After transitioning from the Kerala High Court to the Supreme Court of India, what differences have you observed in terms of legal strategy, advocacy, and the overall courtroom environment?
First of all, a big thumbs up to LawSikho and SuperLawyer for reaching out to young lawyers, interviewing them, and sharing their experiences with the wider legal community. It’s an encouraging initiative that inspires and guides many who are just starting out in the profession. I trust that this exchange of experiences among lawyers is carried out within the bounds of professional ethics, and serves to strengthen the legal fraternity.
Coming to the question, in terms of legal strategy and advocacy, I have not observed any significant difference from the High Court. The manner in which we draft a petition or present a case before the court is almost the same. These are the basics. They apply uniformly across all courts. The only difference I observed was the time available during the admission stage in the Supreme Court. You typically get only one to three minutes to argue the matter, and within that short span, you must convince the court that the case warrants admission and the issuance of notice to the parties. If you have a strong case on merits, are well-prepared, and present it with due respect to the court and the opposing side, the court will hear you regardless of your experience or age in the profession.
You’ve taken up several pro bono matters, including a notable case involving life-saving treatment for an infant. What drives your commitment to such causes, and how do you balance them alongside a demanding practice?
I won’t claim to have taken up several pro bono matters, but yes, I have handled a few because I believe it is not just the duty of a lawyer, but also a moral responsibility as a human being to help those in need, to the extent we can. One such case that I will always be proud of as a lawyer was about securing life-saving treatment for an infant. The child was only five months old. Her parents had already lost two daughters to a rare genetic disorder called Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Naturally, they were terrified that their third daughter might meet the same fate. Through the intervention of some social activists, they reached out to me. To save the child, they needed Rs.18 crores, an amount far beyond their reach. I filed a writ petition seeking financial assistance from the State, arguing that the right to life is a fundamental right under the Constitution, and it is the duty of the State to ensure that this right is not violated. Hon’ble Mr. Justice Nagaresh passed an interim order directing that the child be provided with complete free treatment, based on a statement made by Government Pleader Ms. Parvathy Kottol, who was handling the case at that time. The State extended full support to the family. What stood out to me in this experience was how, in such extreme situations, Judges and Government Pleaders are also willing to go beyond their regular roles to ensure justice is served.
With experience spanning Constitutional, Administrative, and Criminal Law, how do you tailor your approach to building cases in each of these distinct domains, and what strategies help you stay current across them?
At this point in time, I don’t believe it’s possible for me to plan and settle into a specific area of law. The areas of law one ends up working in often depend on the offices one has assisted, or the nature of the cases you get. Moreover, legal subjects often overlap, say, a criminal case may give rise to constitutional questions.
While I was a junior at Nagaraj Associates, I had the opportunity to assist in a wide range of matters across various fields. In my personal view, at this stage of practice, a lawyer should be open to working across all kinds of matters, be it civil, criminal, constitutional, arbitration, or any other area of law.
Your PIL led to significant changes in Telegram’s content moderation policies. Could you share about it?
No, the platform did not change any policy on its own. The PIL was filed specifically to curb child pornography on this particular platform. When the court issued notice to the State Government, the State supported the Petitioner and even stated that the platform was a “safe haven for criminals.” Later on, the Central Government issued the new IT Rules, which included the appointment of a Nodal Officer for all digital platforms to address such complaints. The court then relegated the Petitioner to approach the Nodal Officer under these rules. As per my understanding, the platform no longer retains such objectionable content. It is now being removed immediately upon detection or complaint.
Having handled a wide range of cases across different legal domains, could you share one of the most complex or challenging cases you’ve worked on and how you navigated its intricacies?
One case that stands out was that of a minor boy who aspired to study at Jawahar Navodaya School. His admission was rejected on the ground that he had not studied in a rural area, as required by the rules. We challenged these rules. In the second round of litigation, after the Single Bench dismissed the case, I filed a writ appeal. At that time, I had just two years of experience in the profession. I studied the case to the best of my ability and appeared before the Division Bench led by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Jayasankaran Nambiar. However, during the admission hearing, the questions posed by the Bench made me feel as though I didn’t even know the basics despite all the time and effort I had invested in preparation. The court granted me one more week to prepare. When I returned the following week, I argued the matter with all the relevant case laws. Yet, each argument was carefully questioned and, one after the other, rejected by the court. Despite that, when the final judgment was delivered, the court directed the school to grant admission to the student, with a specific note that the relief granted would not be treated as a precedent. What made the experience unforgettable was that the Hon’ble Judges recorded in the judgment how I had presented the arguments in court. After pronouncing the judgment, they smiled at me and said, “We are granting this relief only because of your hard work on this case.” That moment was a huge relief, not just for the child, but also for me as a young lawyer. It gave me immense confidence to continue in the profession.
In one of your cases, the court emphasized that a guilty plea should not automatically result in a lenient sentence. How do you perceive the judiciary’s evolving stance on sentencing and plea bargaining in the Indian legal system?
There is a growing trend where, when charges are framed and read over to the accused, they admit guilt on the spot, believing that the matter will end with the payment of a small fine. In one such case, the Petitioner had suffered a head injury from an attack, yet the accused was let off with just a petty fine. This was challenged, and the court took serious note of the same, issuing a strong warning to the trial court against exonerating accused persons in serious cases merely on payment of fines. While plea bargaining is an accepted legal practice, in my personal opinion, it should not become a means for the accused to escape the real punishment prescribed by law for serious offences.
As someone who has independently argued cases before the Supreme Court and contributed to reported judgments, what guidance would you offer to young lawyers aiming to build a strong practice?
