Super Lawyer

Tag: White-collar crimes

  • Navigating Complexity From Corporate Law to White Collar Investigations with Trust and Insight – Varij Sharma, Founder and Partner at Gravitas Legal.

    Navigating Complexity From Corporate Law to White Collar Investigations with Trust and Insight – Varij Sharma, Founder and Partner at Gravitas Legal.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    You have worked with a Fortune 50 company and have over 17 years of experience across sectors like corporate and commercial law, white-collar crime, and investment fund-related issues. What has been your motivation behind pursuing these sought-after niche fields, and how do you make them simpler for people who are often uncomfortable discussing them? How did you build your name in this niche of the niche, and what continues to drive you?

    Initially, when I started off as a lawyer, my concentration in fact was that whatever I do, I must do it in the best manner possible. As a young lawyer, that was my motivation. And while growing up, every day, it was almost as if going to a warfront, if I can put it that way, facing new challenges.

    And as a corporate lawyer facing new queries, dealing with different and new expectations every day. But one thing that remained constant was that I used to set my own milestones and my only motivation was that I wanted to be the best at what I could be and first test myself.

    I used to set those expectations for myself. As far as trying to be a general corporate lawyer or a decent enough general corporate lawyer, since the very beginning, I never thought of compartmentalizing myself or restricting myself to a particular field. I think that was also because of my upbringing at Dua Associates and I must take the name of my first mentor, Mr. Salil Gulati, who himself was a general corporate lawyer and I used to report to him. The way he nurtured and mentored me, and made me understand the concepts of law in terms of how they are supposed to be applied, was invaluable, because typically what we do in colleges is much different from what you actually end up applying, or rather how you end up applying.

    Of course, academic education or being good at academics is very important, but at the same time, one should know how to apply it. So since day one, I feel that I had a great mentor and he was the one who inculcated this fact, or rather this idea in my mind, that we don’t need to be specifically focused on a particular practice area.

    As a general corporate lawyer, we are capable enough of advising on all aspects of a company, of a business generally. Progressing from that, when I started Gravitas, beyond simply following the general corporate trajectory, we started two new spaces for ourselves, litigation and corporate strategy. Over a period of time, what had also happened and what I also started realizing was that when you advise companies, when you advise businesses, as a lawyer, you hold a position of great trust and confidence. And when anyone actually approaches you, they don’t approach you with a specific task, at least an Indian client doesn’t. They don’t approach you for a specific task.

    It always tends to evolve into something more. So my concentration always was that I should hold that position of trust and confidence so that people would be able to talk to me about all of their issues, not just a specific project or a particular transaction, but whatever other troubles or problems they are facing.

    So over a period of time I also tried to develop a conversationalist in myself. And today, when I speak to my interns or juniors, I try to make them understand the value of conversations and how, by having those conversations, you can develop trust, and how other people may also see what sort of knowledge you carry and the different aspects you can actually advise people on. Slowly, taking from there, when I deal with our foreign clients or institutions, it so happens that ultimately all of these clients also tend to look for something more than just legal advice from their lawyers. They would want that if there is a project, then there should be something more that a lawyer actually brings to the table, be it project knowledge, financial knowledge, and so on and so forth.

    So I kept on, and I still am, looking at avenues to learn more and develop my knowledge—more holistic knowledge, touching upon not just legal aspects of a deal or a business, but also all other aspects which would otherwise impact a particular scenario.

    Be it a transaction, a project, or generally just a legal query. That perspective also actually helps you in providing the right answer to a problem from the perspective of your client. Because sometimes what happens is we lawyers tend to go into too much detail of legal aspects and ultimately we just sort of go around in circles and probably don’t answer a query that requires a practical solution. So yes, that also enabled me to understand, answer, and respond to queries in a much more effective manner, I would say.

    In India, lawyers often focus only on legal aspects, but clients frequently trust us with personal or even psychological concerns. How have you managed this balance while maintaining professionalism and ethics, especially with international clients who often rely heavily on their lawyers? Additionally, how do you guide your juniors in handling such situations, and what strategies have you found effective?

    Sure. Thank you. So, see, like I said, it was also a drive. I mean, when I started realizing the true meaning of becoming a lawyer, that it is not just hidden in a particular opinion that we give or in a document.

    Regardless of whether you are talking to institutions, there is always a human behind that institution also. I always try and spend time on that human aspect. I give people time. I try to understand where the people are coming from. Sometimes, I would say not just sometimes, most of the time, things are not how they appear to be. I always had the zeal to constantly look behind the curtains. Let me just put it that way. I always wanted to understand where this aspect was coming from, rather than just treating a query or a requirement that our clients would send to us, treating it just on the face of whatever was being sought.

    I would always spend time on that query, and I would just think, you know, okay, fine, if someone is asking me a particular question, where is this coming from? Why is this question being asked? I would spend time on that aspect, and when I would try and answer that query—and of course, this happened much later in my life because initially, the concentration, or rather the focus, always used to be just to be a lawyer.

    You know, one would just be overwhelmed with the fact that this is a job and ultimately I have to do well at it and all of that. But over a period of time and later in my career, and especially this transition actually happened when we started Gravitas Legal.

    We wanted the firm to have a structure. We had thought about what we want, how we want our clients and other people to see us, people who approach us for any sort of assistance. How do we want them to see us? So, it was the drive, I would say it was the drive. And I constantly kept on looking for those behind-the-curtains or behind-the-scenes reasons of why and what was emanating. At the same time, I realized that position of trust and confidence that I was just talking about—everybody seeks that. I don’t think it matters whether it is an Indian client or a foreign client, an individual client, or a small, medium, or large business. They would always want their counsel, their lawyer, to gain that position of trust and confidence.

    And that position of trust and confidence, no matter how sound we are as a firm ethically, or what sort of name we have, generally how people know us, that position of trust and confidence is always reserved for the individual you are interacting with. For our clients, that position of trust and confidence will always be with the individuals they are actually interacting with. So when I interact with my juniors, my ex-juniors also, whenever I have interacted with them on these aspects, on these lighter or rather subtler aspects of relationships, I have always tried to tell them that when your client is actually approaching you, there is always something more. Try and strike friendships.

    Try and strike deeper relationships with them so that they can open up to you—deeper professional relationships, of course—where they are able to speak and open up to you to give you a more holistic picture of where the problem actually lies. It has happened so many times that people who have been representatives of my corporate clients have also ended up approaching me for their personal issues, and I have been more than happy to assist them, of course subject to there being no conflict. But at the same time, I think my ultimate win has always been that people are able to give me that position where they think they can actually rely on me and come and discuss those aspects with me.

    The last thing I would like to add is that I have been a very open communicator with my clients. If I have not felt—and look, a general corporate practice is actually quite different from other corporate practices because we are exposed to many more dimensions of a corporate than other, I would say, focused practices—so with general corporate practice, what tends to happen is that when you get that sort of exposure, you also inevitably get into those wider aspects.

    You get that exposure and you try to make the best out of it. And also when you are getting that exposure, I feel we should not hold ourselves back. We should be able to communicate very clearly what we as trusted counsels believe that a client is exposed to. Sometimes I have seen that people shy away from it—that if someone has asked me a question on the Companies Act, I will just answer that query. But I have never been that. Frankly, I can say one thing that I am very happy about myself as a professional, as a lawyer, is that I have never stopped myself from advising my client and being that voice in their ears saying this is right and this is wrong. And when something is wrong, I would never shy away from saying this is wrong.

    So, yes, that is again something that I have worked on and tried to focus more on.

    When handling internal investigations or whistleblower matters, how do you strike a balance between transparency, compliance, and protecting the reputation of the organization, while also managing sensitive internal information? Additionally, how do you maintain your own mental well-being during this process?

    I will give you some sort of an insight on how investigations, rather whistleblower investigations and white collar crime actually proceed and what tends to go into the process. I mean, everybody knows exactly what it means, but what tends to happen in the process, right?

    See, what happens is that when complaints such as this come through, we are supposed to act independently of the complainant as well as the organization and also probably the group of people who may be the potential accused.

    What tends to happen is that when you enter that arena, no matter who may have appointed you, everybody is just looking at you with a lot of anxiety, let me put it that way: what exactly are they going to find and what are they going to do with that knowledge?

    So you have to develop a very, very focused approach with very clear objectives in mind: what are you exactly here for? It’s very easy in such a situation, and let me tell you, when people actually start in such sensitive situations, when people start talking to you, there will be people ranging from the lower managerial positions right up to the top of the organization whom you have to interview and speak to. You may be required to go through thousands of documents to decipher and understand what exactly has happened, and whether ultimately what is being complained of has actually occurred or not.

    So in such situations, when you sit down and start talking to these people, and again they could be 25, 50, or 100 people that you’re talking to over a very short span of time, once again people open up, and your best case scenario, I mean, if you want to decipher something, it is all about whether these people are going to actually trust you and open up to you.

    Because that’s what you’re relying on. These are people who are actually working for an organization and they know that organization much better than you. It’s very easy to conduct an investigation which is absolutely objective, based on documents and policies, et cetera.

    But at the same time, whenever there is a human angle, you need to understand what is happening behind the scenes. So whenever we are in such a situation where we have to conduct an internal investigation, apart from going through the policies and documents, et cetera, we also need to go into the depths of what people perceive is wrong when a complainant is making a complaint. You have to understand from their perspective what exactly they are saying has happened in a wrong fashion, or the policies that have not been adhered to.

    There’s non-compliance, right?

    And they will not be able to write down that as per this particular policy this is wrong and therefore I’m complaining. It’s never that simple; it’s always gray. The practice of law itself, at least in India, most of the time deals with the gray.

    So as far as this process is concerned, one has to have a deeper understanding and should be able to create a very, very thorough process for themselves which can be followed in order to conduct an impartial investigation as an independent investigator, because most of the time these reports are actually submitted to either the board or the shareholders, and they should be able to communicate very, very clearly what the risk aspects are and what exactly has happened, what steps to take next as per the policy, and what steps are required to be taken as well. So, I would say a very clear and thorough process has to be devised. Most organizations have a very clear internal investigations or whistleblower policy, but of course they don’t prescribe a process, because processes are developed and created by the independent investigator, which comes through.

    And of course, you should be able to communicate very thoroughly and very clearly who the individuals are that you want to interview and what documents you need to look at. There is always resistance. I would say there is always resistance, but at the same time you should be able to get past that and thereafter conduct a meaningful and result oriented investigation.

    When investigating or working with a company, it’s difficult to build immediate trust, and the same applies to team members. You started Gravitas Legal about a decade ago, how did you find the right team members who share mutual trust and understanding with you? With the global presence you are now building, how has that been possible, and what strategies did you follow to develop and sustain that trust within your team?

    See, legal practice has changed a lot in the past decade or so. When we established Gravitas Legal back in 2015, I think that was around the same time there was this spurt of new generation law firms. I think that was the time around 2014, 2015 when there were a lot of breakaway firms that started coming through.

    The idea at that point in time, our main motivation rather, to start Gravitas Legal, was that we wanted to create something new and something better than what we had seen and what we had experienced. There were things that we wanted to do differently and probably advise differently, probably conduct the business differently, probably administratively we wanted to set up something new and different, probably partnership structure-wise, we wanted to create something new and different. So primary motivations were these. I am extremely thankful for all the people who have, in the past 10 years, worked with us, because each one of them has not only been instrumental in our growth but also has always ended up teaching us something new.

    I think the number of people or the newer people that we have worked with, they have kept us grounded in our upbringing also as a firm. Because like I said, in the past 10 years, the practice of law, the practice of law firms, has changed drastically.

    The market has changed drastically. There are opportunities like there have never been before. If you are a hardworking, focused person, there are opportunities galore for youngsters. At the same time, there is freedom. And I would also say that the perspective of clients has also changed.

    Clients have become very result-oriented, and they also allow the freedom that is required by lawyers and law firms to operate. The advent of so many newer firms actually shows that there is enough institutional work.

    There is enough corporate work in the market, and that actually shows the maturity that the Indian clientele is also achieving slowly. Of course, there are foreign clients also, but the Indian client has also matured in that they don’t want to go to the same old lawyers or the same old law firms. So the entire ecosystem has matured quite a bit. As far as my younger colleagues are concerned, younger colleagues or colleagues, my contemporaries are concerned, like I was saying, we are extremely thankful to them that they have spent the time they have spent with us and helped us grow immensely. There are a lot of our ex-colleagues who have now probably moved on and taken new roles in either different law firms or in-house. And actually, when I look back and remember where we all had started from and when I see that time has run so fast and people have grown so much and the growth has been mutual, frankly, that actually shows that perhaps we were doing something right and probably, somehow, slightly, we also contributed to their growth. I would say in that case, more than that position of trust and confidence, I think it was mutual confidence. Like I said, in the past 10 years, there are opportunities galore in the market, and still people trusted us, worked with us, and have been participating in our journey. I’m very thankful for that.

    Growing together not only feels good but also helps a law firm grow exponentially. Over the past 10 years, you and your firm have mutually grown, and along the way, you’ve worked on cross-border transactions, joint ventures, corporate law, and M&A, areas very different from what a general counsel usually handles. In today’s environment, where businesses are moving toward sustainable models, how do you see Gravitas Legal progressing in the next 5–10 years, and what plans have you made? While working in such niche fields, how do you identify which strategies work, which don’t, and how do you explain complex issues in simple language for clients who, though corporate, are still human? How do you train your team to do the same, keep everyone grounded despite pressures like money or mental strain, and ensure work is done beautifully, as you have been doing?

    Sure. Just concentrating on the first part of your question, considering the various areas of my practice or the firm’s practice, the firm actually practices general corporate, M&A, private equity, venture capital. We have a great and flourishing insolvency and restructuring practice, project finance, and we also do corporate litigation, indirect tax, criminal law. And they have developed, and let me just tell you this, we had started off with in the first instance.

    We started off as a boutique project finance law firm at that point in time. And then thereafter, we picked up. I was only 6 or 7 years into the profession when we had started, and I was responsible for building the general corporate and ancillary practices, as I call them. So, general corporate and M&A and PE VC funds, insolvency, restructuring, corporate and litigation strategy, everything came later. We were first a boutique project finance law firm.

    When starting off as a project finance law firm and when we saw that this is the only practice area that we are starting off with, our first concentration was on doing what we do best, which was project finance. Soon, when people also realized that now we are independent of any other tag and this is the ship that we are running, people would approach us, clients would approach us with different requirements.

    As from a young lawyer’s perspective, yes, you have to learn, you have to study while practicing also, you have to study. I have, despite having started Gravitas, while today it seems that time has flown like anything, it has been a journey which has required a lot of hard work. When you look at building new practice areas constantly, there are also things that you are dealing with for the first time. And practice areas which you have probably earlier not touched upon. There has to be an approach that you have to develop.

    It’s like how it goes for any lawyer who is just passing out from a law school and entering this business when they are a complete clean slate. When you start a practice area as a partner also, or rather as a leader at a law firm, the idea is that you should develop first a deeper understanding at your end of what you are dealing with or what you are approaching.

    What is that practice area that you want to master? Or rather, you should be able to go out there and say that we can do a major value add to whoever we are supporting in a new practice area. And then building credibility. Yes, organizations and institutions just don’t line up outside your door to give you work.

    You have to show them that you can actually perform, and there are a lot of smaller things that you would start with, things that make them gain confidence in you, and they should also be able to give you those opportunities.

    So from a young lawyer’s perspective, I would say that yes, these are not the times when you can be completely oblivious to whatever is happening around you. And you can just, you know, like this, you can just go enter your office, do your work, get up and go and live your lives.

    But one should be actually looking constantly at developing themselves as a professional. Keep on adding value into your own personality also. And that is what we try to do as a law firm as well. Probably, I would say the trajectories may be different, but the paths are the same ultimately.

    So, as far as our clients are concerned, yes, you are right. People are trying to create sustainable business models, and there is a huge concentration now on whether people are able to see you as an ethical business with sound governance models, sustainability models. So institutions, organizations, even smaller startups are also very conscious about this nowadays. And that is the way to go. I think the awareness that is now there, generally in the market regarding certain issues, especially environmental issues, there is a huge push towards creating sustainable models.

    When it comes to strategies, I’d like to ask about the base strategy you follow to take care of your own health, mental well-being, and also that of your team. Running a successful law firm obviously comes with pressure and challenges, so how do you overcome those? What kind of practices, trainings, or interactions do you use to ensure that everyone’s mental and physical health is taken care of, with the support and trust you’ve built within the team?

    Since the very beginning of my Gravitas Legal journey, or rather since the very beginning of my career, I’ve been very clear that I don’t carry my work home. By that I don’t for a moment mean that I don’t end up working at home sometimes, but I try to not discuss work at home, because if my family tends to get entangled in my work and if I carry my workplace stress home, then the office hours just keep on elongating. So I’ve tried to do that since the very beginning. I try to keep my Saturdays and Sundays very sacrosanct. It’s an effort, it’s an ongoing effort, but I try to ensure that I’m able to find clear me time or my family time on a very regular basis. My rules with my team are very clear that I will only ask you to work if I am working myself. So if I’m not working beyond 6 or 7 in the evening, they can also head home, enjoy life, enjoy whatever time that we can get.

    From an organization’s perspective, we try to set up a town hall every month or so, where we can just discuss things. It’s a great way to interact among different offices, and we try to discuss other things generally.

    In our town halls, we get to know so much about individuals that we are working with, rather than just the professionals. We found that one of us is a national-level athlete, for example. One of us was a great singer and an instrument player.

