Super Lawyer

Category: Interviews

  • “Every day is an opportunity to learn something new. Embrace it, cherish it, and let it inspire you,” From Chef Aspirations to IP Law Powerhouse – Navreet Kaur, Partner at Ashwathh Legal

    “Every day is an opportunity to learn something new. Embrace it, cherish it, and let it inspire you,” From Chef Aspirations to IP Law Powerhouse – Navreet Kaur, Partner at Ashwathh Legal

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Can you share with us how your journey in the field of law began after graduating from the Army Institute of Law, Mohali? What initially drew you to Intellectual Property law? And we would also love to know what inspired you to make a career in Law.

    I graduated from the Army Institute of Law in 2012 and began my career at S.S. Rana and Associates that same year, working under the guidance of Mr. Vikrant Rana. Mr. Rana’s extensive knowledge and experience in intellectual property law left a lasting impression on me. Although my work initially focused on the opposition department, I gained valuable insights into strategy, meticulous drafting, and vetting of written pleadings from him and my dearest colleague, Ms. Meenal Khurana. What I cherished most during my time at the firm were the friendships I formed, many of which I still hold dear. They say the friends you make at your first workplace remain for life, and in my case, it holds.

    Law wasn’t my first career choice; I dreamt of becoming a chef. Life, however, had different plans. I’ve always been the type to question things, to ask too many questions, as those who know me can attest. So, naturally, law felt like the perfect fit for someone like me. Plus, I’ve developed a knack for delving into the nitty-gritty details, over-researching, and finding solutions – it just clicked.

    Entering the field of intellectual property law was a stroke of luck. I developed a passion for IP during my college years, but it wasn’t until I joined S.S. Rana that I truly fell in love with it. The dynamic nature of IP law presents new challenges and opportunities for learning every day. They say, “Every day is an opportunity to learn something new. Embrace it, cherish it, and let it inspire you.”

    You spent eight years at Saikrishna and Associates working with the Trade Marks Prosecution Team. What are some of the most significant cases or projects you worked on during this period?  Also could you please share insights on your time at Saikrishna & Associates?

    After a rewarding tenure of less than two years with S.S. Rana, I joined Saikrishna and Associates in 2014, where I had the privilege of working under the exceptional guidance of Mr. Pushpam Jha. Mr. Jha’s profound knowledge and unwavering support in prosecution practice were instrumental in my professional growth. Under his mentorship, I gained comprehensive exposure to trade mark, copyright, and design prosecution.

    Initially joining as an Associate, I was promoted to Senior Associate in 2018 and remained with the firm until 2022. During this period, I worked with a diverse clientele across various sectors, including media and entertainment, FMCG, beauty, and pharmaceuticals.

    One of the most memorable experiences was managing a significant portfolio for a cosmetic client grappling with extensive infringements. This involved addressing identical applications not only within the core class but also across multiple other classes. I played a pivotal role in strategizing, clearing the Trade Marks Register, and maintaining vigilant oversight of potential infringements. This experience was incredibly enriching, providing me with profound insights into portfolio management and strategic enforcement.

    Another notable project involved an international portfolio in the automobile sector, encompassing over 800 marks. When the portfolio was handed over to me, it was fraught with challenges. My team and I dedicated several months to addressing and resolving these issues, ultimately streamlining the portfolio and enhancing its global compliance. This endeavour significantly bolstered my confidence and broadened my understanding of international trademark laws.

    At Ashwathh Legal, your expertise expanded to include media, entertainment, and publishing. How have you navigated these new domains, and what unique challenges have you encountered? 

    With nearly a decade of experience in intellectual property prosecution, I recognized the importance of evolving and broadening my professional horizons. The vast expanse of knowledge in the field offers endless opportunities for growth and development.

    Building on my background in IP, I have ventured into advising production houses on potential projects and representing authors to safeguard their rights. This transition has not only extended my professional reach but also enriched my understanding of the industry. Engaging with these new facets of IP has provided me with a broader perspective and a more comprehensive skill set, allowing me to contribute effectively across diverse areas within the field.

    Given your experience with global trademark prosecution, what are some of the biggest challenges you face with cross-border IP issues, and how do you address them? 

    One of the most significant challenges we encounter in international trademark practice arises from differing jurisdictional principles, particularly between “first-to-file” and “first-to-use” systems.

    In India, which follows a common law tradition, the “first-to-use” principle prevails. This means that if you can provide evidence of the first use of a trademark, you generally hold superior rights to that mark. In contrast, many countries operate on a “first-to-file” basis. In these jurisdictions, the right to a trademark is granted to the first party to apply, regardless of who used the mark first.

    This discrepancy often leads to difficulties, especially in jurisdictions like China and Nepal, where “first-to-file” rules can pose substantial challenges. If another individual or entity files for your trademark in such countries, it becomes significantly more difficult to secure registration or to expunge the mark.

    To mitigate these challenges, I always advise my clients to allocate a separate budget for these jurisdictions. This proactive approach helps in managing potential risks and safeguarding their trademark rights effectively.

    Can you share any specific strategies or practices you use to maintain a healthy work-life integration, particularly as a working mother in a demanding profession? 

    Balancing a demanding career as a lawyer with the responsibilities of being a parent is an incredibly complex challenge, and finding a true equilibrium can be elusive. The nature of legal work often requires long hours and flexibility, and this can be especially difficult when unexpected situations arise, such as a child’s illness or urgent court deadlines.

    Becoming a mother has deepened my understanding of the difficulties involved, which are often only fully appreciated once experienced firsthand. While it’s easy to acknowledge the challenges from the outside, living them is a different reality.

    As a lawyer, the work often lacks clear timelines or boundaries, making it a continuous commitment. I am still navigating this balance and learning to prioritize effectively. Each day presents new challenges, and the key is to focus on what is most important at any given moment.

    Being a single parent adds another layer of complexity, making the balancing act even more demanding. Despite the difficulties, I am committed to managing both roles as best as I can, continually adapting to meet both professional and personal priorities.

    As a leader and mentor in your firm, what qualities do you believe are essential for nurturing the next generation of lawyers? Additionally, what specific qualities do you look for in interns or fresh graduates when selecting them to join your team?

    As a mentor and leader, I believe that patience is essential, especially when guiding new team members and interns. It is important to provide them with the time and support they need to learn and grasp concepts thoroughly. I also encourage them to cultivate their own patience and to approach their learning with a focus on accuracy and understanding.

    Equally important is the ability to listen to colleagues and to ask questions whenever something is unclear or seems amiss. Learning is a continuous process, and there may be aspects that even I am not fully aware of. Encouraging a culture where questioning is welcomed and valued helps everyone grow.

    I seek individuals who are not only eager to learn but also possess the courage to challenge the status quo and think outside the box. A willingness to question and innovate is essential for both personal and professional development.

    What are some personal and professional milestones that you are particularly proud of, and how did you achieve them? Also what are your aspirations for your career and for the growth and development of Ashwathh Legal?

    Personal Milestones: I take immense pride in having the strength to stand up for myself and make the difficult decision to leave a broken marriage. Choosing to create a better environment for my child, away from a fractured home, was a significant step toward ensuring her well-being and future.

    Professional Milestones: For me, success isn’t defined by awards or titles. Instead, I measure my growth by the knowledge I’ve accumulated and the respect I earn from my peers. If colleagues and former associates feel comfortable reaching out to me for guidance and value my input, that signifies true success. Knowing that I am approachable and that positive things are said about me behind my back reaffirms my belief that humility and respect are the real markers of achievement.

    I am proud of the professional reputation I’ve built and strive to continue being this person—one who values knowledge, approachability, and mutual respect.

    Have you been involved in any pro bono work or community service related to your field, and if so, can you share some experiences and their impact on you and the community?

    I often provide free advice on trademarks, whether to paying clients or those who may not be in a position to engage my services financially. My primary goal is to offer accurate and helpful guidance rather than focusing solely on monetary compensation. I believe that the value of my experience and knowledge extends beyond just earning money.

    Sometimes, it’s more important to be a good person and contribute meaningfully to others’ understanding than to prioritize financial gain. By consistently offering sound advice and support, I uphold the true purpose of my expertise and maintain a commitment to helping others.

    How do you balance the traditional aspects of Intellectual Property law with the increasing importance of digital IP, such as domain names, online content, and digital media rights? Also Can you share any innovative practices or approaches you’ve implemented in your work?

    Balancing traditional aspects of IP law—such as trademarks, copyrights, and patents—with the growing significance of digital IP involves integrating both domains into a cohesive strategy. Traditional IP rights provide the foundation for protecting brand identities, innovations, and creative works, while digital IP covers newer challenges related to online content, domain names, and digital media rights.

    Unified Strategy: I maintain a comprehensive IP strategy that includes both traditional and digital elements. For instance, when handling trademarks, I ensure that registration and protection extend to relevant digital platforms, including social media and domain names.

    Cross-Disciplinary Knowledge: Staying updated on the latest digital trends and legal developments is crucial. I continuously educate myself on emerging issues such as digital rights management (DRM), online content distribution, and cybersecurity to address new challenges effectively.

    Integrated Approach: In practice, I integrate traditional IP protection with digital strategies. For example, I may combine trademark registration with domain name monitoring and enforcement to ensure a client’s brand is safeguarded across both physical and digital spaces.

    Innovative Practices and Approaches:

    Digital Monitoring Tools: Implementing advanced digital monitoring tools has been a game-changer. These tools help in tracking unauthorized use of trademarks, domain name squatting, and infringement of digital content across various platforms. Real-time alerts and analytics enable prompt action and mitigation.

    Block chain for IP Protection: Exploring block chain technology for IP protection has been an innovative approach. Block chain can offer secure and transparent records for copyright ownership and transactions, reducing the risk of piracy and unauthorized distribution.

    Collaborative Platforms: Utilizing collaborative platforms and legal tech tools for IP management enhances efficiency. These platforms streamline processes for managing IP portfolios, conducting due diligence, and coordinating with international counsel.

    Educational Workshops and Webinars: Conducting workshops and webinars for clients and colleagues on digital IP issues helps in raising awareness and providing practical insights. These sessions cover topics such as digital rights management, social media IP enforcement, and best practices for protecting online content.

    Customized IP Solutions: Offering tailored IP solutions that address both traditional and digital aspects ensure comprehensive protection. For instance, creating specific strategies for digital content creators, e-commerce businesses, or tech startups helps in addressing their unique needs and challenges.

    When developing Intellectual Property strategies for clients, what factors do you consider to ensure their brands are not only protected but also positioned for growth and sustainability? 

    Understanding Client Objectives and Market Position:

    Business Goals: Align the IP strategy with the client’s overall business objectives. Whether they aim for market expansion, product innovation, or brand differentiation, the IP strategy should support these goals.

    Market Analysis: Conduct a thorough analysis of the client’s industry, competitors, and market trends. Understanding where the client stands and where they aim to go is crucial for crafting a strategy that supports growth.

    Comprehensive IP Protection:

    Trademarks: Ensure that trademarks are registered in all relevant jurisdictions and classes to cover the client’s products or services. Consider protecting variations and related brand elements to avoid potential conflicts.

    Patents: For clients with innovative products or technologies, secure patent protection to safeguard their inventions. This includes evaluating patentability, conducting freedom-to-operate analyses, and considering international patent filings if applicable.

    Copyrights: For creative works such as software, literature, or artistic content, ensure proper copyright registration and enforcement strategies to protect against unauthorized use and infringement.

    Designs: Protect unique product designs through design patents or industrial design rights as appropriate.

    Digital and Online Presence:

    Domain Names: Register relevant domain names, including variations and common misspellings, to secure the client’s online identity and prevent cybersquatting.

    Social Media: Develop a strategy for protecting the brand across social media platforms. This includes monitoring for unauthorized use and addressing potential conflicts promptly.

    Digital Rights Management (DRM): Implement DRM strategies to safeguard digital content and ensure compliance with licensing agreements.

    Growth and Expansion Planning:

    Geographic Expansion: Consider the client’s plans for international expansion and ensure IP protection strategies are adaptable to new markets. This may involve registering trademarks, patents, and copyrights in additional jurisdictions.

    Product Line Diversification: Plan for future product or service diversification by evaluating and protecting new innovations or brand extensions. This helps in maintaining a strong IP portfolio as the business evolves.

    Risk Management and Enforcement:

    Monitoring and Enforcement: Implement monitoring systems to track potential IP infringements and unauthorized use. Develop enforcement strategies to address violations effectively, including legal actions if necessary.

    IP Audits: Regularly conduct IP audits to assess the strength and coverage of the IP portfolio. This helps in identifying potential gaps and ensuring that IP assets are managed effectively.

    Leveraging IP for Business Development:

    Licensing and Partnerships: Explore opportunities for licensing IP assets or forming strategic partnerships. Licensing agreements can generate revenue and expand market reach, while partnerships can enhance brand visibility and growth.

    IP Valuation: Assess the value of IP assets for purposes such as fundraising, mergers, or acquisitions. Understanding the economic value of IP can support strategic business decisions.

    Compliance and Ethical Considerations:

    Legal Compliance: Ensure that the IP strategy complies with local, national, and international IP laws and regulations. This includes adhering to legal requirements for IP registration and protection.

    Ethical Practices: Maintain ethical standards in IP enforcement and management. Avoid aggressive litigation tactics and focus on constructive resolution of disputes.

    Get in touch with Navreet Kaur-

  • “The reality is that law isn’t about flashy suits or truckloads of money; it’s about resilience. The initial years are tough, but perseverance will always reward the committed” – Pinak Mitra, Partner at DMG India Law offices LLP

    “The reality is that law isn’t about flashy suits or truckloads of money; it’s about resilience. The initial years are tough, but perseverance will always reward the committed” – Pinak Mitra, Partner at DMG India Law offices LLP

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Hello and welcome, everyone! The SuperLawyer’s team is excited to bring you yet another insightful session today. If you are seeking inspiration through diversification and unwavering dedication, look no further—today’s guest embodies both.

    We are honored to welcome Advocate Pinak Mitra, a respected figure in the legal community.

    For those joining us today, let me briefly introduce our esteemed guest. Advocate Mitra is a distinguished lawyer at the High Court of Calcutta, serving as Counsel for the State of West Bengal. He is a distinguished Member of the International Council of Jurists and a National Board Member of the Indian Lawyers Association—yet this is just the beginning of his impressive journey.

    With a dynamic practice spanning criminal law, constitutional law, consumer law, medico-legal issues, family law, and matrimonial disputes, Advocate Mitra’s legal expertise is truly vast. He continually upskills himself, delving into intellectual property law, and navigating the intricacies of economic offenses.

    We are thrilled to have you with us today, sir. Thank you for graciously accepting our invitation and joining us to share your knowledge. Welcome, Advocate Mitra!

    Thank you so much, Akash.

    Sir, let’s begin with a topic that resonates with many young lawyers. Litigation, as we know, is a challenging path, and it can feel overwhelming, especially for those just starting out.

    Given your remarkable achievements in this field, could you share with us how you navigated this journey and what drew you to pursue a career in litigation? We would love to hear about your experiences and the key insights that shaped your path

    Actually, for me, law was never my first choice. I wanted to study medicine and become a doctor. Law was my second option. The reason I chose between medicine and law was that I wanted to be a professional and not have a job where I worked under an employer. I didn’t want to be just another employee. That’s precisely why medicine and law were my two options. After failing to crack the medical exams, I shifted my focus to law.

    I managed to get into law, took the entrance exams—though without much preparation—and got into the Department of Law at the University of Calcutta for a five-year BA LLB course. Initially, it was very boring because we had several papers related to humanities, and I came from a science background. The first and second years were especially dull since we didn’t have semester exams at that time in Calcutta University. But once we started with the law subjects, things slowly became more interesting.

    After graduating and joining court, I realized the stark contrast between what I had heard, seen on TV, and the reality. It’s very different from the common notion that lawyers are flashy people earning truckloads of money. The reality is that it’s a tough nut to crack, especially in the initial years, where you need a lot of resilience to sustain yourself.

    I’ve seen many of my batchmates join court after graduating from law school, but within two or three years, their initial energy fizzles out. The struggle is real, especially when you see friends from other fields, like engineering or MBA, earning decent salaries, enjoying job security, buying cars, and investing. Meanwhile, someone who studied law and joined litigation finds it incredibly difficult, not just to sustain themselves, but even to ask family members for basic expenses to travel to court.