As anyone would say, hard work and stepping out of your comfort zone are the only ways to grow. In my case, I decided to move to Delhi after five years of practice at the High Court even though I had a handful of cases there. Some well-wishers asked me, “Why would you leave a steady practice to become a briefless lawyer in a new place?” Honestly, I wasn’t sure if my decision was right. Coming from Kerala, where we enjoy clean air, good food, water, and a clean environment, the shift was tough. I initially found accommodation in a very poor locality, and the weather, food, and overall conditions in Delhi weakened me both physically and mentally. At one point, I even questioned if I had made a mistake. But within two months, I started receiving briefs in the Supreme Court from senior colleagues at the High Court. That’s when I realised that the hard work I had put in back home was beginning to pay off in a new form. So yes, in my experience, hard work remains the only way to build a strong and lasting practice. One guiding principle I always carry with me is a piece of advice from my senior, Mr. Adv. Nagaraj Narayanan, once gave me: “Never ever suppress any facts from the court, even if they go against you.” That integrity is something I strive to uphold in every case I handle.
What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how has your vision for your legal practice evolved over the years? What are your aspirations going forward?
It was my father who first inspired me to pursue law as a profession. I remain ever grateful to him for his constant support. Today, my wife, Ipsita Ojal, who is also a lawyer, stands beside me, making her own sacrifices by joining me in Delhi to support my journey. Over the years, my vision for legal practice has matured from simply building a career to creating a meaningful and principled practice. I aspire to continue growing in this profession, staying true to the values that brought me here, and to keep practising with the same commitment and integrity that I began with.
I believe more young lawyers should actively come to the Supreme Court. It’s one of the most effective ways to make litigation at the apex court more accessible and affordable for litigants, especially those from underprivileged backgrounds. Until we have separate regional benches established across the country, the presence of committed and capable young lawyers at the Supreme Court in Delhi is essential to bridge the gap.
Balancing the demands of a legal career with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage this balance, and what are your preferred ways to unwind or recharge outside of work?
For me, the answer is simple. My family. Amid the pressures of legal practice, spending time with my loved ones helps me stay grounded and recharged. Their presence gives me both strength and perspective, and it’s through those quiet moments with family that I find balance.
Sir, you have extensive experience advising and representing clients across diverse legal domains. Looking back, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? How did your integrated B.S.W., LL.B. degree from Gujarat National Law University shape your early understanding of the legal system and its role in society?
Firstly, thank you for inviting me to your platform to share my journey. From a young age, I took a keen interest in public affairs. I religiously read the newspapers and followed the news on television. The dynamics of politics, society and international affairs fascinated me. To me, the study of law seemed like the perfect pathway to enter public life. I felt, and was also advised, that the subjects one would study in law school would hold me in good stead in achieving my goals at that point in time. So, that is how I found myself in law school. It is a different matter that at present, I’m doing something slightly removed from public affairs in the way I understood it as a teenager. But then again, litigation also intersects with public affairs, so I am content doing it.
As far as choosing BSW as my stream in law school goes, it was entirely by happenstance. I was allotted GNLU after the third round of CLAT counselling, by which time seats in my preferred Bachelor of Arts stream were unavailable. Given that BSW also aligned with my career objectives at that point of time, I decided to take the plunge. There was some trepidation, given that we were the first batch that was being offered this course. However, looking back, I have no regrets, given that it exposed me to a range of experiences, especially in the course of field work in rural areas, that I would otherwise not have had.
In the early stages of your legal career, what were some of the key formative experiences or challenges that deepened your understanding of the law and helped shape the direction of your professional journey?
Before I joined law school, I had a vague idea that the practice of law is demanding. It was during my internships while in law school that I got my first glimpse of what it actually meant. I had the privilege of doing most of my internships in Delhi at the Supreme Court and Delhi High Court. At first, I was star struck, seeing stalwarts of the legal profession in such close proximity. Over time, I saw them in action and gradually, began to recognise the mastery in their craft. Often, the fees charged by top lawyers get the spotlight, but what people do not see is the years of effort, hard-work, dedication and sacrifice that precedes that. Being exposed to that environment gave me a sense of what it takes to succeed in the profession. I, very reluctantly, came to terms with the fact that the conventional notions of work life balance would have to be foregone. After all, one has to work seven days a week for most of the year. Professional life is often fast paced and dynamic. It is certainly not for every personality type. At the same time, the profession also offers a sense of fulfilment and reward, provided the right effort is put in. Therefore, if one is able to accept the trade-offs, the profession can be deeply rewarding.
It was also during my internship phase and subsequent professional life that my understanding of the law truly started taking shape. It’s still an ongoing process. For me, it was essential to move beyond books and see the law in action to truly internalise it.
What was your motivation behind taking the England & Wales Solicitor Qualification Exam (“SQE”)? How has your dual qualification influenced your approach to your practice area?
My decision to prepare for the SQE was guided by multiple factors. Primarily, I believed that since the Indian legal system is largely derived from English law and is relevant to some extent in shaping Indian jurisprudence, pursuing it would be a good idea. The area of English law that I was keenest on learning was civil commercial law, which is especially relevant to my practice area. It has a rich jurisprudence dating back almost three centuries and continues to be the preferred legal system to govern a range of commercial contracts. A hallmark of English law is that it has adapted itself over time to facilitate commerce by balancing predictability and flexibility. That is why it continues to be referred to for guidance across the Common Law world. I was eager to learn about its development in greater detail.
Preparing for the exam was a unique experience, offering its share of excitement and overwhelm. It felt like going through law school again with the advantage of some professional experience, which made grasping concepts easier. The fact that Indian law aligns with English law in many aspects also helped. For me, being exposed to facets of civil commercial law and civil procedure were deeply enriching. It was remarkable to see the level of detail with which the Civil Procedure Rules along with the practice directions dealt with. Another subject which fascinated me was Equity and Trusts. It did not occupy a prominent position in Indian law school syllabi at our time. However, once I entered the profession, I understood the importance of this body of law, especially to my practice area.
