they effectively network, and what steps should they take for career advancement?
For young lawyers aiming to build a career in property law and civil litigation, my advice is to focus on honing key skills such as legal research, contract drafting, and negotiation. A solid understanding of property laws, regulatory frameworks like RERA and MOFA, and the intricacies of civil litigation will be fundamental to success. Building strong client relationships is also crucial, as property law often involves direct interaction with clients, whether they’re buyers, developers, or housing societies. Effective networking is essential—attending industry events, joining professional associations, and connecting with experienced mentors will open doors to opportunities and valuable insights. Gaining practical experience early on, whether through internships, associate positions, or working on diverse cases, will help you understand the complexities of the field. To advance your career, focus on specializing in a niche area of property law or civil litigation, continue learning through seminars or certifications, and embrace technology to stay ahead in an increasingly digital legal landscape. Finally, maintaining a reputation for integrity and competence is key, as trust and reliability are paramount in both property law and litigation.
Starting with the basics, can you share a bit about your journey into law and what inspired you to pursue a career in this field?
I started as a litigating lawyer with Mr. Vivek Chaudhary who was elevated as a HC Judge from Allahabad. Thereafter, I worked with Sr. Adv. Aman Lekhi for some time and went on to become an in-house counsel with CREDAI. Worked with CREDAI for a span of few years and realised that I could call myself a real estate lawyer. I got an offer from MAX subsidiary Antara Senior Living and joined Antara in 2021. I worked with MAX for two years and got an offer from an MNC to lead their real estate team in India. I resigned from Antara only to find out that the company’s culture is bad – hence, instead of finding another job, I ended up making MAYSS Partners with two other colleagues.
As the Founder of MAYSS Partners Law Offices, can you tell us about the ethos or guiding principles that define your law firm and set it apart in the legal landscape?
We wish to make a law firm that understands its Client’s business. Very soon, we will be taking up interns and freshers from Tier 3 colleges and try to give them exposure to good Clients and Courts in New Delhi
You transitioned from the role of Legal Counsel at Antara Senior Living to becoming the Managing Partner at MAYSS Partners. What motivated or inspired this transition, and how has your perspective on the legal profession evolved as a result of taking on a leadership role in your firm?
Honestly, it was never planned, it all accidental – A coffee meeting with my Promoter made me think if I should really work for a company that does not have very good intentions for its employees, I resigned immediately after the meeting and thanked the Promoter for being so honest on day one – Ended up making MAYSS Partners
As a Managing Partner, you lead a team of ten lawyers. What qualities do you look for in team members, and how do you foster a collaborative and productive work environment?
I honestly believe that everyone can learn and anyone can be trained. Therefore, the idea is to help young professionals from Tier 3 cities come to Delhi and Mumbai and learn the art of practice in these cities.
Given your expertise in regulatory compliance, what are some key considerations for businesses dealing with RERA, RBI, SEBI, IBC, and other relevant regulatory frameworks?
The only thing that businesses should bear in mind is that they cannot cheat the investors anymore.
Looking ahead, what are some trends or developments in the legal landscape that you find particularly intriguing or that you believe will shape the future of legal practice?
I think AI will bring in a massive change and it is high time that we start learning to use AI.
With your extensive experience, what are your thoughts on the dynamics of working as legal counsel compared to being a managing partner? How do you navigate the challenges and find fulfilment in these distinct roles?
In employment, you work for business teams who are your clients and the same goes for a law firm. As long as you are committed to solving a problem, it’s all the same.
For aspiring law students, internships are often pivotal in shaping their understanding of the legal profession. In your experience, what kind of internship do you believe is crucial for a law student, and what advice would you give on how students can make the most out of their internship experiences?
I think students must intern with good companies, law firms and lawyers. Students should learn how businesses are run and how do we reach out to the Clients.
Beyond the legal realm, what are some of your personal interests or hobbies that you find relaxing or rejuvenating?
I am trying to run five km every day. I love to cook and hang out with my family.
Considering your extensive experience, what are your thoughts on aspiring legal professionals choosing to intern or work with Tier 1 law firms as opposed to Tier 2 or Tier 3 firms?
How do you believe the choice of the firm tier can impact one’s career trajectory in the legal field? I think all three are important. Learning happens with all sorts of firms in different ways and means.