    It’s quite embarrassing to ask for small amounts of money just to sustain yourself when you’re 24 or 25 years old and should ideally be independent. And when you see your friends with steady salaries, negativity can easily creep in. It’s challenging not to get depressed or bogged down by these realities and to just keep going. This is why some people, despite their potential, eventually give up or lose the patience to hang on after a few years. That’s the biggest challenge anyone entering litigation has to face.

    Thank you, sir. Your insights are truly grounded in the practical realities that many face at the start of their careers. I believe the motivational mantra you shared at the beginning of this interview—to persist, remain resilient, and stay dedicated—will resonate deeply with everyone listening today.

    Now, moving on to the next question: Your career has spanned the judicial hierarchy, from the trial courts to the High Court and eventually to the Supreme Court. Could you share with us your journey through these stages? Any memorable experiences, key moments, or valuable insights you’d like to pass on from your progression through these courts?

    Yes, so I’ll tell you. During my five-year tenure in law school, I only did two internships. The first was as a judicial intern under a Supreme Court judge, and the second was in a trial court for three months. I didn’t have the chance to intern in the high court. There was a stark contrast between my experiences in the Supreme Court and the trial court.

    I really enjoyed my time at the Supreme Court, watching the stalwarts of law argue, and I learned a great deal from them. On the other hand, when I returned to the trial court, especially in West Bengal, I found it very difficult to understand what was happening. What I was reading in my books didn’t seem to align with the reality of the trial court. There wasn’t much synchronization between the two. I’ve even heard judicial officers mention that each trial court seems to have its own separate procedures, which, as a law student, was quite shocking for me to hear and witness.

    Now, that’s one side of the story. As far as the High Court and the Supreme Court go, particularly the Calcutta High Court, the standard there is exceptionally high and has been maintained over the years. Bengalis, as a community, are very academic in nature, which leads them to always engage in legal discussions and have a deep understanding of the nuances of law, both in letter and spirit.

    In my opinion, if you’re practicing in the Calcutta High Court, dealing with complex legal issues or arguing a matter in the Supreme Court becomes relatively easier because of the high standards upheld here.

    Now, coming back to the trial courts—without any offense, I have to say there are some brilliant trial court advocates in our state and across India. However, the problem is that their work often goes unrecognized because the judgments from trial courts are rarely reported. Even though they sometimes do a fantastic job, trial court lawyers don’t receive the recognition they deserve.

    That’s another side of the story. The second aspect is that a law student or candidate must decide early on which area of practice they want to pursue. For example, if someone is interested in constitutional law, then the trial court is not an option, and they must focus on building their practice in the High Court or the Supreme Court.

    On the other hand, if someone is passionate about trial court work, including examination and cross-examination, they should focus on trial courts or the original side of the High Court, where suits are filed and heard. So, it all depends on personal preference. One should first choose their area of practice and then make a decision accordingly. Also, gaining some internship experience in both trial courts and high courts is crucial to understand if they like the setup and environment because, ultimately, after graduation, they need to blend into that environment and become part of it.

    In order to make an informed decision, it’s important to get a heads-up about these things beforehand. Otherwise, one might spend three or four years practicing in the High Court only to later realize they prefer trial court work. In such cases, they could end up losing two or three years of their practical life, even though they would have gained valuable experience.

    That’s the problem. Experience-wise, they would certainly benefit, but in terms of establishing their own practice, they might lose those crucial years.

    Sir, how was your experience when you first argued, represented, or took on a matter in the Supreme Court? Could you share what it was like transitioning from the state level to the Supreme Court?

    During my internship at the Supreme Court, I had the unique opportunity to see a side of the Court that most lawyers don’t—working behind the scenes with a Supreme Court judge. This was especially insightful before the miscellaneous days, which are Mondays and Fridays. I saw firsthand how the research is done, and I gained an understanding of the level of preparation and efficiency involved when judges handle SLPs (Special Leave Petitions).

    Usually, these hearings last just a few seconds, and at that time, we had to prepare a short note outlining the legal point involved so that the judge could quickly frame his mind. Everything moves very fast, and this experience was incredibly valuable during my internship.

    The second significant experience was when I joined the bar at the High Court. At that time, the Criminal Motion Bench was headed by Justice Bagchi for a considerable period, and he was extremely fast. We had to be quick and precise in presenting ourselves, and that definitely helped me when preparing for SLP admissions as well. The way Justice Bagchi conducted motion admission hearings at the Calcutta High Court was very similar to how the Supreme Court handles SLP admissions.

    This experience proved invaluable. You must know your brief inside out because you won’t have time to fumble through papers during the hearing. Even in a heavy matter, you might only get one minute to present, and there are always super seniors in the field of law arguing.

    As a young lawyer, it’s particularly challenging to get an audience with a Supreme Court judge. You have to make an impact right away, like hitting a six on the first ball. That’s my approach to it.

    Thank you so much, sir, for sharing these insights. This discussion feels like a technical workshop with all the nuances you’re imparting. I’m certain that individuals in independent litigation practice who aspire to reach the highest levels will greatly benefit from the wealth of experience you’ve brought to this session today.

    Sir, your experience extends beyond India, encompassing both local and global perspectives. If your awe-inspiring trajectory were to be anchored in specific professional virtues, what would those virtues be? And would you be willing to share them with junior professionals?

    When it comes to professional virtues, I would highlight three key qualities. First is discipline. There is no substitute for discipline; you need to maintain a fixed routine and adhere to it. This principle applies across all fields—law, politics, Bollywood, and beyond. Successful individuals, regardless of their profession, follow a rigorous and disciplined lifestyle.

    The second quality is hard work, coupled with staying updated. Hard work is crucial, and it includes keeping abreast of developments in your field. Nowadays, we don’t wait for a Supreme Court bound volume to arrive; updates are provided through various websites and legal articles. Supreme Court decisions are reported within the same day. Embracing technology and staying informed is essential; otherwise, you risk being outpaced by your opponents if you aren’t up-to-date.

    The third quality is the ability to build good public relations skills. In the legal field, especially as a lawyer, connecting with people socially is vital. Initially, clients may come through your relatives, friends, or referrals from teachers. Your network grows over time through these connections. Just as in medicine, where a patient’s choice of doctor is influenced by reputation and referrals, the same holds true for law. Effective social skills help in client acquisition, which in turn drives your success.

    To summarize, discipline, hard work, and strong interpersonal skills are interconnected. Discipline ensures you stick to your routine, even on slow days. Hard work involves both effort and staying updated. Building social connections helps in gaining clients, which requires continued hard work. Each quality supports and enhances the others, creating a successful professional path.

    Given that you have continually upskilled yourself through various courses and degrees, and considering the current legal landscape with its transformative changes across sectors, what are your thoughts on the legal and technological upskilling of lawyers? How should they adapt to these changes, and how significant is this process within the legal profession?

    Regarding the integration of technology into the legal field, I believe it is no longer a choice but a necessity. Whether we like it or not, we have to adapt.

    For instance, I recently visited the Supreme Court, which has nearly gone completely paperless. In contrast, the Calcutta High Court still relies heavily on paper and bulky briefs. During my recent appearance at the Supreme Court, my advocate on record provided me with a digital copy of the SLP. Even though I have a tablet and a MacBook, I am accustomed to holding a physical brief. Nonetheless, I tried to go paperless and use the digital copy.

    It’s a matter of habit; initially, it was a bit challenging. I can only imagine the difficulties faced by senior members of the bar, who have been trained to handle physical books and documents. Personally, I still prefer having an SCC (Supreme Court Cases) in hand rather than reading judgments on a screen. It may be easier on the eyes, but we must embrace technology.

    Furthermore, technology helps us stay updated. Without it, we would miss out on current developments. For a lawyer to grow and evolve, accepting technology is essential.

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, courts adopted a hybrid model of physical and virtual hearings. After the pandemic, some high courts moved away from this model, but the Supreme Court mandated that hybrid hearings continue. This has been beneficial, though there is still some resistance to accepting virtual appearances. However, technology allows lawyers who are unwell or cannot afford junior lawyers to participate virtually and seek adjournments without harming their clients.

    Technology has also improved court processes. Orders are now uploaded to the high court servers and e-courts, eliminating the need for certified copies. Additionally, we can now view which cases are being heard in which courtrooms via our phones, which was not possible in the past. This advancement saves time and effort compared to earlier practices where one had to physically check courtrooms or rely on clerks.

    Another significant benefit of virtual hearings is that clients can observe their representation and proceedings. This transparency helps address issues where clients have been misled about hiring senior advocates or other concerns. Clients can now view hearings and understand the proceedings better.

    In summary, technology is crucial in the legal field today, and there is no way to proceed without it in the current age.

    Sir, what is the constant drive or motivating force that sustains you in your profession? Is there a particular philosophy or mantra that you believe in?

    I have been quite inspired by the story of Mr. Ram Jethmalani. He has been a guiding force for me. During my internship days, I saw him argue a case in the Supreme Court on the principles of bail, and I was awestruck by his aura. After that, I read about him—his struggles and his journey as a lawyer—and I was fascinated by how he transformed himself.

    Outside the realm of law, I would also say I have been inspired by the journey of Mr. Shah Rukh Khan. He has been a role model for me, not just as an actor but as a personality as well. His journey is incredible. These people have had a profound impact on my journey as a lawyer. They have motivated me, especially when I see how they faced failures and bounced back.

    If you look at the trajectory of any successful person, they go through ups and downs. Even Mr. Amitabh Bachchan, the legend of Bollywood, experienced highs and lows, and his transformation later in life is remarkable. Figures like these—successful individuals in their respective fields—should serve as a motivation for others. Whether it’s sports, Bollywood, film, politics, or the legal field, their journeys and the challenges they faced can guide and inspire aspiring individuals.

    Their stories have been a tremendous source of inspiration for me and have helped me in my own journey.

    On that note, sir, a demanding profession like law can certainly take a toll on mental health. How do you manage the pressure of work while maintaining your personal space? Are there any hobbies, interests, or general routines you follow to strike a balance that you’d like to share?

    Yes, law is very taxing. It is extremely demanding on our mental health as well, because it takes at least 14 to 15 hours of our daily life. Apart from that, you need time for your daily activities—sleep, rest, and spending time with your family. Unfortunately, if you’re in the field of law, especially as a litigating lawyer, you don’t get much time with your family. That is one of the hardest parts. You don’t get time to hang out with friends either.

    Initially, you might, but as you become busier, the profession consumes a lot of your time, so you won’t be able to do that. Sometimes it becomes overwhelming. You might feel like taking an evening off to watch a movie or go out with friends or family, but then you remember you have cases the next day and need to study. You’re forced to study, and it can become very difficult and, at times, even depressing. I wouldn’t say it doesn’t. That’s one aspect—if you’re busy.

    The other aspect is if you don’t have work, which many lawyers experienced during COVID. The pandemic was a huge eye-opener for everybody. Most courts weren’t functioning properly at first, though they eventually moved to a hybrid model and virtual hearings. But initially, it wasn’t like that.

    So, for almost two years, many lawyers didn’t have work. At that time, it was very depressing and mentally challenging for lawyers to sustain themselves and take care of their families. Our profession is already very uncertain. I might have a very busy week now, and the next week, I could be completely without work.

    During that free time, how you channel your thoughts is very important. It takes a huge mental toll on every serious lawyer because the insecurity looms large. As for me, I used to enjoy reading as a hobby. But after joining litigation, the profession has taken that hobby away from me. Now, in my free time, I hardly read books because I’m already reading so much during the day. So instead, I’ve taken to watching a lot of content on OTT platforms, which I enjoy.

    Another principle I’ve maintained during my 10 years of practice is not going to court during the vacations. Many people work through the vacations, but I’ve made it a point not to work during the three vacations we have in Calcutta. For the good part of that time, I spend it with my family.

    I love traveling a lot, so whenever I get the opportunity, I leave the city and go somewhere to spend some time. Traveling helps keep me refreshed. We have such an amazing country with so much to offer, and I love exploring the length and breadth of it. So, that’s how I unwind.

    Since you’ve been involved in various editorial and pedagogical activities, where you’ve interacted with both students and practitioners, how do you think this involvement has enhanced your legal acumen and expertise? Additionally, how much do you enjoy these activities alongside your primary role in litigation?

    Yes, actually, I would say it is very helpful, even for the growth of an individual as a lawyer. Let me share an anecdote: during my early years of practice, and even more recently during the COVID period, I used to mentor some law students, including my interns. Apart from them interning with me, I would teach them about the practical aspects of the legal field and different statutes that aren’t covered in their syllabus.

    I also gave them basic insights into how cases are filed, conducted, and so on. In addition, I was involved in editing journals for CHN at one point in time. This experience was helpful in two main ways. Firstly, for the purpose of editing, I had to go through judgments passed by various courts. In the process of reading those judgments, I was constantly updating myself as a lawyer.

    Secondly, reading judgments for editing purposes allowed me to cover a lot of material in a short span of time. This not only increased my reading speed but also improved my ability to quickly identify the key portions of a judgment.

    Thirdly, dealing with different aspects of law—whether with law students or fellow lawyers—helped me revise what I had learned earlier, either during law school or later in practice. For example, while I may have studied the Domestic Violence Act or the Negotiable Instruments Act thoroughly during my college days, in practice, we mostly focus on a few sections like Sections 138 to 143, 143A of the NI Act. However, when discussing the entire statute with a student or fellow lawyer, it forces you to revisit and refresh your knowledge of the full text.

    In a way, by teaching others, you’re also learning and revising. This helps to reinforce your understanding of the law and ensures you don’t forget important sections. So, it definitely aids in personal growth and keeps you sharp as a lawyer.

    Thank you, sir. As a concluding note, could you please share your long-term plans, particularly in light of your impressive involvement with various professional legal groups and associations? What are your long-term goals?

    This is a very difficult question for me to answer. In terms of long-term plans, as an individual, I aim to advocate for the cause of law to a certain extent. I also plan to author a few books in the field of law, which I will likely begin working on soon. These books will offer a more practical insight into certain aspects of law, focusing on topics that I choose. The goal is for these books to be beneficial not only for law students but also for legal practitioners.

    There are numerous books on various legal topics available in the market, but I’ve observed that some of them exist just for the sake of being there. They don’t provide a proper or meaningful insight into the areas of law they cover. That’s one side of it. On the other hand, I have a long-term plan to establish a legal institute that imparts practical legal training to students.

    When or how this institute will materialize, I can’t say. It may never happen, or it could happen in the near future, but I believe it’s very important. Many people who enter law school are not from legal backgrounds, and the five years of legal education often don’t provide sufficient practical knowledge. That’s my perspective on that.

    Additionally, many law colleges today focus on ensuring students complete a set number of internships, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that students are learning anything valuable during those internships. It has become more of a target-oriented task—complete the internship, get the certificate, and move on.

    However, in reality, interns who come to courts or law offices aren’t truly learning much. I regularly have interns at my law office, and it’s a practice in my office to interact with them after a week or so. I make sure to ask for their feedback on their previous internships—whether it was in someone else’s chamber or a law firm—and also about what they have learned while working with me. If they come here, they should leave with something productive that will help them in their careers.

    These are the aspects I want to focus on as part of my long-term plans in the field of law. So, let’s see where this journey takes me.

    A very big thanks from the entire team of SuperLawyer. Thank you so much. 

    Thank you, Akash, for having me. It was truly a pleasure to discuss various aspects of our day-to-day professional lives and to share a glimpse into how I maintain balance in my personal life as well. I’m confident that young lawyers will find value in this, as it will help them gain a better understanding of the practical realities in the legal field. Thank you once again for having me.

    Get in touch with Pinak Mitra-

  • “Being an in-house counsel is more than providing legal advice; it’s about shaping business strategies that minimize risks and contribute to the company’s long-term success.” – Yogendra Bhaskar, In house Counsel at DJT Corporation & Investment Pvt. Ltd.

    “Being an in-house counsel is more than providing legal advice; it’s about shaping business strategies that minimize risks and contribute to the company’s long-term success.” – Yogendra Bhaskar, In house Counsel at DJT Corporation & Investment Pvt. Ltd.

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    You’ve had an impressive journey in the legal field. Can you share what inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how did you navigate your early years to build a strong foundation in this field?  

    My journey into law was shaped by a unique blend of family expectations and personal discovery. Growing up in a family with a strong tradition of public service, particularly in the Central Government sector, there was an implicit expectation for me to follow a similar path. My father’s distinguished career as a “Government Officer” set a high bar, exemplifying the respect, authority, and satisfaction that came with this role.

    Initially, I ventured into Aeronautical Engineering in 2008, driven by my background in the science stream. However, after a semester, I realized that this field did not ignite the same passion I had observed in my father’s career. I was missing the sense of purpose and impact.