On the whole, studying for the SQE certainly broadened my perspective on my legal practice, which I try to bring to bear in my work. One example that comes to mind is the guidance on steps to be taken and best practices at different stages of a litigation (from pre-claim to execution) are pieces which I have sought to incorporate into my practice.
You’ve represented and advised clients in and relating to both, domestic and international arbitrations. What are your thoughts on the evolution of the arbitration landscape in India and where it stands in the international landscape?
One of the most important considerations while incorporating arbitration clauses in contracts is the choice of seat, given its ramifications on the conduct of the arbitration and enforceability of the award. While choosing a seat, parties would essentially look at whether the legal framework, predisposition of courts and the general structure of the legal system is favourable to aiding arbitration, from the interim measures stage to enforcement of the award. In the last 15 years, there has been a concerted effort in India to encourage arbitration, be it through judicial decisions or legislative change. Pain points have sought to be resolved. The general trend has been positive. After all, it must be recognised that to attract and encourage trade and commerce, India needs to provide an effective and efficient dispute resolution mechanism to businesses. Arbitration provides a potential answer to this. However, one hurdle that is yet to be overcome entirely are the delays in courts processes, right from appointment of arbitrators to hearing challenges to awards. This is primarily a consequence of the heavy roster of Indian judges. This structural bottleneck would have to be addressed if India is to compete as a hub of international arbitration. Here again, the general trajectory has been in the right direction. We must also recognise that the effect of changes sought to be made will not appear overnight. We can certainly be hopeful that in the coming decade, India will occupy a more prominent role in the international arbitration landscape.
As a Principal Associate in Khaitan & Co’s dispute resolution practice, you’ve dealt with complex matters across insolvency, arbitration, and constitutional litigation. Can you please talk about some of the key strategic and legal insights from your experience?
Without going into the specifics of matters, one of the significant learnings from my professional life is that no matter how good or bad a client’s case might appear to be, its ultimate outcome is far from certain. Therefore, while humility is the order of the day in all situations, it assumes even more importance when your client appears to be on a strong footing. One must never let their guards down.
On the other hand, even when your client does not appear to have the best of cases, earnest effort can get your client a result favourable to it in the circumstances. Essentially, the outcome of a case is not always black and white in terms of winning or losing. There are a range of outcomes in between which can be of tremendous help to clients. It is, therefore, important to understand the Client’s needs and devise strategy accordingly. While the Client should be given an accurate account of the merits of their case, it should not influence how you defend the case.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, lawyers must remember that they are officers of the court and they have a responsibility to assist the court in arriving at the right decision. Therefore, it is important to strike a balance between the responsibilities towards your client and the court.
Also, while litigation strategy is essential, it has to be balanced with thinking on the feet. We operate in a dynamic environment, where evolving circumstances might require a complete reorientation of strategy. Therefore, it is important to develop the muscle to deal with such changes.
With your interest in public policy and sports governance, what institutional or regulatory reforms do you believe are most needed in India’s sports ecosystem? Are there specific areas where legal intervention could drive meaningful change?
The need of the hour is to ensure good governance of sports governing bodies (“SGBs”) so that the interest of athletes is at the forefront. A report by the Indian Express earlier this year highlighted that 770 sports-related litigations pending in courts across India, out of which more than 200 related to governance of the SGBs. This means that valuable energy and finances that could have been used to support athletes is being diverted towards other causes. Ensuring that SGBs get their houses in order is essential so that athletes can receive the support they need and deserve. There are numerous accounts of athletes having to fight against the system to achieve their goals. If we are to become a sporting nation, reform of SGBs is fundamental.
The Union Government has taken several steps in the right direction. The Draft National Sports Governance Bill, 2024 which was published for public comments in October 2024, offers some hope. The Minister for Youth and Sports Affairs recently announced measures to foster more accountability from National Sports Federations. However, it must be remembered that sport is a State List subject under the Constitution. Therefore, the onus is on states to ensure good governance of SGBs at the State and District level. Orissa has shown the way in this regard. Moreover, it is critical to understand that to build India’s sporting credentials, we cannot look at the government for all our solutions. Private sector involvement and investment has to be facilitated across sports. For that to happen, a favourable sporting ecosystem conducive to investment has to be created, which takes us back to reform of SGBs. Private players will be wary of supporting sports which are not well administered. On the other hand, if the sport is being administered well, it will naturally attract private sector support. Rugby India is a case in point. Despite not being a major sport in India, it has managed to secure private sector funding because it is well governed and is more likely to achieve its targets, however modest they may be, than a sport which is more prominent but ill-administered.
What advice would you offer to young lawyers aspiring to work in the dispute resolution practice in a law firm? Were there any particular habits, values, or resources that played a significant role in your own professional development?
In a law firm, you don two hats- one of a lawyer and the other of a businessman. The latter does not get highlighted enough. As a junior, you are so engrossed in the minutiae of the legal side that the business side gets neglected. Before you know it, you are eligible for partnership and to stake your claim, you must show your business building credentials. It is then that you truly start focusing on it. While it is certainly true that the initial phase of your career should be spent honing your craft, some time should also be devoted to learning the business of law. As you move up the ladder, the amount of time you devote to it would necessarily need to go up. So, my advice to those aspiring to work in law firms would be to start learning the business of law early in your career so that you don’t have to endure baptism by fire.
As far as values go, the ones that have served me best are responsiveness and reliability, be it with colleagues, clients or even the Bench. These are fundamental to success in a service industry like ours.
To develop professionally, I have tried to push myself out of my comfort zone by embarking on educational endeavours frequently. Time is always a constraint but I have never let that be an excuse.
Finally, as lawyers, it is important to remain updated about developments in my practice area. It is also essential to anticipate areas where I could bring my professional skills to bear in the future, so that I can position myself accordingly. To this end, I try and read about developments and trends within and outside the law on a daily basis. I immensely enjoy reading and learning new things. I love that I’m able to do that in this profession.
