Super Lawyer

Category: State Counsels

  • “To be a lawyer is to fight for justice, stand for truth, and give strength to those who cannot fight for themselves.” – Dr. Milap Narayan Chopra, Deputy Government Counsel, Government of Rajasthan.

    “To be a lawyer is to fight for justice, stand for truth, and give strength to those who cannot fight for themselves.” – Dr. Milap Narayan Chopra, Deputy Government Counsel, Government of Rajasthan.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Your academic credentials span law, commerce, business, and company secretaryship, culminating in a Ph.D. in Law. How has this multidisciplinary education shaped your approach to legal practice, especially at the intersection of law, business, and corporate governance?

    From the very first day of my law school, I carried a clear ambition to become a world-class corporate lawyer being inspired by Jim Carrey’s story, who wrote himself a $10 million check for “acting services rendered” and carried it as a reminder of his vision and by the mid-1990s fulfilled that vision through belief and intense hard-work. Motivated by this, I wrote my own paper slip in 2010 to myself; “Dr. Milap Chopra (Gold Medallist), B.Com., LL.B. (Hons), CS, MBA, LL.M., Ph.D.” and carried it in my wallet as a visualization and constant reminder of my ambition to become a world-class corporate lawyer. With that goal in mind, I carefully structured my academic and professional journey. Alongside my law degree, I pursued the Company Secretaryship (CS) course, completing both simultaneously to strengthen my understanding of corporate law and governance. I interned at India’s leading-top law firms including Amarchand, JSA, AZB, Anand & Anand, among others, gaining exposure to top-tier corporate practice across the metro cities. Throughout the academic journey of law school, I consistently maintained meritorious performance, ultimately graduating as the Gold Medallist and batch topper of Institute of Law, Nirma University.

    Yet destiny had a different plan. During the last semester of law school, my father, himself a practicing lawyer at the Bikaner Sessions Court, was elected as the First Citizen of Bikaner i.e., the Mayor of the city. He encouraged me not to take up a corporate job or join a law firm, but to pursue litigation. Respecting his guidance, I set aside the offers of a job I had received and began practice at the Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur, as an associate in the chambers of Shri Mahendra Singh Singhvi, Senior Advocate. That experience was not just training or learning; it was an immersion into the craft of litigation, teaching me the temperament, discipline, and holistic approach required for meaningful legal practice. I am deeply thankful to God for that turn of events, because it helped me realise that true legal practice requires temperament and an inbuilt nature — qualities essential for anyone who wishes to pursue litigation meaningfully. Law is not just a profession; it is a noble calling. It remains unique in its ability to serve the public interest at large, where one’s work can directly benefit society through precedents, judgments, and observations/outcomes.

    After starting practice at the Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur, I enrolled for Masters in Law at the prestigious Government Law College, Bikaner. This required remarkable dedication as in the first year, I travelled overnight every Tuesday from Jodhpur to Bikaner to give my six exams of the first year on every Wednesday; however, destiny had other pivotal moments as well, a life-threatening road-accident during that period became a blessing in disguise which forced me to pause and reflect, doctors advised me to pursue a desk job, and for a short while, my unfulfilled corporate dream seemed to materialize and I got the opportunity to work with the PwC at Gurugram, one of the world’s Big Four Consultancy firms wherein I soon realised I was not made for the corporate world. My temperament fit litigation, not a corporate desk. During my PwC days, I also pursued an MBA, completing it under tough circumstances, often writing three back-to-back exams of three hours each on weekends, as leave was nearly impossible in corporate life. That job experience further strengthened my resolve to practice at Jodhpur and added yet another dimension to my academic journey.

    Through it all, one firm belief and that paper slip has always guided me that extra qualifications add extra dimensions to one’s legal career. That conviction drove me to explore law, commerce, business, and company secretaryship, before finally pursuing a Ph.D. in Law. Today, this multidisciplinary foundation allows me to approach issues at the intersection of law, business, and corporate governance with a rare balance- offering solutions that are legally sound, commercially viable, & ethically responsible. And, finally, in July 2024, after 15 long years of academic and career journey, I added the “Dr.” prefix to my name, completing the journey I had envisioned on that first day of law school on a slip of paper. Through belief, conviction, hard work, and the courage to dream, every challenge i.e., exams, travel, job, courtroom battles, became part of the story. That slip was never just a piece of paper; it was a promise to myself, a compass that guided me to become the well-qualified lawyer I aspired to be, and a reminder that dreams nurtured with patience and perseverance truly come alive and I hope that anyone who reads this feels inspired to keep their own slips of hope alive.

    Pursuing CS and Law simultaneously is both ambitious and demanding. What advice would you offer to students who are considering this path? Are there any specific strategies or resources that helped you manage both effectively and could benefit others looking to do the same?

    Pursuing Company Secretaryship alongside a law degree is ambitious and demanding, but immensely rewarding if approached with purpose and discipline. From the very start of my law school, I aligned every step i.e., internships, academics, and extra qualifications with my goal of becoming a world-class corporate lawyer.

    My advice would be to treat both the programs as complementary, not competing. Law builds your legal reasoning and litigation skills; CS gives deep insight into corporate governance, compliance, and business operations. Today, modern litigation often involves complex corporate matters, and understanding both legal and corporate dimensions allows a lawyer to craft strategic, holistic solutions.

    Ultimately, my journey shows that combining CS and law not only prepares you for corporate practice but also enriches litigation skills. A modern litigating lawyer increasingly needs to understand business structures, governance frameworks, and compliance requirements to provide nuanced advice, anticipate challenges, and craft effective legal strategies. For students willing to embrace the challenge, the payoff is a multidisciplinary foundation that sets them apart and equips them to thrive in both courtroom and corporate boardroom settings.

    In your role as Deputy Government Counsel for Rajasthan, you’ve managed cases across diverse departments like Transport, Tourism, and Water Resources. Could you share a particularly challenging case or policy issue you handled, and how you approached its legal complexities?

    As Deputy Government Counsel for Rajasthan, one of the most challenging aspects has been handling cases that cut across diverse departments, from Transport and Tourism to Water Resources, Higher and Medical Education. Each case brings its own legal complexity, but the real challenge often lies in creating a channel of cooperation among multiple officers in charge of different departments and ensuring that a timely, coherent reply is filed before the Hon’ble Court. Unlike private practice, here you appear from the respondent’s side, where the responsibility is not only to defend but also to uphold the policies and decisions of the State.

    In matters like appointments, recruitments, examinations, policy changes, or large bunch-transfer cases, the pressure can be immense because of the far-reaching implications for both the government and the public at large. That is why I believe success depends on three things: having a good team of associates, valuing the effectiveness of court clerks or munshi’s, and maintaining proper updation of files and continuous monitoring of case status. These seemingly small practices are actually the backbone of timely and effective representation before the Court.

    My multidisciplinary background in law, commerce, business, & corporate governance has helped me approach these issues with a structured, solution-oriented mindset. Rather than being daunted by the complexity, I focus on building cooperation, managing deadlines under pressure, and ensuring that the State’s position is presented in a legally sound, precise, and persuasive manner. In many ways, these challenges mirror the lessons I’ve carried since law school that discipline, teamwork, and a holistic outlook are key to navigating the most demanding cases.

    What inspired you to establish Law Compass LLP? What were some of the early challenges you faced in building the firm, and what long-term vision do you hold for its role in the Indian legal ecosystem?

    The inspiration to establish Law Compass LLP came from my belief that the legal profession is not only about advocacy but about navigating people toward the best possible solutions. That’s why our firm carries the tagline: “Navigating you to the best possible legal solution.” As a co-founder, along with my Jaipur-based partner, Pranjal Singh, and our Delhi-based partner Siddharth Acharya, Advocate-on-Record, we envisioned a practice that offers clients both litigation and non-litigation expertise under one roof. Our diverse backgrounds allowed us to position Law Compass LLP as a one-stop solution for multifaceted client needs.

    The early challenges were the ones most young firms face i.e., building trust, managing resources, and delivering consistent results while ensuring timely compliance. But my multidisciplinary journey, coupled with our team’s strength in corporate law, governance, and litigation, gave us the foundation to bridge gaps effectively. We worked consciously on building a system that valued teamwork, proper updation of files, responsiveness, and a client-first approach, even under the extreme pressures that litigation often brings.

    What sets us apart is our functioning model. We focus not just on winning cases but on ensuring effective, time-bound relief, transparent communication, and value-driven fee structures. Like the big law firms in India, we are building a culture of professionalism, research-oriented strategy, and holistic solutions, but our boutique size allows us to remain nimble, personalized, and accessible. In this way, we hope to complement the Indian legal system by reducing delays, improving efficiency, and delivering justice in a way that clients find both approachable and dependable.

    Our long-term vision is to make a meaningful difference in the Indian legal ecosystem by providing solutions that are legally sound, commercially practical, and socially responsible. We aspire for Law Compass LLP to grow into a boutique firm that is known not only for legal excellence but also for its role in strengthening trust in the system itself — making the law work better for those it is meant to serve.

    You’ve represented a wide range of clients from banks and PSUs to co-operative societies and educational institutions. When handling government-related matters, what unique challenges arise, and how do you tailor your strategy to ensure effective and compliant representation?

    When it comes to government-related matters, the challenges are very different from private representation. The most unique difficulty lies in the volume of cases and the strict timelines within which replies and arguments must be prepared. The pendency of cases directly impacts the smooth functioning of governance, so the responsibility of a government counsel is not only professional but also systemic.

    To handle this, I firmly believe in the strength of a structured ecosystem which includes an effective court clerk/munshi, a reliable team of associates, regular updation of files, complete coordination with the OIC’s and constant monitoring of case status. Every stage i.e., from gathering factual reports, to preparing replies, to filing in the registry, to finally arguing with a well-prepared note ensuring that no matter goes unheard before the Hon’ble Court. For this, the cause list has to be noted with precision every single day, and it is the duty of a government counsel to make sure that not a single case is missed being represented. Even one lapse can have serious consequences for governance and public interest. Without that structure, government litigation can easily get derailed under its own weight.

    Fortunately, under the able leadership of our Hon’ble Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Sharma ji, the State of Rajasthan has made government-side litigation comparatively smoother and more systematic. We regularly hold meetings with the Officers-in-Charge (OICs) to review pendencies, address bottlenecks, and ensure that the State’s representation before the Hon’ble Rajasthan High Court is effective and timely. This cooperation between counsel and departments allows us to tailor our strategy in a way that is both compliant and efficient, ensuring that justice is not delayed for the people we ultimately serve.

    With such a strong academic foundation, do you believe that continuous scholarly engagement should be a part of every legal professional’s journey? How has your own academic work enriched your practice?

    Absolutely. On the very first day of my law school orientation, Senior Advocate Shri P.M. Thakkar told us that “a lawyer is always a student” that one must remain in constant learning mode, curious to know the “why” and committed to finding solutions through knowledge. That message struck me deeply. Inspired also by Jim Carrey’s story, I wrote on that slip of paper (which I have carried since my first semester) that I would remain a learner till the last day of my life.

    That conviction has shaped my journey. Even after completing my Ph.D. in Law, I regularly enroll in online courses, workshops, and other academic engagements. Today, my scholarly pursuits have come full circle, I now travel across institutions to deliver lectures, judge moot court competitions, and being a government counsel participate in government meetings and each of these experiences further refines my practice.

    For me, scholarship and practice are not separate but complementary. Continuous learning sharpens my arguments, broadens my perspective, and keeps me adaptable in a fast-changing legal landscape. In essence, my academic work has not only enriched my practice but also kept me aligned with the belief that law is a living discipline and to practice it meaningfully, one must always be willing to learn, unlearn, and relearn.

    Balancing a high-pressure legal practice with deep engagement in social leadership roles such as Founding Trustee of BEST Foundation Trust, Vice Chairman of JITO Youth Wing etc. is no small feat. How do you manage this balance, and what continues to motivate your commitment to social transformation alongside your legal career?

    Balancing law with social leadership has never felt like a burden; it has always been a calling. Two incidents, in particular, have shaped this approach for me.

    The first comes from my political legacy. My father, a deeply honest politician, always taught us that if society has given us everything, we must find ways to give back. That value has been a guiding principle in my life. With this conviction, I founded the BEST Foundation Trust “Better Education for Social Transformation”. Through this initiative, we work to make education accessible and meaningful by paying the school fees of underprivileged students, providing scholarships to meritorious ones, and creating opportunities for educational growth etc.

    The second defining moment was far more personal. During a life-threatening road accident, I was in a coma for 67 hours, and I lost a dear friend in that tragedy. That experience shook me and instilled a deep realization that we only have one life and the only way to honor it is by living with purpose & making a positive difference in society.

    So, even while managing the pressures of a legal practice, I consciously dedicate time and energy to social causes, supported by an effective team. What keeps me motivated is the belief that law and leadership must go hand in hand, one upholds justice in the courtroom, the other nurtures transformation in the community.

    You’ve been actively involved in initiatives focused on youth empowerment and educational access. What advice would you offer to aspiring legal professionals who wish to follow a path like yours? What mindset and resources do you believe are essential for building a meaningful legal career today?

    My advice to aspiring legal professionals is simple yet profound; always stay curious, always stay disciplined, and never forget to ask yourself the basic question: “Why Me?”

    Whether you are arguing before My Lords, preparing for a job interview, or even praying to God to fulfill your dreams, just pause and ask, why should this relief, this opportunity, or this blessing come to me? If you can honestly satisfy yourself with an answer, if you have worked hard enough to justify it, then trust me — it will be you.

    In my own journey, this mindset has been a compass. From managing rigorous studies in law, CS, MBA, LL.M. and Ph.D., to working with top firms, to practicing in court, to representing the State of Rajasthan as Government Counsel and even balancing social leadership, the “Why Me?” principle has kept me grounded and accountable. It pushes you to prepare better, to think deeper, and to act with integrity.