    This realization led me to pivot towards a field of law that I believed could offer the opportunity to make a meaningful difference in society, much like the government service I had grown up admiring. I saw “law” as a path that could lead to either judiciary or advocacy, both of which aligned with my desire to contribute significantly to society.

    My legal education and early career were driven by a passion for understanding and navigating complex legal systems, to create positive change. I laid a strong foundation by immersing myself in litigation, gaining valuable hands-on experience across various courts and tribunals under the guidance of excellent legal professionals practising in Delhi High Court and Supreme Court. This diverse exposure was instrumental in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, providing me with a comprehensive understanding of law that went far beyond what textbooks could offer.

    During your time at LEX JURIS and SKC & Associates, you handled a wide range of cases across various courts and tribunals. What strategies do you find most effective in preparing for and managing high-stakes litigation?

    When it comes to high-stakes litigation, I believe in thorough preparation using tried-and-true methods. My approach starts with diving deep into the core of the case through legal research and understanding the correct facts of the case. I make sure to note down all relevant precedents that could support my case. A crucial part of my preparation involves anticipating what arguments the opposing side might present and observing myself in his shoes.

    Before stepping into the courtroom, I always ensure a few essential elements are in place. First, I develop a solid case theory – this is our roadmap for the entire litigation process. Then, I create a concise summary document “by hand-noting” that helps me remember all the critical points of our case. Still, I always make a diagram of the whole story of the case on the first page of the file, a diagram structure as it helps me to remember the cruciality of the case. It is also fundamental to gather and organize all the key facts from my client, ensuring nothing important is overlooked.

    Furthermore, understanding the framework and operation structure of the Client’s business helps me a lot to represent my case before the Court as it makes it easy to judge/presiding officer, how this person’s business works and why the dispute arose, which the relief I am asking for my client.

    Sometimes, complex cases require additional expertise. In such situations, I do not hesitate to collaborate with senior advocates. Their experience and insights can provide valuable direction to our litigation strategy.

    This comprehensive preparation method, combining detailed research, strategic thinking, and collaborative efforts when needed, forms the backbone of handling a high-stakes litigation.

    You started your career in litigation, representing clients in court, and later transitioned to an in-house counsel role. What motivated this shift, and how did your litigation experience influence your approach to handling legal matters within a corporate environment?

    My time in litigation was incredibly valuable, and I am truly grateful for the guidance and learning opportunities provided by my senior advocates as well as by the Hon’ble Judges. They gave me a solid foundation and the right environment to grow professionally.

    In my early years as a litigation lawyer, I learned crucial skills about how to structure a case. I discovered the importance of presenting arguments in a way that clearly shows why my client deserves the relief they are asking for. This involves carefully organizing facts, legal points, and evidence before presenting them to the court.

    While practising as a litigation lawyer, I also obtained insights into “why disputes often end up in court”. While there can be many reasons, I noticed that “commercial litigation” frequently stems from two main issues:

    1. Unclear or confusing terms in business contracts

    2. Misunderstandings or disagreements between parties involved in a transaction

    Recognizing these common causes of litigation sparked my interest in preventing legal issues before they escalate to court battles. Thereafter, I decided to shift to the corporate sector so I may construct a better foundation and avoid potential disputes as well as financial stability too. 

    Having transitioned from working in law firms to an in-house counsel role, what key differences have you noticed in the approach to legal issues? Please share your experience.

    In-house work requires a more holistic approach compared to law firm practice. In law firms, I primarily dealt with issues after they had escalated into disputes. As an in-house counsel, I now focus more on preventing legal problems before they arise.

    As an in-house counsel, I am much more integrated into the company’s day-to-day operations and strategic planning. This allows me to understand the business context of legal issues better.

    In a law firm, the focus was often on winning cases. In-house, there is a greater emphasis on managing risks and compliances. I now assess potential legal issues in terms of their business impact and help the company make informed decisions about which risks to take or avoid.

    While law firm work often allows for specialization, as an in-house counsel, I deal with a wider range of legal matters. This requires me to have a broader knowledge base and to be more versatile in my approach as well as I may learn more and more in my career.

    In-house work involves more interaction with various departments and levels of management. I need to communicate legal concepts to non-lawyers and miscellaneous department and further balance legal considerations with business objectives.

    Unlike in a law firm where client relationships might be more transactional, as an in-house counsel, I am invested in the company’s long-term success.

    My litigation experience now serves as a foundation for preventive law. I use my knowledge of common dispute causes, like unclear contract terms, to draft better agreements and advise on potential pitfalls in business decisions. My contribution and suggestions may help my organization to grow in an organized manner

    As an in-house counsel, I am often involved in strategic decision-making processes. My role is not just to provide legal advice but to help shape business strategies that minimize legal risks.

    Overall, the transition has shifted my focus from resolving conflicts to preventing them, from specialized legal work to a more holistic business-oriented approach. This in-house role allows me to use my legal skills in a more preventive and strategic manner, directly contributing to the company’s overall success and risk management.

    The shift from working in law firms to becoming an in-house counsel is much like moving from being a mason to becoming the architect of a building. By being the architect, I can now avoid potential risks and build a good foundation for the entire structure.

    As an in-house counsel, you’ve advised management on regulatory compliance issues. What do you see as the biggest challenges for companies in maintaining compliance, and how do you stay updated with changing regulations?

    As an in-house counsel, I have found that advising on regulatory compliance is much like ensuring our building meets all the necessary codes and standards. India is an evolving country day by day and those rapidly changing regulations across various sectors is a significant challenge. Further, many regulations are intricate and can be interpreted in multiple ways, being complicated sometimes. 

    As still in India for any sector, there is no such thing as a “One Window Solution”, where you may find all the compliances at once, so you have to follow several rules and regulations together without executing any contradiction and also following the interest of the Company. Operating a business in India has several major challenges due to the long processes of compliance and obtaining those approvals. 

    For companies operating in multiple regions, complying with different sets of regulations is often too hectic. Ensuring that this compliance does not hinder business operations is also a big challenge.

    I keep myself updated on specific regulations belonging to my company’s business by continuous learning through webinars, seminars, my consultant newsletters. I also subscribe to legal journals accordingly.

    Maintaining a strong network with professional legal associations and collaborating with external consultants and experts in the legal industry also provides help. Further, now in this Digital era, using technology and the internet helps corporate lawyers to track their compliance management and ensure all aspects of such requirements.

    Legal research and writing are critical aspects of your role. How do you approach legal research, and what tools or methods do you find most effective in ensuring thorough and accurate legal analysis?

    For legal research, I rely on a combination of online databases, legal journals, and case laws. Cross-referencing multiple sources ensures accuracy and comprehensiveness. Even, having such great mentors and seniors also guided me from time to time, whenever required, and through their vast experiences in the legal field, I got a better and wider approach to research and writing.

    When it comes to legal research and writing, I think of myself as a student preparing for a really important exam. This mindset helps me stay thorough and focused.

    First, I start by clearly defining what I’m looking for. This helps me stay on track and not waste time. I use a mix of online and traditional resources. Online databases like indian kanoon, scconline etc. are great for finding recent cases and laws. 

    I always cross-check information from multiple sources. This helps make sure I’m getting accurate and up-to-date information. When I find something useful, I take careful notes. I write down where I found the information so I can easily go back to it later.

    I also try to understand the context of the laws or cases I am researching. It is not just about finding a rule, but understanding why it exists and how it has been applied.

    For complex topics, I sometimes use mind maps or flowcharts to organize my thoughts. This visual approach helps me see connections I might have missed.

    I always aim to write clearly and simply, like I am explaining it to a non-lawyer. This helps ensure that anyone reading my work can understand it easily.

    Finally, I always double-check my work and, when possible, get a colleague to review it. Fresh eyes can catch things I might have missed. This approach helps me be thorough in my research and clear in my writing, which are key to providing solid legal analysis.

    Reflecting on your career journey from a Junior Advocate to an In-House Counsel, what advice would you give to young lawyers who aspire to follow a similar path?

    As a young lawyer, your early career should focus on gaining diverse experience, especially in litigation. This courtroom work will prove invaluable, even if you plan to move in-house later. Developing strong research and writing skills is crucial, as is maintaining an unwavering commitment to ethical practice. 

    Don’t underestimate the power of networking and continuous learning for career growth. Two often overlooked but critical skills are observation and active listening.

    By carefully listening to your clients, you’ll build a stronger case and resolve issues more effectively. Meanwhile, keen observation in client meetings and in court will provide you with a broader perspective on your career. There’s much to learn from watching senior advocates in action and paying close attention to judges’ explanations.

    These experiences can reveal new angles to cases you might not have considered before. Remember, the legal profession is as much about constant learning and adapting as it is about applying the law. By staying curious, ethical, and open to new experiences, you’ll set a strong foundation for a successful legal career.

    As a lawyer, it is beneficial to adopt what we call the “T-shaped” approach to your professional development. Picture the letter “T” – the horizontal bar represents a broad, general knowledge, while the vertical bar signifies deep expertise in a specific area.

    This means you should strive to gain a wide-ranging understanding of various sectors and how they operate. Familiarize yourself with different industries, business models, and how companies function in general. This broad knowledge forms the top of the “T” and gives you valuable context for your legal work.

    However, the vertical bar of the “T” represents your core expertise – the law. In this area, you need to excel. Your legal knowledge and skills should be deep, thorough, and constantly refined. This is where you focus most of your energy and become a true expert.

    You’ve done diplomas in Advanced Contract Drafting and International Contract Negotiation. How have these certifications enhanced your ability to negotiate and draft contracts, and what are the key elements you focus on during negotiations?

    I am currently 60% through a Diploma in Advanced Contract Drafting and Negotiation, which has significantly improved my skills. I have also enrolled myself in 4 other Diploma courses in Law Sikho, which have also started simultaneously.  I have learned to focus on clear language, anticipate disputes, and cover all key elements in contracts. The course has changed my perspective on contract drafting for modern entrepreneurs, showing me how to mitigate risks with crystal-clear drafting.

    It has also enhanced my negotiation skills, teaching me to evaluate the purpose, identify specific terms, consider past limitations, stay informed, listen patiently, control my reactions, stand firm on non-negotiable points, avoid suggesting alternatives, and close negotiations effectively. This learning has transformed my approach to both contract drafting and negotiations, equipping me to better serve my company and clients in today’s business environment.

    The legal profession is constantly evolving, especially with the rise of digital technologies and changing regulations. How do you stay adaptable and continuously improve your skill set in such a dynamic environment?

    To stay adaptable and continuously improve my skills in the dynamic legal environment, I employ a multifaceted approach. I prioritize ongoing education through formal courses and diplomas, as evidenced by my current studies in advanced contract drafting and negotiation. I embrace new technologies and understand their impact on legal practice.

    Adopting a ‘T-shaped’ skill set, I maintain broad knowledge across sectors while deepening my legal expertise. I adapt my communication and drafting skills to meet modern clients’ needs, focusing on clarity and efficiency.

    Continuously refining my negotiation techniques, I emphasize understanding business objectives and finding mutually beneficial solutions. I network with peers, attend conferences, and stay open to emerging areas of law. A client-centric approach keeps me attuned to changing industry needs, while I also develop crucial soft skills like emotional intelligence and problem-solving.

    Regular reflection on my experiences, such as my evolved perspective on contract drafting, ensures I am constantly improving and providing relevant, valuable legal services in this ever-changing landscape.

    Law can be a demanding profession. How do you manage the balance between your professional responsibilities and personal life? What strategies do you use to maintain your well-being while handling high-pressure legal work? 

    Balancing professional and personal life is a constant challenge, but it is crucial. To manage this, I employ several strategies. I prioritize effective time management, set clear boundaries, and practice stress-management techniques like meditation. Maintaining a regular exercise routine and a strong support network also helps me navigate the high-pressure nature of legal work. Additionally, I ensure I take regular breaks and vacations to recharge.

    Rather than adhering to a standard corporate culture, I believe in focusing on the desired outcomes for the company. This means I do not feel the need to be bounded by a rigid 9-to-5 framework. Instead, I concentrate on resolving issues and finding a healthy balance between my professional and personal life. Ultimately, maintaining good mental health and a stress-free mindset allows me to better overcome the hurdles faced by the company.

    Get in touch with Yogendra Bhaskar–

  • The real success of a merger or acquisition lies in the integration that follows completion of the transaction.” – Vasanthika Srinath, Founder Partner of Kosmos Partners

    The real success of a merger or acquisition lies in the integration that follows completion of the transaction.” – Vasanthika Srinath, Founder Partner of Kosmos Partners

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Could you share with us your journey into the legal profession? What sparked your interest in law and led you to specialize in international privacy law and corporate law specifically?

    I started working as a business journalist in 1994, after graduating with a degree in commerce and economics from Bombay University (as it was called then). A chance meeting with a friend convinced me to study law, as I believed that it would improve my skills and help me become a better business journalist.  (The Stock Market was still reeling from the effect of the 1992 scam and knowledge of various corporate and business laws would help.) So I enrolled to study at the prestigious Government Law College at Church gate, mostly, because it was close to my workplace and early morning classes allowed us to work all day. I signed up for a moot court competition within a few months of classes and I immediately knew that this is what I want to do in the long run!  So I eventually quit journalism a few months later to focus on my law studies. 

    There were no privacy laws then – and my favourite subjects in college were the law of Torts, Contracts, Interpretation of Statutes and Private International law. I eventually joined Desai & Diwanji, where I was introduced to corporate commercial law, property law and commercial litigation. I wanted to become a counsel, so I joined the chambers of Snehal Paranjape and started my practice as a Counsel in the Original Side of the Bombay High Court. After a year and half I relocated to Bangalore, and as I did not know Kannada then (I am fluent now), I went back to doing corporate work and then moved in-house.

    I worked for a few companies, setting up their legal function and then became the General Counsel of some large IT / ITES companies. Contracts and negotiations are the life blood and most important aspect for any corporate lawyer, and as the legal head, I was also responsible for supporting growth of the business across countries, mergers and acquisitions and compliance, apart from everything else that comes with the role. When I was the General Counsel of Minacs, the Company was acquired by Concentrix, and I set up the Compliance function at Concentrix. That’s about when GDPR happened and I was one person in the company who had no conflict of interest in taking up the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO). So I learned all about Data Protection and Privacy and set up the privacy function. Gradually, we saw the introduction of Artificial Intelligence where the laws are even more challenging. I was also responsible to ensure that we had a framework in place to ensure ethical and responsible AI design.  I learnt a lot on the job and it was very exciting and enriching for me.

    In December 2023, I joined hands with my old friend, Rashmi Sharma, and we set up Kosmos Partners together.

    So this is my career trajectory in a snapshot – property, corporate advisory, litigation, back to corporate transactions (this time in-house – mostly tech laws), corporate compliance and data protection and privacy, AI regulations and finally – back to practice.

    You’ve had an impressive career spanning over 25 years, with significant roles in various organizations. How have these experiences shaped your understanding of international privacy law and corporate legal practices?

    One can never understate the value of experience. Each and every transaction, incident, case or matter comes with its own learning. I was extremely fortunate to be at the right place at the right time and to handle the kind of matters I got to do. I was very fortunate to have the opportunity to handle quite a few mergers and acquisitions independently right at the start of my in-house career and that was a great learning. I negotiated a couple of very challenging multi-jurisdictional contracts with large corporations, who are known to be very rigid and unwilling to bend on some key terms, but we still managed to get excellent terms from them based on how we positioned ourselves. Some of these learnings taught me how to break up a problem into smaller pieces to solve it better, how to take a step back and understand the big picture, how to bring value to the table and demonstrate that, especially while negotiating.

    I travelled extensively to negotiate contracts with large clients and also, as part of my role as the Compliance leader.  This exposure taught me a lot about the laws and legal practices of many other countries, their cultures and also helped me understand the data protection, privacy and cyber security laws and practices in various countries.  I also began to appreciate how law and privacy are closely linked to the local culture. I think it is necessary to understand the history and culture of the other country before negotiating a contract or working on compliances or data privacy requirements of that country to be more effective.

    One of the biggest challenges is to try to help the business create business processes that comply with the laws of multiple jurisdictions without making it too complicated for the business.

    I also learned how important it is to understand the business and its challenges before we try to teach them the law. Once we understand their challenges, as lawyers, we should partner with the business and help solve their problems in a more practical way, rather than preaching to them. Raising awareness of the laws and regulations among business teams is also very important for business lawyers. 