Given the high-pressure nature of litigation and arbitration, how do you maintain a healthy work-life balance? Are there specific practices, routines, or philosophies that help you stay grounded, focused, and resilient in your career?
As I said before, to work in the law, you have to forego conventional notions of work-life balance. However, that does not need to come at the cost of spending time with your family and yourself. In fact, both are basic human needs. Even within this system, one can find a way to give them the time they deserve. All it requires is conscious effort and awareness. Being particular with your schedule helps. It goes without saying that support from family is also necessary in adjusting to this way of life.
It is important to underline the importance of taking care of one’s physical and mental health so that you are able to be the best version of yourself every day. It is very easy to go off the rails, given the demanding work environment. I try and fit in 3-4 days of physical activity every week. To regulate my emotions and nervous system, I have incorporated breath work into my routine. The third area which I try to focus on is the food I eat. I love eating but to operate optimally, I avoid eating foods that inhibit my mental functioning. I do indulge myself from time to time but not on a regular basis.
The field of law is intellectually rewarding yet comes with its unique set of challenges. What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and what continues to motivate you on this journey?
My journey into the field of law began right after my 12th grade when I chose to pursue my LL.B (5-year course) at KLE Society’s Law College. Initially, I aspired to join the Indian Armed Forces, driven by a deep-seated desire to lead and serve. However, my struggle with mathematics and science meant that clearing the NDA exams was not in my destiny. I vividly remember sitting in solitude, reflecting on my strengths and weaknesses. It was during those moments of introspection that I realized my passion for reading and writing—two things that had always been close to my heart. This realization sparked the decision to pursue law. Although I did briefly consider journalism, my inclination towards the structured reasoning and the sense of justice that law offered steered me in this direction.
Coming from a family with no legal background, convincing my parents to support my decision was no small feat. Yet, the very moment I stepped into the law classroom, I knew I had found my calling. I was immediately drawn to the subjects and spent countless hours in the law library, which felt like a sanctuary of knowledge. From day one, I was resolute that my journey as a lawyer would be guided not merely by the ambition to win cases, but by the deeper purpose of resolving disputes and restoring harmony.
Participating in moot courts and debate competitions further solidified my passion, providing me with an inexplicable high. Two books that profoundly influenced my perspective were My Experiments with Truth by Mahatma Gandhi and Roses in December by M.C. Chagla. Their writings inspired me to see the law not just as a profession, but as a powerful instrument for social change.
Now, sixteen years since I first walked out of the gates of law college and into the courtroom, that initial excitement remains undiminished. The thrill of crafting arguments, the challenge of persuading a judge to consider a perspective against the odds, and above all, the joy of representing the underprivileged and witnessing the smile of relief when justice is served—these are the moments that keep me going and motivated. For me, the law is not just a career; it is a calling, a journey to bring justice and dignity to those who seek it.
In the early stages of your career, you had the opportunity to intern and work with several prominent organisations and senior advocates. Could you share some of the most enriching experiences from that period? Are there any insights or principles you learned then that continue to guide your practice today?
In the initial years of my legal education, the concept of internships was virtually non-existent—at least in my college. Our curriculum did not mandate internships, and the very idea of interning was something I stumbled upon almost by chance. I remember the first time I heard about internships; I was genuinely thrilled at the prospect of working on real-world cases and putting my theoretical knowledge to the test.
Interestingly, I did not follow the conventional path of interning under senior advocates or established law firms. My first real exposure to corporate law came through the encouragement of a very close friend, Karthik Kannappan, who was my senior in college and had secured a position as a legal associate in an MNC. He not only persuaded me to explore corporate law but also recommended me for an internship. This was quite a breakthrough, considering that major corporations and MNCs traditionally reserved internship slots for students from National Law Schools. For me, getting that opportunity felt monumental.
Another significant internship experience was with an LPO, where I worked on preparing chains of title for Hollywood movies. It was an eye-opening experience that introduced me to non-litigation work and gave me a glimpse into American laws—a perspective that would later shape my appreciation for international legal frameworks.
I vividly recall my conversation with Sanjay Bhatia, my Head of Department at the LPO, during my final days of internship. When I requested him for a few words of wisdom, he humorously remarked, “Hard work is the stepping stone for more hard work.” Though said in jest, that statement resonated with me and has been proven true time and again throughout my career.
If I have learnt any insights or principles that continue to guide my practice today it is that, if I am sincere in my heart and put in the hours of hard work without the immediate expectations of money or fame, the profession becomes not just rewarding but truly beautiful. The early years of toil and perseverance lay the foundation for a career that is both intellectually and spiritually fulfilling.
Having begun your career in the corporate sector, what inspired your transition into litigation and eventually led you to establish your own firm? What were some of the initial challenges you encountered, and how did you overcome them?
Three months before my final semester exams in law school, I secured a position with a startup LPO. With the blessing of my beloved Principal, I began working even before completing my degree. By the time my results were announced, I had already been promoted to Team Lead, managing a team of ten lawyers. Our primary task was contract drafting as part of a pilot project for a UK-based client who was building automation software for legal documentation. It was a thrilling start—high-pressure deadlines, intricate contract terms, and a steep learning curve. Yet, within a few months, the work grew monotonous.
Back in law college, I had harboured a dream of standing tall and presenting my arguments in Court Hall 1 of the Supreme Court of India. That vision seemed to fade with each passing day in the corporate environment. One fine day, with sheer conviction and a heart full of ambition, I put in my papers, bidding farewell to the corporate world once and for all. I took the leap to establish my own law practice—an audacious decision that stemmed from my unwavering confidence in my drafting and argumentative skills.
The initial days, however, were not without challenges. The most daunting of all was understanding procedural law. Despite relentless reading, the layers of procedural intricacies remained elusive. It felt as though I had to reinvent the wheel, learning the ropes one step at a time. For the first three years of my independent practice, I focused exclusively on criminal cases. Over time, I began to appreciate the nuances of the Criminal Procedure Code, witnessing firsthand how the principles I had studied unfolded in real-world scenarios. I saw the wheels of justice in motion and felt a profound sense of purpose.