    So, in order to break the monotony of work, we try and make these efforts. Then we also try that, on a very regular basis, we do one or two youngster-type holidays, where we drive to the mountains and go to very difficult places where there is a lot of adventure and where everybody’s an equal. These are the kinds of things, at least stress busters, that we try to implement at the office. Generally also, we try to keep a very calm and casual environment in the office where people don’t feel over-pressurized. There is always pressure, there is always stress in the practice of law.

    There is no doubt about it, but at the same time these are the efforts that we try to make, and it’s a constant effort again, because times keep changing. There are a few months when there is no breathing space at all and there is constant struggle, there is no clock.

    Things like those happen, but then we try to manage our work well, and we try and find as much time as individuals also in our own lives.

    Get in touch with Varij Sharma –

  • “What started as a passing interest grew into a true passion, and today, that commitment to justice is what drives my legal career.” – Ramandeep Bawa, Founder of RDB Associates.

    “What started as a passing interest grew into a true passion, and today, that commitment to justice is what drives my legal career.” – Ramandeep Bawa, Founder of RDB Associates.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    What inspired you to pursue a career in law? Was there a defining moment or personal experience that influenced your decision to enter the legal field?

    I wasn’t always drawn to law. As a child, I was more interested in creative pursuits, exploring stories and ideas rather than legal principles. But over time, I found myself captivated by how law shapes society and protects individuals. One pivotal moment was when I witnessed a close family friend navigate a complex legal issue. Seeing how the right legal guidance could change someone’s life made me realize the profound impact of this field. That experience planted the seed of curiosity, and the more I learned, the more I saw law as not just a set of rules, but a way to advocate, solve problems, and create meaningful change. What started as a passing interest grew into a true passion, and today, that commitment to justice is what drives my legal career.

    Early in your career, what experiences significantly shaped your understanding of legal practice? Could you share any pivotal moments or cases that contributed to your growth as a trial lawyer?

    Early in my career, I was fortunate to be mentored by Senior Advocate Mr. Ajay Burman after graduating in 2011. Under his guidance, I learned the nuances of trial advocacy—everything from drafting precise pleadings to developing effective courtroom strategies. His mentorship provided an invaluable foundation, shaping my approach to legal practice and reinforcing the importance of meticulous preparation.

    When I started my independent practice in 2013, it was a turning point in my journey. Representing clients across district courts, High Courts, and tribunals across India sharpened my ability to handle diverse procedural complexities. Each case brought its own challenges, but those experiences pushed me to refine my skills and deepen my understanding of the Indian legal system. Whether it was navigating intricate statutory interpretations or advocating for clients in high-stakes matters, those years played a crucial role in shaping me as a trial lawyer.

    As Nelson Mandela once said, “I never lose. I either win or learn.” That philosophy has resonated throughout my career—every challenge, every case, and every setback has been an opportunity to grow and refine my craft. The lessons I’ve learned early on continue to guide me, shaping the way I approach advocacy and justice.”

    What led you to establish your own practice, RDB Associates? What vision drove this decision, and what challenges did you encounter during the process?

    The decision to start RDB Associates in 2022 wasn’t just a career move—it felt like the culmination of everything I’d learned and cared about as a lawyer. After years of working independently across different courts and states, I kept thinking, What if I could build a firm that doesn’t just handle cases but truly fights for people? I wanted a place where strategy and empathy weren’t buzzwords but the foundation of every case. That’s how RDB Associates was born—a team built to tackle tough legal battles while keeping clients’ voices at the center.

    Funny enough, the name “RDB” wasn’t part of some grand plan. Back in law school, friends and professors started calling me that as a nickname—almost like a joke! But over time, it stuck. By the time I started my practice, clients would say, “We’re going to RDB for help,” and I realized it had become part of my identity. When I launched the firm, using that name felt right—it carried the trust I’d earned and the scrappy, personal approach I’ve always believed in.

    One case early on shaped everything for me. A client came to me completely broken by a legal battle—they’d almost lost faith in the system. I remember sitting with them, hearing their story, and thinking, This is why I do what I do. We worked day and night, dissecting every angle, and when we won, it wasn’t just about the judgment. It was about watching them walk out of court with their heads held high again. That moment crystallized my philosophy: Law isn’t just about arguments in a courtroom; it’s about restoring people’s dignity.

    Building the firm hasn’t been easy. Finding the right team—people who genuinely care about clients as much as winning—took time. Scaling across states while staying true to our “human-first” approach? That’s still a daily balancing act. But every time we take on a tough case or hear a client say, “You made this feel possible,” I know we’re on the right track. For me, RDB Associates isn’t just a firm—it’s a promise to turn legal battles into stories of resilience, one client at a time.

    You’ve been at the forefront of medical ethics and healthcare litigation, especially during the COVID-19 crisis. Based on your experience, what legal reforms are essential to better safeguard the rights of patients and healthcare providers in future public health emergencies?

    During my time working on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic—advising hospitals, patients, and government agencies on everything from vaccine mandates to life-and-death resource allocation decisions—I saw firsthand how our legal frameworks struggled to keep pace with the chaos of a public health crisis. Those years weren’t just about interpreting policies; they were about sitting across from exhausted ICU directors wondering if they’d face lawsuits for triage decisions, or patients’ families begging for clarity on why loved ones couldn’t access treatments. Those experiences convinced me that we need fundamental reforms to protect both caregivers and communities when the next crisis hits. That’s the exact reason why I enrolled in the Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Law & Ethics (PGDMLE) at NLSIU Bangalore. I realized I couldn’t just rage at the system’s flaws; I needed the tools to rebuild it. Studying the ethics of triage protocols, patient autonomy, and distributive justice gave me language for the moral vertigo I’d witnessed. But it also hardened my resolve: we must do better next time.

    A few priorities stand out to me. First, we have to address the legal gray areas that left healthcare providers paralyzed by fear of liability. I’ll never forget a Zoom call with a rural hospital team who’d reused PPE against normal protocols because they had no other choice—they spent more time worrying about lawsuits than patient care. We need laws that shield providers acting in good faith during emergencies, so they can focus on saving lives, not second-guessing every choice.

    Second, patients deserve more than vague promises during crises. Early in the pandemic, I worked with families who couldn’t get straight answers about vaccine access or ventilator allocation. That confusion eroded trust. We need enforceable rights to transparency—clear, legislated standards for how hospitals communicate priorities and allocate scarce resources. It’s not just ethical; it’s practical. Trust is the currency of public health.

    Third, the pandemic exposed how rigid regulations can stifle rapid response. I saw hospitals delay adopting telehealth because reimbursement rules weren’t updated, or scramble to interpret conflicting state/federal guidelines. We need “emergency mode” compliance frameworks—agile, pre-authorized systems that let providers adapt quickly without drowning in bureaucracy.

    And finally, telemedicine isn’t going anywhere. But its legal foundation? That’s still catching up. I advised dozens of clinics on privacy and licensing hurdles when they pivoted to virtual care overnight. We need durable laws that secure telehealth’s role in equitable care, not just temporary pandemic fixes.

    These lessons didn’t come from textbooks—they came from late-night calls with nurses, tense meetings with regulators, and too many conversations with grieving families. If we want a healthcare system that’s both compassionate and resilient, we have to build these reforms into its DNA now. Because the next crisis isn’t a matter of if—it’s when.

    As technology continues to reshape the legal landscape, how do you foresee cyber law evolving in India over the next few years, particularly with advancements in AI, increasing concerns over data privacy, and the rise of digital defamation cases?

    When I think about the future of cyber law in India, I’m struck by how rapidly technology is outpacing our legal frameworks. We’re at a pivotal moment where innovation and regulation must collaborate to protect citizens while fostering growth. Let me share my perspective on the key areas shaping this evolution.

    The Rashmika Mandanna deepfake incident last year was a wake-up call for me. Seeing how easily AI can manipulate reality made me realize how unprepared our laws are. I’ve spent hours discussing with peers: Who’s liable when a deepfake ruins a reputation? The creator? The platform hosting it? Right now, it’s a gray area. I strongly believe India needs AI-specific laws—or amendments to the IT Act—that enforce transparency and hold both developers and distributors accountable. Without this, misinformation could erode trust in digital spaces altogether.

    The DPDP Act of 2023 was a milestone, but I’m not convinced it’s enough. Take the Aadhaar breaches—these aren’t just technical failures; they’re systemic risks. In my research, I’ve noticed smaller companies often lack robust compliance frameworks. We need stricter audits, sector-specific rules (like for healthcare or finance), and real consequences for breaches. Personally, I’d advocate for a public awareness campaign too. People deserve to know how their data is used—and how to fight back when it’s misused.

    Last month, a friend’s startup was nearly derailed by a viral false review. It reminded me how fragile reputations are online. While free speech is sacred, I’ve seen too many cases where social media platforms hide behind “neutrality” to avoid accountability. My take? We need specialized cyber tribunals to resolve defamation cases faster. And intermediaries should be legally nudged to act responsibly—maybe by mandating takedown mechanisms for verified slander.

    The Air India data breach shook me. It wasn’t just about stolen passports—it exposed how vulnerable critical infrastructure is. I’ve spoken to cybersecurity experts who stress that reactive measures won’t cut it. Proactive steps like mandatory audits for utilities, ethical hacking certifications, and cross-border collaboration are vital. Frankly, if we don’t treat cyberattacks as acts of war, we’re leaving the door open for chaos.

    The RBI’s cautious stance on crypto is understandable, but ambiguity breeds risk. I’ve met young investors who don’t realize their crypto gains could be taxable—or that scams have little legal recourse. We need clear laws on fraud prevention, taxation, and consumer rights. Blockchain itself isn’t the enemy; it’s the lack of rules. Let’s regulate smartly, not stifle innovation.

    To me, cyber law isn’t just about rules—it’s about building trust in a digital India. Yes, laws must evolve faster, but collaboration is key. Lawyers, technologists, and policymakers need to sit at the same table. If we get this right, India could become a global model for balancing innovation and justice. And honestly, that’s what excites me most about working in this field.

    Your fluency in Japanese is quite rare among Indian legal professionals. How has this cultural and linguistic proficiency influenced your work with Japanese clients and impacted your approach to international legal matters?

    Learning Japanese started as a quirky lockdown project—honestly, I never saw it becoming part of my legal career! While most people mastered Dalgona coffee recipes, banana bread recipes or binge-watched entire seasons of TV shows, I decided to shake things up—I learned Japanese. 

    Here’s the thing: speaking Japanese isn’t just about translating words. For Japanese clients in India, it’s about catching the quiet stuff—the pauses, the unspoken hesitations. In Japan, communication is layered. You don’t just say what you mean; there’s a dance to it. I remember one case where a corporate client kept avoiding direct answers in emails. When I switched to speaking Japanese in our meeting, their relief was instant. Suddenly, we weren’t just talking at each other—we were problem-solving together. That trust? You can’t Google Translate that.

    There’s a saying in Japanese: “Kotoba yori kimochi”—feelings matter more than words. I’ve seen this play out in messy cross-border disputes or even delicate family cases. Once, in a tech contract negotiation, a tiny phrasing mismatch in English drafts nearly blew up the deal. But because I could explain the legal nuances in Japanese, we untangled it over a 10-minute call. The client joked afterward, “You’re like a legal diplomat with a dictionary brain.”

    Sure, it’s fun to surprise people when I switch languages in meetings, but the real win is this: law isn’t just about arguments. It’s about making someone feel heard, especially when they’re far from home. Whether it’s a corporate fraud case or a criminal defense matter, speaking Japanese lets me bridge two worlds. I’m not just their lawyer—I’m someone who gets why a bow matters more than a handshake, or why silence sometimes speaks louder than a contract clause.

    Funny how life works, right? A lockdown hobby became the tool that lets me turn legal headaches into human connections. And honestly? That’s the part of my job I love most—not just winning cases, but making sure no one gets lost in translation.

    You’ve built strong collaborations with international law firms. How have these alliances strengthened your ability to manage cross-border disputes, and what are some of the key challenges in reconciling international legal standards with Indian practices?

    One of the most rewarding parts of my career has been working with international legal teams—especially those involving Japanese stakeholders in tech, healthcare, or fraud cases. My fluency in Japanese and understanding of cultural nuances aren’t just “skills on paper.” They’ve been lifelines in building trust and untangling disputes that span borders. Let me give you an example: early in my career, I worked on a cross-border corporate fraud case where a Japanese tech firm was navigating a joint venture dispute with an Indian partner. The legal stakes were high, but so were the cultural ones. Being able to draft documents in Japanese, interpret subtle cues in negotiations, and explain the “why” behind India’s regulatory frameworks helped bridge gaps that might’ve derailed the case.

    These collaborations have taught me that cross-border work isn’t just about knowing the law—it’s about weaving together perspectives. For instance, working with EU teams on healthcare compliance, I saw firsthand how GDPR’s strict data privacy rules clashed with India’s evolving digital health policies. By pulling insights from both sides, we crafted hybrid strategies that satisfied regulators in Brussels and Mumbai. It’s like being a legal translator—not just of language, but of intent.

    But let’s be real: harmonizing international standards with Indian practice isn’t a tidy process. I remember a case where a Japanese client insisted on arbitrating a dispute in Tokyo under Japanese law, while the Indian counterpart demanded litigation in Delhi. The tension wasn’t just about “choice of law”—it was about pride, precedent, and perception. We navigated it by framing arbitration in Singapore as a neutral middle ground, but getting there required hours of candid conversations about what each side truly feared losing.

    Procedural differences can be landmines too. Once, during discovery in a U.S.-India fraud case, I realized the American team’s aggressive document requests were seen as invasive by the Indian witnesses. We had to recalibrate—explaining the “why” behind U.S. discovery rules to our clients, while gently pushing the U.S. team to respect local discomfort with overly broad requests. It wasn’t in any textbook; it was about empathy as much as strategy.

    And enforcement? That’s where theory meets reality. I’ll never forget the scramble to enforce an arbitral award from London in an Indian court—only to hit roadblocks because of a missing stamp paper. It felt absurd in the moment, but it taught me to sweat the small stuff and see the bigger picture: global rulings mean nothing if you don’t understand local procedural quirks.

    At its core, this work is about more than legal frameworks. It’s about asking questions like: How does a Japanese CEO’s expectation of “consensus” align with India’s more hierarchical corporate culture? Or Why might a German tech firm balk at India’s approach to interim injunctions? Those human, cultural layers are what make cross-border work so messy—and so fascinating. Every case is a crash course in humility, creativity, and finding common ground when the rulebooks disagree.

    Your pro bono work reflects a strong commitment to legal inclusion and social justice. What fuels this dedication, and how do you envision the broader role of legal professionals in expanding access to justice for marginalized communities?

    Justice isn’t just my profession—it’s a responsibility that defines how I approach the law. While my resume may not explicitly list pro bono hours, my career has been shaped by a conviction that legal advocacy should never be a luxury. Early in my practice, I represented a single mother facing wrongful eviction. She hadn’t slept in days, terrified of losing her home, yet she hesitated to seek help because she assumed the system was ‘not for people like her.’ That moment crystallized for me how deeply fear and complexity alienate marginalized communities from the very institutions meant to protect them. Since then, I’ve anchored my work in dismantling those barriers.

    My commitment starts with direct action. I’ve prioritized cases where individuals, like that single mother, lack the resources to fight systemic inequities. Whether it’s negotiating with landlords, defending workers’ rights, or guiding survivors of domestic violence through restraining orders, I’ve learned that access is the first hurdle. Many never reach a courtroom because they don’t know their options. That’s why I partner with NGOs to host free legal clinics in underserved neighborhoods. At one clinic, a teenager asked me, ‘Can the police really do that?’ after facing harassment. We drafted a complaint together, but what stayed with me was his shock that he had rights. It’s not enough to represent people—we have to empower them.

    This is where legal literacy becomes transformative. I’ve spent weekends leading workshops in rural communities, breaking down laws into relatable terms. For example, explaining inheritance rights to women through stories instead of statutes, or using role-play to teach villagers how to file RTI requests. When people grasp their rights, they shift from feeling powerless to becoming advocates for themselves and their communities. Technology amplifies this. During the pandemic, I collaborated with a tech startup to create a chatbot that guides users through labor law disputes in regional languages. One textile worker used it to reclaim months of unpaid wages—proof that innovation can democratize justice.

    But individual efforts aren’t enough. The legal fraternity must confront systemic flaws. I’ve joined advocacy groups pushing for reforms like simplifying bail procedures for low-income defendants and expanding legal aid funding. Last year, I testified before a state committee about how archaic procedural rules delay justice for rape survivors. It’s frustrating work—progress is slow—but necessary. We can’t fix a broken system without challenging its foundations.

    Mentorship is equally critical. I volunteer at law schools to nurture students who see law as a tool for social change. One mentee, now a public interest lawyer, recently texted me after winning a landmark case for tribal land rights: ‘You showed me that justice isn’t just in textbooks.’ That’s the legacy I want—inspiring the next generation to prioritize ethics over billable hours.

    Ultimately, justice is about dignity. Dr. King’s words—‘Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere’—ring truer today. When a farmer can’t contest land grabs or a Dalit student faces caste-based harassment without recourse, it corrodes our collective faith in the system. My role, as I see it, is to bridge the gap between the law’s promise and its practice. That means showing up in courtrooms and communities, drafting policies and pamphlets, leveraging tech and tradition.

    Yes, the challenges are vast—underfunded legal aid, bureaucratic inertia, and a culture that equates legal success with corporate pay checks. But every small victory, whether it’s a client’s relieved smile or a law student’s spark of idealism, reminds me why this work matters. Justice isn’t abstract; it’s the assurance that the system sees you, hears you, and fights for you. And until that’s a reality for every Indian, I’ll keep pushing—case by case, reform by reform, heart by heart.

    As a current member of the Sentence Review Board for the Delhi Government, you help review clemency and early release cases. What are the major aspects you have to keep in mind while making such decisions?