    So, to young professionals — build your career not just on ambition, but on clarity of purpose, a commitment to continuous learning, and the courage to answer that “Why Me?” every single day. That’s what transforms a legal career into a meaningful journey.

    Finally, what guiding motto or philosophy has carried you through your legal journey? And looking back, what inspired you to pursue a career in law in the first place?

    My guiding philosophy has always been that law is not merely a profession, but a noble calling; a lifelong duty to the Constitution and to society at large. A lawyer is entrusted with the privilege of defending rights, upholding justice, and ensuring that the rule of law prevails over fear, power, or influence.

    The inspiration to pursue this path came at a defining moment in my eleventh standard, when I had to choose my stream of study. At that time, the choices were clear — science for engineers, biology for doctors, commerce for accountants. Unsure of where I belonged, I asked my father what I should pursue. His answer changed the course of my life. Looking at my extrovert nature, my speaking skills, my temperament, and the qualities he believed reflected a good lawyer, he said to me:

    “You should become an Advocate and prepare for CLAT which has only recently been introduced. And then he said something that stayed with me forever: A lawyer is not just a professional, he is the guardian of rights and the defender of the Constitution. Law is supreme; it bows before no one, and neither can a true lawyer ever be bowed or broken. To be a lawyer is to fight for justice, to stand for truth, and to give strength to those who cannot fight for themselves. If you truly wish to live a life of meaning and difference, become a good lawyer because a good lawyer can never be silenced, never be tamed.” 

    Those words struck me to the core. They gave me a vision of law as a higher calling, a life of service through justice. And from that day onwards, I knew this was the journey I was meant for. As a strong believer in karma, destiny, and God, I have also realized that one must remain calm, patient, and consistent. If your deeds are sincere and your conviction unwavering, everything else eventually falls into place. Life has its own rhythm, and faith in that process gives you the strength to persevere even through the toughest trials.

    Looking back now, every academic pursuit, every courtroom battle, every social initiative I have undertaken has been guided by that conviction. For me, the practice of law is not just about winning cases — it is about carrying forward a legacy of courage, compassion, and constitutional duty. That is the motto that continues to carry me forward.

    get in touch with Dr. Milap Narayan Chopra –

  • “Practice in Environment law is not set like other fields, it’s evolving. Majority of the litigation is not statute based, but its based on the delegated legislation.” – Aniruddha Kulkarni, Standing Counsel for Environment and Climate Change Department, Government of Maharashtra.

    “Practice in Environment law is not set like other fields, it’s evolving. Majority of the litigation is not statute based, but its based on the delegated legislation.” – Aniruddha Kulkarni, Standing Counsel for Environment and Climate Change Department, Government of Maharashtra.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Coming from a commerce background, what inspired you to transition into the field of law? Were there any pivotal experiences that motivated this shift and shaped your early legal interests?

    I have been interested in nature and ecology since childhood. My grandfather served in the Indian Forest Service and retired as the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Head of Forest Force, Maharashtra State. His teachings have played a major role in my upbringing since my childhood. As a child I was used to identifying different types of flora and fauna in our home garden. I experienced wild animals in the wild through various wildlife safaris. I developed a habit of noting down their physical characteristics. 

    My daily jogging route passes through an amazing nature trail, Vetal Tekdi (hill in Marathi) , an urban forest in the city of Pune. As a college youth I started doing amateur photography wherein nature has been my major subject like clouds, sky, sunrise and sunset, trees, animals, birds, waterbodies, landscapes etc.

    In my last year of law, I applied to the Internship and Placement Cell of the college, wherein I gave Arbitration, Environment and IPR as areas of interest. NGT had started their Western Zonal Bench in Pune the same year and hence the Cell forwarded my application to the NGT. Luckily I was selected in the recruitment procedure which took place before a 5 Member interview panel at the NGT Principal Bench and being based in Pune, I was appointed as the first Judicial Intern at the NGT Pune Bench.

    I never aimed to practice environmental laws. Destiny brought me to the NGT.

    You hold degrees in Commerce and Law, along with an LL.M. in Constitutional and Administrative Laws. How has this multidisciplinary academic foundation influenced your approach to legal practice, particularly in the area of environmental law?

    I pursued LLM in Constitutional and Administrative Laws after 4 years of practice at Bar. I believe that a candidate requires psychological maturity to understand what one expects from a masters degree. I always wanted to pursue LLM in Constitutional and Administrative Laws with dedication. I never aimed to stand first in the University, however my dedication along with 100% attendance and consistency gave me a surprise. 

    Although NGT is a Tribunal, it is the only Tribunal in India which adjudicates issues affecting the public at large. It is also the only Tribunal where there is no hierarchy (unlike District Consumer Forum, State Consumer Commission and National Consumer Commission), no appellate Tribunal in between (like DRAT, NCLAT, ITAT, etc.) and appeal from NGT lies directly to the Supreme Court of India. So there are high stakes matters, wherein there is interpretation on the statutes and reliance on the case laws propounded by the Superior Judiciary.

    Moreover, being a Government Counsel, knowledge of Constitutional and Administrative Law is helpful in understanding how the decision making process takes place at various levels in the Government and the Legislature.

    As the Standing Counsel for the Environment and Climate Change Department, Government of Maharashtra, you represent several key departments and agencies. What major challenges do you encounter while advocating for government bodies in environmental and civil matters?

    The decision making process on the Government side is a detailed process which involves many people at many levels. It is not a one person decision process. Courts and litigants expect that the Govt should take decisions at the earliest however they probably are not aware of the steps through which the issues traverse and the reasons for delay in taking the decisions. Convincing this aspect to the courts and litigants is one of the challenges. 

    At times it is also observed that given the expanse of the bureaucracy and number of authorities, departments and  ministries who work in tandem, at times they might be having a different views of the same issue. Getting them together on a consensus and then taking a decision in the larger interest by predicting future consequences, is also a task. It takes time, however because the court expects compliance of their order, a decision is taken by the Govt. 

    Having worked closely with regulatory authorities like the Central Pollution Control Board, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, and the Airports Authority of India, how do you stay ahead of evolving regulatory frameworks? How do you manage and prioritize high-stakes responsibilities across such diverse institutions?

    Practice in Environment law is not set like other fields, it’s evolving. Majority of the litigation is not statute based, but its based on the delegated legislation. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. Of India and the CPCB keep issuing amendments to the various notifications and rules through circulars, guidelines and office memorandums. These changes are brought as there are advancements in the science and even changing nature of business and industrial developments. Being a Govt counsel, I have to remain updated about the latest developments. Practising in environmental laws for more than a decade, I can see the law evolving. Being the Standing Counsel and representing the CPCB and MPCB in many cases, whenever there is a case being heard, even if I am not appearing in that case, the Hon’ble Tribunal enquires with me about the latest development about a policy or legal development at the Government level. 

    As and when there is a new development, either the Govt provides me with the same or I do my own research and I document all such changes. I prepare a directory of all such developments in the form of notifications, government resolutions, office memorandums, circulars, guidelines etc. 

    Being a Govt. Counsel I have to give equal priority to all the cases wherein the Govt. is a party. However, at times projects of public importance undertaken by the Govt. are challenged, that time the Govt. as well as me have to take care that no adverse orders are passed because it affects Govt. investment and if any such adverse order is passed, then the public is deprived of the benefits which accrue once the project is put to public use. 

    Your academic research and publications reveal a strong engagement with environmental jurisprudence. In what ways has your scholarly work influenced your litigation strategies and courtroom advocacy and how do you manage both pursuits?

    Research always helps, not just in publication but even in practice. Being Govt counsel I have access to a lot of official material which is otherwise not easily available and accessible. Whenever I work on academic research, such material is helpful for giving practical points. Similarly, if there is a case at hand, wherein I have done publication or if there is an ongoing research work, I can give the latest position of law or policy while advancing my arguments. Academic research and practice always compliment each other. It is not just the resources or knowledge, but even it improves the skills.

    Although finding time for doing academic research along with practice at Bar is difficult because first priority is always work. Research also takes time.

    As a Committee Member of the National Green Tribunal Bar Association (Western Zone), what are the key trends or emerging challenges you observe in the realm of environmental litigation in India?

    A lot of public as well as private infrastructural development is going on in the country. There are emissions of all kinds which are polluting the air and effluents which are polluting the water. Although there are laws for controlling all forms of pollution, enforcement is still a big issue. Issues of urban air pollution are getting chronic. Short term measures are not enough for even giving temporary respite and  Pollution Control Boards and other necessary Authorities, Boards, Ministries are understaffed. Vacancy in regulatory bodies affecting control and abatement of  pollution and penalising the polluter is an urgent need which needs to be addressed by the policy makers. At times the Govt. officers are overwhelmed due to work load and compliance of judicial orders, which can be addressed by creating sufficient posts and filling them with qualified people. 

    Climate Change is affecting everyone and nobody is in isolation and unaffected due to it. As the impacts of climate change intensify, we expect to see a continued rise in climate litigation as communities and environmental advocates demand accountability and justice from the regulators. 

    Environmental Laws is a dynamic law which is ever evolving. The changes are happening due to the policies implemented by the Govt. which gets challenged in the Courts, the courts either struck them down or direct the Govt. to modify. At times the uncertainty is caused due to judicial decisions that affect the industry. I haven’t come across any other prominent fields of law wherein the changes are taking so fast. Keeping ourselves updated with this ever changing field of law is a challenge to everyone, not just the lawyers but even the Govt. and the Judiciary. 

    As an adjunct faculty member teaching Environmental Law and related subjects at leading law schools, how do you incorporate your practical experience into the classroom? What guidance would you offer to students aspiring to build a career in environmental and civil law?

    In Pune city there are around 40 law colleges. The NGT Pune Bar is a small Bar and therefore I know that I am the only lawyer practising in environmental laws who is teaching the subject in two law colleges in the city. I educate my students by giving them practical inputs from the cases which I appear in at the NGT. As said earlier, NGT is probably the only Tribunal in India which deals with matters affecting the public at large. So people as well as students know these issues as they keep getting reported in newspapers and media. Further, I organise visits of students to the NGT wherein they get to see the pending cases which I discuss in class. Teaching and practice compliment each other. Experience from my practice at NGT helps me giving live examples to students and teaching experience gives me confidence to make better submissions in the court room.

    There is cut throat competition in traditional fields of law. Environmental Law is an emerging field where there is less to no competition. Students aim to practice in the corporate field, however they don’t know that practice at NGT is a part of practice in the corporate field as big companies, corporations and industries have to be defended for various alleged environmental non compliances. They need good lawyers to defend their cases. Environmental compliances form a major part of compliances by the companies. There is a dearth of good lawyers practising in environmental laws. Therefore every year I keep urging my students, especially in the final year, to consider environmental laws as a good field to practice once they get into the profession.

    Having said that, I even advise them that after passing out of their college, they shouldn’t directly jump to practice at the NGT or any Tribunal for that matter because Tribunals being quasi judicial authorities are not bound by the strict rigours of Civil Procedure Code and the Evidence Act (now replaced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam). For any lawyer, it is essential that they know the basics of the procedural laws. At the start of their practice, if they directly and exclusively start practice at a Tribunal, there are high chances of them not learning the procedural laws. So starting a practice exclusively in any field of law or Tribunal is advisable after having learnt about the basic procedural laws by appearing before the Trial Courts. Experience of appearing before the civil courts definitely helps and compliments practice in environmental laws because the cases before the NGT are of civil nature.

    Reflecting on the early phase of your career, what experiences most profoundly shaped your legal outlook? How did they contribute to building the foundation of your current practice and professional values?

    Having conceptual clarity on the basics of law is very important for shaping a good legal career. It starts from the law school and not when one enters the profession. Students are getting strayed away from studying through textbooks. Moreover, the majority of the students study from exam point of view rather than understanding the subject from knowledge point of view. They tend to study through readymade notes prepared by someone else rather than making their own notes. This habit is hazardous because it reflects in their professional lives later on. 

    Having a habit of studying through books and making my own notes helped me not only understand the subject but even making a conscious choice of which fields I want to explore and which I want to exclude when I get into the practice. In the age of AI, everyone is losing their ability to use their brains. As far as legal studies and profession is concerned there is a dangerous trend of students and young lawyers using AI for drafting and research. 

    My internship at the NGT in my last year gave me a different view towards litigation. When one undergoes a litigation internship under a practising lawyer, one prepares the case from their client side and anticipate what will be the tricky situations from the other side. However, when one interns under a judge, both the sides are kept before your boss and you have to assist them in decision making. High stakes are involved in many cases. Compensation which is awarded by the NGT goes in crores. Habit of preparing my own notes helped me in assisting the judges during the internship and that habit still helps me in my practice as well as preparing lectures. 

    Get in touch with Aniruddha Kulkarni –

  • Balancing Defense and Prosecution: A Legal Journey Through India’s High-Stakes Criminal Cases. – Akhand Pratap Singh, Special Public Prosecutor for Delhi Police.

    Balancing Defense and Prosecution: A Legal Journey Through India’s High-Stakes Criminal Cases. – Akhand Pratap Singh, Special Public Prosecutor for Delhi Police.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Sir we’ll start with a very prominent question of why and when you decided to do law after UPSC examinations, and what were the decisive moments that may have led you to choose law instead of what you were doing already. What ways do you think that all that experience that you garnered over the years influenced your approach towards the legal profession?

    The reason for me, for doing law after I was not able to qualify for UPSC, the main motive for even preparation for the UPSC was to serve the nation or serve the people of the country, and law is another field where in other ways we are able to serve the society, serve the people, either appearing on behalf of the defense side or on behalf of the prosecution side.

    Basically, we’re there to help the society. If any person is involved in any legal trouble, they approach the lawyer. In that way, we are helping the people. The purpose and the objective for doing law was only for to help the people at the grassroot level.

    “Sir, how did you cope mentally when your UPSC plans didn’t work out, and what motivated you to continue serving society? Could you also share some key challenges and successes that made a real impact on both the people and your own life?”