I must express my deep gratitude to the entire fraternity of the Advocates Association, Bengaluru. Whenever I sought guidance, there was always a senior colleague willing to help—selflessly and without expectation of remuneration. This collective spirit of learning and mentorship was instrumental in my growth.
There came a point when I felt I was being stereotyped as a “criminal lawyer.” Although I cherished the title, I was eager to explore the civil side of practice with the same intensity and passion. It was then that I met my mentor and guru, Sri. K.V. Narasimhan. He took me under his wing, polished my skills, and guided me through the labyrinth of civil litigation. I consider myself a disciple to him, and even today, I seek his guidance with the same reverence. His mentorship is a debt of gratitude I shall carry for a lifetime.
The transition from corporate law to litigation, and the subsequent establishment of my own firm, was driven by an unyielding belief in my abilities and the support of the legal fraternity. Those formative experiences not only shaped my career but also solidified my commitment to the ideals of justice and advocacy.
You have appeared and argued in a diverse range of matters, including writ petitions, civil and criminal disputes, and public interest litigations across various judicial forums. Could you tell us about a particularly complex or memorable case you handled, and how you approached its legal or procedural intricacies?
Over the course of my career, I have had the privilege of handling numerous cases spanning writ petitions, civil and criminal disputes, and public interest litigations. While each case carries its own significance, there is one case that stands out as particularly complex and memorable—not just for its legal intricacies, but for its far-reaching implications on the privacy and constitutional rights of over 140 crore Indians.
In 2019, I was approached by Col. Mathew Thomas, a retired Indian Army Officer, who sought my legal opinion on a certified copy of a contract entered into between the President of India, represented by the Director of Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), and certain private companies headquartered in the United States. As a trial advocate primarily focused on courtroom practice, my initial impression was that this was just another contract review. However, as I delved deeper into the document, I was astounded to discover the magnitude of its implications.
The agreement, dated back to 2010, was executed on a mere ₹500 stamp paper, which seemed oddly insignificant considering the enormity of what it entailed. The contract granted these American private companies—some of the largest defence contractors to the U.S. Government and various international agencies involved in global surveillance, spying, and espionage—unfettered rights to USE, STORE, COLLECT, PROCESS, AND TRANSFER the biometric and demographic data of Indian citizens collected during Aadhaar enrolments. This wasn’t just routine information; it involved highly sensitive data, including fingerprints, iris scans, and personal demographic details of millions of Indians.
As I pored through the clauses, it became alarmingly clear that these defense-linked corporations were given sweeping access and control over critical personal data of all Indians without adequate safeguards or oversight. Effectively, the contract enabled foreign entities deeply tied to global surveillance networks to potentially exploit or misuse this information, posing severe risks to India’s data sovereignty and the privacy rights of its citizens.
Realizing the gravity of the matter, I promptly filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) before the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka and appeared as a counsel on behalf of Col. Mathew Thomas, challenging the legality and constitutional validity of the agreement. Given the critical nature of the issue, the High Court, in its wisdom, granted us the liberty to move the matter before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India.
Although this was not my first appearance before the Hon’ble Chief Justice of India as I had the privilege of appearing in earlier matters as well, this case carried a different weight, a deeper resonance, because it wasn’t just about a dispute—it was about safeguarding the very essence of privacy and national integrity.
The Hon’ble Supreme Court, after considering the submissions, remanded the matter back to the High Court of Karnataka for further consideration, and the matter is now pending adjudication. The experience reinforced my belief in the power of law as a protector of civil liberties and as a beacon of justice for the common man. For me, this case is a reminder that the true essence of legal practice transcends mere arguments; it is about upholding the sanctity of individual rights and the sovereignty of our nation.
This case remains etched in my memory not just for its scale and complexity, but for the realization that as advocates, we hold the profound responsibility to safeguard the rights and freedoms of society at large, often against formidable odds.
With extensive experience across multiple domains such as Negotiable Instruments, Consumer Protection, Insurance, and Revenue matters, how do you adapt your legal strategy when appearing before quasi-judicial authorities as compared to regular courts, where do procedural nuances differ?
The essence of legal strategy, whether before quasi-judicial authorities or regular courts, is rooted in a fundamental principle: learning never ends. This is precisely why the legal profession is called a “practice.” Mastery over subjects of law is not merely beneficial—it is the foremost duty of a lawyer. Over the years, I have embraced every opportunity to study new areas of law, constantly expanding my knowledge base. I truly believe that the moment one claims there is nothing more to learn is the very moment one begins to stagnate in this profession.
When it comes to quasi-judicial authorities, the strategy is simple yet profound: understand the core of the problem and the root cause of the dispute. If these foundational aspects are grasped well, I believe half the battle is already won. My years of practice have taught me that irrespective of the forum, if you are well-versed in the Civil and Criminal Rules of Practice, you are effectively equipped to navigate most procedural nuances.
Of course, quasi-judicial authorities bring their own procedural peculiarities—whether it’s the summary nature of proceedings under the Negotiable Instruments Act, the consumer-friendly mechanism under the Consumer Protection Act, or the evidentiary flexibility permitted in Insurance and Revenue matters. Each of these specialized forums is birthed from distinct legislative enactments, and their procedural requirements reflect the legislative intent to deliver faster, more focused justice.
To adapt effectively, I ensure that I invest time in understanding the specific procedural mandates and jurisdictional subtleties of these forums. While it is true that procedural lapses can sometimes occur, I firmly believe that with proper study and preparation, these can be minimized, if not entirely avoided. My approach has always been to meticulously understand the enactments governing these bodies, thereby positioning myself to present my arguments seamlessly, whether it be in front of a tribunal, commission, or an appellate authority.