    Given the dynamic nature of data privacy laws globally, how do you stay updated with the latest developments and how do these changes impact your clients?

    The only way to stay updated is to read, read and read. There are quite a few free online legal subscriptions that one can subscribe to, so one is updated of the latest regulations. Also, consider joining online groups and WhatsApp, which are good at information sharing, many of them are rather helpful too.   

    Could you walk us through a challenging case or project you’ve handled in international privacy law? How did you navigate through it and what were the key takeaways?

    One of the most challenging project was during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and having to support the business teams in moving to work from home in a very short time. We barely had time to understand what was happening and we needed to move all equipment to employees’ homes in multiple countries around the same time. These had privacy and compliance implications, which we had to deal with for each country separately. Not only that, every country / city / state kept coming out with various regulations and notifications, which a couple of us were closely tracking real-time.

    Soon enough, the tech teams had to come up with tools to protect the security of the data that was to processed by employees from their homes, which had even more privacy challenges. Our challenge was to walk the fine line between protecting the company and its client data and confidential information and to ensure cyber security on one hand, while on the other hand, ensuring that we do not violate privacy rights. We had a great team that rose to the challenge very well. We had to understand the needs of the business, the proposed solution, its impact on privacy and then map it against the laws of each country, so we could then work with the teams on implementing a viable solution. The biggest takeaway from such projects was the importance of team effort.  Understanding the laws, of course, was important, but none of these challenging projects are successful unless everyone comes together as a larger team. 

    In your opinion, what are some of the most common misconceptions clients have about data privacy laws, and how do you address them in your practice?

    The largest misconception clients have about data privacy laws is that they are fully compliant since they are GDPR compliant. GDPR is considered as the gold standard in data privacy, but one does not need to implement GDPR across board indiscriminately. Some clients take pride in doing that. But the Indian privacy law is more focused on a consent driven approach, and if you needlessly implement GDPR for Indian data principles, you will anyway have to take a look at everything once again.

    Transitioning to corporate law, what are some of the most rewarding aspects of advising on mergers and acquisitions or structuring financial transactions? Could you share a memorable experience from your career in this field?

    I have handled and led quite a few mergers and acquisitions as the legal head. Though mergers and acquisitions are long, complex and challenging transactions, they are just the beginning. The real success of a merger or acquisition lies in the integration, that follows completion of the transaction.  And to ensure that the integration is complete and thorough, one must ensure that the due diligence was as complete and thorough. More often than not, sadly, due diligence is left to junior lawyers, who may not even understand the challenges in the documents they have been checking.

    One very memorable transaction for me, very early in my career was a deal where we were acquiring a company headquartered in the US with a subsidiary in India. The founder had passed and his wife was unable to run the business and hence selling it. There were quite a few challenges in the deal right from the start. We found tax issues and litigation in the due diligence, both in US and India. The seller wanted to retire and did not want to be saddled with any of the issues, especially in India, so she wanted us to buy the stocks in the holding company and take care of everything, while we wanted only to buy out all the assets so we did not have to deal with their tax matters. The negotiations, led by our CFO almost came to breaking point as we could not agree on the transaction structure.

    Finally, we went to our CEO and I will never forget how he broke down the transaction into smaller parts and suggested why don’t we take the stocks of the Indian company as we can deal with their litigation here since we are local and set up a new company in US and buy out the assets there, and leave the Seller to clean up the tax issues in US since she was a local there, which was acceptable to her too. We had to look at the key pain points for both parties and resolve that, and it suddenly became a win-win for both parties.  The same transaction also saw the Seller sacking her CA in the middle of the transaction. She had retained the CA to negotiate the transaction as well as vet the contract for her, but it turned out that he was not really providing her much support on the contract piece. After some time, she ended placing so much trust and faith in me that she would sign any document only if I confirmed that I have seen it and it is ok for her to sign. I had to remind her that I do not represent her, but she still reposed so much trust and faith in me to draft a fair document. That was a very overwhelming experience, and something I can’t forget.

    As someone who has held leadership positions in legal departments of major corporations, what advice would you give to young professionals looking to advance their careers in corporate law and privacy law?

    Young professionals should try to develop an understanding of the business and develop a strategic outlook.

    For in house counsels, focus on developing a deep understanding of the company’s business objectives. This involves not only knowing the law but also understanding how it impacts the bottom line. Additionally, cultivating strong interpersonal and communication skills is crucial. The ability to build relationships with colleagues across different departments, and to articulate complex legal concepts in clear and concise terms, is invaluable.

    Privacy lawyers, should necessarily try to develop some technical expertise. Beyond technical expertise, develop a strategic mindset. Anticipating legal risks and providing proactive solutions is essential for career growth. Seeking out opportunities to take on leadership roles, even at an early stage, can accelerate professional development.

    Also, do seek out a mentor, take their advice, and learn from their experience. Later, as you grow in your career, please do mentor juniors. It is our duty to keep grooming younger lawyers and build a legacy.

    Finally, considering your extensive experience and success in the legal field, what advice would you offer to fresh graduates aspiring to follow a similar path in international privacy law and corporate law?

    This is a very exciting time for fresh graduates – especially with the rapid changes to technology that we are seeing and will continue to see. The most important thing is for them to work on building a strong foundation and develop a deep understanding of the core legal principles and business fundamentals. Secondly, build a global outlook. Both privacy and corporate laws transcend borders nowadays, so it is important to stay updated on the legal and regulatory developments worldwide. Last, but not the least, as lawyers, we have to be committed to a lifetime of learning. Although Continued Legal Education is not mandatory in India, it is something we owe to ourselves. In addition, it is necessary to build a good professional network, and develop skills in legal writing, drafting, negotiations and communication and try to align yourself with a field of law that you feel passionate about. Don’t do something because it appears to be the cool thing to do. Otherwise, it will eventually wear you down. Enjoy your work and you will continue to cherish it. 

    Get in touch with Vasanthika Srinath-

  • “Technology has the potential to bridge gaps in our legal system, but it must be implemented thoughtfully with the citizen at the center” – Suprya Prakash B S, Programme Director at DAKSH

    “Technology has the potential to bridge gaps in our legal system, but it must be implemented thoughtfully with the citizen at the center” – Suprya Prakash B S, Programme Director at DAKSH

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Hello, and welcome to the new episode of SuperLawyer. Today, we have with us an esteemed fellow and Program Director at DAKSH, Surya Prakash BS Sir. Welcome, Sir, and thank you for agreeing to meet with us and give this particular interview to SuperLawyer YouTube channel.

    Thank you so much, Divya ji. I’m happy to be part of it. I’m looking forward to this conversation and sharing my journey.

    Let me begin with Sir’s journey about DAKSH, a civil society organization that undertakes research and activities to promote accountability and better governance in India, which almost all of us try to find in society.

    Now, I would like to begin this interview with a very small question: When did you decide to become a lawyer? Why did you decide to become a lawyer after having such an amazing career as a CA since the year 2000?

    So, I was a Chartered Accountant, working in the IT industry on the corporate side. After I started getting into tax litigation and handling tax matters for these companies, I realized the importance of having knowledge of the law, not just tax expertise. Law is such a broad field that I believe everyone should have some understanding of it. It’s like arithmetic—it’s as fundamental as reading and writing.

    In modern society, law should be a necessary subject for all of us to be aware of in some form or another. And this is especially true when you’re dealing with a complex topic like taxation. Taxation is not for everyone—it’s a highly technical subject. But when it is applied and administered by officials, and adjudicated by generalists like judges or lawyers, it takes on a life of its own.

    That’s when I realized that you need to be able to speak the language of these other communities. It was a very intellectual realization that led me to choose to study law. I thought, “There’s something on the other side of the river; let me explore it and see how much more enjoyable it might be.”

    Sir, given that fact, you have transitioned from being a CA and absolutely successful career and then to law. And you have also been the program director at DAKSH. You have led many, many initiatives, like rule of law project and setting it up in the law and technology department at IT Delhi. How do you see these projects aligned with your vision for the future of India’s legal landscape? What are your plans regarding that?

    I’ll take a few minutes to address this, so please bear with me. This is a very important question, and many of us may not fully grasp the gravity of the situation.

    As India matures and transitions from a middle-income to a high-income society, we need strong institutions. Our society is evolving—from an agricultural-based economy to an industrial, and now a technological income-based society. During this transition, many aspects of our society are creating friction. Personal lives are being disrupted, people are being uprooted due to migration and environmental changes, and there is a constant clash between the haves and the have-nots.

    In this journey as a nation, I believe that what will hold us together—apart from each of us individually becoming more enlightened and aware of our motivations—are strong public and governance institutions. These institutions need to withstand the rise and fall of the tides of time and the pressures of street politics. The key question is, how do we maintain our integrity and distance ourselves from these pressures?

    With that objective in mind, the rule of law project at DAKSH was initiated by a group of people, including Harish Narsappa, now a Senior Advocate at the Karnataka High Court, and Kishore Mandiam, one of the active members of the team. I joined the project in 2015. As we began working, we realized that while systemic change and strong institutions are crucial, it is equally important to engage with the citizens on the ground. What do they want? What are their expectations? How do they perceive these institutions?

    Our perspective has always been focused on systemic change and institutional engagement, but from the citizen’s perspective. This approach has been our guiding principle over the years. We do not reject any perspective—whether sociological, economic, systems thinking, or technological. All these are tools that we should use appropriately to make change possible. One significant advantage of technology is that it allows for scale; it overcomes geographical and physical limitations, making it a very attractive tool. However, it must be used carefully and appropriately, which is always a challenge.

    When we were contemplating how to use technology and analytics, an opportunity arose for us to partner with IIT Delhi, leading to the establishment of the center there. We look forward to many more collaborations with other institutions and engaging in impactful initiatives.

    So, sir, given your background, you have also co-edited the book called Technology and Analysis for Law and Justice. How do you see technology and analytics playing a role in improving access to justice and enhancing legal outcomes? I would like to also add to this, how do you foresee it is going to change our legal justice system? The problem is, that we have to first understand how technology is infiltrating our lives as well. We would love to hear your views.

    I think the answer to the question is evident in the fact that we’re speaking seamlessly with each other, despite being in different cities. Technology has integrated so well into our lives that sometimes it feels too comfortable. The fact that technology is so ingrained in our day-to-day functioning, yet seems somewhat out of place in the legal and justice space, highlights a bridge that needs to be crossed. Technology can significantly impact all aspects of law and justice, whether it’s access to law, information about your rights, or finding out who the appropriate agency is for your situation—whether it be a paralegal, a law firm, a lawyer, or an NGO that can assist you. All these entities support a citizen’s journey from being aware of their rights to enforcing them. I believe that is the foremost priority.

    Everything else should be viewed as assisting the citizen in that process, whether it involves law firms that have embraced AI and databases or courts that are now starting to integrate technology. It is also true that the courts are fairly downstream in this process. For example, if a hypothetical Zomato order ends up in court, it is at the very end of the transaction chain. So, courts will always be in a reactive mode when adopting technology, but this needs to happen sooner rather than later.

    India has an advantage here. It’s similar to how mobile penetration in India scaled up much faster than in some Western countries because landlines had not yet penetrated deeply. Likewise, many courts in our country do not even have desktops, so moving to the next generation of technology—whether it’s video conferencing, text-to-speech features, or other advancements—becomes much more feasible because the starting point is essentially zero.

    There’s no need to convince anyone on the impact of technology; lawyers who are attuned to the needs of citizens are already aware of it. They use WhatsApp, and people expect updates on WhatsApp, QR codes for payments, and so on. All of these are becoming integral parts of our lives, and they will naturally flow into the court systems in the days to come. I have no doubt about that.

    The challenge for us is to ensure that this transition is done in a structured manner, with the citizen at the center of it. We need to focus on the design, accessibility, and, in parallel, like with all institutions, how to maintain accountability and transparency. For example, does the use of video conferencing compromise the principle of open courts? The purpose of an open court is to be seen as part of society, but if links are only accessible to a few, how compliant are we with that principle? These are the aspects that require serious engagement from all of us.

    Our book, Technology and Analytics, co-edited with Professor Nomesh Bholia, the head of the center at IIT Delhi, who has done significant work on operations research and optimization, addresses these issues. The efficiency of court functioning is an area that needs substantial improvement, and techniques from other sectors need to be brought into the justice system. The journey of writing this book was fantastic, and it includes some excellent chapters.

    Many people are aware of the impact of technology, but fewer understand the importance of analytics. We have consciously used the term “analytics” instead of “artificial intelligence” because the latter can seem somewhat conceited. Some experts we consulted recommended using the terms “algorithms” or “analytics,” which is why we chose the latter. I hope readers will pick up the book to understand the reasoning behind this choice.

    Sir, considering the various approaches, particularly the citizen-centric approach you’ve mentioned, it’s evident that this perspective would lead to a different way of handling the transition within the legal system. Your background is primarily in the corporate sector, and you have extensive experience in tax controversy management, a very unique and niche field.

    How have these experiences shaped your views and approach in embracing a citizen-centric perspective? It’s quite distinct, transitioning from a corporate background to an NGO setting and adopting that mindset. How have you managed that transition? We would love to hear your thoughts on this.

    I was fortunate that the leadership at DAKSH at that time found it appropriate to give me the opportunity to be here. However, the thought process was seeded much earlier when I was in a corporate role where we had to manage a lot of complicated litigation.

    We had these trackers and Excel sheets with case numbers, years, dispute amounts, chances of failure or success, next hearing dates, and the expected final outcomes. You would jump onto a call with large companies, speak with management, and they would ask, “Okay, when is this matter likely to end?” I understood why they needed to ask, but the reality was that I didn’t really know when it would end, because that’s the nature of the Indian justice system. This made me think more deeply about the courts, how they function, and how difficult they are to understand for people unfamiliar with them.

    Fortunately, at that time, I was also taking a course at Takshashila on public policy, where quantitative methods were one of the topics I found particularly interesting. I tried applying these methods and wrote a few blogs using them. Coincidentally, I came across an op-ed in The Hindu by Sudhir Krishnaswamy, who is now the Vice Chancellor of NLS Bangalore. He wrote about the work of a Harvard researcher who pioneered using quantitative methods to study the Indian Supreme Court. I found this very interesting and thought, “Yes, this is exactly what I’m talking about!” He discussed how the distance from Delhi impacts appeal rates, among other things.

    I decided to write a cold email to Professor Sudhir Krishnaswamy. I introduced myself, mentioned that I had read his op-ed, and found it very interesting. I shared that I had some ideas and asked if I could come and discuss them with him. To my surprise, he replied to my email and connected me with his team. I visited them, and we shared ideas. One thing led to another, and I was introduced to the team at DAKSH—Harish and Kishore—who were also working on using quantitative methods to understand the justice system. I started volunteering with DAKSH, which was a big eye-opener for me and helped me gain a more systemic perspective on things.

    At that point, I was contemplating my next career move, and I felt that if something as significant as the Indian justice system needed to be talked about, researched, and studied for the benefit of the nation, then there was no better time than now to do it.

    Around that time, there was also a Law Commission report by Justice A.P. Shah—the 245th Law Commission Report. For the first time, they had extensively used numbers to understand the system. I wondered, “Why hasn’t this been done before? If this is the first such effort, imagine what more can be achieved.” This solidified my decision to move into this field on a full-time basis. So, this is my full-time job now, working on DAKSH projects.

    Sir, you also have worked a lot in advocacy and community building. How do you engage the stakeholders who are involved to drive them into meaningful changes that can be brought in the legal ecosystem in India, as well as worldwide, because India cannot only be seen in a jurisdictional format now, now that we are entering into a digital world, and almost all of the tech-related laws are built on universal laws?

    So how do you see the kind of changes that we are looking forward to and how do you make sure that people understand these things as well?

    It’s not easy at all. I think we all need to start with the expectation that there will be resistance and pushback because the status quo will be disturbed. People will be pushed out of their comfort zones, and existing methods and ways of working will be disrupted. Once we begin the conversation with that expectation, it becomes easier to navigate the next steps.

    The tools—well, it’s wrong to simply call them tools. It’s really about conviction. It’s about communicating convictions, sharing ideas, and figuring out who on the other side connects with them. It’s about listening for echoes in society. While we can do all the planning we want, ultimately, it’s about finding people who resonate with your way of thinking, who share your vision, and who understand that this is a path they need to tread. It’s about recognizing fellow travelers when you see them. So, it’s as much about understanding yourself as it is about understanding others.