    I completed my law in the year 2011 and then thereafter from 2011 to 2021, I was mainly a defense counsel on the criminal side of the bar. I was defending the accused persons in cases of Delhi Police, CBI and ED. So, in that way while I was representing the people I also came to know the challenges that the prosecution faces, what type of legal requirements are there to even build up for fool proof cases is the first one.

    So, in that context, the first thing that I came to understand that the nuances of the criminal practice are very demanding and it requires one to go into the nitty-gritties and to get into the details on each and every aspect of the case. The second thing that I have experienced so far is that people are going through so much pain, so what I was trying to do so far was to actually help those people in a proper manner to the best of my capability, and that’s how the journey started first.

    Since 2011 to 2015, I was an associate with my Senior Rajesh Anand and I have learned lot from him about the nuances of the criminal law.

    2015 onwards, I started as an independent practitioner and I will say my first big case as an independent lawyer was the Coal Scam case wherein, I represented one of the Sitting Director, Mines, Jharkhand Government. I was also one of the youngest lawyers amongst those who were representing the other co-accused in the same case and that case was the first in all of the coal scam cases that came to be registered so forth. So that’s how my journey as an independent lawyer started.

    Prior to that as well when I was working with my Senior Rajesh Anand, I got the opportunity to work in some very good cases, one of those cases was the TWG scam, Commonwealth game scam. So that was my first case, I will say, where I got an opportunity to represent the accused in which the CBI was the prosecuting agency and I would say the bulkiest cases in terms of the volumes of the documents, in terms of the volumes of the accused and in terms of the magnitude of the case.

    So that’s how my journey started, and even before that, with my Senior Rajesh Rana, I also got an opportunity to learn from him the nuances of the cross-examination, which I will say is the root thing or the most important thing for any criminal lawyer to understand. The problem is that sometimes there are people who don’t want to get the trial experience.

     However, in my individual opinion, cross examination is the most important aspect for any criminal lawyer, and that is the evidence on which the superior courts whether it be magistrate trial, session court trial, the Honourable High court or the Honourable Supreme court finally decides at the stage of the appeal, either filed by the accused person by the state. Therefore, the most important thing for the purpose of any criminal trial is the recording of the evidence, either by the prosecution or the cross-examination. So, for a defense counsel to learn the art of the cross-examination is the most important thing, and for that, I give my all thanks my Senior Mr. Rajesh Anand.

    There was a time when I was doing most of the MCOCA case for the defence side that being from 2015 to 2021.

    Thereafter, I got an opportunity to represent the Delhi police in one of the case, State Vs. Sukesh Chadrashekhar, where the accused persons were booked under MCOCA and I was approached by the Delhi Police to represent them as a Special Public Prosecutor.

    So that’s how my journey started, being a special public prosecutor to represent the Delhi Police. Thereafter, I represented Delhi Police in a number of cases as a special public prosecutor, the Parliament security breach case being another one. I am also representing the Delhi Police in Norco terrorism cases. Primarily I’m representing Delhi police in cases where MCOCA has been involved against a number of the organized crimes syndicate.

    I’m also representing the Delhi Police in another peculiar case with the Khalistan front angle, where local terrorist and local gangster along with some of the gangsters sitting abroad who have formed a nexus and were indulged in terrorist activities within the territory of India.

    So effectively I’m representing Delhi Police in multiple cases as a Special Public Prosecutor and I’m trying to give my level best.

    Sir, given the intense nature of the cases you’ve handled, how have they impacted your understanding of human psychology, and how do you protect your own mental and moral well-being while staying professionally involved?

    The problem with being an advocate is the work-life balance, and I totally agree with that. There is no hesitation in accepting that. I totally agree with the fact that we as lawyers are able to devote very less time to our family from what is required. Every profession has its own demands. Every profession has its own pros and cons, but once I chose this field, my priority has always been the work along with the life aspects.

    And yes, at times one thing takes a toll on the another, but it shouldn’t be so on the cost of another thing. Secondly thing regarding maintaining, yes, we hardly get time to sleep. I will totally agree with that, but yes, we need to be physically and mentally fit. And the most important thing is the presence of mind, particularly in the court room, because sometimes a query comes from the honourable court on a specific aspect and if we are not able to keep ourself physically and mentally fit, there can be a situation where we will not be able to respond properly, and the ability to respond to such queries comes from the aspect that how much you are prepared with your file.

    My understanding about the criminal law is that every time when you go through the file, you learn a new thing. Because see, there is always everything in the file. I will say that is, in my opinion, either you appear on behalf of the state or either you appear for the defense, file is everything, and reading the file is the most important thing.

    The number of the times you read the file, your orientation or your perspective or you’re understanding about the file changes at instances because maybe there can be an occasion at times you miss certain very important things on the facts of the case. I was doing a drug-trap case, anti-corruption ban, Delhi police case and I was representing one of the accused who was caught red handed, there was also the recording of the entire trap, so for the first time when I read the file, I was unable to gather as to how or in what manner I’m going to represent the accused because being a criminal lawyer we also need to strategize our cases.

    But yes, after going through the file again and again and again and again, finally I got some legal aspect on the ground of which finally I got the video of the trap inadmissible before the honourable court in terms of the evidence.

    I will say my understanding about the reading of the file, my understanding about how to approach the case, and in my opinion, that’s how I tackle the file can be one, but I am also open to my associates because, I need to be receptive with their opinion as well because I am not the person who can say that knows everything.

    Maybe my associate who is less experienced than me in terms of the years in practice, can also have a brilliant idea. He can have a different understanding about the same subject matter in a, which is more helpful to me. So, in that way, we basically go through the file, all the associates, to whom the specific files are marked are open to share their own opinions, ideas, or their understanding about the file. I am ready to share my opinion, ideas with them as well.

    Thereafter, finally we come to the conclusion or strategize how to approach any of the cases. So that’s how I approach any of the case. The same approach is applicable even when I am appearing as a special public prosecutor in any of the cases.

    Any case is dependent upon two things. The first thing is that the fact, facts cannot be changed. But the law is not dependent upon the fact, however the fact is dependent upon the law. Therefore, we have to approach or search for an appropriate law on that subject matter and as and when the situation arises.

    In 2015, you represented an accused in a high-profile coal scam case as the youngest lawyer on record. How did you strategize to stand out among senior advocates, and what key lessons or experiences did you take away from securing your client’s acquittal?

    In 2015, I was representing a client in the name of Vipin Bihari, who happened to be at that point of time, the sitting Director of mines and mineral department, government of Jharkhand, so in that case, I was one of the youngest lawyers of all the counsels who were representing the different accused, and that case was basically registered by the CBI. 

    So, for me, the best way to understand the case was from the perspective of the client and I would say that I was quite blessed that my client was also very, very keen to share the nuances of his case.

    Since he was also a learned person. He has also worked in various departments on behalf of the government of Jharkhand and for the entire 2 years – 2015-2017, I worked almost on every Sunday also. I can say that, because my client used to come from Ranchi to Delhi, so he used to come on Saturday. Then on the entire Sunday, we used to basically discuss about the case and prepare about the strategies and I will also say that the co-operation from the honourable court was also immense. I’m very thankful to the honourable court and also to the presiding officer at that point of time for giving me the confidence to represent such type of case. And I’m quite thankful to you and my way to approach the case was, again, read the file repeatedly because everything is in the file, either for the prosecution side or from the defence side.

    We need to have a command on our file. There is no other way to approaching any file, and if you have a command over your file, you are always one step ahead with your opposition. That is my way to approach the case.

     Sir, it’s eye-opening to hear how deeply you engage with case files something many overlook today. You’ve handled landmark cases like the Unnao rape, Commonwealth scam, and the parliamentary breach. How did you manage such high-profile and sensitive matters simultaneously? Specifically, for the Unnao case, what key factors guided your approach? Could you share an example of a major challenge you faced while maintaining confidentiality and ensuring justice?

     When I started appearing on the Unnao Case, the biggest challenge facing was the time management, first thing. The reason for that is that the Honourable Supreme Court had basically passed an order to complete the trial within a timebound manner. So what we were basically doing, when we were there in the court, cross-examining the witness at some time, even at 7 to 8:00 AM till the night also. That case started from September, 2019, and finally the judgment came in the month of March, 2020.

    The Unno rape incident follows 5 cases. Just for your knowledge. One case is the rape case. One case is the death of the father of the prosecutrix. One case is where the police personnel were charge sheeted for falsely implicating the father of the prosecutrix. Another case is the gang rape case, which was the fourth case. And the fifth case was regarding one accident case, which basically triggered the transfer of all of the cases, bunch of the cases from the state of UP to the city of Delhi. So, I was representing in the murder of the father of the prosecutrix case.

    And in that case, I was representing the Investigating Officer of that case who was basically charge sheeted by the CBI for falsely implicating the father of the prosecutor. I will say it was one of the most challenging cases of my career being a defence counsel, where on a daily basis. In the evening, at around 7 or 8:00 PM we would come to know that these are the two or three witnesses who were summoned for the next day. So again, from the Tis hazari court, we have to rush to our office. At that point of time, my office was in a defence colony, so we had to rush to my office and thereafter, again, entire midnight burning of the oil.

    Because only in the late evening we would come to know that these are the three witnesses, who have been called for the next date for the purpose of the deposition of the witnesses. And within that period of time, we had to prepare. We had to go through the statements recorded under 161 CRPC or 164 CRPC, and further prepare for the purpose of the cross-examination.

    But yes, that gave me a very good sense of the satisfaction, though there was a conviction against my client, I will also say that, but it was one of the most challenging and it also helped me to learn how to tackle the situation where there is extreme urgency, where there is extreme level of involvement required.

    I can say I got a lot of help at that point of time, from all of my associates, from my family members also to that extent I’m thankful to all.

     Sir, you mentioned how deeply these cases impact an attorney’s psyche. Your shift from defense to becoming a Special Public Prosecutor for Delhi Police was a major turning point. What inspired this transition, and how did you adapt to the change in role? How different was your approach when handling cases from the prosecution side? What was going through your mind during this shift, especially after years of defending clients?

    I’ll say that was the biggest challenge for me when I moved from the defence side to the prosecution side, because all of a sudden, I was defending a client on a legal aspect. Thereafter I had to oppose the same purpose, but standing on a different side on the same legal aspect, so that was a very good challenge for me.

    But what attracted me or what I will say pushed me that there is a, in my opinion, a very good sense of satisfaction. When you represent the state and the state is imposing a faith on you, and the duty and the responsibility on your shoulder is increased by many more, because you are there to basically represent a state in those cases where the government has imposed faith on you, despite being the availability of the regular prosecutor, so my job was to work much more harder and to go represent the state to the best of my capability.

    Being a special public prosecutor, there is only a single person who represents the state, but in the same case, there are 10 accused, 11 accused, 5 accused, and for every accused, there are different counsels. So, I had to basically, legally counter all the multiple counsels for those accused persons just for example, there is a case, my first case of Sukesh Chandrashekhar, presently, in which there are 22 accused, so 22 accused are represented by the different counsels.

    So, at the same time I have to, counter those 22 legal opinions or legal arguments, which are advanced by those people in the court. So that requires more preparation, more going into the depth of the issue.

    Sir, you transitioned from conventional criminal cases to complex ones under UAPA and NDPS Acts. What drove this shift, and how did your thought process evolve with such uniquely challenging laws? These cases are quite different in structure and sensitivity how did you approach them? Could you share some of the specific challenges you faced? And how did you manage handling such high-stakes matters?

    By representing the state as a special public prosecutor, it is my duty to help the state in the best of my capability, that’s the first thing. Whenever I get appointed, in any case, the first thing that I do is have a meeting with the investigating officer. Understand the case firstly from their perspective, thereafter understand the case from my perspective.

    Thereafter we strategize as to how to represent that evidence before the honourable court

    Due to this, at some point during the trial the defense council can take benefit of instances where the evidence was not placed properly before the court. So, the first step is to help the investigating officer prepare the case, to the best of their capability.

    Every special act has a different procedures and requirement, for example, requirement under the MCOCA is different, requirement under the UAPA different and the requirement under the NDPS Act is also different.

    So, the understanding of the subject matter of special cases in which I am doing, it’s my first duty to understand the subject matter.

    Thereafter, I will only be in the position to help the state or to represent the state in the best of my capability. That is my way to approach any case to date.

    So, sir throughout your career you have demonstrated a different kind of commitment towards justice. An impressive understanding of complexities is also involved in the kind of high-profile cases that you have gone through. After these many years of handling such intricate and emotionally challenging cases. How have you kept your motivation and passion for criminal law, not only alive, but moving forward as well?

     First of all, I will say that the first day when I entered into this field, I’ll say that I was blessed that I joined that office where most of the cases were pertaining to the criminal law.

    And since that day, I developed a keen interest in the criminal law. And till date, I have never felt as to why I am practicing the criminal law. In my opinion, criminal law is the most challenging, and there is always something more because understanding of the criminal law attracts me. To understand the nuances of the criminal law further motivates me. The best thing with criminal law is that there is no two cases are ever similar to each other. Every case has an independent, different fact, which not at all has any bearing on another case.

    That is why in the beginning, I stated to first have command over the fact and thereafter upon the law. Legal aspects, judgements are going to help you, but if you don’t have control over the facts of the case, then the judgements are not going help you. So, understanding the facts of the case, understanding the subject matter is the most important thing for me.

    There is an inquisitiveness which motivates me to read the file, to go through the judgment passed on a day-to-day basis by the Honourable Supreme Court and the Honourable High Courts and the same attracts me. It cannot be expressed in words, but yes, something’s there.

    Sir, having seen both defense and prosecution sides, I’ve noticed how deeply criminal cases affect one’s psyche. With cases involving serious mens rea and disturbing circumstances, how do you mentally stay strong and not let fear or negativity from such cases affect your daily life? You play a key role in protecting society where does that inner grit come from? Also, with your experience in high-profile cases like Unnao and white-collar crimes, have you ever thought about writing a book exploring the psychology behind such crimes?