    I, though not a member, while assisting the Sentence Review Board, have learned that every case is a mosaic of stories, laws, and emotions. Let me share a few moments that shaped my perspective.

    There was a case involving a young man, barely 21, who’d been incarcerated for a non-violent drug offense. His file showed a troubled past—no family, homelessness, and exploitation by a local gang. But over time, he’d transformed. He earned a high school diploma in prison, taught others to read, and even started a small vegetable garden in the prison yard. The warden shared how he’d mediate conflicts among inmates, calling him a ‘quiet peacemaker.’ When compiling his case, I made sure to highlight not just his clean disciplinary record, but the person he’d become. It wasn’t about excusing his crime—it was about asking, Has he earned a chance to prove himself outside these walls?

    Then there was the heart-wrenching case of a 65-year-old woman serving time for embezzlement. She’d been a single mother, desperate to fund her daughter’s cancer treatment. Her remorse was palpable in every interview. She’d spent her incarceration stitching clothes for orphanages and writing letters of apology to the victims. But what stayed with me was her daughter, now cancer-free, pleading for a chance to care for her aging mother. I remember sitting with her file late one evening, thinking about the weight of punishment versus redemption. How do you measure justice when regret is so profound?

    I also recall a case where victim impact steered the conversation. A man convicted of assault had exemplary conduct in prison—counseling peers, earning certifications—but the survivor, still battling PTSD, feared his release. There were no easy answers. I worked closely with social workers to ensure her voice was central in the report, even including her request for a restraining order. It reminded me that fairness isn’t just about the offender; it’s about holding space for those still healing.

    Collaboration is key. Once, a prison nurse flagged an inmate’s terminal illness—a man with months to live, too frail to pose any risk. His brother, a farmer in Punjab, wanted to take him home to spend his final days with family. The medical reports, the brother’s letters, and the quiet dignity of the prisoner’s acceptance of his fate… these details became the backbone of my recommendation. The Board approved his release, and I later heard he passed away surrounded by loved ones. It reinforced why we must never reduce people to their worst mistakes.

    These experiences taught me that clemency isn’t about leniency—it’s about listening deeply to the law, the evidence, and the human heart. My job is to ensure the Board sees the full picture: the tears behind the paperwork, the growth amid the grit, and the fragile hope of second chances.

    You regularly engage with academic institutions and legal forums. What core principle do you emphasize to aspiring lawyers that you feel is often overlooked in formal legal education? Additionally, what guidance would you offer to young professionals still finding their footing in the legal field?

    When I mentor young lawyers, I always start with this: The law isn’t just about books and courtrooms—it’s about the person sitting across from you. Early in my career, I represented a single mother fighting a wrongful eviction. She wasn’t just a “tenant” in a file; she was terrified of losing the home where her kids took their first steps. That case taught me something no textbook ever did: empathy isn’t soft—it’s strategic. You can’t fight for someone if you don’t see them.

    Here’s what I wish someone had told me when I was starting out:
    Stay curious, but stay grounded. The law changes faster than TikTok trends—today it’s AI regulation, tomorrow it’ll be space law! But don’t chase shiny things at the expense of fundamentals. I still rehearse courtroom procedures in my head like a nervous rookie. Why? Because last year, I won a case on a procedural technicality my opponent overlooked. Basics matter.

    Words are your secret weapon. Early on, I wrote briefs packed with Latin phrases, thinking it made me sound smart. Then a judge pulled me aside and said, “Counsel, I’ve got 50 cases today—make me care in one page.” Now I write like I’m explaining things to my grandma. Clarity beats complexity every time.

    Your reputation isn’t a LinkedIn badge—it’s your currency. Once, a client asked me to hide evidence. I walked away, even though it meant losing a paycheck. Two years later, that same client referred a friend, saying, “You’re the only lawyer I trust.” Integrity compounds.

    Find your people. I wouldn’t be here without my mentor, Justice Kapoor, who once told me over chai, “Law is 10% argument, 90% listening.” Surround yourself with folks who’ll call you out when your ego’s writing checks your skills can’t cash.

    And burnout isn’t a trophy. I learned this the hard way during a marathon corporate trial. By day three, I was running on vending machine coffee and hubris. When I fumbled a simple objection, the opposing counsel smirked, “Tired, RDB?” Now I treat rest like it’s part of the job—because it is.

    Winston Churchill once said, “Success is not final, failure is not fatal…” I’ve lived that. I’ve lost cases I should’ve won and won ones I had no business touching. But what sticks with me isn’t the verdicts—it’s the client who hugged me after reuniting with their child, or the retiree who whispered, “You gave me hope again.”

    At the end of the day, great lawyering isn’t about being the smartest in the room. It’s about being the one who notices—the trembling hands, the unasked question, the quiet victory hidden in a compromise. Master that, and you won’t just practice law. You’ll change lives.

    Get in touch with Ramandeep Bawa –

  • “Laws are always changing and something new or the other is coming up always which will keep you on your toes irrespective of however many years you may have spent in this profession.” – Amrita Panda,  Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India.

    “Laws are always changing and something new or the other is coming up always which will keep you on your toes irrespective of however many years you may have spent in this profession.” – Amrita Panda,  Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With over a decade of experience in the legal field, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? How did your time at National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata, influence your understanding of the law and shape your career path?

    In school I used to love reading Perry Mason and John Grisham. Perry Mason navigating through difficult witnesses with elan and convincing the jury of the innocence of his client caught the fancy of a dreamy eyed teenager, and thus, with no family background in the subject I went to write the NUJS entrance exam. In college I actively participated in tons of moot court competitions and the adrenaline rush I got every time I was bombarded with questions from moot court judges (who are never kind!), made me realise that litigation was my calling. Every single internship of mine was a litigation internship and quite a few with Mr. Satish L. Maneshinde, Sr. Adv. in Bombay who in my eyes, was and still is, the real life Perry Mason. 

    My time at NUJS widened my horizons and gave me an insight into perspectives about litigation in other parts of the country, and then also globally. Ranking as one of the top institutions for law, NUJS saw a lot of talent from across the country. Being exposed to such versatile talent taught me to become open-minded not just about the profession, but also about life in general. And then of course the exposure I received from participating in several moot court competitions and internships, ultimately helped me realise my calling and shaped my career path. 

    After completing your law degree, you chose to pursue an LL.M. in Commercial and International Dispute Settlement at Queen Mary University in London. What drew you to this specific area of specialization, and how did your experience there differ from studying in India? Can you share some memorable experiences from that time?

    From my second year in college, I started participating in leading moot court competitions in international commercial arbitration. So my exposure to the subject started as early as second year of college, and now about 60% of my practise is commercial arbitration. Arbitration is a relatively new subject, at least in India which has grown at a jet speed in the last decade. In India we learnt the foundation of the subject, its origin in India, etc, but I chose the course at Queen Mary, University of London since it offered a very practise-centric course. We were taught by leading practitioners in the field and about 80% of our evaluation was hands-on training by the doyens in the field globally. While participating in the Vis East Moot we had read articles authored by Prof. Julian Lew and Constantine Partasides who were demi gods in the field for me. So imagine being taught by them at Queen Mary where they would teach a topic through real life experiences and anecdotes. My time at Queen Mary gave me the assurance I needed to remain in practise. 

    What motivated you to start your own practice, and what were the key challenges you encountered in those early stages? How did those formative experiences help shape the direction of your career? Additionally, how has your role as an AOR influenced your professional journey?

    Being a first generation lawyer, litigation was of course no cake walk, and that too in Delhi where I started in 2012, in a city that was absolutely new to me. I was fortunate to be mentored by Mr. Rajshekhar Rao, Sr. Adv. during my initial days in Delhi. After my time in his chamber, Debesh, my husband, pushed to start my own practise. With his support and encouragement, I decided to take the plunge, and since then I have not looked back. Setting up a practise in Delhi has been an uphill task, but I am blessed with very good seniors and mentors who have always looked out for me. I have also had very supportive clients who have been the best reference for me, and slowly yet steadily I managed to establish a very very tiny foothold in this city. 

    Becoming an AoR in 2022 was a good decision. I feel the AoR badge opens up more avenues, especially as a first-generation lawyer. You become acceptable and eligible for certain empanelments as an AoR and in Supreme Court, as young counsel, if you are arguing your own brief, judges definitely acknowledge that. 

    When preparing for complex cases before the Supreme Court of India, what is your approach? What has been one of the most interesting cases you’ve handled, and how did you approach it especially if you could share insights that might benefit young readers?

    Usually by the time a matter reaches the Supreme Court, it has been through several rounds of litigation and all possible issues would have been thrashed multiple times in the Courts below. In such a scenario, identifying that one point which will convince the Supreme Court to interfere in the matter, is the real challenge. 

    In 2017 – 18 I was doing a Civil Appeal before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India which was arising from the Satyam Scam issue and it involved interpretation of SEBI’s Insider Trading Regulations. This matter involved analysing the securities law aspect as well as connect criminal law aspects arising from the alleged transactions. This was probably one of the most challenging, yet rewarding matters in my career so far, not just because of the complexities involved in the matter, but also because final arguments before the Supreme Court took place in this matter happened in about 2 weeks after I had delivered my son. Because of the complexities involved, we were not in a position to take adjournments in the matter and having prepared the matter with so much labour with leading senior advocates over the last few months, I was reluctant to give up on this matter. 

    Ten days after closing final arguments in the matter, the judgment by the Supreme Court has probably been a victory in my career that I cherish the most purely because I know the kind of odds I faced not just dealing with the complex legal issues within a very short timeframe, but also dealing with my personal situation. This matter taught me that hard work is always rewarded irrespective of the odds, and if you have been dedicated with your work, the universe conspires in miraculous ways to fulfil your dreams. 

    You’ve handled numerous outstation cases across various High Courts and Tribunals throughout the country. What motivates you to take on cases beyond your local jurisdiction, and how would you describe your experience working in different courts?

    As a first generation lawyer, I always joke about the fact that I am ready to argue a matter even before a lamp-post! I was just delighted to get the opportunity to argue, the location of the Court mattered little to me. Being an outsider to Delhi, I started getting some briefs before the Calcutta High Court, Bombay High Court, etc in the initial days of my career. Gradually my practise developed in such a way that I have appeared before most high courts of the country, I have also appeared in several district courts and Tribunals outside Delhi. I feel out-station appearances gives you an insight into peculiar cultures of different courts and enriches you as a lawyer. Also, arguing matters before different high courts as a young counsel has given me recognition with judges who have later been transferred to other High Courts or the Supreme Court, and with counsels of those Courts who have thereafter referred matters to me in Delhi. 

    Given your trial experience before the Competition Commission of India, how do you see the role of the Competition Act in regulating business practices in India, and what challenges do various entities face in ensuring compliance with its provisions? 

    The Competition Commission of India has been playing a very active role in monitoring business enterprises in India irrespective of their size and spread of operations. In fact in 2023 the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that all Public Sector Undertakings also come within the purview of the Competition Act, 2002. In recent times CCI has passed ample orders and judgments in different cases in relation to the alleged anti-competitive conduct by Google. Upon coming to a finding of anti-competitive conduct, CCI is imposing large penalties on business giants like Meta. All of this I think goes on to infuse a sense of predictability and certainty in the market. With the regulator playing such a pro-active role it goes a long way in gaining the confidence of the business community and provides a secure and encouraging environment for smaller new and emerging business entities. 

    As an arbitrator appointed by the Delhi High Court, what has been one of the most challenging arbitration cases you’ve handled? In your opinion, how do you foresee the future of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) evolving, particularly with the increasing integration of technology into the legal field?

    I have been most fortunate to have been appointed as an Arbitrator by some judges of the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi. Sometimes as counsel, we do not realise the challenging task that judges shoulder day in and day out, coming prepared for so many matters and then listen to both counsels contend their sides and then arrive at a conclusion which is sound in reasoning and backed up by authorities so as to minimise the prospect of a challenge. The role as an Arbitrator is a mini trailer of what the judges do everyday and it makes you realise how difficult and daunting it can be to sit in that chair. 

    As a counsel in the latest 7 judge bench matter of the Supreme Court in the field of arbitration, I was witness to the Hon’ble Supreme Court overturning its decision of the 5 judge bench in less than a year in In Re: Interplay between Arbitration Agreements under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and the Indian Stamp Act, 1899, and playing a pro-active role in upholding India on the global stage as the new hub for commercial arbitration. What was most stunning is that for the hearing which continued over a week, with voluminous submissions made by the stalwarts in the field, there was not a single paper in the courtroom. The room did not seem inundated with reams of paper which is what used to be the normal in every courtroom until even a few years back. All judges and counsels were relying on their respective devices and the matter continued seamlessly over a week. I think a silver lining at the end of Covid 19 has been the openness to technology which has surely made the legal fraternity more environment friendly. 

    Representing doctors in matters related to the constitutional validity of the West Bengal Clinical Establishments Act must have been a demanding experience. Could you elaborate on your approach to the case and the challenges you encountered while navigating the constitutional aspects of the matter?

    Considering that public health and medical profession as a field are adequately regulated by parliamentary legislations being an Entry under List 1 of the Constitution, this Act had been challenged on various grounds as being repugnant to parliamentary legislations and being violative of the Constitution. Being a daughter of a practising doctor, this matter was more of a personal matter for me. When a writ petition had been filed before the Hon’ble Supreme Court by the group of doctors, the Supreme Court sent the matter back to the High Court for the High Court to take a preliminary look at the constitutionality of the Act. Before Calcutta High Court the constitutional aspects were very well appreciated, the enactment much watered down and in fact, as on date in fact the Hon’ble High Court has passed several orders where the powers of the Regulatory Commission under the Act has been significantly watered down and several Orders and Advisories passed by that Commission are repeatedly quashed by the Hon’ble High Court on inter alia on grounds of being unconstitutional. 

    With your diverse roles as an AOR, Arbitrator, and counsel in high-stakes constitutional cases, what do you believe is the most important quality law students should develop to succeed in the legal profession? Additionally, can you recommend resources that would help them stay updated on the latest legal developments?

    I think the most important asset in litigation is patience. I have seen many talented legal minds quit the profession due to lack of patience. This profession is a slow burner, so you will always have a slow start. But if you have the patience and the family support to struggle through the initial few years, this profession is also very rewarding. I don’t think you can ever feel that you have reached your peak in the profession. Laws are always changing and something new or the other is coming up always which will keep you on your toes irrespective of however many years you may have spent in this profession. I keep joking that the Supreme Court is probably one place where you will find the fittest grey hair running around like teenagers all day. In my early years in the profession, I had the opportunity to assist Mr. Fali Nariman, Sr. Adv. in a few matters. The twinkle in his eyes every time we would find an argument to counter the other side was no different from a 5 year old who has just figured out all the pieces in his jigsaw puzzle. 

    One thing I always keep learning from the younger lawyers is the ease with which they embrace technology. I have benefitted hugely by gracing technology into my daily work life, but I can also say that it would have been impossible without the tutoring from my very able younger colleagues in the office. These days all resources are available online and now with AI coming in, soon legal research will probably become even easier than what it is now. But a word of caution for younger lawyers, to always verify content generated by AI. At least till now AI has not been able to replace the human excellence and inter-personal nature which I think is the bedrock of our profession. 

    Given the intense nature of your professional commitments, how do you manage to maintain a balance between your professional responsibilities and personal life?

    I don’t think it is possible to balance the two. I feel we are always juggling between professional responsibilities and personal life and struggling to ensure that the ball does not drop. At all points of time, you need to prioritise one over the other and make a decision which you can justify, at least to your conscience. As a mother to a 6 year old, I realise the importance of being present for my son. But what I am most grateful for is that he realises that his mother is a happier person, hence a happier mother (who he finds easier to mould!) if she has had a good day at work. Our profession allows us to take vacations at fairly regular intervals and luckily most of our vacations coincide with school holidays giving us ample opportunity to enjoy quality time with family. That is how we manage to keep the circus going! 

    Get in touch with Amrita Panda –

  • “Find your purpose, prepare diligently, and persevere—because the impact of a good lawyer extends far beyond the courtroom.” – Karuna Krishan Thareja, Founder of Law Chambers of Karuna Krishan Thareja.

    “Find your purpose, prepare diligently, and persevere—because the impact of a good lawyer extends far beyond the courtroom.” – Karuna Krishan Thareja, Founder of Law Chambers of Karuna Krishan Thareja.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With your extensive and varied experience, what initially drew you to the field of law? Was entering the legal profession a conscious decision, or did a specific experience or event inspire you to pursue this path?

    My journey into the legal profession was both a conscious choice and an organic evolution, shaped by my upbringing, intellectual pursuits, and lived experiences.

    As a child, I was deeply influenced by my father, a Chartered Accountant (FCA) specializing in private tax law. His accounts of tribunal hearings, the complexities of his cases, and the challenges of client management intrigued and inspired me. A self-made man with exceptional intellectual and academic prowess (he was also a topper at Shri Ram College of Commerce) –  his achievements became a blueprint for excellence and perseverance. It was he who instilled in me the qualities of discipline, perseverance, and intellectual curiosity, shaping my approach to both life and law.

    Beyond his profession, he was a deeply philosophical man who, from my early years, personally guided me through Eastern philosophy, introducing me to the works of Swami Vivekananda, J. Krishnamurti, Paramahansa Yogananda, and Ramakrishna Paramahansa. These teachings became the bedrock of my ethical compass.

    Initially, my academic path led me to literature, where I earned an honors degree in English Literature. This was a transformative period—literature’s deep engagement with human conflict, ethics, and justice refined my ability to empathize, analyze, and articulate complex ideas. Little did I know then that these skills would later become indispensable in my legal career.