    There’s a fantastic line that I sometimes hesitate to use: there are people who claim to be doing advocacy, and then there are people who are actually doing advocacy. Sometimes, those who seem to be doing advocacy really are. When I say advocacy, I don’t mean just advocates and lawyers, but those who are advocating for change in the system. It’s a very fine line to tread, and you have to be humble. You have to be understanding of various perspectives and try to bring as many people along with you as you can. It’s very difficult to say, “I did this, and therefore this happened.” That linear equation does not exist, especially in society and particularly in the field of law and justice, which is just one subsystem within the larger complex adaptive system that is society. To claim that one action directly led to another is a very tenuous argument. It’s possible, and if you’re lucky, it might happen. I can clearly say I’ve been fortunate to have been part of some of these moments, but it doesn’t happen to everyone or every time.

    In that context, given the global surge in using technology across everything, India cannot remain isolated. India will have to learn how to adapt to this situation. I believe there’s a strong case for India to take the lead in many areas. Many countries recognize this, and we’ve seen this with initiatives like UPI and DPI—other countries are now waking up to the fact that there are newer ways of building systems that can benefit society at large. India should strive to take the lead in many of these domains, particularly in law and justice, where I believe we have a huge opportunity, especially given that developments in other countries are not very encouraging from an overall social perspective.

    I guess sir, India is the front-runner when it comes to AI and its usage in social upliftment.

    That’s what I understand from the ethical perspective and the think tanks with whom I’m involved. I would like to ask that question also, if you allow me to, that since we are front runners in terms of ethics, morality, and spirituality, and we are trying to understand these concepts and the world is trying to understand it as well, along with us.

    How do you see that this is going to take us as a country as a legal framework? And how do you see that society is catching up to it? Because law as always has been told everywhere that it catches up with technology, but technology runs forward. Do you see any time sooner that we will be having similar kinds of laws, which will be much more enforceable, even without a lot of gaps?

    Because researchers are going on to understand how these things are going to take shape when it comes to, let’s say, driverless cars. And given the kind of population that we have, will that become a reality anytime soon for us with obviously all the implications?

    I would break that question into two parts: how does law catch up with technology? And more generally, how does law catch up at all? In India, we haven’t been particularly strong in adapting law to technology. We’ve been reactive, very reactive. As you rightly pointed out, this reactivity is common in most countries, but it’s fair to say that we might even be lagging behind many other countries in this regard.

    If I were to make an educated guess, I would say that where laws directly impact citizens on a personal level, we will see legislation emerge more quickly, whether it’s related to health, food, or other immediate concerns. Take the example of BT cotton; you’ll recall the significant pushback against it. So, when we talk about technology, we need to use the term more broadly, including areas like our environment.

    In some cases, you will see more direct resistance and quicker legislative action. But where the impact of technology is more removed from individuals—one or two steps away—you’re likely to see a slower response. This brings me to the broader issue of laws being reactive to social expectations. Social norms, conventions, and practices eventually need to be translated into law.

    However, I believe that feedback loop is not very strong in India. It’s often either the government preemptively making decisions or interest groups pushing their agendas. The general lawmaking process in our democracy hasn’t fully matured. There’s a lack of widespread consultations, and we rarely see solid research reports backing the introduction of new laws. There’s also little study on the impact of existing laws.

    This is why I predicted earlier that when laws affect individuals personally, election cycles will ensure a quicker response. But in other areas, the pushback might be slower. This isn’t necessarily good or bad, but it’s something we need to be mindful of. As a society, we should think critically about the processes and mechanisms we need to strengthen to meet societal expectations.

    How do you view the new generation of learners entering both the legal and technology fields? With technology law now becoming a significant reality in India, what advice would you give to these new entrants? What kind of plan or timeline should they consider? How should they approach their careers, especially considering that our legal system is evolving and the movement towards technology is gaining momentum?

    We would love to hear your suggestions on how these newcomers can get acquainted with these changes. How do you see these new norms coming into play, and how can everyone adapt to the integration of technology into the legal field?

    Actually, I think this is a very good question. We’ve been trying to think about a curriculum or a reading list aimed at bringing lawyers together, and I believe it’s best to start with where you are. Any person joining law school today has already been using mobile devices for the last three to five years.

    So, begin with that. What laws govern WhatsApp? What are the legal rules around posts on WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter? If I create a post on Instagram, what material can I use? What laws govern that material? If I tag someone, and it’s not a very nice tag, what are the consequences for me?

    I would urge law students who are entering the course to start with these daily experiences and build from there. If they are curious, keen, and diligent, it will naturally lead them to understand constitutional rights and institutional mechanisms. But starting with something as simple as breaking down the mechanics of a mobile phone is essential.

    I wouldn’t recommend textbooks or other formal books, especially for this purpose. Start with your experiences. For example, when you do a Paytm or UPI transaction, what are your rights if it doesn’t go through? If there’s a dispute, what are the mechanisms available?

    I believe that thinking along these lines will be far more educational than compiling a list of textbooks and research articles.

    The practical perspective you’re suggesting often raises the question: the way we are educated and the way we are trained in practical life are two completely different worlds. Once we step out of college, we realize we’re entering a new world, and we have to learn everything from scratch.

    Sir, you’ve always been busy developing your career and contributing to societal systems. But outside of these professional endeavors, what personal hobbies or interests do you have? How do you balance these with your busy legal and corporate life?

    I have always made time for my interests, and I encourage everyone to dedicate time to something beyond their professional life—something just for themselves, something that nourishes the soul and the body. It’s super important to keep that priority straight.

    Recently, I’ve discovered the benefits of physical activity—maybe it’s age catching up with me—but I’ve taken up swimming, and I strongly encourage as many people as possible to do the same. Aside from that, I’m really into reading books. Sometimes it feels fashionable to say that, but I read books that can’t be finished—and I mean that in a good way. The classics, which you can keep revisiting at any time. I read a lot of classical Indian literature in Kannada, Sanskrit, and English.

    I also read many traditional Indian texts, which I find very useful. Art and music are big parts of my life as well. I’m open to all types of music, and it plays a significant role in helping me unwind and shift my mood, depending on how the day goes. I think music is an important element to have handy—you never know when you’ll need it.


    Wow, sir, you are so humble in sharing these insights. Considering how lawyers typically unwind, especially the new entrants I’ve interacted with—they often wonder how anyone finds time for hobbies when they’re focused on earning a living. I sometimes struggle to answer when they ask how they can make time for such things.

    Given that, what suggestions do you have for the new generation of legal professionals and researchers who are eager to make a meaningful impact in this field but feel restricted by various challenges? How can they find new ways of learning and approaching life and their careers?

    I think it’s a very important point, and something I’ve recently been considering more deeply. There isn’t a straightforward answer, as a lawyer’s income depends significantly on the domain they work in. If that domain is thriving, clients will naturally be able to meet the needs of the lawyers. For instance, if you work on high-level transactions like corporate M&A, you will generally be compensated more. Conversely, if you’re involved in areas less relevant to current major deals, your income will reflect the section of society and the economy you are serving.

    It’s crucial to understand that the fees you earn from traditional advisory work are influenced by the economic sector you serve, which also has its own business cycles. What was highly lucrative two decades ago might not be as appealing now. Therefore, I believe there’s an oversupply of law graduates in the market. While they are highly skilled and intelligent, it’s important to build additional skills adjacent to legal expertise. For example, writing skills can be valuable in various roles, logical thinking can be applied in numerous situations, and crafting arguments can be useful in diverse contexts.

    I would strongly recommend exploring how these skills might transfer to other domains. Many legally trained professionals have succeeded in other sectors, demonstrating the applicability of their legal training beyond traditional legal roles. For instance, having a deep understanding of constitutional law provides a unique perspective on how institutions function, which is a valuable skill that can be applied in many other areas.

    I don’t claim to have fully answered your question, but I can honestly say that I would advise my child, if they chose to pursue law, to view it as a means to learn how to learn, rather than committing to a lifelong career in law. If a career in law happens, that’s great, but it’s also important to be open to applying the skills learned to different situations and continuing to grow.

    Wow, Sir! You answered the question in a nuanced way, and your suggestions are absolutely fascinating. Choosing wisely is crucial. Looking ahead, and without taking much more of your time. Could you share what you see as the most pressing challenges or opportunities in India’s journey toward a more equitable and efficient judicial system? How do you plan to address these with your involvement with so many prominent organizations in India?

    I have no doubt that it is only by coming together that we can make a difference. The path forward for all of us is to identify and connect with a purpose larger than ourselves. As a nation and as a society, we have reached a point where our basic needs are, to a large extent, fulfilled for many people.

    As lawyers, it is crucial to identify a purpose beyond oneself and strive to achieve it. This could involve advocating for particular rights, making courts and laws more accessible, or increasing public awareness about possible legal actions and legal aid.

    Consider what you can contribute and remember that this mindset is valuable in corporate settings as well. When legal opinions are sought for business purposes, keeping the larger context in mind is essential. Without this perspective, legal advice may remain a mere pedantic exercise. Identifying and connecting with a larger purpose is vital for future generations and for everyone.

    I strongly recommend finding a group of people who share similar values and becoming part of that community. At DAKSH, we are engaged in many interesting projects and look forward to collaborating with others who share our enthusiasm for these initiatives.

    Whether as professionals, young professionals, or students, there is much to be done collectively. Our journey has only just begun, and we have numerous ideas for what could be accomplished. I am happy to share these ideas with those who are interested.

    Thank you so much, sir, for your thoughtful interview and for extending an invitation for us to connect and build our own community to better serve society. Once again, thank you for your time and for listening to us. I’m your host, Divya Dwivedi, and I extend my gratitude to Surya Prakash sir for being here and giving us so much of your time.

    Thank You

    Get in touch with Surya Prakash B S-

  • “The essence of economic legislations was fed into my mind, and I kept on working over the same. The challenges in high-profile cases demand patience, integrity, and the preservation of client confidence.” – Vinay Jalan, Principal Managing Partner at O.P Jalan & Associates Consultants LLP

    “The essence of economic legislations was fed into my mind, and I kept on working over the same. The challenges in high-profile cases demand patience, integrity, and the preservation of client confidence.” – Vinay Jalan, Principal Managing Partner at O.P Jalan & Associates Consultants LLP

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Can you share how you started your career and what motivated you to specialize in economic legislation and taxation? 

    I belong to a family of lawyers but I had shifted to Delhi and had been working with  Corporate after completing my Company Secretaryship. The essence of economic legislations was interestingly fed into my mind and I kept on working over the same. My Father Late O. P. Jalan who was working as a Lawyer at Ranchi had a very decent practice in Taxation. In 1991 he suffered from a heart attack which led to open heart bypass surgery, after which he left his practice I took over the same and that motivated me to specialize in economic legislation and taxation. I started my practice with my appearances before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal and took up complicated search matters. These cases created many points of fact and questions of law making the practice interesting for me. 

    You have defended many high-profile cases, including nationally known raid cases. Could you please describe one such case and the unique challenges you faced during its resolution?  

    There have been many interesting high-profile cases that I cannot disclose by name due to the importance of maintaining professional confidentiality. However, one significant case where I faced unique challenges involved the seizure of a shipment of jeera by the Income Tax Authorities in Gujarat. This seizure raised several critical questions:

    1. Should perishable goods be seized by the Income Tax Authorities?
    2. If such goods are seized and subsequently damaged, will the government bear the resulting losses?
    3. In cases where the goods are partially purchased on credit, would the government assume responsibility for payment to the creditors? Additionally, how would the severe loss of goodwill be compensated?

    The decision by the Gujarat High Court in this matter, which led to a clarification by the CBDT directing the Directorate of Income Tax Investigation not to seize stock-in-trade, was widely appreciated. The challenges during this period were enormous. Authorities wield significant power, and it requires great patience to maintain the essence of the subject at hand. A major challenge is preserving the client’s confidence, which can often be shaken by external factors and rivalries. Each situation demands a unique solution to address these issues. To navigate such complexities, maintaining the integrity and essence of the profession, along with the values of purposive construction, is essential.

    As the Principal Managing Partner at O. P. Jalan & Associates Consultants LLP, how have  you steered the firm to its current standing, and what strategies have you implemented  to ensure its success? 

    I trust God and the values that the legal profession has. When I started this practice I preferred giving the same value to my associates whom I always respected,  taught and trusted. In 33 years we have been conducting classes every week explaining the factual propositions combining them with the purposive interpretations. The value of team members has always been appreciated and rewarded and in return, my associates have been with me always. We have one of the lowest switch-over of our colleagues who join us and become our part. This is our major strategy of success. 

    You lead a diverse team of chartered accountants, company secretaries, lawyers, and cost accountants. What are the key challenges and rewards of managing such a multidisciplinary team? 

    Taxation, Direct & Indirect, Corporate, Economic Laws and Governance along with compliances require a diverse team and to have an in-house team with the interest of each person served, it becomes very simple for a coordinated approach to give results to the clients and command faith over the authorities. Leading a team with diverse interests becomes simple if the due given by each professional is appreciated and he is given the freedom to exploit himself for the best. This helps lead the diverse team. Challenges do come but they are resolved when the interest of each other is not compromised. It is not difficult to manage a multi-disciplinary team if a selfless approach is taken. 

    What advice would you give to young legal professionals who aspire to specialize in taxation and corporate law? Are there any specific skills or experiences you believe are  crucial for success? 

    The most important advice I give to young professionals is not to focus solely on mere compliance but to understand the reasons behind why such compliances are required. In the field of law, advertisement and marketing are prohibited. I would advise young professionals to uphold the ethics of the profession and grow with the right values. The specific skills or experiences I emphasize include having an up-to-date knowledge of the economy and finances at the local, state, and national levels, and maintaining the right balance.

    How do you balance your demanding professional life with your interests and  hobbies? Can you share any particular hobby or interest that helps you unwind and stay  motivated?  

    As one grows with the profession, the number of hours spent in the profession plus the sleep reduces the time for one’s interests or hobbies, but to balance the professional life one of the most important hobbies that I have is my regular morning and evening meditation which I never let skip. I look at the personal interests of my colleagues and in turn, my colleagues always take care of what I intend to do. Apart from this my interest lies in a bit of writing and a bit of teaching which I always do, that helps me unwind and stay motivated. 

    You have been involved in preparing various policy matters and representations before  government authorities. Can you discuss a significant policy change you influenced and  its impact on the legal and business community? 

    Many policy changes have been done through our efforts but in the current budget bringing back the Block Assessment in search matter has been a very significant policy change. The impact of this is a substantial reduction of litigation costs and harassment where a person is searched. This policy change also helps the constitution of ease of doing business in the business community. If you read my notes on LinkedIn, my contention would be held to be correct. 

    What do you envision for the future of legal services, especially in the realm of economic legislation and taxation? How do you think legal professionals can prepare for upcoming challenges and opportunities in this field? 

    The future of legal services in the realm of economic legislation and taxation is undergoing rapid change, as the economy is evolving very quickly, and interpretations of the law are also shifting with time. With the growth of the economy, legal professionals must work as a team, reducing individual interests. This can only be achieved if business opportunities are viewed as opportunities for the entire team. The team manager should consistently share knowledge and bring in new talent to stay updated and be part of this growth.

    You started your career after completing your CS and later pursued an LL.B in 2011.  What motivated you to pursue an additional law degree at that stage in your career, and  how has it enhanced your professional expertise and practice? 

    I began my career as a Company Secretary, a role I consider to be fundamentally responsible for overseeing the economic legislations of a company. As an Officer in Default, I took on the critical responsibility of advising the Board of Directors. By 2009, Company Secretaries began to refer to themselves as Compliance Officers, focusing primarily on ensuring statutory compliance. This shift, however, seemed to limit the broader significance of the profession.

    Chartered Accountants (CAs), Company Secretaries (CSs), and Cost Accountants (ICMAs) are all rooted in the law. Coming from a family of lawyers, I decided to pursue a law degree in 2011 to expand my professional scope and appear before the Hon’ble Supreme Court and High Courts. After completing my law degree, I obtained my Certificate of Practice (COP) as a lawyer and transitioned my firm into a multidisciplinary law firm.

    You have been actively involved in economic empowerment through various roles,  including as a founder trustee of DOX and Chapter Chairman of the Institute of Company  Secretaries of India. Please share some insights about these roles of yours and how they  have influenced your professional approach. 

    As mentioned earlier, my father was a lawyer, and my elder brother, Shri Jai Prakash Jalan, was a civil lawyer. My younger brother, Shri Abhimanyu Jalan, is a barrister and a partner at Clyde & Co LLP. My elder brother’s daughter and her husband are also lawyers, working as partners at Khetan & Company in Bombay. My son is an advocate as well, practicing in the Jharkhand High Court as my partner, and in partnership with Blacks & Whites, a law firm.