     Book will come when it has to. But yes, something is definitely in the pipeline. The second thing, I only get attached to the file. I am least bothered about names of the people which are mentioned in the file, and that is the foremost thing I need to do because if I start getting affected by the names of the accused, either on the defence side, and specifically on the prosecution side, then I would not be representing the state or defending any accused. Because I am there to represent the state according to how case has been filed, I need to be totally disassociated and detached.

    I am not even expected to know why they have committed crime. I believe that if the crime has been committed then, justice should be delivered to people. The thing is that my duty is to represent the state as per requirement of present legal system. For me, any accused is only X, Y, Z, nothing beyond that. So, this is how I get myself psychologically disassociated with any of the accused persons.

    Get in touch with Akhand Pratap Singh –

  • “Knowledge, reputation and success are built slowly, case by case, argument by argument.” – Tejasva Mehra, Practicing Advocate at Supreme Court of India.

    “Knowledge, reputation and success are built slowly, case by case, argument by argument.” – Tejasva Mehra, Practicing Advocate at Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With almost a decade of experience and an established practice today, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? Was becoming a lawyer always part of your plan, or did you come to it gradually over time?

    I decided to pursue law relatively early in life because I always felt a deep desire to do something meaningful for the society at large and to create a real impact. I grew up witnessing my mother devoting 16 to 18 hours of her day in public service. I would wake up every morning to find our drawing room full of people who had come to discuss their concerns and problems. Watching her tirelessly listen to them and help them find a way forward left a profound impression on me. It taught me the value of empathy, responsibility and standing up for others.

    Although I am a first-generation lawyer and had no direct access to the legal world, I was fortunate to interact with some of the finest lawyers in the country. I was always in awe of their distinct personalities and eloquence, their command over the law, awareness of the social issues and the sheer force of conviction with which they carried themselves. Their work inspired me and somewhere deep within, I knew this was the path I wanted to pursue. 

    But perhaps what sealed my destiny was my Nanaji, who always dreamed of seeing me as a practicing lawyer. He was a great admirer of Sh. Nani Palkhivala, and he often spoke of his brilliance, his courtroom charisma and the respect he commanded. That admiration became a seed that grew within me. It aspired me to follow in the footsteps of those who use the law not just as a profession but as a powerful instrument of change. 

    After completing your law degree, you pursued a Master of Laws (LLM) at the University of California, Los Angeles, specializing in Entertainment, Media, and Intellectual Property Law, along with Pretrial Criminal Litigation. What motivated you to choose UCLA and these specific specializations? How did your education there differ from legal education in India, and were there any challenges you faced during the application process?

    I chose to pursue Intellectual Property and Entertainment Laws for my master’s because these areas of law have an increasing global importance and have a universal character, often protected and harmonized through mutually signed international treaties. Its global relevance and increasing demand particularly appealed to me. 

    I chose Criminal Pretrial Advocacy as my minor because I have always been deeply interested in understanding the criminal justice systems across different jurisdictions. It gave me an insight to the jury system followed in the US and for our assignments, I also got a chance to visit the LA County Superior Court to witness trials of the ongoing cases. 

    As for my choice of UCLA School of Law, the decision was significantly influenced by the advice of my Guru, Hon’ble Justice A.K. Sikri. He guided me to prioritize the strength of the faculty of an institution. UCLA offered exactly that – an exceptional faculty with real world experience, especially in the fields of IP and Entertainment Laws. Being located in the heart of Hollywood, UCLA provides unparalleled access to professors who have worked with major studios and production houses, offering a practical and industry-oriented education. It also offered unique networking and internship opportunities. 

    In terms of education, there was a significant difference from India. I felt that the curriculum and teaching at UCLA emphasised more on critical thinking, in depth research and practical application than the rigid curriculum followed in India. The lectures at UCLA were more interactive with active participation of the students, critical analysis and continuous assessment through assignments, mock trials and presentations. Also, the strictness towards plagiarism is something which I feel needs to get implemented in our Indian education system. 

    The early stages of a lawyer’s career often shape one’s understanding of the law. Looking back at your journey, whether as a legal researcher/ law clerk under Justice A.K. Sikri at the Supreme Court of India or as a Legal Associate at Shakti Vahini NGO, what are some of the pivotal experiences that helped form the foundation of your legal career?

     I feel blessed and honoured to have worked under Justice A.K. Sikri as his law clerk/ legal researcher. The experience was not just professionally enriching, but deeply transformative on a personal level as well. Other than the fact that I got to work on some of the most sensitive and high profile cases at the time, I learnt a lot about being humble in life and honest towards your work. Justice Sikri carries a rare blend of deep legal wisdom and an open inquisitive mind. Despite his towering stature in the legal field, his extremely hectic and intense work schedule, he was always approachable and would often encourage a discussion and be open to an independent thought. He fostered an environment where I felt valued and confident even though I was fresh out of law school. I truly believe that my time working as a judicial clerk under Justice Sikri was the perfect start to my legal journey – a rare combination of rigorous legal work, inspiring mentorship and invaluable interactions. My time working under him really helped me boost my confidence and learn the most important lessons of life – work hard and be humble. 

    As I said, I always wanted to serve the society and make an impact, Shakti Vahini helped me to achieve that and the experience I got was profoundly transformative. Shakti Vahini is working towards strengthening women and child rights in India. During my tenure working at Shakti Vahini, I got an opportunity to work on several cases involving minors who were trafficked in Delhi from all parts of the country and exploited for prostitution, child labour and child marriages. I provided legal assistance and representation to these victims once they were rescued and also got an opportunity to be a part of various rescue operations, their counselling sessions and rehabilitation process. I also engaged in legal research and authored papers assessing the shortcomings in our legal system and proposed reforms aimed at making the justice system more efficient, accessible and sensitive to the needs of these minor victims who are extremely vulnerable. I had just returned from the US after completing my masters when I decided to commit my time to pro bono work and got this opportunity. This was a real eye-opener. It reshaped my perspective and exposed me firsthand to the disturbing realities faced by society’s most vulnerable, deepening my commitment to justice and reform. 

    During your time as a Senior Associate at Rajiv Mohan Law Offices, you were involved in high-profile criminal cases. Could you share some of the most challenging aspects of handling one such complex case, particularly with respect to the legal intricacies of laws such as the IPC, NDPS Act, PC Act and PMLA?  

     During my time working under Sh. Rajiv Mohan, I received hands-on training in the nuances of criminal trial practice which included right from preparing for bails, arguments on charge to crafting effective cross-examinations and strategically developing a defence throughout the course of a trial. I also got an opportunity to work on appeals in several high profile cases where the accused were convicted of most heinous offences. His meticulous approach to each stage of a criminal case gave me an invaluable foundation in trial advocacy. One of the most enriching aspects of this experience was the open discussions and brainstorming sessions every evening. The evenings before witness examinations were spent drafting and refining questions often dictated by him with great precision and purpose. It was during these sessions that I truly grasped the art of cross-examination. He often emphasized: “Always know what not to put to a witness.” That single line has stayed with me and shaped the way I think about courtroom strategy. His deep knowledge of medical jurisprudence added another layer to the learning. As a former Senior Special Prosecutor, he brought with him a rare insight into how the prosecution builds its case which helped me learn how to analyze a case not just as a defence lawyer, but from the perspective of the State as well. This dual perspective greatly sharpened my analytical abilities. Mr. Rajiv Mohan also mentored me in navigating cases involving special statutes and complex areas like bail under NDPS Act for commercial quantity or under PMLA, helping me understand how to overcome the stringent twin conditions laid down under Section 37 and 45 respectively. Additionally, as the jurisprudence around the PMLA was evolving at the time, he explained the developing bail laws and the strategic nuances involved in those cases. 

    Among all the cases, it was the murder trials or appeals that intrigued me the most. Observing and participating in the cross-examination of eye witnesses, medical and forensic experts, and investigating officers gave me a deep appreciation of how facts, law and courtroom psychology converge in a trial.The four years that I spent working under Mr. Rajiv Mohan taught me that in the courtroom, it is not just about law, it is about human behaviour, precision and above all, preparation.

    Would also like to mention and thank Mr. Abhimanyu Kampani for playing a pivotal role and trusting in me.

    Having worked with various legal entities, what ultimately drove you to establish your own legal practice? What challenges did you face when starting out, and how did you overcome them?

    Starting my independent legal practice was undoubtedly one of the toughest decisions I have made in my professional journey. In the legal field, there is no clear benchmark that tells you when the “right time” to branch out on your own has arrived. I feel in our profession the decision is highly personal and often requires you to look inward, trust your instincts and take a leap of faith.

    For me, the decision came after a lot of careful thought and self-assessment. I was fortunate to have built a decent clientele base and had secured a couple of clients on retainer basis, which provided a much-needed cushion of financial stability. This base was extremely important because it gave me the confidence that I would not be starting from absolute scratch as I had work that could sustain me as I navigated the uncertainties of independent practice.

    That being said, the journey has not been without its hardships. There were times when I was appearing only two-three times a week in contrast to two-three times a day while I was working with Mr. Rajiv Mohan. There were moments of real struggle and self doubt. However, I have come to realise that the only way forward is to believe in yourself, stay honest and work hard. 

    I firmly believe that the support of one’s family, particularly that of my mother and my wife has been absolutely crucial. Their unwavering encouragement, emotional support and constant belief in my abilities have provided me with the confidence and clarity needed to pursue this challenging path. Their presence has not only been a source of personal reassurance but has also allowed me to remain focused and resilient at times of professional uncertainties.

    Another major factor that encouraged me to take this step was my appointment as a Legal Aid Counsel on the Sessions Court panel with Delhi State Legal Services Authority (DSLSA). I genuinely feel that this appointment was a game changer. Not only did it allow me to gain access to a wide variety of cases including many heinous and high-stakes matters but it also gave me the invaluable opportunity to serve those who truly needed help but lacked the resources to hire legal representation. Representing underprivileged litigants added a new dimension to my practice and brought a deep sense of purpose to my work.

    Looking back, I realize that starting my independent practice was not just a professional move but it was a test of belief in myself. At some point, you have to back yourself, trust in the foundation you have built and have the courage to step into the unknown. It hasn’t been easy but it has been deeply rewarding.

    In cases involving the Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO), what are some of the most significant challenges you’ve encountered while addressing the complex legal aspects of such sensitive cases?

    Defending a POCSO (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences) case is extremely challenging and demands high emotional quotient. One of the primary reasons is the statutory reverse burden of proof under Section 29 of the POCSO Act. This provision presumes the guilt of the accused once certain foundational facts are established, thereby shifting the burden onto the defence to disprove the allegations. This is a significant departure from the general principle of criminal law where the burden of proof always lies on the prosecution to prove the guilt beyond resoluble doubt. As a defence lawyer, this reversal requires you to strategize your case very differently which means every piece of evidence, every inconsistency and every contradiction must be highlighted with utmost precision.

    Moreover, POCSO cases involve victims who are minors and that brings its own set of sensitivities and responsibilities. Cross-examining a child witness is one of the most delicate tasks a lawyer can undertake. Unlike regular cross-examinations where a more aggressive or confrontational approach may be employed to test the credibility of a witness, here, you have to strike a fine balance. You must be extremely respectful and gentle in your demeanour while still being assertive enough to bring out inconsistencies, contradictions or improbabilities in the testimony. It requires a heightened level of alertness which means that you need to listen very carefully to the nuances of the child’s statements, their body language and the overall circumstances under which they are testifying. Further, courts are also far more protective of minor witnesses, and rightly so. Thus, every question must be carefully framed, keeping in mind the emotional and psychological vulnerabilities of the child. Working on such cases requires not just sharp legal skills but also a great deal of emotional intelligence, patience and empathy.

    As Senior Panel Counsel for the Union of India, you’ve represented various ministries before the Delhi High Court in several legal proceedings. What are some of the most complex legal issues you’ve faced in this role, and how do you manage the intricacies of government representation?

    My appointment as a Senior Panel Counsel is a relatively recent and significant development in my career. It also marks my formal debut into civil litigation. Most of the matters I handle in this role are service-related cases i.e. disputes pertaining to appointments, promotions, transfers, disciplinary actions, pensionary benefits and other service related disputes involving government employees.

    Engaging in civil litigation, particularly service matters, brings with it a whole new dimension of legal practice. These cases require a deep understanding not only of legal principles but also of administrative procedures, departmental rules and government policies. Preparing for these matters involves careful scrutiny of service records, government orders, circulars and applicable service rules. Every case demands a meticulous approach. What makes this responsibility even more serious is that, as a Senior Panel Counsel, I am representing the Government of India and hence it carries immense responsibility and expectation. Every appearance, every submission and every argument must reflect the highest degree of professionalism, preparedness and integrity because it is the sovereign that you are representing. You are expected to defend the government’s actions wherever they are legally sustainable and also to fairly advise when a case ought to be conceded or settled in the interest of justice. 

    One of the unique aspects of this engagement is the presence of departmental officials from the concerned Ministry or Department who are often present to assist during the preparation and hearings. Their assistance is invaluable as they provide important background information, factual clarifications and access to departmental records which might otherwise be difficult to obtain in regular litigation. At the same time, as counsel, I have to exercise independent judgment in assessing the strength of the case, guiding the officials and ensuring that the position taken before the court is legally tenable. This new role has been both challenging and exciting.

    With your background you’re committed to serving the people of India in alignment with the principle of ‘Satyameva Jayate.’ How do these values influence your approach to legal advocacy? Additionally, what advice would you give to aspiring young lawyers who hope to achieve similar success in the legal field?

    In a profession where the pressures are immense and the temptations to take shortcuts can be strong, staying true to the pursuit of truth ensures not only professional integrity but also personal satisfaction and long-term success. Hence, my belief in the principle of “Satyamev Jayate” (which translates to “Truth Alone Triumphs”). It is the very foundation upon which I approach every case, every client interaction and every argument in court.