    Following my graduation, I entered the corporate world, which became both an eye-opener and a catalyst for change. While this phase refined my people and management skills – it also gave me exposure to contract negotiation, drafting agreements, mediations, employment issues and dispute resolution. Corporate workplaces in the early 2000s revealed a stark reality: the pervasive challenges of gender inequality, and workplace harassment, witnessing first-hand how these issues affected individuals, especially women in workplaces. It was here that I saw how the lack of legal awareness perpetuated these injustices, planting the seeds for my eventual pivot to law.

    What ultimately solidified my decision to enter litigation, however, were deeply personal experiences— exposing me to the rigours of the justice system of the country. These experiences were both humbling and galvanizing, reinforcing the urgency of having strong legal advocacy for those who feel powerless.

    In retrospect, law was never just a profession for me—it was a calling. It is what gives my life meaning and purpose as an individual and woman. It gives my life meaning and purpose, both as an individual and as a woman. I can’t imagine myself in any other field. Litigation is a tough career, but it fuels my passion and desire for learning, empowers me, and, most importantly, allows me to empower others in their pursuit of justice.

    In the early stages of your career, working with various organizations, what experiences helped shape your understanding of the law? Which experiences were most influential in your growth and advancement in the legal field?

    I was fortunate that in the initial stages of my career, I had the opportunity to hone my skills across a broad spectrum of courts, from the District Courts to the Appellate Courts. Practicing in District Courts provided me with a solid foundation in procedural laws, particularly in family law pertaining to matrimonial disputes, child custody and criminal law. I gained invaluable firsthand experience in criminal law jurisprudence understanding the initiation and progression of criminal cases inter-alia from the filing of FIRs to the conduct of trials and sentencing including anticipatory bails, regular bail and subsequently the natural transition to appellate work which encompassed appeal against conviction, first appeal from first order, commutation of sentence et all.  

    My practice before the High Court and Supreme Court significantly enhanced my understanding of appellate law, particularly in the area of writ jurisdiction Article 226, 227 and Article 32 of the constitution of India, which has become one of my areas of specialization. A noteworthy case during this period was a PIL before the Allahabad High Court, where the Hon’ble High Court banned the import of Khas Khas from Turkey. The petitioner represented by my senior had sought an investigation into these imports, which were linked to funding arms smuggling. The court’s decision underscored the critical connection between trade policies and national security. This journey eventually led me to white-collar crime cases, where the complexities of financial frauds and corporate misconduct required a nuanced and strategic approach. At the same time, drawing from my corporate background, I continued to work extensively on negotiation and arbitration. One notable case involved an arbitration matter for a company based in Laos, which required navigating cross-border legal and commercial complexities.

    Furthermore, I have been extremely fortunate that in the early stages of my career, I had the privilege of learning from seasoned lawyers and Senior Advocates, which laid the foundation of my legal understanding. One of the most formative experiences was assisting Senior Advocate Ms. Meenakshi Arora in a dowry death case before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. This complex appeal against a conviction provided invaluable insight into criminal law, appellate advocacy, and, most importantly, the meticulous preparation required for a criminal appeal before the Apex court.

    Equally impactful has been my work in corporate and company law, particularly with Petronet LNG Ltd. wherein I have drafted, prepared and represented the Board of Directors as well as MD & CEO of the company in matters pertaining to disciplinary proceedings and termination (board-related issues and compliance with the Companies Act, 2013) in writ petitions under Article 226 and Letter Patent Appeal. The notable case Rajeev Agrawal v. Union of India is another reported judgement wherein the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi upheld the legality of disciplinary proceedings initiated by the company. This case was among the first to interpret Section 178(2) of the Companies Act. 

    As counsel for Petronet LNG in the aforesaid matter, I’ve had the privilege of briefing some of the country’s most respected Senior (Sr.) Advocates, including Solicitor General of India Mr Tushar Mehta, Former ASGI Mr Sanjay Jain, Sr. Advocate Dushyant Dave, Sr. Advocate, Mr Sidharth Luthra and Sr. Advocate Ms. Meenakshi Arora, Sr. Advocate Mr Sandeep Sethi among others. These experiences have been instrumental in shaping my advocacy skills and understanding the nuances of working in high-stakes matters.

    Another pivotal experience has been representing Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Ltd. in diverse cases which has deepened my knowledge about Electricity laws, including the landmark case before the Hon’ble Supreme Court in relation to indirect taxes (labour cess) BOCW act 1996. In this reported judgement, the Hon’ble Apex court clarified that an arbitration clause does not bar remedies under Article 226 of the Constitution, even in contractual disputes. This judgment not only set a significant precedent but also taught me the importance of navigating the interplay between constitutional remedies and arbitration law. This matter, widely reported in law journals and magazines, gave me invaluable exposure to litigating across various forums including APTEL (Electricity Tribunal) Hon’ble High Court of Allahabad and Delhi, as well as the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India.

    However, what I have come to appreciate the most about my legal journey is witnessing the dynamic evolution of the law and the enactment of significant legislations that have shaped the legal landscape. As a legal professional, witnessing the enactment of the POCSO Act, 2012 and Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013 (post the Vishakha Judgement), was a significant victory for child and women protection in India. Prior to this legislation, child abuse cases were inadequately addressed under the Indian Penal Code, which was hugely challenging as a lawyer because the older legislations did not address the various violations that a child is subjected to. The significant changes in arbitration law, particularly with the introduction of the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act of 2015 and subsequent amendments have made the enactment aligned with international best practices. This constant evolution of the law, responding to societal needs and global benchmarks, has been rewarding to engage with as a legal professional. 

    What inspired you to establish your own legal practice? Were there particular challenges you faced initially, and what factors led you to take the leap into starting your own practice?

    Establishing my own legal practice was non-negotiable for me, inspired by my late father’s vision and the values he instilled in me. A successful chartered accountant with a thriving private practice in tax law since the 1970s, my father exemplified the principles of hard work, a client-centric approach, empathy in the profession, and the importance of autonomy over one’s work and time. Watching him navigate his career left a lasting impression on me and shaped my aspirations.

    While I eventually established my practice, I spent the initial decade of my career in the corporate world, working with firms that primarily served North American and UK clients. This global and multidimensional experience not only broadened my perspective but also honed essential skills like professionalism, clear communication, and efficient case management. I learned how to create detailed case status reports, track deliverables meticulously, and meet international standards for client servicing—all of which have become integral to my practice today.

    These early experiences also reinforced the importance of building a practice that balances professionalism with empathy, ensuring that every client feels supported and understood.

    Of course, there are challenging days. Despite significant strides toward gender equality, women are not “heard” enough in court rooms and remain underrepresented in the judiciary and in senior positions within law firms. This makes persevering in the profession undeniably tough, as pressure to prove one’s competence is undeniably higher for women in the legal profession. As one counsel aptly noted, “the bar is higher for us.”

    That said, true joy in accomplishment comes from overcoming challenges and obstacles along the way.

    Furthermore, having an independent practice allows me the autonomy to manage my own cases while still engaging with Senior Advocates in high-stakes matters and collaborating with senior counsels on national-level cases. Working with such seasoned professionals not only enhances my legal knowledge but also underpins the importance of maintaining integrity, professionalism, and a commitment to excellence in every case I handle.

    This balance has been instrumental in my growth, enabling me to learn from the best while building my own path and niche in the profession. 

    In criminal law, particularly in cases involving white-collar crimes or financial frauds, how do you approach these complex issues? Could you share a particularly fascinating case that stands out to you?

    First and foremost, it’s important to acknowledge that white-collar crimes are rarely straightforward. They often involve intricate layers of collusion, procedural lapses, and complex legal issues. Successfully navigating these cases requires meticulous preparation, strategic foresight, and the ability to adapt to evolving circumstances.

    My approach begins with a disciplined process that I refer to as the “discovery phase.” This phase involves an intensive discussion with the client to thoroughly understand the factual matrix, their position in relation to the case, and the specific grievances they are seeking to address and the relief they are seeking. Reviewing all relevant documents, transactions, and communications is critical to uncovering the core issues and formulating a strategy.

    When representing clients who are apprehended or incarcerated, the approach shifts slightly. My co-counsels and I have often visited clients in custody to gather complete information directly from them. Each case depends significantly on the nature of the client’s involvement—whether they are the aggrieved party seeking relief or a defendant in need of defense. This tailored approach ensures that we build a robust case strategy aligned with the client’s needs and the complexities of the matter.

    Additionally, I place great importance on revisiting the relevant acts and applicable laws for each matter. It’s a habit I’ve observed even among the most seasoned counsels, such as Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal, who I have observed in court emphasize the value of studying the bare act every time. This practice ensures clarity and precision in interpreting the law. Equally important is studying landmark judgments from the Supreme Court and High Courts on critical aspects of white-collar crimes. These judgments provide valuable insights, particularly on issues such as interpretation, recording of statements, admissibility of evidence, and bail considerations for accused and co-accused individuals.

    This foundational work is critical in developing a robust legal strategy that not only addresses the immediate legal issues but also advise the clients on their legal remedies safeguarding their best interests. Maintaining the highest ethical standards and client confidentiality is paramount in these cases

    As a first-generation lawyer—and a woman in this field opportunities to handle high-stakes, complex cases have not always come easily. I have been fortunate to work under the guidance of some of the finest legal minds, including Mr. Shishir Prakash Advocate, a fourth-generation lawyer, whose mentorship has been instrumental in shaping my approach to white-collar crime and associated criminal matters.

    One case that stands out in my career was a complex financial fraud involving embezzlement of hundreds of crores involving a deemed university from a reputed Bank. We represented the bank. The case was multifaceted, requiring us to address systemic collusion, navigate ongoing investigations, and safeguard the bank’s interests. 

    Representing the bank, we uncovered evidence of collusion, the potential influence of the university and the sluggish pace of the police investigation and advised filing a petition in the Hon’ble Allahabad High Court for a court-monitored investigation through an SIT. The investigation resulted in 24 individuals being charge-sheeted, including senior university officials.

    A key challenge was addressing the banking principle that unauthorized payments obligate indemnification. We presented the unique circumstances to the RBI, which deferred any indemnification until the trial concluded. Notably, the university refrained from filing recovery claims. The HOD of the university challenged the charge sheet under Section 482 CrPC before the High Court, which rejected the plea in a detailed judgment. The order was further challenged before the Hon’ble Supreme Court, which dismissed the SLP and directed the trial court to frame charges and expedite proceedings. As a result, the SIT completed the investigation, and 24 individuals were charge-sheeted, including key officials. 

    This case was a masterclass in handling the complexities of white-collar crimes. It required navigating criminal liability, regulatory compliance, and the intersection of civil and criminal law. The outcome safeguarded the bank’s interests and underscored the importance of proactive measures by financial institutions in addressing fraud.

    Most recently, my involvement in the Chhattisgarh money laundering Liquor Scam has been a highlight of my legal career. This case, of significant national importance, involves allegations of money laundering and corruption spanning multiple jurisdictions. Representing key stakeholders required navigating civil, criminal, and PMLA and PC Act domains while managing overlapping investigations by the Enforcement Directorate (ED), Economic Offences Wing (EoW), and State Task Force (STF). Assisting Senior advocates such as Ms. Meenakshi Arora and Mr. Yatin Oza on this case has evolved and sharpened my legal acumen and jurisprudence of bail law in PMLA cases significantly. 

    Having worked on intellectual property rights and cyber law matters, how do you perceive the increasing significance and challenges of these areas in the digital age?

    In a country where internet usage is growing exponentially—with India leading in social media consumption—the next generation must be prepared to navigate digital challenges responsibly. Cyber fraud and scam have off late become alarmingly common, with even close friends and family members falling victim, losing significant sums to scams.

    Adding a new layer to this discourse is the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has brought incredible possibilities but also complex legal and ethical questions. For instance, Justice Pratibha Singh, a sitting judge of the Hon’ble Delhi High Court and a distinguished IP lawyer in her practice days, recently held a training session for lawyers at the Delhi High Court wherein she raised a thought-provoking question: If AI creates an original work, would it be protected under intellectual property laws, and if so, who would own the rights—the programmer, the user, or the AI itself? These questions are at the forefront of today’s legal discourse.

    That said, there are immense positives to the integration of technology and AI into the legal field. I recently presented a white paper titled “Reimagining Justice in the 21st Century: AI and the Future of Judicial Decision Making” at the Ad Meliora 5 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Law, and Ethics, organized by the Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru. In my paper, I explored how AI could enhance judicial processes by improving efficiency, accuracy, and access to justice. At the same time, I raised pertinent questions: Can AI replace the empathic and intuitive dimensions of human decision-making? How can we balance the potential of AI with the necessity for human oversight in the judicial process? This exploration highlighted the duality of technology as both a tool for progress and a source of complex challenges.

    My practical experience aligns with these broader reflections. One notable example is my work on enforcing intellectual property rights in the case of Dr. Kumar Vishwas vs. Zomato India & Ors., where I represented Dr. Kumar Vishwas in a landmark moment of my career. The Delhi High Court permanently restrained Zomato from using his iconic poem, *Koi Deewana Kehta Hai*, without authorization, underscoring the critical importance of protecting creative rights in the digital age. Similarly, my work with artists and creators has reinforced the importance of safeguarding intellectual property in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. For instance, I represented a Dubai-based artist in a copyright infringement case involving an advertising campaign by a leading jeweller in the country. I am pleased to report that we successfully averted protracted litigation by resolving the matter amicably through an out-of-court settlement. There are several matters but the moot point is that there is an urgent need for vigilance and robust legal mechanisms to uphold their rights in an increasingly interconnected world.

    My work in these areas extends beyond litigation to education and advocacy. For example, I have conducted workshops for children from Grade 6 through senior school, helping them understand their internet rights and responsibilities. Topics such as cyberbullying, online privacy, and digital safety are crucial, especially when young children and women are disproportionately affected by cybercrime. In my view, Legal studies, particularly focusing on cyber law, should be made a mandatory part of senior school curriculums. One of the things I strongly advocate for.

    With your experience practicing in both the Supreme Court and High Courts, how does the litigation process differ when representing clients at the Supreme Court compared to High Courts or tribunals? Additionally, how do you prepare for complex cases involving constitutional writs and appeals in criminal cases?

    Practicing in both the Hon’ble Supreme Court and the Hon’ble High Courts has been a fascinating journey, as each forum demands a unique approach. The Hon’ble Supreme Court, the top court in the country primarily deals with matters of constitutional importance and substantial questions of law, requiring arguments that are concise, strategic, and grounded in precedent.

    One striking difference is the time allocated to argue cases. In the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, particularly in special leave petitions (SLPs), lawyers often have just a matter of minutes to present their case and make an impact. This means every word, every argument, and every reference must be meticulously planned to resonate with the bench. It’s a test of precision and clarity. In High Courts, however, one generally has more time to build and present the case, engaging more deeply with the factual matrix and legal nuances. Furthermore, for constitutional writs, the focus is on articulating fundamental rights violations and aligning the arguments with constitutional principles. Criminal appeals require a meticulous examination of trial records, focusing on procedural lapses, evidentiary errors, or any miscarriage of justice that warrants appellate intervention. In appeals from High Court judgments, a thorough examination of the judgment is essential. One cannot mechanically file appeals simply to satisfy a litigant’s demand or burden the courts unnecessarily—a practice that often exacerbates the issue of judicial backlog.

    I must mention that the role of an Advocate-on-Record (AOR) in the Supreme Court is pivotal to the success of any case, as they bear the responsibility of not only filing pleadings but also ensuring compliance with procedural requirements and maintaining a strategic approach to case management. Working with an AOR like Mr. Mohit D Ram, who brings unparalleled expertise and insight to the table, has been an invaluable experience. Working with AOR Mohit has reinforced the power of collaboration—where a strong, cohesive team enhances efficiency, sharpens legal strategy, and ultimately drives success in complex cases.

    Representing clients in the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India comes with heightened responsibility, as it is often their last avenue for seeking relief. There’s a significant emotional and professional weight to delivering results in this forum.

    In bail matters, however, which directly impact an individual’s liberty, the urgency and gravity of the situation demand swift filing and a well-prepared case that convincingly demonstrates why bail should be granted regardless of the legal forum. Here, Articles 21 and 22 become central to ensuring that due process and personal freedoms are safeguarded.

    My process is rooted in thoroughness and organization. I prioritize gathering detailed information from my clients, ensuring no critical fact is overlooked. This includes a meticulous examination of evidence, careful drafting of submissions, and pre-emptively addressing potential challenges. I believe that a strong foundation of facts and a clear legal strategy are indispensable for success in any matter.

    Ultimately, each case, regardless of the forum, is an opportunity to contribute meaningfully to the pursuit of justice.

    As someone actively involved in pro bono work for child rights organizations like Pratyek.org.in and ICCHR, can you share more about your contributions to child protection under the POCSO Act? What drives you to focus your legal expertise on social causes, and how do you balance pro bono work with your other professional responsibilities?

    Balancing pro bono work with my other professional responsibilities requires careful planning and time management. I allocate specific hours each week to pro bono cases and ensure that my commitments to paying clients and high-stakes matters are met without compromise. It’s not always easy, but I’ve found that the sense of purpose and fulfillment I gain from pro bono work invigorates me and enhances my overall practice. 

    I am privileged to be on the panel of Pratyek.org.in as part of their child protection team, where I provide legal guidance and advice on cases of child sexual abuse under the POCSO Act. My contributions include assisting in navigating the complexities of these cases to ensure that children receive the protection and justice they deserve. Recently, I conducted a workshop on the United Nations General Comment 27, focusing on access to justice for children and its implications. It was an opportunity to highlight how justice systems can be made more inclusive and accessible for young people. 