    We have always believed in the importance of sharing and giving back to society. When our name became established, I thought of fostering a sense of brotherhood among the alumni of my alma mater, St. Xavier’s School, Doranda, Ranchi. To that end, a trust called DOX, comprising around 800 members, was created. This was done to give back to the society that has given us recognition.

    Following this, I took on the Chairmanship of ICSI to promote the profession and inspire aspirants to not only become good professionals but to achieve excellence in their fields. My approach to this institution stems from being part of a joint family of four brothers, where we value each person’s professional acumen by acknowledging their individuality while maintaining a collective vision for the right growth. This philosophy has greatly helped me in keeping my professional agenda and approach intact.

    Get in touch with Vinay Jalan-

  • The law was being developed in real-time, & I thrived on navigating its nuances. This dynamic environment, where I could apply the word & spirit of the law & provide practical, often creative solutions, was something I thoroughly enjoyed and loved.” – Aditi Sharma wadhwa, Founder & Partner at WSA Legal

    The law was being developed in real-time, & I thrived on navigating its nuances. This dynamic environment, where I could apply the word & spirit of the law & provide practical, often creative solutions, was something I thoroughly enjoyed and loved.” – Aditi Sharma wadhwa, Founder & Partner at WSA Legal

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Can you share with us your journey into the field of law? What initially inspired or motivated you to pursue this career path?

    My journey into law was less about being a lawyer pr pursuing a career in law and more about pursuing something that I thought might be interesting and engaging to study. And here I was not wrong.  While I was unaware of what the practice of law entailed, I was fascinated by the study of it! I took it up as a challenge and as a way to study something I enjoyed while I took the time to find my “true” career. My love for the field and its practice developed later, as I began to study more and engage with the subject matter in a more practical manner.

    I discovered that I thrived on navigating the nuances of law and developed an analytical outlook on issues. I also found that I would get easily bored when things become monotonous, which is not the case with legal practice. 

    I’m always on the lookout for new challenges and the field I started my law career in (IPR) just happened to be one where things are constantly evolving. I also got to be at the forefront of new technologies and legal issues arising from them. The law was being developed in real-time as real-world problems from compliance and business issues emerged. 

    This dynamic environment, where I could apply the word and spirit of the law and provide practical, often creative solutions, was something I thoroughly enjoyed and loved. This passion has driven me forward for the last 16 years, keeping me engaged and motivated in a constantly evolving legal landscape.

    You’ve had an impressive career trajectory. Could you walk us through some of the key milestones or experiences that shaped your journey in the legal profession?

    Over the years, I have had the chance to explore various fields of law. My outlook as well as my career has been shaped by these diverse experiences and have significantly contributed to my growth as a legal professional. While the initial years of my journey were at a law firm, I have since worked in-house for several years as well. 

    Being at a law firm was quite a rigorous experience in the intellectual and purely legal aspects of my field. This is where I developed technical legal skills, gaining deep insights into Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and understanding how it applied to different fields. 

    The transition to an in-house counsel role was, on the other hand, transformative. It required not only a shift in mindset but also your approach to problems. Working closely with business teams, I learned to integrate legal advice with business objectives, which in my opinion can only make you a more well-rounded practitioner. 

    This experience was incredibly rewarding as it allowed me to view legal issues through a business lens. The opportunity to collaborate with teams from diverse business areas and on multiple projects broadened my understanding of multifaceted legal issues. 

    These experiences naturally steered me in the direction of establishing WSA Legal, a niche practice focusing on IPR, technology, media, and data protection. Additionally, I have a keen interest in legal tech and developing processes that utilise legal acumen to make technological advancements in law. This has led me to work with the brilliant team at Curated LegalTech on developing some amazing legal-tech products. 

    These cumulative experiences have provided me with a broad perspective on the legal field and expertise, but also keep me engaged and fascinated. 

    Many people view law as a challenging and rigorous field. What were some of the challenges you faced early on in your career, and how did you overcome them?

    The practice of law is both challenging and rigorous. Early in my career, one of the primary challenges I faced was the steep learning curve and the demanding nature of legal work. Handling large volumes of work with a high degree of intellectual engagement requires significant time management skills. You need to shift from looking at problems as hurdles and instead embrace a growth mindset.

    Balancing physical and mental well-being in such a demanding field is also important and for most of us, not as easy as it sounds. In this, the role of mentors cannot be understated. They can help you thrive and achieve results even when you doubt yourself. I have been fortunate to have a strong and capable set of mentors and friends to guide me at all stages of my career – whether or not they come from the legal background.

    Again, the change in outlook necessitated shifting to an in-house role was also quite challenging initially. Unlike before, my viewpoint had to expand and incorporate an understanding of business processes and goals into legal advice. You are called upon to be precise in answering complex questions and decisive in the way forward that you guide business in. You need to be engaged with your stakeholders and clients and can overcome these challenges if you grasp the business side and can communicate and collaborate with diverse teams. 

    Your expertise spans across different areas of law. Could you tell us about a particular case or project that you found particularly impactful or memorable in your career?

    One of the most impactful projects in my career involved navigating the complexities of AI and its use by business in a specific area of operation which was earlier broken down into multiple steps and tedious and expensive review. This area was particularly challenging because the law is still in its nascent stages, and there were practically no precedents to guide new practices.

    We had to innovate and provide resolutions, trusting that our advice would stand the test of time. The project required us to create a comprehensive framework, and SOPs and integrate risk mitigation for AI-driven solutions, ensuring compliance with existing laws while anticipating future regulatory developments. This meant developing novel legal strategies and creative solutions from scratch.

    Working on AI from such an early stage was challenging but also incredibly rewarding. This experience also reinforced the value of integrating legal expertise with business strategy and working closely with technical experts, demonstrating that innovative legal solutions can drive business success even in uncharted waters.

    In your opinion, what are some of the essential qualities or skills that aspiring lawyers should cultivate to succeed in today’s legal landscape?

    Aspiring lawyers should cultivate strong analytical skills to navigate complex legal issues, excellent communication abilities to interact effectively with clients and colleagues, adaptability to respond to rapidly changing legal environments, a thorough understanding of technology and its implications on law, and a commitment to continuous learning to stay updated with evolving legal trends and practices.

    The legal profession is known for its continuous evolution. How do you stay updated with the latest developments and trends in your area of expertise?

    Staying updated on legal developments is crucial, but what I find truly enriching is engaging with individuals from diverse fields and gaining their perspectives, regardless of their connection to law. This fosters an open-minded approach and helps anticipate and adapt to changes that keep you at the forefront of your field. These interactions also cultivate a mindset that is innovation-enabling. Additionally, I believe it’s important never to be too proud to seek the guidance of mentors, whose insights and experience can provide invaluable direction in navigating complex challenges and seizing opportunities.

    As someone with substantial experience in the field, what advice would you give to recent law graduates who are just starting their careers?

    I would advise recent law graduates to focus on building a strong foundation of legal knowledge and skills through practical experience. Seek out mentors who can provide guidance and insights based on their experience. Stay curious and continuously seek opportunities to learn and grow professionally. Interacting and building relationships within and outside the legal profession can also be crucial for career development. Lastly, maintain a strong work ethic, integrity, and a commitment to delivering high-quality work—it’s often these qualities that set apart successful lawyers in the long run.

    Get n touch with Aditi Sharma Wadhwa-

  • “Effective leadership doesn’t require being disrespectful or domineering.” – Navigating the journey of a first-generation lawyer and shaping global legal practices, Jyoti Kapoor, Associate Director at ST Telemedia Global Data Centres (India), shares her insights.

    “Effective leadership doesn’t require being disrespectful or domineering.” – Navigating the journey of a first-generation lawyer and shaping global legal practices, Jyoti Kapoor, Associate Director at ST Telemedia Global Data Centres (India), shares her insights.

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Your journey in law began with an inspiration from Hindi movies. How did this fascination shape your career, and what were the initial challenges you faced as a first-generation lawyer?

    From a young age, I was inspired by the portrayal of lawyers in Hindi movies, passionately advocating for justice. This fascination ignited my dream of becoming a lawyer, viewing it as a noble profession where I could make a real difference. These cinematic representations motivated me to pursue a career in law with a vision of being a beacon of hope and justice, much like the heroes on screen.

    One significant challenge I faced was the lack of mentorship. Unlike some of my peers who had family members in the profession, I had to seek out mentors and resources independently. This, however, turned into a strength, making me resilient and resourceful. I learned to leverage every opportunity for learning and growth, from internships to networking events. 

    Entering the professional world meant proving myself in a highly competitive environment. As a first-generation lawyer, I had to work twice as hard to establish my credibility and demonstrate my skills. The early stages of my career were marked by long hours, continuous learning, and a relentless drive to excel.

    Despite these challenges, my journey has taught me the value of perseverance, hard work, and the importance of building strong professional relationships, which have been instrumental in my growth and success as a lawyer.

    You started your career at a leading publishing company and then transitioned to Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO). What motivated this shift, and how did your experience at Pangea3 influence your professional growth?

    In 2006, as the Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO) industry was rapidly emerging, I saw an opportunity to explore this new field, knowing I could return to litigation if it didn’t meet my expectations.

    I joined Pangea3 with an impressive client base, including top US law firms and some of the world’s largest companies in various sectors. I started in the corporate division where my role was reviewing, summarizing and abstracting technology, finance, and real estate agreements. This role gave me valuable insights into intricate legal transactions, enhancing my understanding of these areas.

    Later, I transitioned to the litigation department, where I got an opportunity to manage teams of high-performing lawyers. Leading a team that critically evaluated and challenged every decision was a unique and challenging experience. We often worked on projects with tight deadlines, requiring long hours, including weekends. Maintaining team spirit and motivation under such high pressure without compromising quality was a formidable task.

    My experience at Pangea3 significantly influenced my professional growth by developing my leadership skills, deepening my understanding of complex legal agreements, and providing me with a global perspective on legal practices.

    Working with stakeholders across the globe has given you a global outlook. Can you share some key insights or experiences that have shaped your understanding of global legal practices?  

    Working with global companies, often involves collaboration with diverse teams, each bringing their frameworks and practices. Establishing trust and rapport with international stakeholders often requires consistent and proactive engagement. During my time managing high-value transactional agreements, I found that regular discussions with an intent to understand the stakeholders’ goals and challenges were key to successful collaboration. There is also need of clear and precise communication as concepts and terminologies can vary significantly between countries. Therefore it’s essential to articulate legal advice in a way that clients and colleagues from different backgrounds easily understand.

    At Maersk, you set up and managed the legal team in India. What were the significant challenges and accomplishments during this period, and how did it enhance your expertise in complex negotiations?  

    One of the key lessons I learned at Maersk was the distinction between setting up a legal team versus managing an established one. My team in Mumbai, including myself, were new hires in the legal department. While my team members often looked to me for guidance, I was also learning alongside them about the work, culture, and policies. However, I was fortunate to receive valuable support from my General Counsel and CFO, who instilled confidence in me and reminded me not to be too hard on myself despite the initial challenges. My team played a crucial role in alleviating much of the pressure.

    As an in-house counsel at Maersk, my role extended beyond just advising and identifying risks to actively negotiating and defending the company’s best interests while closing agreements. The hands-on negotiation experience with the support and mentorship I received, significantly developed my skills and confidence in managing complex legal matters.

    Transitioning to Firmenich, you moved into the sales side of legal work. How did this shift in focus help you grow professionally, and what unique skills did you develop during your time there?  

    At Maersk, I was always in a dominant position representing the procurement team. In contrast, at Firmenich, I needed to be more accommodating to ensure timely deal closures without compromising the company’s interests. Striking the right balance between being aggressive and stepping back when necessary was challenging at first.

    Further, at Firmenich, I had the opportunity to work with Legal Heads for Europe, Asia, and the Americas region. Each one of them had a unique style, allowing me to learn significantly from their diverse approaches. 

    My colleagues and seniors in the legal department were incredibly helpful and supportive, that allowed me to transition from a procurement-focused lawyer to a business-driven counsel. 

    With your vast experience, what advice would you give to current in house legal professionals who are looking to navigate and succeed in the ever-evolving legal landscape?  

    Regardless of whether you are a first-generation lawyer or not, maintaining an open mindset is crucial. Embrace the continuous learning that the legal profession demands. As an in-house counsel, it’s essential to have a comprehensive understanding of your company’s business and the nature of its transactions. This insight enables you to provide relevant and strategic legal advice.

    Never hesitate to ask questions – whether about a transaction, legal concept, or business process. Seeking clarity is key to ensuring that you can offer sound legal advice. 

    Most importantly, cultivate resilience. The legal field can be demanding, and navigating its complexities requires the ability to adapt and persevere through challenges.

    In your opinion, what are the most critical ethical considerations for in-house attorneys, and how do you ensure that these principles are upheld in your daily work?  

    From a young age, I viewed the law as a profession dedicated to justice and integrity. For in-house attorneys, upholding ethical principles such as honesty and transparency is paramount.

    In my practice, I ensure that I present an accurate assessment of risks so that the organization can make informed decisions. I believe in providing clear and honest advice without overselling or exaggerating potential outcomes. If I am uncertain about any aspect of a legal issue, I ask for the necessary time to research and provide a well-informed response.

    Can you share a personal development or mentorship experience that significantly impacted your career trajectory?  

    The mentorship that I received in Maersk was invaluable as I began my career as an in-house counsel. Maersk emphasized the importance of praising in public and reprimanding in private, a principle that has deeply influenced my working style. The company’s zero tolerance for any form of belittlement, regardless of a person’s seniority, reinforced the idea that effective leadership don’t require being disrespectful or domineering.

    The weekly meetings with the General Counsel and CFO were particularly impactful. Their guidance not only boosted my confidence but also equipped me with the skills needed to lead high-performing teams effectively. This experience has been pivotal in my professional development and continues to shape my working style till today.

    As someone with extensive experience, how do you mentor and guide young lawyers entering the field? What key qualities do you believe are essential for their success?

    In India, many career decisions are often influenced by family expectations or the allure of someone else’s success. I will tell all young lawyers that don’t be afraid to take bold steps and embrace opportunities to learn, even if they seem outside your immediate area of expertise rather than simply following someone`s footsteps. While you may get inspiration from people around you,  do remember that you have to pave your path to make the mark. 

    Key qualities for success in this field include curiosity, resilience, and a willingness to continuously learn and adapt. By embracing these qualities and valuing every experience along the way, young lawyers can effectively navigate their careers and achieve long-term success.

    With such a demanding and multifaceted career, how do you unwind and relax? What activities or hobbies help you maintain a healthy work-life balance?  

    The role of an in-house counsel can indeed be demanding and exhausting but a strong family support helps me manage stress effectively.

    For me, travelling serves as a form of therapy. I take at least one vacation each year to explore new places and immerse myself in different experiences. This not only provides a refreshing break but also broadens my perspectives.

    When time permits, I find relaxation in watching movies or web series, particularly those with compelling courtroom drama. It may sound cliche, but engaging with legal dramas allows me to enjoy my passion for the law in a more relaxed setting.

    STT Global Data Centres (“STTGDCI”) is a prominent name in the data centre industry. Could you share more about the company, your role and your experience so far. 

    STT GDC India (4th consecutive winner as Great Place to Work) is one of the leading data centre providers in India and hosts critical business infrastructure for many of the top Fortune 500 companies. 

    I oversee the end-to-end closure of commercial contracts for both the procurement and sales departments. My role also extends to day-to-day advisory services, resolving disputes arising from commercial contracts, and acting as the legal SPOC for regulatory matters related to sales contracts. In the past, I supported real estate transactions and handled customer recovery.

    At STT Global Data Centres, I’ve had an incredible experience of working in a fast-paced, high-growth industry. My team and colleagues are extremely helpful and are willing to lend support whenever needed. My General Counsel has been instrumental in my development so far. He cultivates a positive and supportive work environment within the team. His management style is flexible, and he doesn’t believe in micromanaging, which instils confidence and allows me the autonomy to handle situations with a greater sense of responsibility. 

    Get in touch with Jyoti Kapoor –

  • “Litigation is where my true passion lies. My journey in law has been one of continuous growth and learning, each step a testament to my dedication and commitment.” – Shubham Mahajan, Founding Partner of MMA Associates & Senior Panel Counsel for the Union of India

    “Litigation is where my true passion lies. My journey in law has been one of continuous growth and learning, each step a testament to my dedication and commitment.” – Shubham Mahajan, Founding Partner of MMA Associates & Senior Panel Counsel for the Union of India

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Can you share the story of how you started your career in law and the journey that led you to become the Founding Partner of MMA Associates and a Senior Panel Counsel for the Union of India?