    To all young and aspiring lawyers, my sincere advice is simple yet uncompromising: there are no shortcuts in this profession. Legal practice demands a tremendous amount of patience, perseverance and hard work. Knowledge, reputation and success are built slowly, case by case, argument by argument.

    Be humble, Be honest and work hard. 

    With your demanding professional commitments, how do you maintain a healthy work-life balance and prioritize your personal well-being while managing such a wide range of responsibilities?

    Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is something that is crucial, especially in a profession as demanding as law, where we have frequent long work hours and constant deadlines. It is essential to understand that while dedication to your work is important, your well-being is the foundation that supports everything else including your performance, your relationships and your long-term success.

    To be honest, at this point in my career, I have not been able to maintain the kind of balance I would ideally want. Building an independent practice, handling sensitive matters and representing clients to the best of my ability have often meant that personal time, fitness and mental relaxation have taken a back seat. However, with time and experience, I have realized that burnout is real, and without consciously making space for your own health both physical and mental it becomes difficult to sustain the level of excellence we all aspire to achieve. I am now committed to prioritizing myself and my well-being more consciously which means setting clearer boundaries. I recognize that nurturing my health is not just good for me but also essential for the quality of work I deliver.

    Get in touch with Tejasva Mehra –

  • “As a first-generation lawyer, I was driven by a desire to make a difference. My passion for justice and service has always been my guiding force.” – Gaurav Sharma, Independent practitioner at the Supreme Court of India & High Court of Delhi 

    “As a first-generation lawyer, I was driven by a desire to make a difference. My passion for justice and service has always been my guiding force.” – Gaurav Sharma, Independent practitioner at the Supreme Court of India & High Court of Delhi 

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    What inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how did your journey begin at the National Law Institute University, Bhopal? 

    I was always inspired by a desire to make a difference, always had an interest in justice and fairness, and a passion for resolving issues. It either had to be civil services or advocacy for me! Starting law school at NLIU Bhopal was an exciting experience. I was all set to tackle law and life. However, initially, it is like being hit by a whirlwind of confusion, trying to get a hang of things. Eventually, you get used to the law school life, make friends, and, ironic as it sounds, they end up becoming your partners in crime! By the end of your time at NLIU, you’ll emerge not only as a legal professional but also as a treasure trove of memorable experiences and friendships that will last a lifetime. 

    When you first began your career in litigation, what were some of the key challenges you faced, and how did you overcome them? Additionally, how has your approach to handling complex litigation evolved over the years, given your extensive experience across various legal domains? 

    In the early stages of my litigation career, one of the main challenges was adapting to the high-pressure environment of court proceedings and developing the ability to think quickly and strategically. Building my reputation and gaining trust in such a competitive field also took time and effort. I focused on learning procedural law, improving my courtroom skills, and seeking advice from my seniors and other experienced lawyers. Taking on smaller cases helped me build confidence and experience. Over the years, my approach to handling complex cases has become more strategic. With more experience, I now focus on aligning legal strategies with my client’s long-term goals, managing teams effectively,  and navigating the complexities of challenging cases. My methods have evolved to be more thoughtful and aimed at achieving the best possible outcomes.

    Working with prominent figures like Mr. Sumeet Pushkarna and Ms. Jyoti  Mendiratta must have been enriching. What were some key learnings from these experiences? 

    Working with Mr. Sumeet Pushkarna and Ms. Jyoti Mendiratta was an incredible experience. These experiences were both, the founding and the building stones of my career in litigation. From Mr. Pushkarna, I learnt the importance of time and developed the ability to multitask. Working with him inculcated a sense of discipline and punctuality, which has helped me immensely in my professional life. Ms. Mendiratta, on the other hand, taught me the value of empathy and understanding in legal practice. She showed me how important it is to truly listen to clients and understand their concerns. Both of them emphasized the importance of maintaining integrity and professionalism in all aspects of the job. These lessons have been invaluable for me. 

    You handle a diverse range of cases, from civil and criminal matters to arbitration and consumer disputes. How do you manage such a broad spectrum, and what are the challenges and rewards of this diversity? 

    Juggling such a variety of cases is like running a legal marathon! It keeps my mind constantly engaged, and my days are anything but boring. The key is to stay organized and to keep learning. I make it a point to stay updated with the latest laws and rely on my network and colleagues for advice when things get challenging. The main challenge is balancing the demands of each type of case. Criminal cases can be quite urgent and intense, while arbitration involves more strategic thinking and patience. Despite the challenges, diversity is ultimately rewarding. It keeps me on my toes and allows me to help a wide range of clients, which I find not only satisfying but also fun. Each case teaches me something new and contributes to my growth as a lawyer.

    Could you discuss a few notable cases you have worked on, particularly those involving public interest litigations or significant legal challenges? 

    One notable experience that stands out for me in my litigation career was my first-ever arbitration case, handed over to me by my senior. It was a complex dispute, and I had the opportunity to handle it from start to finish. The arbitration award was in our favor, which was a significant win for our client. What made this case particularly memorable was the recognition I received not just from the arbitrator but also from the opposing counsel, who appreciated my work. 

    What advice would you give to young lawyers entering the profession today?  What key skills and attributes should they focus on developing?

    My advice to young lawyers in a single line would be: Brace yourselves for a wild ride and keep a sense of humour handy. Jokes apart, I would advise young lawyers to never stop learning. The legal field is constantly evolving, so stay curious and keep up with the latest developments. Networking is crucial, too. Build relationships with colleagues and mentors, they’ll be invaluable throughout your career. Additionally, I would advise them to work on their communication and to be respectful, empathetic and resilient. The legal profession can be demanding and unpredictable and it is important to be able to bounce back from setbacks. Finally, keep your passion alive. 

    Outside of law, what are your personal interests or hobbies? How do these activities help you maintain a work-life balance?

    Maintaining a work-life balance is of immense importance to me. I try not to bring my work back home and have a personal life beyond it. I usually turn to music and movies to unwind and enjoy catching up with my friends and family after work. These things help me maintain a work-life balance by providing a healthy distraction and keeping me refreshed. They remind me that there’s more to life than just work, which is essential for staying motivated and avoiding burnout. 

    Can you share your experiences with pro bono work? How do you choose the causes you support, and what impact do you hope to make through these efforts? 

    There’s something remarkably fulfilling about being able to help and give back to society. I would like to think that I try to do it to the best of my capabilities, not only legally but otherwise as well. I typically choose causes that resonate with me or where I feel I can make a positive difference, even if it’s small. 

    You have the unique experience of practicing in various courts, from District  Courts to the High Court and the Supreme Court of India. How do the experience and approach differ when handling cases in these different judicial environments, and what insights can you share about the nuances of working at each level? 

    Practicing in various courts and fora has shown me just how varied the legal process can be at each level and how each level has its own approaches and challenges. It makes you understand the importance of learning both the procedural aspects and the strategic elements of legal practice. In District Courts, the focus is on gathering facts and building the groundwork of a case. In High Courts, you need to be able to present clear and persuasive arguments and dive deep into legal principles. At the Supreme Court, the focus shifts to bigger legal questions. Practicing at each level has taught me to be adaptable and helped me grow as a lawyer. 

    As an experienced advocate, how do you mentor junior lawyers and interns in your chamber? What are the key lessons you emphasize to them? 

    Mentoring junior lawyers and interns is as rewarding as it is demanding. It involves guiding them through the practicalities of legal practice, fostering their professional development, and instilling core values. I’m anyway more of a friendly colleague than a tough taskmaster to them. I give complete freedom to my junior associates to take up independent work. Allowing independence while maintaining a supportive framework helps junior lawyers and interns develop essential skills and confidence, preparing them for more significant responsibilities in their careers.

    Get in touch with Gaurav Sharma-

  • “Life is what happens to you when you are busy making other plans” – From Medicine to Mastery in Law: Rajvendra Sarswat, Independent practitioner & Senior Standing Counsel for Union of India

    “Life is what happens to you when you are busy making other plans” – From Medicine to Mastery in Law: Rajvendra Sarswat, Independent practitioner & Senior Standing Counsel for Union of India

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Could you please help our readers get to know you better by sharing how you came into the field of law? We’d love to hear about your journey, who inspired you to join the legal profession, and the challenges you faced initially.  

    Many of us will agree that growing up in the nineties, there used to be primarily two career choices every student had to make at a certain stage, either medicals or engineering, and similarly I was also in the same mainstream preparing to be a doctor someday. Law was surprisingly introduced to me by my brother which intrigued me when I explored more about it as a profession. As I always believe in the quote that ‘life is what happens to you when you are busy making other plans’. I joined National Law University, Jodhpur as its first batch student and graduated in the year 2006 with Corporate Law Honors in B.B.A. LL.B. and thereafter joined Kanga & Company, Mumbai and also worked with Majmudar & Partners, Mumbai till close to 2011 end. While working with these firms it was purely general corporate, M&A and PE transactional work with almost negligible work related to litigation and the learning I received from both these places left a significant impression in my approach towards work. My initial years into litigation were very challenging and every new case I got was accepted as a blessing. I was appointed as amicus curiae or Court commissioner in many Public Interest Litigations during my initial years which gave me the opportunity to appear regularly before the court and to make myself relevant. I was always open to any area of law and focused myself to take each case as the most important and crucial for me for building myself as a litigation lawyer.   

    As Senior Standing Counsel for Union of India, GST, Central Excise / Customs, what are the key challenges you face in representing such a broad spectrum of governmental interests?

    The most fascinating part of representing tax department in the High Court is that mostly the controversies involved are interpretational issues where constitutional validity is under question and having serious implications wherein invariably I get the chance to argue against the best and top tax lawyers of the country, which I believe is a valuable learning experience for me. As we know that the Goods and Service Tax law is new and evolving so many issues are nascent and completely innovative in its challenge which is a constant learning experience. One has to keep in mind the complexity of Laws, diverse stakes, managing the litigation coupled with the factor in change in the policy. However, balancing the government’s interests with the broader public interest can be a delicate task. Ensuring that legal actions align with public expectations and serve the overall welfare of the society is important. Navigating these challenges requires a deep understanding of legal intricacies, effective communication skills, strategic thinking, and the ability to adapt to dynamic legal landscapes.

    We want to understand how different the study of law is compared to the practice of law. What was the most challenging aspect of transitioning from academic learning to actual legal practice?  

    What we study in law school is a very fundamental yet primitive part of law. The actual application and understating of the practical aspects of law comes only when we enter in the profession. As a first generation lawyer, the journey is altogether different and difficult because you inherit nothing and have to build everything from scratch but the good part is that you have an empty canvas and you are the artist. A fresh law school graduate who wishes to enter into litigation should always start with fundamental and practical aspects including the process of filing or curing of defects therefore I also advise to start from trial courts for at least two years before practicing in higher forums. Nowadays it’s good to see that law schools are also focusing on practical learning aspects other than just theoretical teaching. Applying legal principles to real cases, clients, and situations requires a different skill set than memorizing legal theories. In academia, the emphasis is often on analysing case law and statutes. However, in practice, building strong client relationships, effective communication, and understanding client needs become crucial. Developing these interpersonal skills can be challenging for some. In a practical legal environment, time management becomes critical. Meeting deadlines, handling multiple cases simultaneously, and managing client expectations require efficient time management skills that may not be as emphasized in academic settings. And, most importantly grappling with ethical dilemmas, maintaining client confidentiality, and upholding professional conduct standards are integral parts of legal practice that go beyond academic discussions of legal ethics. I also happen to be a guest faculty at a few law universities. I also give lectures at many intuitions and this helps me keep my own learning in the game.     

    How do you approach the complexities of constitutional writs compared to other types of legal matters you handle, and what strategies have proven most effective for you?  

    The unique feature of writ jurisdiction is that it’s an extraordinary remedy and how you can convince the court to get a favourable order depends upon how innovative and ingenious you can be. In my experience of being into litigation, I believe there is only one strategy and that is there is no strategy. You have to be quick on your feet, well prepared and thoroughly researched. One of the key focuses should be on the drafting because there may not be occasion for you to change your pleadings in the later stage if you have missed out a crucial fact or legal ground. You must know what to speak and more importantly what not to speak. Court crafting is an art and it takes patience and keen openness for observing to learn on a daily basis which cannot be taught but has to be learnt. By combining thorough legal research, precise drafting, effective oral advocacy, and a deep understanding of constitutional principles, handling constitutional writs can be approached with the rigor and strategic insight they demand. This ensures that the complexities of these cases are navigated effectively, maximizing the chances of a favourable outcome. When I joined litigation, I ensured to be in the court and get the chance to hear senior advocates arguing their matters because one can learn a lot from mere observation as to how a particular case was presented and how the questions of the court were replied back. 

    What innovations or changes would you like to see in the Indian judicial system to improve efficiency and fairness in legal proceedings? Additionally, what steps are you personally taking or planning to take to help achieve these improvements?   

    We are presently in a rapidly growing and evolving legal system. Before the covid pandemic, none ever imagined the idea of having courts running online where lawyers and even litigants were attending courts from home. Now we have a seamless virtual platform where any lawyer can not only do the filing but also attend the court. We just need more adaptability and openness to it. However, that is mostly at the High Court and Supreme Court or other higher forums, which needs to be adopted at all the levels. This requires proper infrastructure and training. Once this is achieved, service of process, examination of witness, inspection etc. many such procedural aspects which delays the justice dispension system can be curtailed. We are currently transitioning our entire office from physical file to digital file and do not carry physical file to the dias. This way we have access to the entire office record, documents and relevant judgments with ease even if we are travelling. 

    You transitioned from being an associate to a legal head and then switched back to a senior associate role. What differences did you observe in both practice areas during these transitions, and what motivated your move back to the litigation?  