    Additionally, I contributed to the endorsement of the Election Commission of India’s 2024 guidelines on children’s involvement in election processes. This initiative focused on safeguarding children’s interests and ensuring that their participation, directly or indirectly, aligns with ethical and legal standards.

    I also regularly provide legal advice to women aggrieved by domestic violence, particularly those from modest socioeconomic backgrounds, such as domestic workers and staff. It is shocking to see how many women are unaware of their rights and continue to endure violence and abuse at home. Even something as fundamental as securing their Streedhan—a legal entitlement meant for their financial security—is often overlooked or denied, leaving them vulnerable and without recourse. So one can imagine the lack of awareness pertaining to legal rights in our country and across spectrums.

    I make it a point to speak to young girls whenever I get the opportunity, educating them about their legal rights and the importance of empowerment. In October 2023, I was invited to a university to conduct a workshop on Women’s Autonomy.

    My passion for these causes stems from a deep belief that access to justice is a fundamental right, not a privilege. 

    I also take up causes independently, advocating for change where I see injustice. In 2022, I noticed that CBSE required students to mandatorily mention their father’s name on the OMR sheet, disregarding the realities of single-parent households and in violation of ABC Vs. State (NCT of Delhi), AIR 2015 SC 2569, which emphasizes that the welfare of the child is paramount, and the father’s name is not mandatory to be mentioned. Recognizing the discriminatory nature of this requirement, I wrote to CBSE and the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR). The Education Cell of NCPCR promptly took cognizance of the issue and wrote to CBSE, urging immediate action. They highlighted the mandatory inclusion of the father’s name as discriminatory against children raised by single mothers and referenced the Hon’ble Supreme Court’s judgment.  Acting on these directives, CBSE revised their OMR sheets promptly.

    Under my pro bono work, I represented an RWA President before the UP Pollution Board and assisting the residents of Sector 50 noida in presenting the residents’ plea against the construction of an upcoming mall in a residential area. These efforts reflect my ongoing commitment to advancing justice, inclusivity, and community welfare.

    Given the demanding nature of your practice and your involvement in multiple legal domains, how do you maintain a healthy work-life balance?

    For me, maintaining mental health is not just intentional—it’s an occupational necessity!

    This is an issue I’ve written about in my article published on SCC Online, “Are Women in Litigation Disproportionately Affected by Mental Health Concerns? Unpacking the Intersection of Women, Litigation, and Mental Health.” In the piece, I discussed how women, particularly in litigation, face unique mental health challenges due to systemic biases and the high-pressure environment. But this isn’t just about women—it’s about the legal profession as a whole. 

    The legal profession, by its nature, exposes us to stress and emotionally intense situations whether it’s dealing with traumatic case histories, high-stakes decisions, or simply the pressure to always be at our best. Lawyers and judges often carry the emotional weight of the cases they work on, yet we’re expected to maintain this veneer of resilience. That expectation can make it difficult to seek support or even acknowledge the toll it takes. 

    Recognizing this gap, I started The Inner Lawyer, a pro bono initiative on social media to raise awareness about mindfulness and mental health within the legal community.

    Personally, I was fortunate that my father introduced me to Vipassana meditation during my teenage years, which laid the foundation for mindfulness in my life. Meditation, journaling, listening to classical music (both Indian and western) and moments of quiet reflection are parts of my routine. 

    Lately, I’ve discovered that humor is one of the most powerful remedies for stress. As lawyers, we spend most of our days with a frown, whether it’s dealing with the intricacies of case law or the pressure of clients or opposing counsels or facing adversarial courtroom situations. So, when a Judge or a Senior Advocate lightens up the mood, it’s a welcome relief! Given the gravity of our profession, not taking life too seriously is a valuable perspective. I also enjoy watching light-hearted shows and stand-up comedy—it’s a great way to unwind and decompress! Zakir Khan and Jimmy O. Yang are among my favourites. 

    For young legal professionals aspiring to build a diverse and broad legal career, what advice would you offer based on your own experience and journey?

    For young legal professionals, especially the first generation lawyers aspiring to build a diverse and impactful career, my advice is rooted in three key principles: purpose, preparation, and perseverance.

    First, define your why. Ask yourself why you want to pursue law and what drives you. Is it the allure of courtroom drama, the intellectual challenge, or a deep desire to make a difference? Your purpose will be your compass, guiding you through the highs and lows of this demanding profession.

    Second, invest in preparation. Law is a discipline that thrives on knowledge and understanding. Cultivate critical thinking. Read widely—beyond legal texts. Literature, philosophy, and history provide context to human behavior and the societies we serve. Works by Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and even contemporary writers like Shashi Tharoor have shaped my perspective, as much as the jurisprudence of Isaiah Berlin, Joseph Raz, and Catherine MacKinnon. Law is deeply intertwined with life; the more you understand the world, the better you’ll serve it. Also, engaging with their philosophies adds depth to a lawyer’s understanding and personality – both.

    Third, cultivate perseverance. Success in law isn’t just about intelligence; it’s about grit and the willingness to keep going when the path gets tough. This profession demands long hours, emotional resilience, and the ability to stay calm under pressure. And here’s something many young lawyers get wrong—it’s not about being aggressive or raising your voice to make your point. The best advocates I’ve seen are composed, clear, and persuasive, winning arguments with substance, not volume. Respect for the bench, seniors, and the legal process is non-negotiable—these relationships and values will shape your growth as a professional.

    Finally, as lawyers, especially in today’s conflict ridden world and escalating disputes, we need to rethink the role we play. The world now needs more mediators, problem solvers, and those committed to finding resolutions. And Lawyers have the unique privilege of truly making a difference in someone’s life. Imagine mediating a family dispute, helping a couple opt for an amicable divorce instead of a contentious one, or counselling clients to pursue peace rather than retribution. As lawyers, we must assess whether a matter truly belongs in litigation or if it can be resolved through mediation or negotiation.

    Ultimately, an aggrieved party looks up to the judicial system for a speedy resolution, not just representation or protracted litigation. It is our duty as officers of the court to also counsel our clients and discourage frivolous and  malicious litigation because that not only clogs an already overburdened judiciary but in my view is a disservice to the country and the justice system.

    As Justice Krishna Iyer put it: “Law is meant to serve the living and does not beat its wing in the jural void.”

    Find your purpose, prepare diligently, and persevere—because the impact of a good lawyer extends far beyond the courtroom.

    Get in touch with Karuna Krishan Thareja –

  • “The true impact of the legal profession extends beyond courtrooms and legal precedents—it resonates in the lives touched and the societal change fostered through the pursuit of justice for all.” – Bharat Malhotra, Senior Partner at Tritent Legal LLP

    “The true impact of the legal profession extends beyond courtrooms and legal precedents—it resonates in the lives touched and the societal change fostered through the pursuit of justice for all.” – Bharat Malhotra, Senior Partner at Tritent Legal LLP

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Can you share some key milestones in your 9-year career as a civil lawyer? Please allow us to walk through your journey.

    My upbringing was immersed in legal discussions as my father, Mr Rakesh Malhotra, an established lawyer, handled high-profile cases and provided legal aid to those in need. Despite financial constraints, these clients compensated him with unwavering loyalty and respect. Witnessing this left a lasting impression on my brother, Mr Kushal Malhotra, and me, shaping our understanding of the legal profession. Since then, we have strived to emulate his dedication and principles. 

    During my tenure as a civil lawyer and senior partner at Tritent Legal LLP, I have undergone a remarkable and transformative journey marked by numerous challenges and triumphs. My unwavering faith in God and a steadfast commitment to my work have granted me the strength and clarity to navigate the intricacies of the legal profession. 

    In the early stages of my career, establishing myself in a competitive field proved daunting. Despite moments of uncertainty and setbacks, the invaluable learning experiences balanced these challenges and shaped my approach to law. A significant early success was securing a favourable order in my first week of litigation, boosting my confidence and solidifying my reputation within the firm and the broader legal community. 

    A defining aspect of my career has been my involvement in legal aid work, focusing on representing clients from underprivileged backgrounds. Winning cases for these individuals has been profoundly rewarding, and witnessing their relief and gratitude is a powerful reminder of why I chose this profession—to make a tangible difference in people’s lives. 

    In addition to these victories, mentoring young lawyers has been an honour, as I encourage them to pursue their passions while upholding the highest standards of integrity and dedication. Their growth and achievements bring me tremendous pride, as do the respect and recognition I have earned from my colleagues and clients. 

    Throughout this journey, the support of my team, my parents, and my mentors has been instrumental. Their unwavering encouragement and belief in my capabilities have been a driving force, propelling me to overcome challenges and celebrate victories with humility and gratitude. 

    Overall, my career has been a long, emotional, yet motivating journey, filled with challenges and profound moments of satisfaction. These experiences have enriched my professional life and strengthened my determination to continue advocating for justice and equality for all. 

    Each day, I am reminded of the privilege of serving as a voice for those in need and the profound impact that dedicated legal work can have on individuals and communities. 

    In conclusion, the transition from witnessing my father’s legal practice to leading a successful law firm, Tritent Legal LLP, has been a profound evolution guided by a fundamental principle—the commitment to good work. This commitment is reflected not only in the high-profile cases in our portfolio but also, more importantly, in the continuation of a tradition that places pro bono work at the heart of our legal practice. It is a commitment to justice, compassion, and the understanding that the true impact of the legal profession extends beyond courtrooms and legal precedents—it resonates in the lives touched and the societal change fostered through the pursuit of justice for all.

    What motivated you to pursue a career in civil litigation? How do you envision the future of civil litigation evolving, and how are you preparing for it?

    With unwavering conviction, I’ve chosen to pursue a career in civil litigation. My deep-rooted belief in the law’s ability to champion justice and amplify the voices of the overlooked has been the driving force behind my decision. The intricacy and dynamism of civil litigation have always captivated me, offering unique opportunities to grapple with complex legal matters and deliver powerful resolutions. I take on the responsibility of representing individuals and organizations in disputes with utmost reverence and dedication. 

    When I envision the future of civil litigation, I foresee a rapidly evolving landscape propelled by technological advancements and the emergence of artificial intelligence. These groundbreaking innovations are poised to revolutionize the legal sphere, reshaping how we approach e-discovery, case management, client interactions, and legal research. 

    Integrating AI-driven insights and automation tools can bolster our analytical prowess and streamline processes, resulting in more efficient, precise, and accessible legal services. Our commitment to harnessing technology is instrumental in ensuring that our firm remains competitive and adept at meeting the diverse needs of our clients. 

    Furthermore, the legal domain is experiencing a noticeable shift towards embracing alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods like mediation and arbitration as clients seek cost-effective and expedited solutions. This transformation necessitates a focused drive towards honing negotiation and conflict resolution skills, which I actively pursue to provide clients with innovative and tailored solutions. 

    By embracing these methods, we can offer flexible approaches that align with our client’s objectives and priorities. Sailing through the future requires vigilance in adapting to new laws and regulatory challenges arising from societal and technological advancements. Staying abreast of these developments is pivotal to offering informed and effective representation to clients. Whether deciphering the implications of new data privacy regulations or adapting to changes in employment law, a proactive approach ensures that we can anticipate and address the challenges that lie ahead. 

    I am dedicated to perpetual learning and professional development to thrive in this dynamic environment. At Tritent Legal LLP, we cultivate a culture of innovation and adaptability, encouraging our team to partake in ongoing educational opportunities and embrace pioneering ideas and methodologies. This proactive approach doesn’t just bolster our firm’s capabilities but reinforces our commitment to delivering exceptional service to our clients. As we embark on this journey into the future, I am both exhilarated and prepared to confront the challenges and seize the opportunities. With a firm foundation of integrity, excellence, and client-centred service, I am confident that we will continue to wield a positive influence in the legal profession and beyond, championing justice and propelling progress in an ever-changing world.

    How do you manage and balance your extensive responsibilities as a senior partner at Tritent Legal?

    Balancing the extensive responsibilities as a senior partner at Tritent Legal LLP is like juggling flaming swords while riding a unicycle—it’s all about focus and timing, with a dash of humour to keep things light! Effective time management and delegation are key to managing these responsibilities, allowing me to focus on what truly matters while ensuring our firm operates smoothly.

    One of my guiding principles is to emphasize effort over outcomes. I constantly remind my team to care about their efforts when pursuing a case rather than getting overly fixated on the results. After all, if you love what you do and give it your best, everything tends to fall into place. This mindset helps us stay motivated and passionate, even during the most challenging times.

    Delegation is essential in maintaining balance. I trust our talented team to handle significant tasks and decisions, fostering a collaborative environment where everyone feels valued and motivated. By leveraging our team members’ strengths, I can concentrate on high-level strategic initiatives and client relations, knowing that the daily operations are in capable hands.

    Time management is another crucial component of my approach. I allocate specific blocks of time for focused work, client meetings, and team collaboration while keeping some flexibility to handle the unexpected. Regularly reviewing my schedule and adjusting priorities ensures I stay agile and responsive to the ever-changing demands of legal work.

    Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is also essential for long-term success and well-being. I make it a point to spend time with family, pursue personal interests, and care for myself. After all, a happy lawyer is a productive lawyer, and a balanced life enhances both professional performance and personal fulfilment.

    Of course, I do make mistakes, but I view them as valuable learning opportunities. Each mistake is a chance to gain insight and improve, and I believe in moving on with lessons learned. Ultimately, managing and balancing responsibilities as a senior partner involves a combination of strategic planning, effective delegation, and a healthy dose of humor. I strive to lead Tritent Legal LLP with integrity and a smile—values I’ve learned from my father, who is the managing partner. By fostering a supportive and collaborative environment, embracing flexibility, and prioritizing professional and personal well-being, I aim to lead with the same integrity and warmth he embodies.

    You have been recognized with several awards and honors, such as the Indian Achiever’s Award and being appointed as an Amicus Curiae. How do these accolades impact your professional journey?

    The recognition of receiving several awards and honors, such as the Indian Achiever’s Award and being appointed as an Amicus Curiae, has profoundly influenced my professional journey. These accolades are not just a validation of my hard work and dedication, but also a source of motivation and inspiration. They remind me of the responsibilities that come with being a lawyer and the trust placed in me by many people.

    Receiving the Indian Achiever’s Award was a significant milestone that reinforced my commitment to excellence in the legal profession. It’s gratifying to see our efforts at Tritent Legal LLP being recognized on such a prestigious platform. This award has not only bolstered my confidence but has also heightened my sense of responsibility to uphold the standards of integrity and professionalism it represents. 

    Being appointed as an Amicus Curiae was another honor that allowed me to contribute to the legal system in a different capacity. This role provided an opportunity to offer impartial advice and contribute to the development of legal principles in cases of significant public interest. 

    These accolades carry the weight of responsibility, as many look to me for guidance and leadership. They enhance my visibility within the legal community and beyond, opening doors to new opportunities for collaboration and leadership. 

    They inspire me to continue pursuing excellence and contribute meaningfully to the legal field, all while maintaining the values of integrity, fairness, and service that are central to my practice. Looking ahead, these recognitions also motivate me to set higher goals and seek further achievements. I am committed to continuously improving and expanding my contributions to the legal profession, ensuring that I continue to meet and exceed the expectations set by these honors.

    What advice do you offer to aspiring legal professionals under your mentorship?

    Dear aspiring legal professionals under my mentorship, I would like to offer some comprehensive guidance. It is paramount to always uphold fairness and honesty in your interactions with both yourself and your superiors, as integrity forms the bedrock of a prosperous legal career. When approaching your duties, do so with a clear purpose and have faith in your own abilities, understanding that the pursuit of excellence is defined by your unwavering commitment to doing your absolute best. Regard your professional journey as an ongoing process, akin to a wolf ascending a hill; concentrate on the climb and the continual advancement rather than fixating on attaining a specific high-ranking position. Even as you accomplish significant milestones, remember that the journey persists, presenting an array of new challenges and prospects to pursue. Embrace each phase with modesty and enthusiasm, relishing the experience of development and knowledge acquisition. By maintaining this outlook, you will not only thrive in your career but also discover fulfillment in the voyage itself.

    How do you stay updated with evolving legal precedents and industry trends?

    I am looking forward to staying updated with evolving legal precedents and industry trends through a dynamic and engaging approach. While it will certainly be challenging to keep pace with the constant flow of new information, I am excited about actively seeking out diverse sources of knowledge. I am eager to read legal journals, periodicals, and online resources to stay informed about recent case law and regulatory changes. I am also looking forward to attending conferences, seminars, and continuing legal education (CLE) programs to gain valuable insights and stay connected with current discussions in the legal community. I am excited about engaging with the people around me to learn and grow. I am looking forward to interacting with colleagues, mentors, and clients, gaining insights from their experiences and perspectives. Observing court proceedings will also be a vital source of learning for me, as it will allow me to see firsthand how legal principles are applied in practice. In addition, I am eager to follow influential legal blogs and thought leaders on social media to stay updated on emerging trends and debates. At the firm, I am enthusiastic about encouraging knowledge sharing by organizing internal discussions and workshops on recent developments, fostering a collaborative learning environment. As our elders used to say, “Don’t waste your time but keep your head and mind open to learn.” This mindset will help me gather knowledge and stay adaptable, ensuring that I remain at the forefront of legal practice and can provide the best possible representation for my clients.

    How important do you believe internships are for securing a position at Tritent Legal LLP? Can you share any advice for interns looking to transition into a full-time role within your firm?