Could you take us through your journey from your college days to becoming an Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court? What inspired you to pursue law as a career?
During my college days, I used to study and make friends who were like-minded and interested in studying and understanding law. I used to make friends whom you could find in the library only or after professors asked questions. Most of our freedom fighters were Lawyers of course that motivates me and of course, the respect a lawyer gets in Society.
Being the AOR for the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Sikkim is a distinctive role. How did this association come about, and what are some of the challenges and rewards of representing such a high-profile client in the Supreme Court?
I got the chance to represent the Hon’ble chief minister of Sikkim before the honourable Supreme Court through the Standing Counsel for the state of Sikkim in the Supreme Court who had previously engaged me in many of his cases and therefore gave me a chance. the rewards are always high but the expectations are also high.
In your extensive career, you’ve handled cases related to Builder-Buyer disputes, Recovery of Refunds by RERA, Criminal Cases, and more. What motivates you to take on such diverse cases, and how do you stay well-versed in multiple areas of law?
From the beginning of my law career, I, used to handle builder buyer cases as many of my close friends and relatives were cheated by builders and providing them good results brought me many cases. I have offices and associations in Delhi NCR and many of my associates, friends and lawyers keep me engaged in their cases and that keeps me updated with all kinds of cases.
As someone who has dealt with international companies and MNCs, what nuances or differences do you find in representing their cases compared to domestic ones?
Cases of MNCs and international companies are not of a very different sort but their challenges are also as same as those of a domestic company for example for a Japanese company I got an FIR registered against the top brass of management in Gurugram a complaint filed by their Parent Company and a Ukrainian company was cheated by Transport vessel company and for other Dubai and Japanese companies facing trouble because of Labour, Employees, Tax and POSH cases.
Your practice spans different courts and forums. How do you adapt your approach when dealing with cases in various jurisdictions, from District and Session Courts to the Supreme Court?
The only thing I keep in my mind while approaching any Courts from Distt. to Supreme Court is that I should be well-versed and well-prepared with my case.
Becoming an Advocate on Record involves a rigorous examination process at the Supreme Court. Can you share your experience preparing for and clearing the AOR exam? What advice do you have for aspiring lawyers who aim to achieve this milestone in their careers?
I really put all my efforts into clearing the same and was a herculean task. the only mantra is hard work and study plus one should join lectures delivered by examiners THEMSELVES conducted at ILI.
Your chamber plays a crucial role in shaping the professional journey of budding lawyers. Can you tell us about the work culture and environment in your chamber? Additionally, how do you approach mentoring and guiding interns who join your team?
Yes, it plays a very important role but I like my colleagues to enjoy work within spheres of discipline in my chamber. I don’t like the late-night work culture. Law interns, they really enjoy a lot because We expose them to every court and forum of Delhi-NCR which enhances their knowledge in unravelling intricacies of Law.
Having seen the evolution of legal education and the influx of interns and upcoming lawyers, what differences or challenges do you observe in the skill set or approach of students today compared to when you were starting your career? Are there specific areas where you think interns or young lawyers might need additional focus or development?
Yes, nowadays the legal profession is in vogue. It’s very difficult for a beginner to earn bread and butter in this profession in their initial days. There is a misconception floating around about a lot of money in this profession and therefore the students are choosing this profession but no one tells about the struggle which breaks them. The legal profession is a very noble profession. But not an easy money-making profession. In our days we knew what we were doing and how we would do it and were prepared to face struggles mentally and physically. I used to attend courts by using Public Buses and Trains, which for a modern new Lawyer is not possible if he/she belongs to a humble family and puts a financial burden on their parents.
Beyond your demanding legal career, everyone needs some downtime. Could you share with us what passions or activities you pursue in your free time? What brings you joy and relaxation outside the courtroom?
I really enjoy gossiping with friends and of course travelling to the hills.
Having pursued an LL.M., yourself, could you share your perspective on how further academic specialization contributes to a legal career? What advice would you offer to young lawyers considering pursuing an LL.M. and how can they maximize its benefits for a successful legal career?
Well, higher studies always help boost your confidence and add a new chapter to your success story. For young lawyers I advise them to pursue all sorts of courses available to help boost their knowledge and enhance confidence, there are so many diploma courses and LL.M helps new lawyers to shape their career by specialising in some chosen field.