    You cannot compare being an associate in a corporate non-litigation firm with being an in-house counsel with any corporate organisation with having your independent practice as they all work within their uniquely peculiar sphere. The kind of work you do, the atmosphere you work in, the people you deal with on a daily basis, the issues you have to handle independently, they all are different and distinct. The initial journey is always difficult, nonetheless, they all have their own challenges and benefits. After graduating from law school; my primary interest was to work with a good corporate law firm, either in Delhi or Mumbai. I got a chance to work with two very reputed firms in Mumbai and a brief period to be legal head of a public limited company. However, after working for a few years I realised the quench of working on my own started bubbling up. I remember I had visited the High Court once for a matter related to one of my relatives and after observing the lawyers and court room, from there the idea of starting my own practice triggered inside. It was a very difficult and risky decision to take after investing years into Mumbai and then coming back to Jodhpur coupled with the fact being a first generation lawyer, but somehow I took the plunge. My initial few years as a litigation lawyer were difficult with self-doubts and fear as to who will give me work and how will I sustain; but I also believe that such fear keeps you motivated too.

    Mr. Sarswat, transitioning from prestigious firms to independent practice is often a significant milestone. Could you share how your independent practice is evolving, and which specific areas of law are you currently focusing on? Additionally, what qualities do you look for in interns who seek to work under your guidance? Any suggestions you would like to give them?

    I practice primarily constitutional writs, civil, arbitration and a few criminal matters too. Public Interest Litigation has inspired me to a significant manner which lead me to file and appear in many such PILs involving public issues around me, where we have been successful to get very favourable orders from Court either as the counsel or as the amicus curiae. We also do a lot of arbitration practice. The qualities which I aspire and look for in anyone who is willing to join litigation is patience, persistence and hard work. There is no shortcut in this profession and if one can maintain that, the sky’s the limit. I firmly believe that every person has a unique journey and the only comparison you should have is with yourself as to what you were one year back in the past. I find young lawyers getting impatient, which is inevitable though, but this is a lifelong building profession and takes time. One has to be well prepared with facts and position of law, latest judgment on the issue involved. If you are sincere and hardworking, you will automatically stand out and become noticeable. If one can manage to do that, one will be picked up at the right time from the right people and the path will appear. Lastly, never be too focused that you miss out little opportunities at the corner of your eyes and if you wish to take litigation as a serious and primary choice of profession, then only join it otherwise don’t start it with as plan B.

    Outside of law, what hobbies or personal interests do you pursue that help you maintain a balanced perspective?  

    I love to read and travel. I believe the more you read and travel, the broader perspective you achieve about various aspects of life. One should have a habit of reading at least 15-20 pages daily, other than office work. I also write and paint at times. Every new place you visit, teaches you a lot about yourself as a person too. I also love running and keeping myself physically fit because a healthy body can only give you a healthy mind. I love to listen to old school music and my favourite bands or artists are U2, Bob Dylan and all time legends Kishore Kumar and Jagjit Singh.  

    Get in touch with Rajvendra Sarswat-

  • “The legal profession requires tireless dedication in the first five years, but it rewards you with identity and success that cannot be easily taken away,” – Nattasha Garg,  Independent Practitioner & Special Counsel for Enforcement Directorate

    “The legal profession requires tireless dedication in the first five years, but it rewards you with identity and success that cannot be easily taken away,” – Nattasha Garg,  Independent Practitioner & Special Counsel for Enforcement Directorate

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    How did your journey into law begin? Please walk us through your journey from college to where you are. What were the challenges you faced along the way?  And what inspired you to specialize in disputes and commercial litigation? 

    I hail from a small town, Siliguri in West Bengal and from a business family. While exploring career options after 12th Board exams, I wanted to pursue a career in journalism, given my love for reading and writing. My father however wanted me to study law. He believed in my capability to become a lawyer and nudged me to join ILS Law College, Pune. As luck would have it, I got through the merit list at ILS Pune. 

    In my initial months in Pune, I was quite intimidated while interacting with students from big cities of India and abroad. In fact, almost 60% of my colleagues were from a background of lawyer/ judge families and civil servants. Albeit, right after the first semester results, I started finding my feet, confidence and good friends. 

    Throughout college, I aspired to join the fancy corporate law firms and practice corporate laws. In fact, I participated in most mooting events as a researcher and a compiler to hone my corporate drafting skills. I even joined Khaitan & Partners, Delhi in their Banking and Project Finance Team. I had not thought about becoming a litigator.

    Initial years of practice is all about being open to learning and working on different aspects and subjects of law. I was also open to learning. In fact, when joined as an associate in LakshmiKumaran & Sridharan, I was a common associate for three teams- Corporate and Regulatory Advisory as well as the Litigation Team. I took up every kind of assignment that three partners in the firm were working on. I dawdled between subjects like FEMA, Legal Metrology, Companies Act, SEBI and at the same time assisted the litigation team. Interestingly, my first two litigation assignments were what sparked my interest and love towards litigation. The first matter was an outstation matter before Gujarat Electricity Commission in Ahmedabad where we secured a landmark favourable order and the second one was a heavily contested banking finance litigation before the Delhi High Court. It was while working on the litigation side that I realised that this was where I belonged. 

    As an expert in commercial law, white-collar crimes, and insolvency laws, what trends do you foresee shaping the legal landscape in the coming years?

    In 2016, there was a major overhaul with the introduction of insolvency code, RERA and the commercial courts act and changes in the arbitration act. It was around this time that the ED- money laundering also started becoming active. It is very interesting how these amendments and legislations have completely changed the face and speed of deciding commercial disputes. These changes being relatively new, they have been developing and updating at an astronomical pace. 

    I believe earlier, there were mainly three choices of practice- Criminal, Civil and Corporate Law. Over time, commercial law practice has become a homogenous mix of all of the above, since these legislations include criminal prosecution of directors. Commercial laws, especially insolvency laws have blurred the gap between civil/ criminal since they also entail criminal prosecution and even trial for procedural defaults. For instance, corporates and their management are facing civil and criminal prosecution, money laundering and SFIO proceedings in respect of loan default cases, construction default cases and so on. The same companies are also undergoing insolvency.  The gap therefore has been bridged. 

    Courts are also more accessible to business houses as well as individuals since IBC allows individuals to approach the NCLT for every grievance over their claims, without any pecuniary threshold. Homebuyers for instance are more aware of their rights under law, they have become very powerful in exercising their remedies across forums and manipulating insolvency of big corporates. The High Courts and the Supreme Court have also aggressively promoted these changes, as a result, the Tribunals have become powerful. A lot of jurisprudence is being developed at the Tribunal level. 

    Your educational journey includes both LLB and Company Secretary qualifications. What inspired you to pursue Company Secretaryship alongside your legal career, and how do you believe it has enriched your practice as a lawyer?

    While in college, I aspired to become a corporate lawyer and engage with a fancy law firm. I therefore utilised my time after college to pursue Company Secretaries and certain diplomas in business and cyber laws. Any additional degree, especially something as in-depth as Company Secretaries, always adds up to the otherwise textbook knowledge that is gained in college education. In my case, the fundamentals regarding companies compliances, checklist compliances, basics like examining forms under legal provisions to understand the scope of the provision, really helped me gain better understanding of commercial laws. Eventually, it all added up since it helped me do a lot of FEMA, SEBI and Companies advisory work in the early years of my practice. Even now, while examining the role of companies in money laundering matters, I find it helpful to examine the statutory filings from the MCA and check the relevant forms with the registrar of companies. 

    Beyond your professional achievements, what are some personal interests or hobbies that you’re passionate about? What advice would you give to the current generation looking to pursue a career in law, especially in your specialized areas?

    I love reading books on history, fiction, fantasy and recently added genres- mythological fiction. Lately, I have developed a keen interest in reading the Bhagwad Gita by Devdutt Pattnaik.  I also take time to travel. 

    I believe that the habit of casual reading really helps in loving the profession as well. I always advise my younger colleagues to read newspapers. This one habit- not only helps a lawyer keep updated, but subconsciously keeps the curiosity and hunger that is needed in the profession, going. 

    As opposed to my earlier days, the new generation has it easier on account of law files and entire offices having become digitised, one does not have to carry huge files and journals around, they can read from the comfort of homes, be better prepared because of access to material online. Zoom meetings have made conferences more efficient and less time consuming. With things becoming easier and accessible, the current generation that I have come across, is taking more for granted. 

    I believe that our legal profession requires tireless first five years and intense hard work, long nights and discipline. I would advise freshers to join the profession with this in mind and thereafter, the legal profession rewards with identity and success that cannot be easily taken away. 

    Can you share a memorable moment from your career that reinforced your passion for advocating justice? 

    Recently, the Delhi High Court passed a landmark order, allowing my clients, a group of 250 retired members of the BSF Army, to get possession of their units in a Tower, on as-is-where-is basis from a Company undergoing winding up, instead of them waiting for the liquidator to take steps and then go through the entire payment mechanism under the Companies Act. In doing justice to these set of allottees, the Court exercised its extraordinary jurisdiction in a winding up matter, giving homes to 250 retired persons who had spent most of their life savings for their retirement houses. It has been one of the most fulfilling matters I have done, where not only professionally but personally I have been able to secure justice to ones who deserve.

    I started finding my profession immensely fulfilling when people around me- my domestic staff, their neighbours and my neighbours started reaching out to me for legal aid out of hearsay. I became aware of the power and social responsibility attached and it was deeply satisfying to be able to help them. I strongly believe in the wise words of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg- “If you want to be a true professional, do something outside yourself.”

    Your work often involves representing various entities before different courts and tribunals. What key differences do you find while representing different courts and tribunals, and could you share some nuances or insights you’ve gained from navigating these diverse legal arenas?

    Besides the Supreme Court and the High Court, Delhi also is the headquarters for various Tribunals and quasi-judicial bodies. Each of these Tribunals have their own systems in place, filing procedures, and hearings which are peculiar to such Courts.  

    As I have said earlier, a great deal of jurisprudence is being developed in Tribunals because the High Courts and Supreme Courts are rigorously promoting the development of law at this stage and have reduced their interference with orders passed by them. The Tribunals also are focussed on a special kind of law. The preparation for matters before Tribunals is vastly different and much more detailed from the higher courts owing to the uniqueness of process and procedure before each Tribunal.

    Watching the court proceedings, studying the precedents and views taken by the said Tribunal on a subject before approaching them and enquiring from counsels regularly appearing there does go a long way in addressing them better. Over time, it is good to specialise in a few Courts to sharpen the skills and presence in certain courts and Tribunals.  

    Transitioning to independent practice can be a significant milestone in a lawyer’s career. Could you share your experience of practicing independently and shed some light on the challenges one might encounter in this path, along with any key insights you’ve gained along the way?

    As a young lawyer not having any base or family in Delhi, I had never imagined I would get the chance of starting my independent practice and it looked too far-fetched and incredible. The day I took this decision, it was a mixture of uncertainty, turmoil, self- doubt yet some inner voice giving me strength. 

    The first year is often easier, because one has no great expectations with oneself, the struggle begins once you have surpassed your own low expectations- to maintain and to grow.

    Practising independently is a whole new challenge than working in Chambers and law firms. It is a totally uncharted territory whether it is basic day-to-day administration in running the office, or dealing with clients coupled with the uncertainty of a regular monthly income. The same work that one has been doing while working under someone, when done as an independent practitioner, seems like a lot more challenging as the accountability is much more. I have spent days initially, just wondering what fees to quote for a matter. 

    As an independent lawyer, the biggest handicap I face is engaging good juniors to join and retaining them. This is because graduates are always aspiring to join big firms with higher remuneration or some other reason. There is high attrition for that reason. I also believe that clients are much more demanding with independent lawyers in terms of deadlines and bargain hard on payments. 

    Having said this, two things I also credit to the legal fraternity- one that it always gives opportunities to ones who are willing to take on the task and second- I did not face any gender discrimination at least in getting opportunities. By and large, most of the people I have worked with have been extremely encouraging and never fail to put in a good word.

    Among the multitude of cases you’ve handled, could you share with us which one stands out as your personal favourite? One that presented significant challenges yet provided a rewarding experience in your career journey?

    The most memorable dispute which I hold close to my heart was a family dispute arbitration between Ajanta family. I was relatively young and had no experience of arbitration laws and procedure, much less briefing very strict and seasoned senior advocates like Mr. Dushyant Dave, Mr. Gopal Subramaniam and the likes. This matter was a heavily contested litigation, which led me to frequently travel, helped me learn drafting, filing, carrying out a cross examination, handling contempt matters and conducting overall arbitration. The seniors were very patient and kind to me and even the Ld. Arbitrator, Late Justice RC Lahoti appreciated my work and efforts in the Award. 

    Given your extensive experience, what qualities do you look for when hiring interns to join your practice, and how do you nurture their growth and development during their time with you?

    I look for two main things in new joinees- one is their curiosity and passion to learn and explore the legal subject. The second is the effort they are willing to take to quench their curiosity. 

    I have learnt that the legal profession is not just for nerds, it is also for the street-smart. Although I belonged to the former category, I greatly admire smart workers as long as they can get the job done. 

    I always advise my younger colleagues to work with passion, but also have a hobby outside of the office. I also encourage them to have a social network of lawyers, it allows exchange of legal anecdotes, assistance and exchange of information which overall helps in development as a good well informed lawyer. 

    Get in touch with Nattasha Garg-

  • “Pro bono cases are like repaying the unseen debt from society. It’s our obligation to give back.” – Prabhu Prasanna Behera, Central Government Counsel & Founder at Office of Prabhu Prasanna Behra and Associates

    “Pro bono cases are like repaying the unseen debt from society. It’s our obligation to give back.” – Prabhu Prasanna Behera, Central Government Counsel & Founder at Office of Prabhu Prasanna Behra and Associates

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    As a first-generation lawyer, what motivated you to choose law as your career path? Were there any particular mentors or figures who played a significant role in guiding and supporting you on your journey to success?  

    When I was in School, particularly in Std. VI, we were taught about three pillars of Democracy. Thus from there I had an idea that when someone has the Law degree, then only he can touch all the three pillars like, Executive, Judiciary and Legislative. 