    Internships at Tritent Legal LLP serve as a crucial bridge between aspiring legal professionals and our esteemed firm, providing a vital opportunity for both interns and the firm to assess the potential for future collaboration. These immersive experiences offer hands-on training that allows interns to gain insight into our firm’s unique culture and operations, while enabling us to evaluate their skills and commitment. For individuals aspiring to transition into a full-time role, my recommendation is to approach your internship with a blend of eagerness and proactive determination. Display a proactive attitude by enthusiastically embracing new challenges and demonstrating genuine zeal for the work. Pursue additional responsibilities that resonate with your interests and career objectives, surpassing the fundamental requirements. 

    Maintaining a steadfast commitment to professionalism in all interactions and tasks is paramount, as it underscores your dedication to upholding our firm’s exacting standards. Seize every learning opportunity by actively seeking feedback and leveraging it to enhance your performance. 

    This willingness to evolve and adapt demonstrates resilience and a dedication to continual improvement. Equally crucial is comprehending and aligning with our firm’s culture and values. Communicate your career aspirations and illustrate how your skill set and ambitions harmonize with our mission and values. 

    By amalgamating enthusiasm, a growth-oriented mindset, professionalism, and cultural alignment, you will not only showcase your worth but also instill confidence in your ability to make a substantial contribution to our firm. Your proactive endeavors and unwavering commitment will pave the way for securing a permanent position, steering you toward a successful and rewarding legal career.

    Balancing a demanding career with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage work-life balance, and any hobbies or interests that help you unwind

    Juggling a high-pressure career with my personal life can be quite an adventure, but I tackle it with boundless enthusiasm and a dash of humor. I must establish clear boundaries between work and personal time, allowing me to fully immerse myself in activities that rejuvenate and inspire me. I love unwinding with music – both playing and listening – as it provides a much-needed creative escape from the daily hustle. And guess what? I’m currently diving into the world of dance(Just Kidding) ! It’s a whole new journey that brings immense joy and growth to my life. While I am still mastering golf, taking up dancing reaffirms my belief that it’s never too late to embrace new experiences and keep learning. 

    Cricket is my ultimate passion – whether I’m playing in a friendly match or cheering from the sidelines, it’s a thrilling physical outlet and a wonderful way to bond with friends who share the same zest for the sport. And family time? It’s priceless. From shared meals to engaging activities and simply enjoying each other’s company – family time is the foundation of my life, providing unwavering support and boundless joy. By intertwining these diverse interests into my daily routine and making family time a top priority, I create a vibrant and fulfilling life. This perfect blend of relaxation, play, and personal connections not only enhances my well-being but also ignites my drive and effectiveness in both my professional and personal pursuits.

    Get in touch with Bharat Malhotra-

  • “Focus on building a strong foundation by gaining practical experience and learning from every case and client interaction, proactive engagement and continuous learning are key.” – Juhi Chawla, Partner at Dua Associates

    “Focus on building a strong foundation by gaining practical experience and learning from every case and client interaction, proactive engagement and continuous learning are key.” – Juhi Chawla, Partner at Dua Associates

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    You’ve had a remarkable career spanning over a decade in Civil & Commercial Litigation, Arbitration, and Protection of Intellectual Properties. What initially drew you to pursue a career in law, particularly in these specialized areas?

    Reflecting on my journey, it’s incredible to see how far I’ve come since my early days. My interest in law began in an unconventional way. As a science student, I realized that engineering wasn’t my path, supported by my teacher’s advice to explore other options. This pivotal moment led me to law school, where I found myself torn between corporate law and litigation. Ultimately, my passion for the dynamic and strategic nature of litigation drew me in.

    During my time with Justice Rajiv Sahai Endlaw (Retd.), I had the privilege of observing numerous court proceedings. This experience deepened my appreciation for the intricacies of Civil & Commercial Litigation, Arbitration, and Intellectual Property laws. The strategic thinking required in these fields captivated me, particularly the dynamic nature of the work, which allows me to serve a diverse client base. Working on matters deeply entrenched in business operations demands meticulous examination, precise contract interpretation, and strategic planning. This complexity and the need to understand different business operations truly cemented my decision to specialize in these fields.

    My journey in litigation truly began when I found myself managing several matters in a litigation chamber. The immense challenge pushed me to my limits and beyond, but it also provided vast growth opportunities. Winning independent cases built my reputation and boosted my confidence.

    Joining Dua Associates marked a significant milestone in my career. Here, I found a place that resonated with my values and aspirations. Each dispute I handle presents unique challenges with intricate questions of fact and law. I thrive on the intellectual rigor required to navigate these complexities and derive immense satisfaction from crafting innovative legal solutions that align with my clients’ best interests.

    You’ve been involved in a wide range of high-stakes cases, from defending Fortune 500 companies to representing public sector undertakings. Could you share with us one of the most challenging cases you’ve handled and how you navigated through it?

    One of the most challenging cases I handled was defending a Fortune 500 company against an injury claim that arose from a chemical disaster. The brief provided in the case was very unique and extremely challenging, posing very peculiar factual and legal questions for determination—questions that had not been previously considered or dealt with. This one-of-a-kind case involved multiple jurisdictions, requiring an in-depth review and examination of a voluminous record dating back nearly three decades.

    The case also necessitated a thorough study and examination of key principles concerning jurisdictional arguments, particularly from the US standpoint. I played a key role in developing the strategy, coordinating with external counsels, and managing the litigation process. My approach was meticulous, ensuring that every detail was scrutinized and every possible defence explored.

    This experience taught me the importance of strategic planning and thorough preparation. Ultimately, our team secured a favourable outcome for the client, which is now one of the leading cases of the Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court. This outcome was a testament to our rigorous and coordinated efforts, and it reinforced my belief in the power of teamwork and meticulous legal strategy.

    Your profile highlights your involvement as Amicus Curiae with the NCDRC and your recommendation by Legal 500 Asia Pacific Guide. How have these experiences influenced your approach to legal practice and your career trajectory?

    Being appointed as Amicus Curiae by the NCDRC was a significant milestone in my career. Having the privilege of working on several consumer disputes, this appointment was a testament to my consistency before the forum. It allowed me to provide impartial advice and support on complex service-deficiency appeals, enhancing my understanding of consumer protection laws and judicial processes. This role honed my analytical skills and reinforced the importance of ethical practice. I hope to make a significant impact on consumer jurisprudence through my continued efforts in this area.

    Similarly, being recommended by the Legal 500 Asia Pacific Guide for ‘Dispute Resolution-Litigation’ was a recognition of my expertise and dedication. I am grateful for the springboard provided to me by SKV Associates and the platform Dua Associates, which have both played crucial roles in honing my skills. Recognition such as this helps enforce the belief in one’s abilities. But I firmly believe that wins, whether big or small, do not necessarily equate to favourable outcomes. Often, an acknowledgment from the presiding judge, adversary counsel, or positive client feedback can be equally gratifying.

    Dispute resolution often provides instant gratification, whether it comes from a favourable ruling or a simple nod of respect from peers and clients. These moments keep me motivated and committed to my work, driving me to pursue excellence and integrity in every case I handle.

    With such extensive exposure across different courts and tribunals in India, including the Supreme Court, what have been some of the key lessons you’ve learned about effective litigation management and strategy?

    One of the key lessons I’ve learned is the importance of preparation and adaptability. Effective litigation management requires a deep understanding of the case, meticulous preparation of evidence and arguments, and the ability to adjust strategies as proceedings develop. Collaboration with clients and colleagues is crucial to ensure all perspectives are considered and the team works cohesively.

    Being thorough with the facts is essential. Detailed notes and a list of important dates, especially in extensive briefs with multiple orders, assist in memory recall and guide the presentation of correct facts before the court. Clear and concise communication, written and oral is vital for presenting compelling arguments and ensuring the court understands the case’s nuances.

    Sound and comprehensive pleadings must be backed by thorough legal research. While legal arguments can evolve, their foundation should be in the pleadings. Pursuing litigation with vigilance and attention to detail is crucial, as some cases are won on finer points. It’s important to focus on research, know the case against you well, and be prepared to distinguish facts if necessary. Always run an authority check before citing cases.

    Strategically, it’s crucial not to lose sight of the long-term objective while pursuing interim reliefs. Always know the end goal from the client’s perspective while developing your strategy. Adapt strategies as proceedings develop, and don’t reveal all your arguments at once. Hold back some arguments for the right stage in the proceedings. Learn from setbacks and remain practical.

    These lessons have been instrumental in achieving favourable outcomes for my clients and have reinforced my commitment to excellence in litigation management and strategy

    You’ve also delved into trade remedy laws and anti-dumping investigations, securing significant outcomes for your clients. Can you explain the intricacies of these areas of law and how they impact your clients’ business operations?

    Trade remedy laws and anti-dumping investigations are critical for protecting domestic industries from unfair trade practices. These areas involve complex legal and economic analysis to determine whether imports are being dumped and causing injury to the domestic industry. This specialized field requires a deep understanding of legal frameworks and industry dynamics.

    Anti-dumping duties are imposed when foreign companies sell goods at prices lower than their home market or production cost. These duties typically last five years but can be extended or revised if a review investigation finds the conditions for duty imposition continue to exist.

    In any anti-dumping investigation, a proactive approach is essential for exporting companies to defend their interests, mitigate risks, and maintain their competitive position in the global marketplace. The concepts of dumping and injury are central to assessing the impact of imports on the domestic industry and determining the need for anti-dumping measures to restore fair competition and protect domestic producers.

    Dumping occurs when a foreign company sells its goods in an export market at a price below the price it charges in its home market or below the cost of production. “Injury” refers to the harm or adverse effects suffered by the domestic industry as a result of dumped imports. When determining whether to impose anti-dumping duties, the authority assesses whether the domestic industry has been materially injured or is threatened with material injury due to the dumped imports.

    To evaluate injury, the authority examines various economic parameters of the domestic industry, including production, sales, market share, and profitability. The third relevant criterion for recommending duty is the causal link between the dumped imports and the injury.

    My role involves representing clients in investigations, preparing detailed submissions, and regularly appearing before the authority. Favorable outcomes, such as duty waivers or reduced duties, significantly impact my clients’ business operations by protecting their market share and viability.

    Trade remedy investigations and appeals are not just about legal principles but also involve detailed facts, data analysis, and presentation. An in-depth understanding of production processes, industry-specific dynamics, and the ability to gather material information by closely working with clients on data assimilation and analysis is crucial.

    Being part of the actual investigation process provides an edge in cases where appeals are filed before competent Tribunals and higher courts. Navigating these intricacies demands meticulous legal and economic analysis, a thorough understanding of the client’s industry, and strategic thinking. By mastering these complexities, I have helped my clients achieve favorable outcomes and protect their business interests in a highly competitive global market.

    Transitioning from an Associate to a Partner at Dua Associates is a significant achievement. What advice would you give to young lawyers aspiring to advance their careers in law firms, especially in competitive fields like litigation and arbitration?

    For young lawyers, proactive engagement and continuous learning are key. To build expertise in your chosen field, dedicate yourself to tackling challenging cases and stay updated with the latest developments through regular reading. Take advantage of technology for efficient research even during court waiting time.

    Specialization is increasingly important today. Identify your area of interest early and seek mentorship from experienced colleagues. Stay current with legal trends and enhance your skills through practical experience. Consistency, a strong learning attitude, and initiative are vital.

    Networking and fostering professional relationships are equally critical. Showcase your value with consistent, high-quality work and reliability. Balancing professional growth with personal well-being ensures sustained success and fulfilment in your legal career.

    You’ve published articles on Intellectual Property Rights, Arbitration, and Trade Remedies Laws. How important has thought leadership and staying updated with legal developments been in shaping your professional journey?

    Thought leadership has been crucial to shaping my professional journey. Publishing articles on Intellectual Property Rights, Arbitration, and Trade Remedies Laws has kept me abreast of legal developments and enabled me to engage deeply with emerging trends in my fields of expertise. This commitment to staying informed allows me to provide cutting-edge advice and innovative solutions to complex legal challenges for my clients.

    Moreover, my thought leadership has cultivated a strong passion and enthusiasm for the intersection of technology and law. Areas such as data privacy, navigating challenges within current criminal laws in the context of artificial intelligence, responsible adoption and policy frameworks for AI, and the interplay between intellectual property and AI, including gaming laws, have become focal points of interest for me. This exploration fuels my continuous learning and enhances my ability to contribute meaningfully to the evolving legal landscape

    Finally, for fresh law graduates entering the legal profession today, what advice would you offer based on your own experiences and the evolving landscape of legal practice?

    To fresh law graduates, I would say that the legal profession offers immense opportunities for those who are passionate and dedicated. Focus on building a strong foundation by gaining practical experience and learning from every case and client interaction. Embrace the evolving landscape of legal practice, particularly the integration of technology and data analytics, which are becoming increasingly important. Develop strong research, analytical, and communication skills, and be open to continuous learning. Networking and building professional relationships will also play a crucial role in your career. Most importantly, uphold the highest standards of ethics and integrity, as these principles will guide you throughout your career. I’ve learned that success often arises from unexpected situations and that embracing change is a vital part of growth. To all the young lawyers and aspiring legal professionals out there, remember that your path may not always be clear, but every step forward, no matter how uncertain, is a step in the right direction. Embrace the challenges, seize the opportunities, and keep moving forward with unwavering determination. Your journey may surprise you in the most wonderful ways.

    Get in touch with Juhi Chawla-

  • “The legal profession requires tireless dedication in the first five years, but it rewards you with identity and success that cannot be easily taken away,” – Nattasha Garg,  Independent Practitioner & Special Counsel for Enforcement Directorate

    “The legal profession requires tireless dedication in the first five years, but it rewards you with identity and success that cannot be easily taken away,” – Nattasha Garg,  Independent Practitioner & Special Counsel for Enforcement Directorate

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    How did your journey into law begin? Please walk us through your journey from college to where you are. What were the challenges you faced along the way?  And what inspired you to specialize in disputes and commercial litigation? 

    I hail from a small town, Siliguri in West Bengal and from a business family. While exploring career options after 12th Board exams, I wanted to pursue a career in journalism, given my love for reading and writing. My father however wanted me to study law. He believed in my capability to become a lawyer and nudged me to join ILS Law College, Pune. As luck would have it, I got through the merit list at ILS Pune. 

    In my initial months in Pune, I was quite intimidated while interacting with students from big cities of India and abroad. In fact, almost 60% of my colleagues were from a background of lawyer/ judge families and civil servants. Albeit, right after the first semester results, I started finding my feet, confidence and good friends. 

    Throughout college, I aspired to join the fancy corporate law firms and practice corporate laws. In fact, I participated in most mooting events as a researcher and a compiler to hone my corporate drafting skills. I even joined Khaitan & Partners, Delhi in their Banking and Project Finance Team. I had not thought about becoming a litigator.

    Initial years of practice is all about being open to learning and working on different aspects and subjects of law. I was also open to learning. In fact, when joined as an associate in LakshmiKumaran & Sridharan, I was a common associate for three teams- Corporate and Regulatory Advisory as well as the Litigation Team. I took up every kind of assignment that three partners in the firm were working on. I dawdled between subjects like FEMA, Legal Metrology, Companies Act, SEBI and at the same time assisted the litigation team. Interestingly, my first two litigation assignments were what sparked my interest and love towards litigation. The first matter was an outstation matter before Gujarat Electricity Commission in Ahmedabad where we secured a landmark favourable order and the second one was a heavily contested banking finance litigation before the Delhi High Court. It was while working on the litigation side that I realised that this was where I belonged. 

    As an expert in commercial law, white-collar crimes, and insolvency laws, what trends do you foresee shaping the legal landscape in the coming years?

    In 2016, there was a major overhaul with the introduction of insolvency code, RERA and the commercial courts act and changes in the arbitration act. It was around this time that the ED- money laundering also started becoming active. It is very interesting how these amendments and legislations have completely changed the face and speed of deciding commercial disputes. These changes being relatively new, they have been developing and updating at an astronomical pace. 

    I believe earlier, there were mainly three choices of practice- Criminal, Civil and Corporate Law. Over time, commercial law practice has become a homogenous mix of all of the above, since these legislations include criminal prosecution of directors. Commercial laws, especially insolvency laws have blurred the gap between civil/ criminal since they also entail criminal prosecution and even trial for procedural defaults. For instance, corporates and their management are facing civil and criminal prosecution, money laundering and SFIO proceedings in respect of loan default cases, construction default cases and so on. The same companies are also undergoing insolvency.  The gap therefore has been bridged. 

    Courts are also more accessible to business houses as well as individuals since IBC allows individuals to approach the NCLT for every grievance over their claims, without any pecuniary threshold. Homebuyers for instance are more aware of their rights under law, they have become very powerful in exercising their remedies across forums and manipulating insolvency of big corporates. The High Courts and the Supreme Court have also aggressively promoted these changes, as a result, the Tribunals have become powerful. A lot of jurisprudence is being developed at the Tribunal level. 

    Your educational journey includes both LLB and Company Secretary qualifications. What inspired you to pursue Company Secretaryship alongside your legal career, and how do you believe it has enriched your practice as a lawyer?

    While in college, I aspired to become a corporate lawyer and engage with a fancy law firm. I therefore utilised my time after college to pursue Company Secretaries and certain diplomas in business and cyber laws. Any additional degree, especially something as in-depth as Company Secretaries, always adds up to the otherwise textbook knowledge that is gained in college education. In my case, the fundamentals regarding companies compliances, checklist compliances, basics like examining forms under legal provisions to understand the scope of the provision, really helped me gain better understanding of commercial laws. Eventually, it all added up since it helped me do a lot of FEMA, SEBI and Companies advisory work in the early years of my practice. Even now, while examining the role of companies in money laundering matters, I find it helpful to examine the statutory filings from the MCA and check the relevant forms with the registrar of companies. 

    Beyond your professional achievements, what are some personal interests or hobbies that you’re passionate about? What advice would you give to the current generation looking to pursue a career in law, especially in your specialized areas?