    Incipiently, my father encouraged me to pursue judicial services, however as I delved deeper into the field, I realized that litigation was where my true passion lay. Thereafter, I started my law career as an associate Advocate at Ahlawat & Associates, whereby I was afforded opportunities to appear before CAT and DHC, gaining valuable experience in service matters. Following this, I worked as a law researcher with former judge of Delhi High Court Justice VK Jain. This experience broadened my perspective on legal research and judicial reasoning, further solidifying my commitment to the field. After completion of this role, I joined SKV Associates where I specialized in consumer law and appeared in all the DCDRC’s throughout Delhi, SCDRC and NCDRC.

    The next significant phase of my career was at ASA Legal Services LLP, where I joined as a senior litigation associate and after working there for a considerable period of 6 years, whereby I honed skills in litigation and advocacy, which prepared me for the next big step i.e. venturing into private practice. Founding MMA Associates was a natural progression in my career. It allowed me to bring together my experiences and insights to build a practice that prioritizes client-centric solutions and innovative legal strategies. Concurrently, I was honored to be nominated as one of the senior panel counsel to represent the Union of India, a role that has been both challenging and rewarding. In essence, my journey in law has been one of continuous growth and learning and each step has been a testament to my dedication and passion for the legal profession.

    With your extensive experience in handling a wide range of disputes, can you discuss a particularly complex case you worked on and the innovative strategies you employed to achieve a favorable outcome?

    In my career of 14 years, I have encountered numerous cases involving complex issues, however, most recently, in the capacity of a nominated counsel, I received an opportunity to represent the Hon’ble Delhi High Court in a complex matter (Karan S.Thukral versus Registrar Delhi High Court & Ors, WP(C) 6082/2019) which changed the landscape of how filings are done in all District courts in and around Delhi NCR. During the course of the matter, I embarked on an extensive study and research of the existing procedures, including the various modes and manners of filing, record-keeping, and the operational constraints faced by the courts. I delved into understanding the issues related to manpower shortage, space limitations, and how these factors affected the efficiency of the judicial process.

    This experience reinforced my belief that the only strategy that is fruitful, is to ensure that there are no short cuts being employed and irrespective of what the eventual outcome is, one is working in such a manner that at all times the best foot is being put forward and 100 Percent is being given.

    As a nominated counsel for the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi, can you share some insights into the unique challenges and responsibilities that come with representing such a prestigious institution?

    Being a nominated counsel does come with its own share of responsibilities and challenges. One of the unique challenges in this role is the need to coordinate and communicate with multiple departments, to arrive at most appropriate solution.

    Another key responsibility is to present these solutions before the Hon’ble Court, ensuring the same are both legally sound and practically feasible. This involves extensive research, thorough preparation, and a careful balancing of interests to ensure that the recommendations align with the broader objectives of the judiciary as well as public interests.

    Additionally, representing such a prestigious institution demands a high level of professionalism and integrity. There is an expectation to uphold the values and standards of the court, which means being meticulous in your work, transparent in your dealings, and dedicated to achieving fair and just outcomes.

    You have authored a book titled “A Girl with Brain Tumour – A Story with a Happy Ending” How has your passion for writing influenced your legal career, and what inspired you to write this book?

    I am a cancer survivor. I was detected with brain cancer in 2019, which was a life-altering experience. My purpose to write this book was to educate people at large about the term “brain tumor” and how one can come out of it victorious. I felt a deep need to share my story, not just to chronicle the challenges and triumphs I faced, but also to offer hope and guidance to others who may be going through similar battles. I wanted to convey that, despite the odds, it’s possible to emerge victorious. Writing this book has been a therapeutic and empowering experience, allowing me to connect with readers on a personal level and inspire them with a message of hope and perseverance.

    As someone who has transitioned from being a Legal Researcher to a Founding Partner, what key lessons did you learn early in your career that continue to influence your professional decisions today?

    At the very early juncture of my career, I fathomed that a litigating lawyer needs to be a very patient individual and a very good listener. Patience and being a good listener go hand in hand, which gives you enough fuel to understand the perspective of the client and enables you to resolve the respective issue involved. Often as Litigators we come across client(s) whose sole desire is that their version of the issue/lis/dispute be heard and understood by their Advocate and once their counsel listens to them is gives them immense satisfaction.

    What advice would you give to young lawyers who aspire to have a diverse practice area like yours? How should they approach building a career that spans multiple legal disciplines?

    My advice would be to grab every opportunity to work with different firms/advocates/senior advocates during the nascent stage of their career in order to understand/fathom their inclination/path in a particular field of law. They should embrace versatility and remain open to exploring the various fields of law. Irrespective of what task you have been assigned be it inspecting a Researching Judgments, Inspecting Court Records, Assisting the Clerk(s) etc. consider the same as an opportunity to gain knowledge. Start by gaining experience in different practice areas, even if they don’t initially seem to align with your long-term goals. This exposure will broaden your knowledge base and help you discover your strengths and interests. No work is small or big, this is the golden period for budding lawyers and they should try their hand at everything and with time they will understand in which way they want to proceed. Furthermore, if a first generation lawyer like me can do it, then you also can do it but by being curious, adaptable, and willing to learn, which shall enable you to build a career that is both diverse and fulfilling.

    Given the current legal trends, what areas of law do you believe will become more prominent in the next decade, and how should legal professionals prepare for these changes?

    I believe that the concept of Mediation/Conciliation and other forms of ADR will become prominent, and more and more litigants instead of filing the case in respective courts, would pivot towards resolving disputes amicably with the help of legal mechanisms provided under law such as Mediation/Samadhan centers/Online Dispute Resolution Platforms established in each and every court.

    Furthermore, with the advent and advancement of Technology in the recent times in the field of law, we have to embrace the same and be adept enough to inculcate it in our work environment.

    How do you balance your demanding legal career with your personal passions? Please share some of your interests other than profession. How do these interests influence your professional life?

    Personally, I think too much is made out of work life balance, there are days when your work has to be your absolute priority and you wouldn’t want to be any other place apart from your work, whereas there are times when one can afford some down time and do things apart from work, for me personally whenever I get the time I like to travel and explore new places. Movies are also a big interest of mine particularly thrillers and crime dramas, I also like to dance a bit and whenever I can, I like to indulge in it.

    If you could bring about one change in the Indian legal system, what would it be and why? How do you believe this change would benefit the legal community and society as a whole?

    The one change I would want in Indian legal system is to recruit more efficient manpower, on both judicial and administrative side, in order to streamline the pending cases which leads to delayed justice. This change would benefit the legal community by reducing the pressure on existing judges and court staff, allowing them to focus more effectively on each case. It would also lead to more timely justice for litigants, which is crucial for maintaining trust in the legal system. Simultaneously, digitalizing court processes—such as e-filing, virtual hearings, and electronic case management—would streamline procedures, enhance accessibility, and reduce delays.

    This change would benefit the legal community by easing the strain on personnel and improving case handling efficiency. For society, it would mean faster access to justice, reduced case delays, and a more transparent legal system. Digitalization would also make it easier for people to interact with the court system remotely, making justice more accessible and reducing the need for physical presence in courtrooms.

    MMA Associates offers a wealth of experience and expertise. Are there internship or mentorship opportunities available at your firm for aspiring legal professionals, and how can one approach you for such opportunities?

    Yes. Any interested lawyer/law student can approach us at mmatassociates@gmail.com

    Get in touch with Shubham Mahajan-

  • “Justice should not only be done, it should also be seen to be done” – Vishal Khattar, Founder at Patine Law Offices, Additional Advocate General, State of Haryana

    “Justice should not only be done, it should also be seen to be done” – Vishal Khattar, Founder at Patine Law Offices, Additional Advocate General, State of Haryana

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Hello and welcome to another episode of Super Lawyer. Today, we have with us esteemed advocate Vishal Khattar, who is the founder of Patine Law Offices in New Delhi. He is also the Additional Advocate General for the State of Haryana at the Supreme Court of India. Welcome, sir, to our episode. Thank you for accepting our invitation and for being here.

    Let’s start our journey of questions and answers in a more conversational manner. Sir, I would like to begin with a very basic question. When you decided to become a lawyer, how was that journey? What kind of challenges did you encounter when you started focusing on this career for yourself?

    Just a small correction: the office goes by the name of Patine Law Offices. Now, I understand it’s a unique name. I attended a school where the alumni are called Patines, so out of dedication and affection for my school, I decided to name the office after it.

    I’ve been a debater throughout my time in school and college, participating in several debates and declamation competitions. I earned some good distinctions and ranks in those competitions. As a result, one day, my principal—Mr. BBS Pathania, a great man—told me, “You will become a good lawyer.” However, being from a small town, the challenge was that I scored high marks in my matriculation exams, and since I was among the top students in the state at that time, my father’s expectations shifted. He wanted me to become a doctor.

    I was a medical student in school, but despite my best efforts, I couldn’t make it to medical college. There were three colleges in my city, Rohtak: one for B. Pharmacy, one for MBA, and one for law. To avoid wasting a year, I applied to all three. When I didn’t get into medical college, I was accepted into all three of these institutions. Initially, I planned to pursue an MBA, but after discussing it with my principal, who advised me to go to law school, I decided to study law. He assured me that I wouldn’t regret the decision, and I believe he was absolutely right.

    So, I chose to study law because I had an interest in it from the beginning, and it turned out well. I completed my five-year law degree at Maharshi Dayanand University in Rohtak. From my third year, I started interning in Delhi, and since then, I’ve been working here.

    Sir, it definitely worked out for you. It seems the path was paved by your faculty, but you’ve made a huge name for yourself.

    I was fortunate to be taught and guided by such learned teachers, my professors, and lecturers. I frequently visit my college to mentor students. They often ask, “Vishal, why don’t you come here more often?” I jokingly reply, “It’s because of all the extra blessings you’ve given me that I’m so busy. If you reduce your blessings, I’ll start coming more often.”

    I did my final-year internship with a very good organization—sometimes called the most preferred employer in the world—General Electric (GE). They have a finance division here called GE Countrywide, and after my internship, they offered me a job. At that time, it was quite rare for my college to receive such offers, so it was a big deal.

    In fact, it was the first campus placement offer received by our department. I joined GE as a legal analyst, though it was a contractual position. During one of the court proceedings, I was noticed by a professional who referred me to ICICI Bank. Early in my career, I joined ICICI Bank as the State Head Legal for Punjab and Chandigarh.

    I gained experience with corporates, working at ICICI Bank and later with Tata Capital, where I was responsible for their North India legal operations. However, I never intended to pursue a lifelong career in the corporate sector, so I eventually decided to return to practice.

    Sir, with such a trajectory in your career, when did you decide to start Patine Law Offices? What was the inspiration behind its establishment? What exactly sets it apart from others in the legal landscape? Additionally, if possible, we would request you to share some of the challenges and successes you’ve encountered.

    See, If I talk about motivation, it always comes when there is a loophole in the system that you want to fill or a need in the industry. In the legal fraternity, we don’t use words like ‘market’ or ‘industry,’ but obviously, the driving and limiting factors are the same. However, I always believe in focusing on the positive aspects. There were good things happening, and we were part of those good things. So, we wanted to start something good on our own. It’s time that we should get independent. I should get independent.

    So, we decided to start Patine Law Offices. The name ‘Patine’ and the email ID for Patine Law Offices were things I had already created during my final year. It was clear in my mind that every lawyer wants to be independent. We were just waiting for the right time, when we had some clients who could entrust us with work.

    We started Patine Law Offices with a small 300 square foot office. Slowly, we have been able to serve clients from both corporate and non-corporate. We have a reasonable number of practice cases from non-corporate clients, as well as from corporates. In the corporate sector, we are involved in finance, banking, Fintech, and then also in the automobile industry. We have some e-commerce clients, and now we’ve started working in FMCG as well. Being a first-generation lawyer, I had to hustle for every client and for every bit of learning.

    About six months ago, we started some operations in the UAE as well. We’re working for two clients in Dubai—one is a Fintech client, and the other is in renewable energy. So, we’ve started working for them as well. Every benchmark we’ve reached has been a story of hustle for us.

    But I believe every first-generation lawyer has to go through that. You have to keep learning, reading, and seeking references every time. You’ll face rejections because clients tend to go for big names. This is a trend in our industry.

    It’s like when you want to go for a bypass surgery, you’ll always ask who’s the best doctor. No one asks for a doctor who’s available; they want the best. The same principle applies to some extent in our profession—clients want big lawyers. But you have to find those who can trust you.

    We were fortunate to find some clients who trusted us. Some corporate officers who had worked with me at that time knew how I performed, and somehow, things worked out.

    So, sir, given this fact, you are holding currently, a very esteemed office of being an Additional Advocate General for the state of Haryana, at the Supreme Court of India, which in itself is one of the very prestigious things.

    We would request you to shed some light on this particular role and the insights related to the responsibilities and how do you face the challenges, what kind of things do you do over there because that also will become an aspiration for learners as well.

    For a litigation lawyer, it’s a very important milestone to have the opportunity at some point in their career to work for a public undertaking or the government.

    When we talk about government panels or government cases, the documents, orders, laws, working methods, protocols, and hierarchy—these are things you can only learn when you start working for them. Like any other litigation lawyer, I was also looking for such opportunities.

    So, when this position was advertised, I applied for it. I was fortunate enough to be appointed as one of the nine Additional Advocates General (AGs) for Haryana. My role involves handling cases in the Supreme Court.

    So in these cases, in government work, there is a well-organized structure. Duties are well-defined, protocols are clear, and there is a very detailed bureaucratic structure. The protocols, documents, and their implementation are all clearly laid out. This makes it a great learning experience for any litigation lawyer working on a panel. Every case comes with its own challenges.

    Sometimes, students or juniors who are close to us ask very genuine questions. They often ask, ‘What is the main challenge? How long will it take for me to become a good lawyer? How long will it take to become an independent lawyer?’ I remember something I learned from a senior at the Delhi High Court.

    When I used to sit in the canteen, feeling worried, he would come up to me. Once, I remember discussing my concerns with him. He asked me, ‘What happened? You look very upset. What’s on your mind?’ It was 5:30 p.m. at the Delhi High Court. I told him, ‘I’ve been working so hard for two years, and though I’m earning, it’s not what I hear from seniors—about getting many cases, high fees, and having a good office.

    He told me, ‘Look, our legal profession is not like an aircraft; it’s like a train. In a train, you have to stay on track. There’s no provision for overtaking. If you try to overtake, you’ll have an accident. There’s no going faster than your schedule, because if you do, you risk an accident. And if you slow down, someone will hit you from behind. All you can do is stay on time and keep moving. This is how a train operates, and this is how our profession works too.

    Every day, you need to start at the same time, reach the courts on time, meet your clients properly, meet your deadlines, and do your research timely. If there’s a new law coming in, give extra time to study it. You need to keep improving. If you follow this schedule, just like a train, that’s how you’ll succeed in this profession.

    And believe me,’ he said, ‘believe me, Khattar, every station will come. If you stay on track, you’ll reach every station.’ From this, I understood that perseverance is essential in this profession. You need to be consistent, regular, sincere, and disciplined. Whatever benchmarks are set for any professional lawyer, you will achieve them.

     You know, my first mentor in Delhi was a Special Public Prosecutor. He used to speak to me in Punjabi and would say, ‘Khattar, you should know how to work, and then you should get work too. So these are the raw standard things we have learned from our seniors.

    Absolutely beautiful standards and tried-and-tested tracks. The way they have taught you— ‘Kaam aana bhi chahiye aur kaam milna bhi chahiye’—is an absolute gem. Even running like a train is fascinating. But sir, you were ready to accept that as well, which is very important when someone is teaching or guiding you.

    You took it as a challenge to follow this, and I believe that has probably been a key factor in your success. Sir, with all of this in mind and knowing that you specialize in constitutional law, what kind of thought process do you observe in the current generation? Since you encounter many individuals joining you as interns or juniors, how do you guide, train, or mentor them to contribute meaningfully to legal reforms and societal progress, particularly through constitutional law matters?”

    Over time, as we began receiving more work related to commercial and marketing law, our main focus shifted to handling contractual and commercial cases—what we often refer to as ‘bread and butter.’ However, constitutional law has always been my favorite subject.