    Secondly I had an opportunity to interact with Hon’ble Justice Rangnath Mishra, The Former Chief Justice of India and Member of Rajya-Sabha. He  had visited our School namely Sri. Aurobindo School of New Thought, at Cuttack as the Chief Guest. That time he was the Member of Rajya Sabha. I had the honour of receiving the Best Student of the School award from him and hence could share a few minutes with him in the office of the Principal. Seeing his profile I felt that I would definitely study Law.

    Then when I completed my +2 Science, I joined 5-years B.A. LL.B (H) Course in Madhusudan Law College (Now Madhusudan Law University) as I used to read about said Institution in News Paper. Of course I was / am also impacted with the Life of the Great Hero of Odisha Late Madhu Sudan Das, popularly known as Utkal Gaurav Madhu barrister. 

    To answer the second part of the question,  I humbly believe that I am yet to achieve Success. It is because, I think Success is the journey and not the destination. Every day I feel that a lot to be done and people who we idolise also have the same hour of work maximum up to 24 hours a day but they are doing so much. So I always wonder about learning and I humbly think that continuous learning is the only option we have. 

    It is also a fact that many seniors and teachers have contributed to my professional career to have been shaped. I am always obliged for their contribution. 

    Considering your extensive experience and successful practice in various courts, did you ever contemplate joining a law firm, or was independent practice always your preferred path? If so, what factors influenced your decision to pursue an independent practice from the outset of your career?  

    Honestly I have never thought of joining a Law Firm or for that matter having my practice in such a design. There is no specific reason as such. 

    Maybe in the state of Odisha there is no such environment or such style of practice. We may not find many Law Firms in Odisha. 

    If I think a little more I would like to state that, I had the humble opportunity to have been engaged by a few Law Firms in some cases in Odisha. Then I had developed a good rapport with the firms so probably could not think of joining a firm for my practice. 

    To the second part of the question, My Senior Mr. Aswini Kumar Mishra was always stating that the day you join the bar, you should always feel like an independent practitioner and develop yourself like that. That gives you a sense of responsibility and you become more and more responsible. Thus I have always been inclined towards Independent Practice. 

    My idea of Independent Practice is not just having an Independent Office, Independent practice starts from the point when start doing a case or dealing with a client independently winning his confidence till the end of the litigation. That can also be done when you are working with a senior.

    You have authored and published a law book and are working on several other compilations. What drives you to write, and how do you think your publications contribute to the legal field?  

    I humbly believe that the Law Students, Lawyers and each one of us are like a ship in the ocean of  Legal profession. In order to reach the destination or the port, the ship requires a strong radar. The more effective the radar, it will be easier to reach at the destination.

    Therefore writing articles, research papers, books, compilations are like a radar for the individual professional or student. You stand out and make a different identity for yourself in the fraternity. 

    Secondly it is also helpful for legal research and helping people learn the Law. 

    For example many judges are known and remembered for their books may not be for the judgements. Many exceptional lawyers who are stalwarts in Law are remembered for their erudite books not just for the arguments advanced in the courtRoom. 

    Lastly, writing and researching keeps growing and we never feel complacent.  

    More than eight of your juniors are now in independent practice. What do you think are the key qualities or skills that you have imparted to them that have contributed to their success?  

    स तु दीर्घकालनैरन्तर्यसत्कारासेवितो   दृढभूमि :

    sa tu dīrgha kāla nairantarya satkārā ‘‘sevito dṛḍhabhūmiḥ

    This is the famous sutra from Paranjalai Yoga Sutra which defines “PRACTICE”. 

    It says 

    “ sa tu dīrgha kāla” Which means For a Longer Period

     “Nairantarya” which means Without any break/interruption 

    “satkārā ‘‘sevito” which means With Honour and Respect.

    Further Honour and respect means – Giving 100% in what you do at a given point of time. 

    That is Practice. 

    What we all try to do is to continuously be in the learning process, without any break and with honour and respect. 

    On the other hand I always tell my associates that People come to Lawyers and Doctors when they are in trouble.

    So we need to be careful and empathetic towards their problems. For some persons, Magistrate’s Court or The District Courts are the last hope. They do not know the High Court or Supreme Court. They cannot afford to reach also.(Although we have Legal Aid)

    So we need to be extra cautious in our professional work and try to be honest and deliver the service .

    Lastly My associates are trained with a particular line which is “We will not say what sounds good, we will tell what is Good and more particularly what is good for the Client and his case”. 

    This helps us in winning the confidence of clients. They remain with us for all time to come. 

    One more thing we always try to do is SWOT analysis. i.e. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities  and Threats. (I believe there is no Threats.It can be replaced with “Challenges”). 

    You conduct “Pro Bono” cases. Can you discuss the importance of pro bono work in the legal profession and share any memorable experiences from your pro bono cases?  

    Pro bono cases are like repaying the unseen debt that we have received from the society. When we were studying Law or any other course in school or colleges, the amount of financials/money involved and spent by the institutions are much higher than that of the fees we paid to the said institution. Therefore the extra amount which the institution has spent for us is taken from the society. Hence when we start earning from the formal education received from that educational institution it becomes our obligation to put our efforts to repay the debt that we have received from the society by doing some good work. And pro bono cases can be one of these small steps towards the repayment of unseen debt.

    On the other hand receiving remuneration from the cases is like “LAXMI”. When people receive money by false promise and illegal manner that is like “AA-LAXMI”. When professional help the needy people honestly and receive blessings as may be little amount that is like “MAHA-LAXMI”

    LAXMI- Comes and Goes, it’s the Most Dynamic.

    AA-LAXMI- Come in abundance and definitely will go making everything Empty or will Attract negativity. 

    MAHA-LAXMI- may come slowly but will always remain with you and it  will grow not just in terms of Money and objects but also in terms of good will as well as blessings. 

    Reflecting on your legal career, what have been some of the biggest challenges you’ve faced, and how have you overcome them? Additionally, could you share your future goals and aspirations for your legal practice and your contributions to the legal community?  

    The biggest challenge has been the resources such as the library and recognition in the bar as a good lawyer. When you argue well then automatically people assume that you must be the second generation lawyer and the son/daughter of some senior advocate or judge. Secondly, when you compare your counterparts, your friends from school and colleges who are working in other sectors and also in law forms, the remuneration that they receive is much higher than what you get in litigation. In a middle class family that too when you have nobody in the profession there is a constant pressure for joining services like judiciary, law clerk or teaching. Of course teaching was my second preference and I have been teaching till date also. But primarily I would say there has been no such big challenge but the challenges are the opportunities to learn to make yourself a better person and a better professional. 

    As far as overcoming the challenges are concerned the only thing which I strongly believe that helps is continuous learning, dedicated work, ignoring the negative thoughts and ideas as well as negative factors of course by recognising it properly.

    It is said “Jag Mein jiye to kaise jiye… jaise JAL Mein Kamal ka phool khile”

    It means like a Lotus that blooms in water, but its roots are in mud. When you take it out, it is unaffected by the water or by the mud.

    Thus I strongly feel that we should not be affected by the difficult times and negativity. Rather we should be focusing on the work.

    We’ve heard that your office warmly welcomes students for learning opportunities. Could you tell us more about your internship program? How can students connect with you for internships, and what specific skills or qualities do you look for when considering interns for opportunities in your office?  

    As I said in the above question, internship programs are like fixing your ladder and finding out the place where you can think of a career in your future. Students should be open in learning from various organisations not just the legal aspect but also the functional and organizational structure of the institutions where they are Interning.

    I remember when I was in law College, at that time we noticed that there were neither internships programmes nor any organization used to allow law students to join as an intern in their organization.

    I along with one of my friends had to work hard and by requesting the then chairperson of Human Rights Commission, Women Commission, and other organizations like NABARD, companies like NALCO, we introduced internships program in their work schedule.

    Now we see that the students are highly benefited with such internships programs in those organizations. 

    In so far as working as an intern in our office is concerned the only criteria that we look for is the interest of the student. If somebody is interested and has an honest urge to learn, we would love to make him or her a part of our office.

    One thing I always tell that once somebody is interning with us, we make sure that he or she becomes a part of our family and we would always stand for the student and the student should feel that he himself  is a part of the team so that he would never feel that he has nobody to guide or no scope to learn or he has just worked for a month or two only for a certificate.  

    Managing a diverse legal practice, teaching, and engaging in spiritual activities must be demanding. How do you maintain a balance between your professional and personal life?  

    As I have mentioned above that everyone has 24 hours, accordingly we need to schedule and balance our work. Legal practice is the profession, teaching is the passion and spiritual activity is a way of life which does not require a specific time; rather it is an inherent, unseen as well as coexisting factor which remains always with you in whatever and whichever position you are. I believe everyone is connected to spirituality somewhere or the other. Therefore for spiritual practice no specific time is required or you need not think that it is going to take a lot of time from the day to day activities.

    You’ve mentioned your interest in researching Indian Knowledge Systems. Could you share with us how you integrate insights from Indian Knowledge Systems into your legal practice, and how does this unique perspective enhance your approach to legal issues?  

    I have participated in a course conducted by Sri Sri University, Cuttack, designed by Prof. Dr. Richa Chopra, working in IIT Kharagpur, namely “Human Development and Psychology Vedic and Modern Perspective”. The said course is like a bouquet of knowledge and helps in introspecting and knowing the impact and impressions on human life of various factors such as art, science, music, astrology, mathematics, chemistry, ayurveda, embryology, social life, family life etc. The course helps in knowing “why I am the way I am”. From there I could gather that there is a lot to be learnt beyond the parameters of the syllabus.

    Further reading of various texts and more particularly after introduction of National Education Policy, I believe that every subject which we study in the institution as a part of the syllabus is connected to the Indian knowledge system and has its source from the Indian knowledge system. 

    If we study that and try to connect with the same, then it might not be so helpful in academics but it will definitely enlarge the ideas thoughts as well as define the views on that particular subject.

    Directly a professional may not get some tangible benefits from the study of the Indian knowledge system but I believe that in a long run it would be definitely beneficial. 

    Get in touch with Prabhu Prasanna Behera-

  • “As a Panel Advocate, I developed ethical practising skills and increased my corporate legal field knowledge.” – From Ayurveda to Advocacy: The Transformative Journey of Deen Dayal Purohit, Advocate at the Jaipur High Court & Purohit & Associates,

    “As a Panel Advocate, I developed ethical practising skills and increased my corporate legal field knowledge.” – From Ayurveda to Advocacy: The Transformative Journey of Deen Dayal Purohit, Advocate at the Jaipur High Court & Purohit & Associates,

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Could you please introduce yourself to our readers and walk us through your journey? Also before pursuing your LL.B., you completed a diploma in Ayurveda Ratna. What motivated you to switch to law after seven years in Ayurveda? What inspired you to pursue law?

    Yes, I’ll feel grateful to introduce myself and about my journey to you. From 1985 to 2000, I served as a consultant in the renowned Ayurveda Pharmaceutical company, meanwhile, in 1997 my brother B.P. Chhangani was selected for judicial service. He motivated me to do an LLB course, and as you know I cleared LLB in the year 2000 and started practising as an Advocate from 2000 onwards to continue.

    Could you please elaborate on the main practice areas you specialize in and the types of cases you most frequently handle in your legal practice?

    My main practising areas are Criminal, and Writs in the High Court.

    What responsibilities does your position as a Public Notary for the Government of India entail, and how does it integrate with your other legal work?

    In the tribunals and high courts, documents need to be notarized, so, it is a part of day-to-day professional practice.

    You have been a panel advocate for numerous institutions. How does this role differ from private practice, and what skills have you developed from these experiences? Please share some insights from your work as a panel advocate.

    Panel Advocating work is different from private practice. As a Panel Advocate, I’m working in corporate culture. During my work as a Panel Advocate, I developed ethical practising skills and increased my corporate legal field knowledge. 

    Could you please discuss the significance of the reportable judgments you were involved in, such as Priyanka Shrimali Vs. State of Rajasthan and Hindustan Zinc Ltd. Vs. State of Rajasthan and Ors.? Also you could share some insights from the case.

    In the case of Priyanka Shrimali Vs. State of Rajasthan the significance of this matter was “Married daughter is entitled to the compassionate appointments in the Government service”. Before this judgment, the Married daughter was not entitled to the compassionate appointment. In the case of Hindustan Zinc Ltd. Vs. State of Rajasthan and Ors., the significance of this matter is “the challenge to the vires of provisions of sec 38(C) & 39 of the Act and Rule 24(1) of the Rules fails. The writ petitions are dismissed. However, the petitioners, if aggrieved by the entry made in the provisional assessment list, shall be at liberty to file the appropriate objections before the Assessing authority and in the matters wherein final assessment orders have already been made. The demands have been created, they shall be at liberty to file an appeal before the Appellate Authority, if not already filed, within thirty days from the date of this order. The amount, if any, deposited by the petitioners against the demand created in terms of interim orders passed by this court or otherwise, shall be adjusted against the amount payable to satisfy the condition of pre-deposit for maintainability of the appeal”.

    Beyond your areas of expertise, which other fields of law do you find particularly fascinating or are passionate about exploring further, and why?  

    In Legal Service Authority Act, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Act and Companies Act, but especially in Article 39 A of the constitution of India enacted Legal Service Authority Act because the Legal Service Authority Act, sec 12 is about free and competent legal services for the needy person and other persons that need the justice.

    As an experienced lawyer, what do you think the current generation can do to prepare themselves for successful careers in law and beyond?  

    The current generation has ample opportunities to prepare and develop for successful careers in legal fields, like International Arbitration, Companies Law, Banking Law, Legal Drafting and several other fields.

    Outside of the legal realm, what are your hobbies or interests that help you unwind from the demands of your profession?  

    Outside the legal realm, I’m working for several legal awareness campaigns at various places like schools, colleges, and public places on subjects like POSH, POCSO, IT, CYBER CRIME, SENIOR CITIZEN’S RIGHTS, LABOUR ACT, PCMA ACT etc.