    I love reading books on history, fiction, fantasy and recently added genres- mythological fiction. Lately, I have developed a keen interest in reading the Bhagwad Gita by Devdutt Pattnaik.  I also take time to travel. 

    I believe that the habit of casual reading really helps in loving the profession as well. I always advise my younger colleagues to read newspapers. This one habit- not only helps a lawyer keep updated, but subconsciously keeps the curiosity and hunger that is needed in the profession, going. 

    As opposed to my earlier days, the new generation has it easier on account of law files and entire offices having become digitised, one does not have to carry huge files and journals around, they can read from the comfort of homes, be better prepared because of access to material online. Zoom meetings have made conferences more efficient and less time consuming. With things becoming easier and accessible, the current generation that I have come across, is taking more for granted. 

    I believe that our legal profession requires tireless first five years and intense hard work, long nights and discipline. I would advise freshers to join the profession with this in mind and thereafter, the legal profession rewards with identity and success that cannot be easily taken away. 

    Can you share a memorable moment from your career that reinforced your passion for advocating justice? 

    Recently, the Delhi High Court passed a landmark order, allowing my clients, a group of 250 retired members of the BSF Army, to get possession of their units in a Tower, on as-is-where-is basis from a Company undergoing winding up, instead of them waiting for the liquidator to take steps and then go through the entire payment mechanism under the Companies Act. In doing justice to these set of allottees, the Court exercised its extraordinary jurisdiction in a winding up matter, giving homes to 250 retired persons who had spent most of their life savings for their retirement houses. It has been one of the most fulfilling matters I have done, where not only professionally but personally I have been able to secure justice to ones who deserve.

    I started finding my profession immensely fulfilling when people around me- my domestic staff, their neighbours and my neighbours started reaching out to me for legal aid out of hearsay. I became aware of the power and social responsibility attached and it was deeply satisfying to be able to help them. I strongly believe in the wise words of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg- “If you want to be a true professional, do something outside yourself.”

    Your work often involves representing various entities before different courts and tribunals. What key differences do you find while representing different courts and tribunals, and could you share some nuances or insights you’ve gained from navigating these diverse legal arenas?

    Besides the Supreme Court and the High Court, Delhi also is the headquarters for various Tribunals and quasi-judicial bodies. Each of these Tribunals have their own systems in place, filing procedures, and hearings which are peculiar to such Courts.  

    As I have said earlier, a great deal of jurisprudence is being developed in Tribunals because the High Courts and Supreme Courts are rigorously promoting the development of law at this stage and have reduced their interference with orders passed by them. The Tribunals also are focussed on a special kind of law. The preparation for matters before Tribunals is vastly different and much more detailed from the higher courts owing to the uniqueness of process and procedure before each Tribunal.

    Watching the court proceedings, studying the precedents and views taken by the said Tribunal on a subject before approaching them and enquiring from counsels regularly appearing there does go a long way in addressing them better. Over time, it is good to specialise in a few Courts to sharpen the skills and presence in certain courts and Tribunals.  

    Transitioning to independent practice can be a significant milestone in a lawyer’s career. Could you share your experience of practicing independently and shed some light on the challenges one might encounter in this path, along with any key insights you’ve gained along the way?

    As a young lawyer not having any base or family in Delhi, I had never imagined I would get the chance of starting my independent practice and it looked too far-fetched and incredible. The day I took this decision, it was a mixture of uncertainty, turmoil, self- doubt yet some inner voice giving me strength. 

    The first year is often easier, because one has no great expectations with oneself, the struggle begins once you have surpassed your own low expectations- to maintain and to grow.

    Practising independently is a whole new challenge than working in Chambers and law firms. It is a totally uncharted territory whether it is basic day-to-day administration in running the office, or dealing with clients coupled with the uncertainty of a regular monthly income. The same work that one has been doing while working under someone, when done as an independent practitioner, seems like a lot more challenging as the accountability is much more. I have spent days initially, just wondering what fees to quote for a matter. 

    As an independent lawyer, the biggest handicap I face is engaging good juniors to join and retaining them. This is because graduates are always aspiring to join big firms with higher remuneration or some other reason. There is high attrition for that reason. I also believe that clients are much more demanding with independent lawyers in terms of deadlines and bargain hard on payments. 

    Having said this, two things I also credit to the legal fraternity- one that it always gives opportunities to ones who are willing to take on the task and second- I did not face any gender discrimination at least in getting opportunities. By and large, most of the people I have worked with have been extremely encouraging and never fail to put in a good word.

    Among the multitude of cases you’ve handled, could you share with us which one stands out as your personal favourite? One that presented significant challenges yet provided a rewarding experience in your career journey?

    The most memorable dispute which I hold close to my heart was a family dispute arbitration between Ajanta family. I was relatively young and had no experience of arbitration laws and procedure, much less briefing very strict and seasoned senior advocates like Mr. Dushyant Dave, Mr. Gopal Subramaniam and the likes. This matter was a heavily contested litigation, which led me to frequently travel, helped me learn drafting, filing, carrying out a cross examination, handling contempt matters and conducting overall arbitration. The seniors were very patient and kind to me and even the Ld. Arbitrator, Late Justice RC Lahoti appreciated my work and efforts in the Award. 

    Given your extensive experience, what qualities do you look for when hiring interns to join your practice, and how do you nurture their growth and development during their time with you?

    I look for two main things in new joinees- one is their curiosity and passion to learn and explore the legal subject. The second is the effort they are willing to take to quench their curiosity. 

    I have learnt that the legal profession is not just for nerds, it is also for the street-smart. Although I belonged to the former category, I greatly admire smart workers as long as they can get the job done. 

    I always advise my younger colleagues to work with passion, but also have a hobby outside of the office. I also encourage them to have a social network of lawyers, it allows exchange of legal anecdotes, assistance and exchange of information which overall helps in development as a good well informed lawyer. 

    Get in touch with Nattasha Garg-

  • “Drafting legal documents and notices requires meticulous attention to detail and a keen understanding of the relevant legal principles”- Astha Nigam, Managing Associate at Luthra and Luthra Law Offices

    “Drafting legal documents and notices requires meticulous attention to detail and a keen understanding of the relevant legal principles”- Astha Nigam, Managing Associate at Luthra and Luthra Law Offices

    This Interview has been published by Pragya Chandni and The SuperLawyer Team

    Could you share a bit about your journey into the legal profession and what inspired you to specialize in Arbitration, White Collar Crimes, Company, and Insolvency Laws?

    My journey into the legal profession was deeply influenced by my upbringing in a family that valued justice and integrity as I have seen my grandfather perform his duties as a High Court Judge. As a first-generation lawyer, I was inspired by the power of law to effect positive change in society. My interest in arbitration, white-collar crimes, company law, and insolvency laws stemmed from a desire to navigate complex legal landscapes and provide strategic solutions to clients. These areas not only challenge me intellectually but also allow me to contribute meaningfully to corporate governance, dispute resolution, and ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks.

    With over 9 years of experience, you’ve handled a diverse range of cases from representing individuals against gambling regulations to corporate disputes worth billions. How do you navigate such varied legal landscapes?

    Indeed, my experience has been diverse, spanning from advocating for individuals facing regulatory challenges in areas like gambling to handling high-stakes corporate disputes worth billions. To navigate such varied legal landscapes, I rely on a combination of thorough research, collaboration with experts in specialized fields, and a deep understanding of legal principles. Each case presents unique complexities, but by staying adaptable, keeping abreast of legal developments, and leveraging my interdisciplinary skills, I’m able to provide effective representation tailored to the specific needs of my clients, regardless of the legal terrain

    You’ve had significant experience in representing companies before various courts and tribunals. What are some key strategies you employ when handling high-stakes cases, particularly those involving complex contractual disputes or insolvency matters?

    When handling high-stakes cases, especially in corporate matters, several key strategies come into play. Firstly, thorough preparation is paramount. This includes comprehensive case analysis, anticipating potential challenges, and developing robust legal arguments. Secondly, effective communication with clients is essential to ensure alignment on goals and expectations. Thirdly, strategic negotiation and alternative dispute resolution methods are often explored to mitigate risks and achieve favorable outcomes outside of court. Additionally, building strong relationships with opposing counsel and maintaining professionalism in all interactions can help in navigating complex legal proceedings. Ultimately, my approach revolves around a combination of meticulous preparation, strategic thinking, and proactive communication to safeguard the interests of my clients in high-stakes scenarios.

    Given your extensive experience in drafting legal documents and notices, could you walk us through your process for ensuring accuracy and effectiveness in such critical tasks?

    Drafting legal documents and notices requires meticulous attention to detail and a keen understanding of the relevant legal principles. My process begins with a thorough review of the relevant laws, regulations, and case precedents to ensure accuracy and compliance. I then work closely with my clients to understand their specific needs and objectives, tailoring the language and content of the documents accordingly. Throughout the drafting process, I employ rigorous quality control measures, including multiple rounds of review and peer feedback, to catch any errors or inconsistencies. Additionally, I prioritize clarity and precision in language to ensure that the documents effectively convey the intended message and stand up to scrutiny in legal proceedings. By combining legal expertise with a methodical approach to drafting, I strive to deliver documents that are not only legally sound but also strategically crafted to achieve the desired outcomes for my clients.

    In your experience, what are some common challenges or misconceptions clients face when dealing with arbitration proceedings, especially in complex commercial disputes?

    In my experience, clients often face several challenges and misconceptions when dealing with arbitration proceedings, particularly in complex commercial disputes. One common challenge is understanding the intricacies of the arbitration process itself, including the selection of arbitrators, procedural rules, and the enforceability of awards. Additionally, clients may underestimate the time and cost involved in arbitration compared to traditional litigation. Misconceptions about the finality of arbitration awards and the ability to appeal decisions also arise frequently. Furthermore, navigating multi-jurisdictional issues and enforcing awards across borders can pose significant challenges in international arbitration cases. To address these challenges, I prioritize proactive communication and education, ensuring that my clients have a thorough understanding of the arbitration process and its implications. By providing strategic guidance and advocating for their interests effectively, I help clients navigate arbitration proceedings with confidence and achieve favorable outcomes in even the most complex disputes.

    Your expertise extends to navigating the intricacies of criminal law, including cases involving white-collar crimes. How do you approach defending clients in such cases, balancing legal strategies with maintaining their reputation and integrity?

    When defending clients in cases involving white-collar crimes, I approach each situation with a dual focus on legal strategy and reputation management. Firstly, I conduct a comprehensive analysis of the legal aspects of the case, examining evidence, statutes, and precedents to formulate a robust defense strategy. This may involve challenging the prosecution’s evidence, negotiating plea deals, or presenting compelling arguments in court.

    Simultaneously, I prioritize protecting my client’s reputation and integrity. This involves proactive communication with stakeholders, including the media, investors, and the public, to ensure transparency and maintain trust. I work closely with my clients to craft messaging that emphasizes their commitment to ethical business practices and compliance with the law.

    Throughout the legal proceedings, I remain vigilant in safeguarding my client’s rights while also advocating for fair treatment and due process. By balancing legal strategies with reputation management, I aim to achieve the best possible outcome for my clients while minimizing the impact on their personal and professional integrity.

    You’ve been involved in high-profile cases ranging from extradition proceedings to representing leading manufacturers and exporters against allegations of corruption and money laundering. How do you handle the pressure and public scrutiny that often accompanies such cases?

    Handling high-profile cases, whether they involve extradition proceedings or allegations of corruption and money laundering against leading manufacturers and exporters, certainly comes with its share of pressure and public scrutiny. To effectively manage these challenges, I rely on a combination of resilience, professionalism, and strategic communication.

    First and foremost, I prioritize maintaining a steadfast commitment to upholding the principles of justice and due process. This serves as the foundation for my approach to every case, regardless of its profile or complexity.

    Additionally, I recognize the importance of proactive communication and transparency in managing public perception. By keeping clients informed and involved in strategic decisions, and by being accessible to address concerns from the media and other stakeholders, I aim to foster trust and confidence in the legal process.

    Moreover, I surround myself with a supportive team of legal professionals who share my dedication to excellence and integrity. Collaborating with experts in various fields enables us to leverage diverse perspectives and resources to mount a robust defense or pursue legal remedies effectively.

    Ultimately, I draw strength from my belief in the power of the law to bring about fair and just outcomes, even in the face of intense pressure and scrutiny. By remaining focused on the merits of each case and maintaining a commitment to ethical conduct, I strive to navigate high-profile cases with integrity and professionalism.

    Finally, as someone with considerable experience in the legal field, what advice would you offer to fresh law graduates looking to establish themselves in the industry, particularly those interested in pursuing a career path similar to yours?

    For fresh law graduates aspiring to establish themselves in the legal industry, especially those interested in a career path similar to mine, I offer the following advice:

    1. *Continuous Learning:* The legal landscape is constantly evolving, so never stop learning. Stay updated on changes in laws, regulations, and industry trends to remain relevant and effective in your practice.

    2. *Build a Strong Foundation:* Invest time in honing your foundational legal skills, such as research, writing, and critical thinking. These skills form the bedrock of a successful legal career and will serve you well across various practice areas.

    3. *Find Your Niche:* Explore different areas of law to identify your interests and strengths. Specializing in niche practice areas, like arbitration or white-collar crimes, can set you apart and open up unique career opportunities.

    4. *Network Strategically:* Cultivate professional relationships with mentors, peers, and industry professionals. Networking can provide valuable insights, opportunities for collaboration, and referrals for potential clients.

    5. *Embrace Challenges:* Don’t shy away from challenging cases or opportunities. Embrace them as learning experiences that will help you grow and develop as a legal professional.

    6. *Maintain Integrity:* Uphold the highest ethical standards in your practice. Integrity and professionalism are essential for building trust with clients, colleagues, and the broader legal community.

    7. *Stay Resilient:* The legal profession can be demanding and unpredictable. Develop resilience to navigate setbacks and challenges, and remember to prioritize self-care to maintain your well-being.

    By following these principles and staying committed to your professional development, you can lay a solid foundation for a successful and fulfilling career in the legal field.

    Get in touch with Astha Nigam-

  • “Success in law is not just about individual achievements but also about working together and lifting each other.” – Aviral Kapoor, Co-founder & Partner at Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices

    “Success in law is not just about individual achievements but also about working together and lifting each other.” – Aviral Kapoor, Co-founder & Partner at Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Starting your career as a first-generation lawyer, can you share a bit about your journey and what inspired you to pursue law as a profession?

    My fascination with the legal profession stemmed not from its prestige or the challenges it posed, but from the unique chance it gave me to explore the complexities of various businesses and industries. Each case was a new puzzle, and every law was a gateway to understanding a different aspect of the world through a legal perspective. Embarking on this path as a first-generation lawyer was both thrilling and intimidating. With no precedents in my family to guide me, I relied on my determination and adaptability to overcome academic and professional obstacles. The journey was tough, yet rewarding, as every legal concept I understood and every case study I examined deepened my knowledge and love for the law.

    Along the way, I was fortunate to encounter some of the most supportive and insightful lawyers in the field. Their willingness to share knowledge, encourage my pursuits, and guide me through the legal landscape was invaluable. Their mentorship not only inspired me but also highlighted the importance of community within our profession. It taught me that success in law is not just about individual achievements but also about working together and lifting each other. This sense of belonging and mutual support has been a fundamental part of my journey.

    As a co-founder of Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices, what unique approach do you bring to providing legal solutions for companies, and how do you deal with legal hurdles strategically?

    At Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices, our distinctive approach is deeply rooted in a partner-focused model, where each client’s case is meticulously overseen by a partner. This method goes beyond merely addressing the issue at hand; we immerse ourselves in understanding the entirety of our client’s business. This comprehensive insight allows us to devise strategies that are not only tailored to solve immediate legal challenges but are also aligned with the broader business objectives of our clients. By integrating this deep business understanding with our legal expertise, we ensure that our solutions are both effective in the present and beneficial for the client’s future, enabling them to navigate their industry’s complexities with greater confidence and legal foresight.

    You’ve worked with top law firms in India before co-founding your practice. How has this experience enriched your legal perspective, and what lessons did you carry into your own law office?

    Working with top law firms in India prior to co-founding Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices has been an invaluable part of my professional journey, significantly enriching my legal perspective. One of the key lessons I’ve brought into our practice is the importance of transparent and comprehensive communication with our clients. We’ve adopted a unique approach of updating our clients through recording emails, which detail the entire proceedings before a court. This method has been particularly appreciated by our clients, as it ensures they are well-informed and engaged with the progress of their cases.

    Additionally, my tenure at these esteemed firms instilled in me the ability to perform under high-pressure situations. This skill has been instrumental in shaping the ethos of our own law office, where we emphasize resilience, adaptability, and the capacity to deliver exceptional legal services, even under the most demanding circumstances. These experiences have not only enriched my legal perspective but have also been pivotal in defining the values and operational excellence of Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices.

    Being empanelled with prestigious organizations like South Delhi Municipal Corporation and NBCC, how do these affiliations contribute to the breadth and depth of your legal practice?

    Being empanelled with prestigious organizations like the South Delhi Municipal Corporation and NBCC has significantly enhanced the scope and depth of our legal practice. These empanelments have not only broadened our exposure to a variety of legal matters but have also been instrumental in building a strong reputation in various courts. Regular appearances in court, as a result of these affiliations, have allowed me to develop a familiarity with different benches. This familiarity is crucial as it fosters a level of trust and understanding; judges tend to recognize and appreciate lawyers who are consistently present and demonstrate a commitment to their profession. It’s important to note that this recognition is not about bias but rather about the confidence that comes from seeing a lawyer’s consistent performance and understanding of legal nuances over time. These opportunities have thus been pivotal in enhancing our credibility and expertise, allowing us to serve our clients more effectively and contribute meaningfully to the legal community.