In summary, my strategy is underpinned by relentless learning, deep understanding of the core dispute, and rigorous preparation tailored to the procedural framework of the forum I am appearing before. I consider it not just a strategy, but a philosophy of practice.
Election petitions are often intricate and high-stakes in nature. What are some of the key legal considerations to keep in mind while arguing such matters? If possible, could you share an experience from a case you’ve handled in this area?
Election Petitions are a unique category of legal proceedings governed by the Representation of the People Act, 1951, wherein the High Court assumes the role of the Election Tribunal. These matters are distinct, as the trial is conducted before the High Court itself, unlike other civil or criminal matters. Key legal considerations while arguing Election Petitions include Locus Standi, Grounds of Challenge, Strict Adherence to Procedure, Burden of Proof, Speedy Disposal. Under Section 81 of the Act, an Election Petition can only be presented by any candidate at the election or any elector. As per Section 2(e) of the Act, an elector is defined as any person whose name appears in the electoral roll of the constituency and is free from disqualifications under Section 16 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
One particularly memorable case that I handled in this regard was the challenge of a Biennial Election to the Rajya Sabha. A Member of Parliament had been unanimously elected, and his nomination was contested by a voter on grounds of material suppressions in his affidavit. The challenge, however, was that the petitioner was not an elector as per the Act.
The Representation of the People Act, under Section 81(1) Explanation, defines an elector as someone entitled to vote at the election, even if the person did not actually cast a vote. In this case, there was no voting at all—the election was unanimous. All candidates were sponsored by political parties, and hence, MLAs and MLCs were the only recognized electors.
I represented the petitioner before the High Court, arguing that the “explanation is not a rule; an explanation cannot defeat the purpose of the enactment; and an explanation cannot override the definition.” I put forth the contention that I, as the petitioner, was the elector’s elector—a voice for the common man who is ultimately the foundation of electoral democracy. I argued that the spirit of the legislation was to enable challenges to irregularities and that the unanimous nature of the election should not bar the electorate from questioning it.
As anticipated, the High Court dismissed the petition, not on the merits but purely on locus standi. But for me, the true journey began when I moved the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, appearing before the Hon’ble Chief Justice. I argued vehemently, challenging the conventional understanding of the Explanation to Section 81. Although the Hon’ble Supreme Court was not inclined to allow my prayer, I walked out of the courtroom with a profound sense of satisfaction—a victory of learning, strategy, and courage to stand up for what I believed in. The hours of rigorous preparation, studying every nuance of the Representation of the People Act, and foreseeing every possible counter-argument gave me an unmatchable treasure of knowledge.
In retrospect, while the case did not result in a favorable verdict, it was a landmark experience for me—proof that the real triumph sometimes lies in the fight, not just the outcome.
What advice would you offer to young professionals and law students aspiring to build a career in this field? Are there any books, resources, or habits you would recommend that helped you in your own journey?
I believe that offering blanket advice to young professionals and law students would be superficial because each individual comes from a distinct family and societal background that shapes their present circumstances. However, through my own journey, I have discovered certain habits and principles that I would strongly recommend to anyone aspiring to build a career in law.
The cornerstone of this profession is passion. Be genuinely passionate about the law and the pursuit of justice. There will be times when financial and personal constraints may make you question your path. Despite those moments of doubt, the secret to becoming a good advocate is to persevere even when the odds are against you. Never give up; your persistence will be your greatest ally.
There is no shortcut in law. Make it a habit to read at least four hours a day. This should include not just legal texts but also judgments, commentaries, and even works of literature that sharpen your articulation and depth of understanding. The law is ever-evolving, and staying updated is not just an advantage—it is a necessity.
Law can be an all-consuming profession. It is intense, demanding, and at times, overwhelming. Developing hobbies outside of law—whether it’s playing a sport, writing, traveling, or painting—provides a much-needed escape and helps in maintaining mental balance. These hobbies act as a sanctuary when the weight of the profession becomes too heavy.
One thing that is often overlooked is physical and mental health. Eat well, because brains need fuel to think. An empty stomach leads to fatigue, loss of focus, and poor decision-making. Sleep well, because your sharpness and ability to argue effectively are heavily dependent on rest. The mind is your greatest tool; take good care of it.
Finally, take time to celebrate your victories—both big and small. If you are someone who does not find joy in life, chances are you won’t find joy in the profession either, because for an advocate, the profession becomes life. Embrace it, enjoy it, and let it be your passion. Learn to enjoy the journey of learning. It is not the cases you win or lose that define you, but the person you become in the process.
Balancing a demanding legal practice with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage your professional responsibilities while also making time for yourself? What do you do to unwind and stay rejuvenated?
Time is a man-made construct. I have deeply understood this, and that understanding forms the very basis of how I manage both my professional and personal life. For a busy man, there is always time for everything; for a lazy, pessimistic procrastinator, there is only shortage and dearth.
I begin my day with something that brings me immense joy—cooking. I am a good cook, and I start each morning in the kitchen, preparing breakfast and lunch for my wife and daughter. It is my way of setting a positive tone for the day—nurturing my family before stepping into the world of law.
One day a week, I completely disconnect from work and dedicate that time to playing leatherball cricket. It’s my way of feeling like a kid again, venting out all the stress, and just enjoying the pure thrill of the game. Sports, I believe, is a fantastic way to stay rejuvenated and grounded.
Travel is another escape I hold dear. Once or twice a year, I go on bike rides—a passion that I cherish deeply. In 2021, I went solo from Kanyakumari to Jammu, covering the entire stretch over 18 days. It was a journey of solitude, reflection, and freedom that I hold close to my heart.
I also sketch, doodle, and paint occasionally. Playing with colors is incredibly refreshing for me, offering a creative outlet that’s far removed from the rigors of legal battles. I am a lover of Carnatic music and an ardent listener. During my college days, I used to play the violin, although the demands of practice have left me with little space to pursue it actively now.