    Whenever we receive a brief involving a constitutional issue or aspect, I make sure to keep that brief on my table and not delegate it to anyone else. This is a very good question and one of my favorite topics of discussion with new joiners in my firm. This perspective is something I learned from one of the great mentors I had.

    He once quoted some lines from the Bhagavad Gita, telling me, ‘You are part of a bigger system. This bigger system means you are contributing to something larger.’ Let’s consider it in a straightforward way: A person whose rights have been infringed—whether by a family member, a government agency, or a private company—is unable to get what he rightfully deserves. He goes to a lawyer, and what does the lawyer do? The lawyer ensures that his case is presented correctly before the judge, and that justice is delivered to him. And not just justice, but meaningful justice—justice that is also executable.

    As they say, justice should not only be done; it should also be seen to be done. So, justice shouldn’t only be on paper. This is what a lawyer does for such a person. If society is suffering from injustice, it is you who are ensuring, through your professional advice and service, that justice is imparted.

    When justice is imparted, it restores balance. A society only survives and sustains itself when balance is maintained. Without balance, society will not survive for long; it will become chaotic. Therefore, young lawyers must understand that you are not entering this profession solely for its glamour or money.

    You are not entering this profession just to become a good advocate. You must also realize that you are becoming part of a bigger system, and you will contribute to maintaining balance in society. The key to that balance, in this country, is our Constitution. You need to have trust in our Constitution.

    You need to have trust in your country. Cursing the Constitution or the country won’t help. What helps society is having trust in the Constitution. The best thing the Indian Constitution provides is balance in society.

    For the weaker sections of society, it strengthens them. For those who wish to speak for themselves, it empowers them. For those with different opinions, it empowers them as well. For state authorities and bodies that wish to work, it gives duties to the citizens toward those authorities.

    It is a balance: you have rights, and you have duties. So, trust the Constitution. If you are able to work on and win some constitutional cases in the form of writs or public interest litigations, and make a difference through the orders you obtain from these petitions, you will be performing your duties in a more meaningful way.

    Unlike many other constitutions that focus primarily on rights without emphasizing duties, ours strikes a balance. I may be wrong, sir, but that’s my understanding of our Constitution. The passion you’ve shown is overwhelming for me, especially when you discuss these matters with young lawyers. They also need to connect with societal progress as you do, giving back to society.

    Sir, how do you involve or engage young lawyers, and how do you advise them on handling cross-border litigation or cross-border cases? Since you are involved in many domestic and international cases, I’m sure there must be some learnings that differ from how we work in India compared to how international entities operate in the legal field.

    What insights or learnings would you like to share with the learners?

    One thing I always make clear to anyone joining my firm is that you’ve entered a profession where, mark my words, the hard work required is extraordinary. When I say extraordinary, it is extraordinary. So if you want to run away, run away now, because you will never like yourself to be a kind of lawyer, wherein you will be spoiling cases of your clients, or him suffering losses because of your mistakes.

    You might recall the recent NEET issue where memes were circulating about doctors who graduated that year making such mistakes. You don’t want to become that kind of lawyer. So, the first thing I make them realize is that today is your first day, and this is your first file.

    There is no point keeping them busy for another year, just doing research, so that by the time they are in actual practice, they’re 28 or 29 years old and considering switching careers to pursue an MBA or GMAT. No, the only practice that we do here is different from other firms, and I have been a junior in many other firms also, so we allocate cases on day one only.

    If not the entire case, then at least a part of it, so they have something to work on right from the start. Every day, you’ll find all my associates attending court, either virtually or physically, carrying the files. We are a pure litigation firm.

    Another thing that I felt was missing in my previous experience with firms is the lack of interactive sessions. My associates expect me, as their mentor, to guide them on how a case should be handled. While I can’t do every time, I make sure that every seven to ten days, or every two weeks, we sit down together. I pick up one case or a specific issue, and we all gather in the conference room. I then explain the case, discuss how it’s being handled, and how it should be handled, along with some standard rules of drafting, pleading, and convincing—essentially, how these cases should be done.

    Sometimes, I do this on an individual basis as well. This kind of one-on-one teaching and interactive session was missing during my junior ship at other firms. I always felt that if I’m working with a successful lawyer, I should benefit fully from their experience, rather than just being impressed by their performance.

    So that’s what we are doing. And one thing we’ve noticed across all litigation firms is the new kinds of assignments we’re receiving. Corporates have now started thinking that since we are the lawyers handling their cases in court, where their agreements, contracts, and other documents are being interpreted by the honorable courts, we should be the ones drafting those agreements as well.

    I believe it was around six years ago when we received an assignment from one of our leading passenger car manufacturers. They asked us to come to their office in Pune, stating that the redrafting of their agreement had to be done there. We were surprised because such assignments typically don’t come to us; they usually go to specialized drafting lawyers. But they explained that what needs to be included or excluded in the agreement is something we only learn in court. Since we’re the ones who defend and argue these points in court, they felt we should be the ones drafting the agreements as well. So, we conducted a two-day workshop and began the drafting process.

    Now, this has become an additional task for my associates, who, while primarily focused on litigation, are also learning the art of drafting contracts.

    And believe me, with both drafting and litigation coming under one banner, the outcome will likely be fewer litigations in the future. If you have a well-crafted agreement, it leads to fewer disputes, which will directly and positively impact the health of businesses in the country. This approach will also help reduce the burden on the courts.

    As a small, first-generation law firm, we are committed to this idea. I believe there isn’t a single associate in our firm who doesn’t have a client assigned to them. Each associate handles at least one client, either independently or as part of a team of two to three people.

    Wow! Sir. You are such an amazing law firm and the strategy is so good. Actually, the thing which you are talking about is absolutely innovative and it will rise to a standard where there will be lesser litigations related to it.  You being so busy with all of these commitments, professional, and obviously your office commitment, then being an AAG as well is a bigger commitment.

    How do you recharge yourself or unwind yourself from this kind of commitment centric approach?  And are there any hobbies or activities which you keep on doing with your law office as well? Because obviously everyone is going through some of the other stress for sure. So how do you unwind yourself?

    What kind of activities do you follow?

    The way our schedule is, ma’am, this is a tricky question to ask a lawyer. Most of us might tell you that we play golf, but honestly, we don’t even have time for that. Let me share an incident I learned from one of my principal associates, Vandana. That day, someone was accompanying me, and I had a sudden change in the timing of a meeting.

    I was back from court and was supposed to meet someone at 12:30 PM. The meeting got rescheduled to 2:00 PM, and this associate of mine was with me. When she returned, she was asked, “What does he do when sir’s meeting gets postponed by an hour?” She replied, “He goes to Connaught Place, takes a full round on foot, and buys some books.” The person then asked, “What happened? Why do you ask?” She said, “He took me with him, and we went walking for a full round.”

    So, that’s what I do. If a meeting gets delayed and I have some time, I go to Connaught Place, take a full round, and visit some bookshops. It’s also a learning experience for young lawyers.

    Read as much as possible. You never know when a topic will come up, and if you’re well-read, you’ll be ready with a response. The more confidently and content-rich you respond, the more it adds to your personality as a lawyer. The more books you read, the better you’ll evolve in your career.

    In my free time, I read books. I still prefer older authors—I’m yet to be impressed by any new ones—and I hardly get any time. Although I have plans for the future, I’m not sure if they’ll happen. The best way to cool your mind and relax is to meet some friends at the High Court lobby and talk about this and that. After some time, we’ll end up talking about our children and how they’re growing up.

    Other than that, we mostly talk about watches and pens.

    Absolutely amazing and honest answer from your side.Yes, reading should be a favorite pastime for everyone. It’s a very new thing that everyone talks about everything around books. But if all of us will start sharing those wisdoms as well, it will help the people who work with us, although we talk about it, but somehow the books are not there in hands and I feel like that is something which I see only in High Courts and Supreme Courts that all our learned friends, they definitely carry books now. Earlier also it was the reality and now also. 

    Sir, given this particular inclination towards books and you’re always interested in reading and finding new books, many a times juniors or the new entrants, they have this particular point that we do not have this much to invest in this. How should we go ahead and do it? Sir, I would request you to answer this because we all have gone through this particular phase where we do not have enough to immediately buy so many books.

    So how can we garner that particular reading habit? Probably you will be able to guide us through that as well.

    When I started reading, I was in school and had access to a library. Later on, I realized that I could ask the librarian for a book I had heard about, even though there was no Google at that time.

    All the new books’ information used to get published in Hindustan Times usually on the second or third page. I would tell my librarian about the book I wanted, and he advised me to write an application to the principal requesting it. When I went to university, I had access to a much larger library.

    Then I began studying international law, but there wasn’t enough material in the central library at my university. So, I started coming to Delhi. I would take a bus from Rohtak to Delhi or a train that dropped me at Tilak Bridge, and from there, I would walk to the Indian Society of International Law (ISIL), which has an excellent library for international law. I also had friends who helped me access the Indian Law Institute (ILI) library. Delhi has some great libraries, and although books can be quite expensive, libraries are invaluable resources.

    You know, if you start buying 10 books, for example, I can read around 10 books over a period of one to three months, it can cost around 3,500 to 4,000 rupees, which is not feasible for a young lawyer. We have WhatsApp groups, so why don’t we have a system for sharing books? My daughter does it.

    I’ve noticed that my daughter, even though she’s a growing teen and doesn’t share everything with me, but I’ve seen that she shares books with her friends. Though there is an old saying, my father used to tell me in Punjabi: One who lends the book is a fool.

    The one who returns that book is an even bigger fool. So, if you truly want books to be your friends, you have to follow one rule. I can’t recall the author’s name, but he once said, ‘Before buying a new coat, buy a new book.’ I think youngsters should understand this old-fashioned diversion of funds. If they grasp its importance, it will significantly benefit their careers. Especially considering those Gen Z slangs—they’re getting into them, and I wonder where these slangs will be useful. God bless them all

    Books offer a profound way to understand the art of storytelling and the essence of contentment. They teach you how to balance a paragraph, a line, and how to learn from experiences that took place thousands of kilometers away from where you live. When you choose an author with the skill of storytelling, you can feel those experiences as if you were there. You can realize that this is so much richer than the 10- or 20-second reels or shorts we often watch, which are only made perfect after 20 or 30 retakes, right?

    And the beauty of learning a language can bring so much. You’ve learned the language, you bought all the beads and threads from the market, and you made a necklace out of it. This is how a book is written. The author or the writer learns the language, gains experience, and talks to people. You know, writers are a different kind of species.

    So they do wonderful things, beautiful things. If you get to see that beauty in a book, then let it imbibed inside you. Tomorrow, you will start performing more effectively because of those books. This proves the saying: before buying a new coat, buy a new book.

    Sir, this brings me to ask you about your views related to technology. How is it helping us and our future grow in terms of legal practice considering everyone is skeptical about the disruption that technology has brought in. It has reduced our reading time and everything about technology’s impact on us is questioned.

    How do you see it affecting legal practice as well? And what kind of future do you foresee that may help us grow? How do you get acquainted with technology better?

    As far as litigation and other allied services in the legal industry are concerned, we have tried most of the technologies, including ChatGPT and research tools, as well as references provided by some companies. However, I have yet to find a satisfactory solution. I share this opinion with many of my friends and colleagues as well.

    We have yet to find a truly helpful technology that would effectively bring about or disrupt this industry. The reason, I believe, is that a more humanely touch is required in handling matters and preparing briefs. Initially, when we started using ChatGPT, we realized that the volume and number of contracts processed even in a particular region are so vast that even an AI might fail. The main issue is that if you cannot properly customize a contract for a client, it is of no use. Even one small mistake can turn the entire agreement into a disaster.

    The same goes for drafting your cases as well. So when it comes to technology, particularly the technology that is often discussed, I believe the real game changer is yet to come, if it is coming at all in the future. I have spoken to many AI lawyers and some AI experts, and it seems the transformative impact is still awaited. The good thing is that we started using resources like Manu Patra and SCC since college.

    This paperless approach, which has emerged, has significantly reduced the burden of maintaining a law office. My office is almost paperless. As for law reporters, the new generation of lawyers never really used physical law reporters or books. Our fathers, who were not lawyers, had different practices.

    So we never inherited those practices from them. The only difference I now see is that when we used to do research from books, we often ended up reading something extra as well. However, if a new associate or lawyer adapts to this modern method of research and also does extra research in their free time, these tools like Manu Patra, SCC, and other websites are very nice, well-organized, and their search functions are excellent. They are also widely accepted in courts. Technology helps everyone—it helps you, it helps me. We saw during the COVID days how technology kept the courts functioning. Now, we take all our briefs on our iPads and tablets, and we have many software tools that help us with note-taking.

    As a practice, we often hold a pencil rather than a pen. But one thing, I don’t know why sometimes I think if, in another four or five years, when the next junior associates come to us, they might call me old school. However, believe we should not leave the habit to write, read, and read randomly also, anything.

    Somehow, I have this belief in my mind that if you are using technology, you should not leave the habit of writing. Whenever a client comes, we take notes, we have journals. Even today I keep a journal in my own handwriting. So new lawyers who are joining this profession or are very much new to this profession should know, do not lose the habit of writing.

    Do not lose the habit of reading and do not lose the habit of maintaining a file also if it is required. Let technology grow. I believe that tomorrow it can help us even more because today it’s only partly helping us.

    Thank you, sir, for taking us back to that era of reading, writing, and taking journals. Sir, we are already towards almost the end of the interview.

    We would request you, sir, to share some of your insights that you believe are essential for the new entrants or the interns who are seeking opportunities at Patine Law offices as well as others. And if you could share some insights as well about characteristics or attributes that you prioritize while selecting or taking the candidates to join your team.

    One thing I always tell them is that lately, as you’ve also noticed, a lot of law colleges have emerged. I don’t know whether I should say this or not, but if you look at the quality of teaching, it has declined in these law colleges. You need to inform a law student about what the profession will look like so that they can start preparing themselves accordingly.

    Students will come to us after completing 12 internships, and then I would ask them 10 questions, but they cannot answer 11 of them. The reason is that the idea being circulated to these students is that they need to do an internship at a prestigious place, but they are not asked what they have actually learned. Whenever I ask, they just say they’ve done an internship with this or that judge.

    So what did you learn? They never used to tell us anything. If you don’t have anything to share, don’t include it on your resume. The first question I ask anyone applying to my firm is, How much did you score in your matriculation exams? Now, people will tell me, even my daughter, why marks are important? But they are important. It’s not that the subjects of matriculation and 12th grade are important.

    What’s important is whether you were able to work hard and move forward. The academic performance you show us will help us understand if you can perform when given an assignment or not. A student who scored 65 percent in 10th grade but achieved 75 percent in 12th grade is more impressive to me than a student who scored 90 percent both times, because it shows that the student was able to improve and turn things around.

    This is what he will be doing in this profession as well—interacting with police officers, district-level judges, high court judges, bureaucrats, and public prosecutors. He should not, however, say that he can only communicate with certain types of people and not others.

    All students should understand that academics are very important. The second thing is that you need to work on both your written and spoken language skills. This is a profession where you cannot compromise at all. When I say language, I mean both Hindi and English. When you are talking about working in North India, you cannot compromise by saying I don’t know how to read Hindi Just because you learned in a convent. We have been taught by ex-army and navy officers. But one thing we know is that every language has its own glory and you have to learn it. Even today, there will be many drafts which will be coming across which will be in Hindi. So you cannot come tomorrow and say, I want an English version of it. 

    This is how I make the assessment for any associate or a young student who is applying for an internship or a job with our firm.  I want this message to go to all young students: stop saying academies do not matter. The people who are motivating you on Instagram or those featured in shows like Shark Tank are often from IITs and IIMs.

    You are law students, and IITs and IIMs are often the first choices for many. If you are starting in this profession, remember that it requires extraordinary hard work. You have to read extensively, work diligently, and be consistent. You also need to take care of both your mental and physical health. If you can manage all this, you are entering one of the world’s most wonderful professions.

    From any point of view—whether it’s learning, building confidence, or earning—this is the best profession you can be in. The only condition is that the hard work required will be extraordinary. There is no compromise. It’s a railway track: you cannot overtake it or jump over it

    Thank you for such an honest opinion and a beautiful enriching experience we have had so much learning today. Thank you, sir, once again, for being here and accepting our invitation at SuperLawyer I hope our learners will understand the critical importance of you saying all these things that you can not only depend on online learning, you have to get into the field and you have to be like railways where you cannot jump and race. 

    You just have to be on time and keep on moving. That’s the best possible advice you can get. Thank you so much, sir. Thank you once again.

    Thank you!

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