    Your legal practice encompasses diverse areas, including technology law, insolvency, and debt recovery. How do you navigate the unique challenges and nuances of each domain, and what skills do you find most crucial in maintaining proficiency across such varied legal landscapes?

    Navigating the diverse realms of technology law, insolvency, and debt recovery requires a dynamic and informed approach, emphasizing the importance of staying current with the latest laws and judgments. In my practice, a strong focus on research and continuous learning is paramount, as these enable me to understand the intricacies of each domain thoroughly. Beyond diligent research, attending seminars, workshops, and conferences plays a crucial role in my professional development, offering fresh insights and perspectives on evolving legal issues. Networking with fellow lawyers and industry professionals further enriches my understanding and approach, allowing me to exchange ideas and strategies that enhance my proficiency. This combination of ongoing education, active engagement in the legal community, and a commitment to thorough research equip me to navigate the unique challenges of these varied legal landscapes effectively, ensuring I can provide high-quality legal services to my clients.

    Internships play a crucial role in a young lawyer’s development. How does Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices engage with interns, and what opportunities do you provide for them to gain practical experience and exposure within the firm?

    At Alagh & Kapoor Law Offices, we deeply value the role of internships in shaping the future of young lawyers. Being a boutique law firm, we offer a unique advantage for interns to engage directly with partners, fostering an environment where they feel comfortable seeking clarifications and engaging in meaningful discussions. Our approachability ensures that interns are not just observers but active participants in the legal process. We maintain a vibrant office culture, including social events that interns are encouraged to join, further integrating them into our team. Interns are considered an integral part of our office, held accountable for their contributions and encouraged to grow professionally. To facilitate this growth, we require interns to present on a topic they’ve worked on during their internship, allowing them to refine their research, analysis, and presentation skills. This hands-on experience, combined with our supportive and inclusive environment, equips interns with practical skills and exposure, preparing them for successful careers in law.

    Beyond your thriving legal career, what activities or hobbies do you enjoy in your free time? How do you unwind and find balance outside the courtroom?

    Beyond the courtroom and legal documents, I find solace and balance in the world of cinema, music, and open roads. As an avid movie enthusiast, I rarely miss any film, often spending my weekends catching a late-night show. This passion for movies offers a delightful way to recharge. Along with my love for movies, music is also a big part of my life. I often play the guitar to relax and find peace in the middle of my busy work as a lawyer. Additionally, I have a profound love for driving, though I steer clear of Delhi’s traffic. During court vacations, I’ve embarked on drives to Leh and Ladakh, Manali, and other serene hill stations. These hobbies not only help me unwind but also keep me connected to the creative and adventurous aspects of life, providing a harmonious balance to the rigor of law.

    Given your diverse practice areas, including criminal law, insolvency, and consumer law, what advice would you give to law students and young lawyers looking to build a versatile legal career like yours?

    For law students and young lawyers aspiring to build a versatile legal career, I’d suggest embracing the unique journey that lies ahead with patience and perseverance. Understand that law school is not just about academics; it’s a golden opportunity to forge connections that can last a lifetime. Internships offer a practical glimpse into the legal profession, so seize them to gain as much real-world experience as possible. Give yourself time to explore and immerse in various fields of law during the initial 5-7 years of your career before deciding to specialize, if at all. Remember, patience is key—there are no shortcuts, and there’s no substitute for hard work. It’s about finding what resonates with you and leveraging that to carve out your niche, ensuring a fulfilling and successful career in law.

    Get in touch with Aviral Kapoor-

  • “One must dive into the ocean of cases to understand the real intricacies and interpretation involved in Law.” – Pawan Reley, Advocate-on-Record, Supreme Court of India.

    “One must dive into the ocean of cases to understand the real intricacies and interpretation involved in Law.” – Pawan Reley, Advocate-on-Record, Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Reflecting on your journey from law school to becoming an Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court, what were the pivotal moments that shaped your career?

    “Qabza dila diya mujhe mere makaan ka

    Mere jo hain vakil adeem-un-nazeer hain

    Poochho jo unki fees, tou ab us makaan mein

    Khud hazrat e vakil rihaaish-pazeer hain.”

    -Anwar Masood

    (English Meaning-

    “My lawyer helped me get possession of my house.

    He is blessed with unmatchable foresight. The fees, however, were so high that it cost me to cover the house itself.”

    The aforesaid lines I came across in my law school days stirred a profound transformation within me, redirecting my aspirations from a corporate job towards the realm of practicing law and aiding those in need as much as possible. I harbored a persistent dream of exerting every effort to alter the public perception of advocates for the better.

    Though my odyssey of the profession of law commencing from law school has not been an easy one but an arduous endeavor. As I was a Hindi Medium Student, even in Law school I encountered myriad problems. I got back in two subjects (English and Economics) in my inaugural semester. My peers hesitated to form a moot team or collaborate on articles with me, exhibiting their professional reservations despite amicable personal relations. In that time some latent sense of inferiority had pervaded my psyche. I don’t blame anyone for this. As humans, everyone wants to be with the best, which I was certainly not in the sight of my colleagues. I decided to fight this and transcend these challenges. I made all possible attempts to hone my linguistic prowess after reading various literature and Judgements. I started writing various articles on different topics. I decided to become the only Speaker in Moot Court competitions to conquer the fear of facing the judges. Colleagues now started trusting me for all kinds of work. Ultimately, I topped my last semester and earned the accolade of Student of Excellence. While I secured a few placements, I opted to practice law in Delhi. I joined the office of my senior with a stipend of Rs. 10,000/- in the Supreme Court of India.  However, this was not enough to survive. I also realized that learning the trial court work for any first-generation lawyer is highly essential. Thus, I used to work in Trial Court from 9 am to 6:30 PM and earn Rs. 10,000/-, take personality development classes from 7:30 PM to 9 PM (Monday to Saturday) and earn Rs. 5,000/-, and then work for the Supreme Court drafting from 10 PM to 2 AM and earn Rs. 10,000/-. These circumstances fortuitously instilled in me resilience to confront challenges with unwavering resolve. I also initiated pro bono law classes for the underprivileged students for the preparation of Judicial Services Preparation from 2016. When people around reposed trust in me, they gave a few really challenging cases to fight. I tried my best and the same resulted in fortifying the trust of people in me.  I decided to write an AOR exam in 2023. My foundational academic expertise, cultivated through instructing judicial services aspirants, facilitated success in the AOR examination. In the legal profession, while supreme intelligence may be optional, mastery of patience remains an indispensable requisite.

    As someone who handles diverse cases, including civil and criminal, could you share an experience that was particularly challenging and how you navigated through it?

    Allow me to recount a pivotal case, which was like a litmus test for my tenacity and devotion to the legal profession. It was my first big case, which I got by god’s grace merely after seven months of my practice. I had a very small office in Pocket -2, Mayur Vihar Phase-I, Delhi. It was the evening of 12th of February 2016, which unfolded a narrative that would indelibly mark my legal journey. A group of around 8 to 10 people entered my office and told me that the Government of Delhi was cutting thousands of trees in the green belt area of Sector 15-16 Trilokpuri in order to build flats for the people whose land had been seized by the Delhi government for the Nizamuddin Metro project. Their plea was urgent, as the matter was slated for final arguments in the High Court on February 14. They implored me to initiate proceedings before the National Green Tribunal (NGT) on February 13 and concurrently file an Impleadment application in the High Court on February 14.

    Those people divulged to me that since they were unable to get other advocates to file the matters in such a short duration for a reasonable amount of fee, which led them to seek my assistance. They further asked me if I would be able to file the case in such a short duration before NGT and in the High Court. Undaunted, I seized this opportunity without a moment’s hesitation and said “Yes”. Despite lacking experience in filing Original Applications before the NGT and possessing no format for such applications, I committed myself to the challenge. They endowed me with three hundred pages of representation and other notices in Hindi. I enquired about the format of Original Application with other friends. My inquiries among legal peers yielded no guidance, as they were unacquainted with NGT proceedings.

    I knew that it was a daunting task to go through the entire file and draft the application in a 12-hour window. I read the file till 5 AM the next day. I thought it was impossible for me to complete the same. I thought of giving up. I was quite broken. Faced with exhaustion and contemplation of capitulation, I discerned a divine test of my dedication to the legal profession. Resilience prevailed, I again started working and completed the draft by 10 AM without any sleep. I filed the matter before NGT after serving the copy of the case to five different counsels on the other side. I mentioned the matter and after fearless arguments secured the stay from NGT on the same day. Next day again I could not sleep because I had to file an impleadment application before the Hon’ble High Court. I filed the application just in time and it was allowed by the Hon’ble High Court. The bench, after giving me a patient hearing, held that it is the duty of the Government to provide home to the aggrieved persons but not at the cost of cutting trees.

    This case not only introduced me to local communities but also attracted independent clients seeking my advocacy. I share this experience as a testament to the crucible moments faced by young advocates. In the face of adversity, it is imperative to rise, sprinting with unwavering determination, for it is the endurance forged in such crucibles that propels young advocates forward in this demanding profession.

    Your book, “Iudexcracy vs Democracy: Revisiting Fourth Judges Cases,” is noteworthy. What motivated you to write it, and what key message do you hope readers take away from it?

    My fervent inclination to contribute to this work predates the NJAC case escalation to the Apex Court.  As a law student, I harbored a profound interest in Constitutional law, initiating my engagement with the field early on. With guidance from seniors in Law school, I started writing articles and presenting papers from my first semester itself. In the beginning of sixth semester, my team participated in a Moot Court competition centered on Judicial Appointments and the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC). Later in my final year, I thought of extending the research on Judicial Appointments and NJAC through my dissertation. When I graduated from law school and started practicing law in Delhi, I found that the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2014 along with NJAC Act had been passed in Parliament and the same had been challenged in the Supreme Court. My co-author (who was interning in the Supreme Court at that time) and I diligently used to observe daily proceedings every day from 10.30 AM to 4 PM captivated by the profound legal minds presenting eloquent submissions. Amidst this intellectual panorama, we envisioned ourselves as solitary islands, fervently desiring to contribute our perspectives to this ongoing debate. Our initial intention evolved into a more concrete idea – encapsulating our insights in the form of a book. Then, we were astonished to see the voluminous judgment consisting of more than 1,000 pages. Undeterred, we scrutinized it meticulously, identifying flaws that spurred our decision to conduct a critical analysis. The book meticulously explored judicial appointment procedures in other nations, drawing comparisons with the Indian context. It articulated arguments both for and against the basic structure doctrine, delving into its genesis. Additionally, the book elucidated arguments supporting the constitutionality of the NJAC with few suggestions. The book lauded the dissenting opinion of HMJ Chelameswar and called him an unsung hero because he was the only judge who fearlessly maintained in his dissenting opinion that there is “nepotism” in the judiciary.

    Winning the Atam Samman and the Udbhav Cultural Award reflects your significant contributions to the legal field. How do you handle the balance between a successful legal practice and your role in academia?

     I am really humbled and honoured to receive these awards. It is my deep interest in academia which has given wings to my legal practice granting me a multifaceted perspective.  When any academician studies any law subject for teaching the student, he studies that from beginning to the end. Thus, whenever I find any case to represent in Court be it Civil or Criminal, where interpretation of any provision is required, I in the dual capacity of academician and practicing lawyer can see various angles which may sometimes be overlooked by few practicing lawyers. As far as I have researched, almost all legendary advocates and Judges have been great academicians. For instance, Shri Nani Palikwala, despite his busy practice, used to devote his time to teaching law to students and was a part-time Lecturer at Government Law College, Bombay. He endeared himself to students by his clear exposition of the subject—always with a dash of humour and eloquence (At that time he was lecturing on the Evidence Act.). 

    I would like to narrate one of my real stories which is connected to academics and legal practice. In the year 2017, when I was waiting for my item to reach before one Single bench in Delhi High Court, one of my colleagues at the Bar was making his submissions before the Court that he sent the representation to the Government. Then the Ld. Judge posed him a question that, “When a Communication of proposal and acceptance is complete and under what provision of law is it provided?”

    Then my colleague at the Bar started referring to some Judgements. The Court specifically pointed out that it does not want judgement but provision of law. When the counsel could not answer, Court posed the same question to the members of the bar present in Court to be answered. Upon receiving the opportunity I raised my hand and answered the question, as at that time I was teaching my students Indian Contract Act, 1872 only.  The court, acknowledging my response, expedited my case, demonstrating the tangible benefits of a robust academic foundation in legal practice. I believe that the marriage of academia and legal practice is indispensable for cultivating a flourishing and enduring legal career.

    Your involvement in guiding judicial services aspirants pro bono is commendable. How important do you believe it is for legal professionals to contribute to legal education and mentorship?

    If you have knowledge, let others light their candle in it.-

    Margaret Fuller

    There is really a dire need in the Society of the “good legal professionals”. I regularly interact with Law students across the country. I feel that they really want to study and aspire to be good advocates but lack proper guidance and mentorship, causing them to veer off course in their pursuit of legal excellence. Problem is many law students are neither given proper practical insights by their law college nor guided by any experienced law professional. One can become a good legal professional only when one gets proper guidance, right mentorship and proper exposure to the law field. Study confined to four walls of law school is not sufficient. One must dive into the ocean of cases to understand the real intricacies and interpretation involved in Law. It is the bounden duty of all experienced legal professionals to extend a guiding hand and to give back to Society whatsoever limited they have.  It is the duty of the Law professionals to instill the sense of honesty, integrity and confidence in the young minds for their future. This noble profession demands a commitment to service rather than a mere quest for financial gain, and imparting these values to aspiring lawyers is pivotal.  I request all law professionals through this platform to treat law students with respect even if they don’t know anything. They don’t know that is why they are students. Don’t neglect or demean them even if they do not have the basic understanding of law. They would be natured and nurtured through your profund guidance.

    You recently spoke at TEDx. Could you share the central theme of your talk and any key takeaways you want the audience to remember?

    My TEDx talk was not related to Law or the legal profession. It ventured beyond the legal sphere. The title of my talk was “Why we need to relearn the art of Crying”. It was related to the perception with which we should see the world. I have discussed why we need to let go of our ego, and why it is required to leave everything on nature when we have already acted and when our true faith and the situation has gone beyond karma. I discussed how this nature gives you everything without even demanding it. My talk emphasized the superpower of crying. It explains why respect and power of this world lies under softness (in Hindi “Komalta”) and not under hardness (in Hindi “Kathorta”), and thus why you need to be soft and gentle. I would to place the Urdu couplet from Habib Jalib which matches my TEDx talk and is apt for the people with ego considering themselves as God specifically in the field of law:

    “tum se pahle vo jo ik shaḳhs yahāñ taḳht-nashīñ thā 

    us ko bhī apne ḳhudā hone pe itnā hī yaqīñ thā”

    “ab vo phirte haiñ isī shahr meñ tanhā liye dil ko 

    ik zamāne meñ mizāj un kā sar-e-arsh-e-barīñ thā”

    Outside of your legal endeavors, what are your personal hobbies or interests that help you unwind and find balance in your busy schedule?

    Beyond the legal realm, I find solace in playing Chess. It is like a booster dose for me. I also love indulging in the rich tapestry of Indian Philosophy (Bharatiya Darshan) from Charvak Darshan to Mimansha Darshan etc. In my free time I also read old Hindi Literature. Nowadays, I have immersed myself in the world of Munshi Premchand as I am reading his novel namely Gaban. It soothes my mind as it takes me to the old lifestyle of the village and makes it dreamy and nostalgic at the same time.

    What advice would you give to aspiring legal professionals, considering your own experiences and the evolving landscape of the legal field?

    I will give the following advice:

    1. Find your right mentor:

    The first and one of the most difficult challenges for any young advocate who wants to dive into law practice is to find his/her right mentor who is not only a good lawyer but also a good human being. A mentor who gives his juniors the opportunity not only to seek adjournments and conduct research but also to argue some small matters in the beginning of his practice. A mentor who does not disrespect his juniors and can show his junior the right path and guide him in case of any need. Thus, the journey of finding the right mentor should start from the first year of law school itself.

    1. Read Judgements consistently:

    Cultivate a practice of reading judgments every day. There should not be even a single day when you have not read any judgement. Take small judgements in the beginning and not the long judgements like “Keshavanada Bharti (1973)” or “K. S. Puttaswamy (2017)”. Completing small judgements will boost your confidence. Keep reading it for 6 months without having any expectation. Reading judgements will improve your drafting skills, court language, legal vocabulary, interpretation of law, knowledge, and communication of law.

    1. Do anything and everything to improve your communication Skills:

    Recognize that effective communication is as vital as legal knowledge, with the ability to express ideas clearly a hallmark of a successful lawyer.

    1. Try to have positive social media presence specially if are first generation lawyer:

    Harness the power of social media specially if you are First generation lawyer, but with caution, ensuring accurate and verified information to avoid negative repercussions.

    1. Try to start your practice from Trial Court or at least learn the work of Trial Court specially if you are First Generation Lawyer:

    There are a very limited number of cases which come to the Supreme Court. Thus, the first-generation lawyers who start practicing in the Supreme Court find it difficult to survive after four to five years of practice as they get very few cases. I have witnessed many first-generation lawyers leaving practice and joining firms or companies with meagre salary because of high instability in their legal practice leading them to depression and anxiety. Thus, as far as my opinion and experience is concerned, for first-generation lawyers, gaining experience in Trial Court work is crucial for survival and growth in the legal profession.

    1. Embrace hard work, dedication, and patience: 

    These virtues are the cornerstone of success in the legal profession, fostering resilience and long-term prosperity.

    Get in touch with Pawan Reley-