Of late, I have embraced creative writing. I recently published my fiction novel, Tales of Lawyer Ramachandra Shastry, which has been a deeply fulfilling journey. I also won the 21st Century Emily Dickinson Award from Book Leaf Publishing Co. for my collection of poems titled How to Lose Your Keys and Find Yourself – Poems for the Beautifully Flawed. It consists of 30 acrostic poems that reflect on philosophy and life. I have also completed a philosophical work on Advaita, which is due for publishing soon.
For me, life is a balance of passion, purpose, and play. Each role I take up—as a lawyer, a writer, a cook, a traveller, and a cricketer—nourishes a different part of me. It’s not about managing time; it’s about embracing it.
We’re delighted to have you here. Could you walk us through your journey from your college days at the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, to where you are today as a respected founder partner at Acumen Juris?
I’ve always been a regular student, not particularly the outstanding, studious type one might expect. Unlike those who decide early on what they wish to pursue, I hadn’t planned that far ahead. However, I found myself fascinated by the profession of law.
During my college days, I stayed connected with people and even contested in college elections, which helped me build valuable relationships and skills. The path wasn’t always clear, but I realised my passion for taking on new challenges while working in the industry. This realisation led me to establish my independent practice and eventually run a full-service law firm. Embracing challenges with a positive attitude has been key to my journey.
Starting a legal practice and establishing oneself in the industry requires determination and perseverance. Can you share some challenges you faced during the initial stages of founding Acumen Juris, and how you overcame them to build a successful law office?
Indeed, establishing oneself in the legal industry requires immense determination and perseverance. With years of experience, these qualities became ingrained in me.
When I decided to start Acumen Juris, I envisioned creating something different. After years of working long hours six days a week, I sought a balanced life that included time for family and adventure. With this in mind, my partners and I founded the firm with a simple strategy: to operate as a firm from the outset, rather than as individual practitioners, to gain recognition and trust from corporate clients. Our extensive experience and commitment to delivering high-quality, timely services have been key to our success.
I worked across multiple time zones, advising clients globally, supporting their business setups in various jurisdictions, and handling complex transactions.
Your expertise extends beyond M&A to areas like commercial contract, drafting, venture capital funding, and legal due diligence. What inspired you to venture into these diverse areas, and how do they complement your overall legal practice?
My expertise extends beyond M&A to encompass critical areas such as commercial contract drafting, venture capital funding, and legal due diligence. These skills were cultivated during my tenure at a mid-size firm, where I approached challenges with a proactive mindset and a commitment to achieving excellent client outcomes.
In addition to traditional legal responsibilities, I have successfully undertaken corporate valuations required under FEMA 1999 for major corporations. This involved dedicated efforts, often beyond regular work hours, supported by a collaborative and supportive, firm environment.
My deep knowledge of FEMA laws, a focus since the start of my career, enhances my capacity to provide strategic guidance in transaction advisory, resolving complex structures and related legal matters.
These varied experiences have significantly enriched my legal practice, enabling me to offer comprehensive solutions and strategic insights that effectively address the diverse needs of my clients.
You’ve recently handled a notable transaction that garnered attention within the legal community. Could you share some highlights or key takeaways from this case, and how it showcased your expertise in navigating complex legal issues to achieve a favorable outcome for your client?
One recent standout in my career was overseeing a significant 900 crore share swap transaction where we represented the seller side. This transaction was particularly challenging because of its complexity, involving multiple intricate legal components and several limitations. I played a pivotal role within the core team, contributing to discussions, providing strategic advice, finalizing agreements, and devising efficient tax structures across sell-side entities.
Throughout the transaction, our approach began with a thorough legal assessment to gauge feasibility, followed by comprehensive risk assessments, and tax planning to design efficient structures.
Success in such endeavors hinges on years of experience navigating diverse transactions, a robust knowledge base, adept interpretation skills, a proactive attitude, and, crucially, a skilled and cohesive team. I am privileged to work alongside a talented and efficient team that played a pivotal role in achieving a favorable outcome.
This experience underscores my capability to manage complex legal challenges and deliver results that meet the strategic objectives of our clients.
You’ve co-authored multiple editions of a bestselling book on the Companies Act, 2013. Can you tell us about the journey of writing and updating this book, and how it has contributed to your understanding of corporate law?
Contributing to a bestselling book on the Companies Act 2013 has been a pivotal milestone in my career, marking a journey of personal and professional growth. The experience of co-authoring and witnessing its success has been immensely gratifying.
Throughout the process of writing and updating the book, I drew extensively from my practical experience advising clients on corporate law matters. This real-world application provided invaluable insights into the statutory provisions, case law developments, and practical implications of the Companies Act 2013.
Overall, this experience has deepened my understanding of corporate law and strengthened my ability to provide informed counsel to clients. It underscores the importance of continuous learning and practical application in evolving legal landscapes.
In addition, key person in developing the only website for FEMA Laws while working in the previous firm.
With your extensive experience in providing transaction advisory services, what do you consider as the most critical factors for ensuring mutually beneficial terms in agreements related to funding processes or joint ventures?
In the realm of transaction advisory services, securing mutually beneficial terms in agreements related to funding processes or joint ventures requires a multifaceted approach. This approach involves conducting thorough assessments of all parties involved, encompassing their financial health, market positions, potential synergies, and strategic intents.
It’s crucial to establish clear and precise objectives upfront to ensure alignment of expectations and goals among stakeholders. Addressing potential obstacles with innovative solutions and structuring agreements that mitigate risks while maximizing benefits are paramount factors. Moreover, building trust and fostering transparency among stakeholders throughout the negotiation process is essential for cultivating a collaborative and mutually advantageous partnership.
Navigating negotiations with skilful diplomacy, knowing when to concede and when to stand firm, while maintaining open and constructive communication, ensures that agreements are not only favourable, but also set a solid foundation for long-term success and value creation for all parties involved.
You’ve been actively involved in speaking at various forums and contributing articles on corporate laws. How do you balance your commitment to legal practice with these extracurricular activities, and what motivates you to share your knowledge with others in the legal community?
Balancing my commitment to legal practice with speaking at forums and contributing articles on corporate laws can be challenging, as it often requires allocating time from either my personal or professional life. However, these activities are integral to establishing and expanding the presence in the legal industry.
The primary motivation behind engaging in these extracurricular activities is twofold. Firstly, they serve as crucial avenues for showcasing and publicizing my knowledge within the legal community, thereby enhancing my professional reputation and attracting potential clients. Secondly, participating in speaking engagements and writing articles allows me to stay updated on evolving legal developments, enriching my expertise and broadening my perspective.
While there may not always be a perfect balance, I find immense value in contributing to the legal discourse through these platforms, both for personal growth and for the benefit of my legal practice.
You’ve provided legal services across a wide range of sectors, including retail, logistics, hospitality, and more. Is there a particular sector or type of client that you find most rewarding to work with, and if so, what makes it stand out for you?
Having served diverse sectors, including retail, logistics, hospitality, and others, each offers distinct challenges and rewards, making it difficult to single out one as the most fulfilling. However, if I were to identify a particularly rewarding sector based on personal interest and professional satisfaction, it would be the technology industry.
Technology is integral to operations across various sectors, from hospitality to healthcare and education. Working with clients focusing on technology is particularly gratifying due to the sector’s rapid pace of innovation and the continuous evolution of associated legal frameworks. Staying abreast of emerging technologies, regulatory shifts, and industry trends keeps me intellectually engaged and drives ongoing professional growth.
Furthermore, technology firms often operate on a global scale, facilitating complex cross-border transactions and international collaborations. This global dimension adds depth to legal engagements, involving interaction with diverse cultures, legal systems, and business practices.
In my practice, I have had the privilege of supporting technology-driven enterprises across more than 25 jurisdictions, assisting with business structuring, ensuring regulatory compliance, and navigating intricate cross-border transactions through our extensive global network of associates.
Working with technology clients not only challenges me to deliver strategic legal solutions but also broadens my perspective as a legal professional, reinforcing my commitment to excellence and innovation in every client engagement.
Balancing professional responsibilities with personal interests is crucial for overall well-being. What are some of your hobbies or interests outside of the legal realm, and how do you find time to pursue them amidst a demanding legal career?
Maintaining a balance between professional responsibilities and personal interests is crucial for overall well-being, albeit challenging in the demanding legal profession. Outside of my legal work, I have a keen interest in leisure travel, immersing myself in diverse cultures around the world, engaging in adventure sports, hiking, swimming, golf and indulging in cricket—a passion shared by many in India.
I make it a priority to play cricket every weekend and ensure I travel at least twice a year, either with my family or solo. One memorable experience was a biking expedition from Delhi to the highest motorable road in Ladakh and back, where I joined a group of strangers connected through mutual acquaintances—a journey that enriched my perspective on camaraderie and adventure.
Achieving this balance is only possible with the support of a dedicated and responsible team. Their commitment allows me the flexibility to pursue my interests while maintaining the high standards required in our legal practice.
In your experience, what are some emerging trends or challenges in corporate law that you believe young lawyers should be prepared for as they enter the legal profession today?
In today’s legal landscape, young lawyers face a dynamic environment characterized by evolving trends and challenges in corporate law. Initially, they must master the art of understanding and interpreting the law, which forms the foundation of their practice. Law is inherently practical and continuously evolves to meet industry demands, interpreting a crucial skill.
Emerging trends that young lawyers should prepare for include the increasingly complex global legal frameworks due to globalization. Understanding the differences across jurisdictions and navigating international transactions are essential skills. Moreover, the rise of technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytics is transforming corporate practices. Young lawyers must grasp these technologies’ implications for legal strategy and compliance.
Another significant trend is the growing emphasis on sustainability and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) laws globally. Companies are facing greater scrutiny and regulation regarding their environmental and social impacts, requiring legal advisors to integrate these considerations into corporate strategies.
In summary, young lawyers entering the legal profession today must be ready to navigate a rapidly changing landscape. They should embrace continuous learning, adaptability, and a proactive approach to stay ahead in corporate law.
Internships play a crucial role in shaping the careers of aspiring lawyers. What advice would you give to current law students seeking internships to ensure they make the most out of these opportunities and build themselves into proficient legal professionals?
Internships are essential milestones for aspiring lawyers, offering critical opportunities to gain practical experience, hone essential skills, and establish professional networks early in their careers. Based on my experience and insights, I advise current law students seeking internships to maximize their impact and readiness for a corporate legal career:
Actively pursue internships with law firms and corporate legal departments aligned with your career aspirations and areas of interest within corporate law.
Approach your internship with a proactive mindset to absorb knowledge and insights from experienced corporate lawyers. Take the initiative to understand corporate transactions, regulatory compliance, and strategic legal advice.
Cultivate meaningful relationships with mentors, senior lawyers, and peers during your internship. Networking within the corporate legal environment can provide valuable guidance and potential career opportunities.
Uphold the highest standards of professionalism, ethics, and confidentiality in all interactions and assignments. Demonstrate reliability, punctuality, and a strong work ethic to earn trust and respect within the organization.
Strive for excellence in every task assigned. Deliver accurate, thorough work products and demonstrate your capability to handle corporate legal matters with attention to detail and precision.
Regularly assess your performance, seek constructive feedback from supervisors, and proactively incorporate learnings to enhance your skills and knowledge base.
Internships serve as pivotal experiences for aspiring corporate lawyers to develop foundational skills, gain practical exposure to corporate legal practice, and pave the way for a successful career in corporate law.