    Could you tell us more about Purohit and Associates, the types of legal practices they specialize in, and what opportunities they offer for interns looking to gain experience in the legal field?  

    The Purohit & Associate practices in the subordinate court, tribunals, High Court, DRT, State Commission and various other fields, and It develops the skill of Associates in practice as well as in the competition of judicial exams and gives enough opportunities to the Associates working under the Purohit & Associates, and also provide opportunities to intern about “earn while learn”.

    Get in touch with Deen Dayal Purohit-

  • “A meaningful legal career is not just about financial success… It’s about using your legal expertise to make a difference.” – Geetika Jain, Senior Legal Analyst at APCFSS Government of Andhra Pradesh.

    “A meaningful legal career is not just about financial success… It’s about using your legal expertise to make a difference.” – Geetika Jain, Senior Legal Analyst at APCFSS Government of Andhra Pradesh.

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Reflecting on your journey, what inspired you to pursue a career in law, and could you share some of the challenges you faced in the early stages of your career? How did you overcome them, and what lessons did you learn along the way?

    It was soon after my ICSE Board exams, I believe in the year 2007, when I came  across a newspaper article “JOIN INDIAN ARMY- JAG ENTRY SCHEME” I remember reading that article multiple times and checking the eligibility criteria being graduate in law with other requirements. At that moment I knew my calling was Law. I wanted to pursue Law to make my career in the Indian Army. One of the few challenges I faced early in my career was probably lack of guidance and mentorship. I believe my generation was still hesitant to ask questions to Professors or Seniors Advocates in the Law field. I also feel that back in 2007 we had very less practical exposure in the field of Law like we didn’t have field trips to Court back than or limited moot court competitions. However, I was able to overcome the obstacles and I started expressing these issues through my articles for a local newspaper. These articles helped me land internships and various other competitions that helped my overall growth in the early stages of my career. 

    Your journey showcases a remarkable blend of legal expertise and academic prowess. How do you balance your roles as a practicing lawyer, senior legal analyst, and a committed Ph.D. scholar?

    “Time management is an oxymoron. Time is beyond our control, and the clock keeps ticking regardless of how we lead our lives. Priority management is the answer to maximizing the time we have” –John C Maxwell. Practicing Law is my passion ever since I entered Law School. However, being in Practice for more than 12 years now has brought me the opportunities to don many hats and be versatile in my work. Being a Senior Legal Analyst with Government of Andhra Pradesh gave me insights of seeing the difficulties that any Government Office faces during the entire litigation process and with my experience, expertise and knowledge, if I am able to assist and help in resolving an X number of cases, helping the Government is a once in lifetime opportunity. However, at the same time I always had the desire to increase my knowledge and keep my research in various field of law active, hence I decided to pursue Ph.D. I prioritise my time during the day to find balance in my work as well as my personal life. I do prepare my To-do list everyday in the morning trying to tick of all of them during the day thus achieving my roles as a scholar, analyst and an advocate. 

    As a Senior Legal Analyst at APCFSS Government of Andhra Pradesh, you’ve been instrumental in various projects. Could you shed light on a project that particularly resonated with you and why?

    As a Senior Legal Analyst at APCFSS Government of Andhra Pradesh, I’ve been fortunate to contribute to two impactful projects.  The first is the AP Online Legal Case Management System (APOLCMS), a web-based system designed for government departments and officers to manage and monitor court cases.  APOLCMS significantly improves efficiency and transparency in the legal system.

    The second project involved conducting capacity building workshops for Government Officers.  In these workshops, I had the opportunity to explain the Basics of Law, including Writs, Contempt Petitions, and different types of Writ Petitions. I also helped them develop practical skills like preparing para-wise remarks for writ petitions and counter affidavits.

    There are a couple of reasons why this project resonates with me:

    • Improved Efficiency: Prior to APOLCMS, tracking cases and maintaining a complete history was a cumbersome and time-consuming process. APOL CMS allows departments to electronically manage cases, generate reports, and stay up-to-date on the latest developments – all of which significantly improves efficiency.
    • Transparency and Accessibility: APOLCMS promotes greater transparency by providing easy access to case information. This can be helpful for various stakeholders involved in the legal process, including government departments, lawyers, and potentially even the public (depending on the specific case).
    • Overall, I believe APOLCMS is a powerful tool that is making a positive impact on the Andhra Pradesh court system. It streamlines processes, improves transparency, and ultimately helps ensure that legal matters are handled more effectively.

    Your transition from practicing advocate to assistant professor reflects a significant shift. Could you elaborate on what prompted this transition and how your experiences in legal practice inform your approach to teaching law students?

    The transition from practicing advocate to Assistant professor was indeed a significant one, driven by a few key factors:

    A Passion for Knowledge Sharing: While I enjoyed the challenge and advocacy of legal practice, I’ve always had a strong interest in sharing legal knowledge and helping others understand the intricacies of the law. Teaching allows me to delve deeper into legal concepts and ignite a passion for the law in the next generation of legal professionals.

    A Broader Perspective: Legal practice often focuses on specific cases and client needs. As a professor, I have the opportunity to present a broader perspective on the law, exploring its historical context, theoretical underpinnings, and its evolution over time. This allows students to develop a more holistic understanding of the legal system.

    Real-World Application: My experience in practice allows me to bring real-world case studies and practical scenarios into the classroom. This helps bridge the gap between theory and practice, giving students a better understanding of how legal concepts are applied in real-world situations.

    Mentorship and Guidance: Beyond knowledge transfer, I value the opportunity to mentor and guide law students. Witnessing their growth and development as future lawyers is incredibly rewarding.

    In short, the transition was motivated by a desire to share my knowledge, provide a broader perspective on the law, and contribute to the development of the next generation of legal professionals. My experiences in practice inform my teaching in several ways. I can use real-world examples to illustrate legal concepts, discuss the practical considerations lawyers face, and prepare students for the realities of legal practice.

    You’re the founder of The Lawgical Network, a startup aimed at bridging gaps in legal education and professional networking. What inspired you to embark on this entrepreneurial journey, and could you elaborate on the idea behind it and how the venture is progressing?

    The idea for The Lawgical Network actually stemmed from two separate observations I made about the legal field:

    The Gap in Legal Education: Legal education often focuses heavily on theory and case law, but doesn’t always adequately equip students with the practical skills they need to succeed in the real world. This can leave recent graduates feeling unprepared for the day-to-day realities of legal practice.

    Limited Networking Opportunities: Building a strong professional network is crucial for any lawyer, but early-career professionals often lack access to established practitioners or mentors. This can make it difficult to find job opportunities or build a successful legal career.

    These observations fuelled my desire to create The Lawgical Network – a platform that would bridge these gaps.

    Here’s how we’re working towards that goal:

    Practical Skills Development: We offer workshops and online resources focused on practical skills like legal writing, negotiation, and client communication. This supplements the theoretical foundation students receive in law school and prepares them for the practicalities of legal practice.

    Mentorship Programs: We connect aspiring lawyers with established professionals for mentorship opportunities. This allows mentees to gain valuable insights and guidance from experienced practitioners.

    Networking Events: We organize online and in-person networking events (depending on location) that connect law students, recent graduates, and experienced professionals. This fosters collaboration and helps build a strong legal community.

    The Lawgical Network is still a young venture, but we’ve seen positive progress. We have a growing network of members, and our workshops and resources are receiving positive feedback. We’re constantly working on expanding our offerings and building a robust platform that empowers legal professionals at all stages of their careers.

    You’ve conducted workshops and lectures on topics ranging from drafting pleadings to medico-legal practices. How do you see the role of education and outreach in shaping the legal community? what kind of questions you come across from the students in these workshops.

    Education and outreach play a fundamental role in shaping a well-rounded and informed legal community. Here’s how I see their impact:

    • Bridging the Knowledge Gap: Legal practice is constantly evolving, and new areas of law emerge regularly. Educational programs and outreach initiatives help legal professionals stay up-to-date on the latest developments, best practices, and emerging legal issues like cyber law or data privacy. This ensures they can provide competent and relevant legal services to their clients.
    • Promoting Specialization and Expertise: Workshops and targeted programs allow legal professionals to delve deeper into specific areas of law, fostering specialization and expertise. This benefits both lawyers and the public, as clients can seek out lawyers with specialized knowledge tailored to their needs.
    • Enhancing Public Awareness: Outreach programs can educate the public about their legal rights and responsibilities. This empowers individuals to navigate legal issues with more confidence and seek legal help when necessary. It can also foster a better understanding of the legal system as a whole.
    • Promoting Ethical Conduct: Educational programs can emphasize ethical considerations and professional responsibility within the legal community. This helps maintain high ethical standards and fosters public trust in the legal system.

    Now, regarding the questions I encounter during workshops, they tend to fall into a few categories:

    • Practical Application: Many questions seek to bridge the gap between theory and practice. For instance, after a workshop on drafting pleadings, students might ask about specific situations or challenges they might encounter in real-world legal documents.
    • Clarity and Specificity: Sometimes, legal concepts can be complex. I often get questions seeking clarification on specific aspects of a topic or requesting more details about a particular legal procedure.
    • Emerging Areas of Law: As new areas of law develop, like those related to technology, students are curious about their implications and how they might impact their future legal careers.

    These questions highlight the value of interactive workshops and open discussions. They allow participants to gain a deeper understanding of the legal issues at hand and prepare them for the practical realities of the legal field.

    With your expertise, what advice would you offer to aspiring lawyers looking to make a meaningful impact in their careers, particularly in navigating the evolving legal landscape?

    As someone with experience in both legal practice and legal education, here’s some advice I’d offer to aspiring lawyers looking to make a meaningful impact in their careers, especially considering the evolving legal landscape:

    Develop a Strong Foundation:

    • Master the Fundamentals: A solid understanding of legal principles, critical thinking skills, and strong legal research abilities will serve you well throughout your career. Don’t underestimate the importance of a strong foundation in core legal subjects.
    • Stay Up-to-Date: The legal field is constantly changing. Commit to lifelong learning and stay abreast of emerging areas of law, such as cyber law, data privacy, and artificial intelligence’s legal implications. Consider attending workshops, conferences, or pursuing online courses.

    Embrace Practical Skills:

    • Go Beyond Theory: Legal education equips you with the theory, but practical skills are crucial for success. Seek opportunities to develop skills like legal writing, negotiation, client communication, and case management. This can be done through internships, externships, or online resources from platforms like The Lawgical Network (shameless plug!).
    • Technology as a Tool: Technology is transforming the legal profession. Learn how to leverage legal technology tools for research, document automation, and case management. This will improve your efficiency and make you a more valuable asset.

    Find Your Niche:

    • Identify Your Interests: The legal field is vast. Explore different areas of law to discover what interests you and aligns with your values. Don’t be afraid to specialize in a specific area as you gain experience.
    • Focus on Impact: Consider the kind of impact you want to make. Do you want to advocate for social justice issues, work in environmental law, or represent individuals in a specific legal area? Align your career path with your passions for a more fulfilling experience.

    Build Your Network:

    • Connect with Others: Building strong professional relationships is key to career success. Attend industry events, join bar associations, and connect with mentors who can offer guidance and support. Platforms like The Lawgical Network can also be a helpful tool for networking.
    • Give Back to the Community: Consider volunteering your legal skills to pro bono organizations or legal aid clinics. This not only helps those in need but also allows you to gain valuable experience and make a positive impact.

    Remember, a meaningful legal career is not just about financial success. It’s about using your legal expertise to make a difference, whether it’s advocating for a cause you believe in, helping individuals navigate complex legal issues, or simply upholding the rule of law. By continuously learning, developing practical skills, and aligning your work with your values, you can make a lasting impact in the ever-evolving legal landscape

    Your articles in Speaking Tree, including “Self Motivation for Achieving Excellence” praised by Kiran Bedi, reflect a profound understanding of motivational topics. What inspires you to write on such uplifting subjects, and could you share when you first began your journey as a writer?

    Thank you for mentioning my articles on Speaking Tree! It’s truly rewarding to know that my work resonates with others, especially the praise from someone as respected as Kiran Bedi.

    My foray into writing about motivational topics stems from two main inspirations:

    • Personal Growth: I’ve always been fascinated by the power of self-motivation and its ability to propel us towards achieving our goals. Throughout my own life, I’ve encountered challenges and setbacks, and learned the importance of maintaining a positive mindset and fostering self-belief. Writing allows me to explore these themes and share the insights I’ve gained with others.
    • Uplifting Others: Life can be demanding, and it’s easy to get discouraged. I believe that by sharing stories of resilience, perseverance, and the importance of self-motivation, I can help uplift and inspire others to navigate their own challenges and pursue their dreams.

    My writing journey actually began quite unexpectedly at the age of 7, when I started contributing to Champak and Tinkle in the form of poems, limericks and drawing. It wasn’t a predefined path, but rather an organic evolution. Perhaps during a particularly reflective period in my college days, I started penning down my thoughts and observations on self-motivation and achieving excellence. As I delved deeper, I felt compelled to share these ideas with a wider audience.

    Platforms like Speaking Tree provided a wonderful opportunity to connect with others who might benefit from these messages. The positive feedback I received further fuelled my passion for writing on motivational topics. It’s a privilege to know that my words can make a difference in someone’s life.

    As a Senior Legal Analyst at APCFSS Government of Andhra Pradesh, you’re engaged in a multitude of responsibilities. Could you walk us through a typical day in your professional life and shed light on the variety of tasks that keep you occupied?

    The beauty of my role as a Senior Legal Analyst at APCFSS is the variety it offers. There’s no such thing as a “typical” day, but here’s a glimpse into the different tasks that might fill my schedule:

    Morning:

    • Review Case Files: My day often starts with reviewing case files assigned to my department. This involves analyzing legal issues, researching relevant case law and statutes using online legal databases or APOLCMS (the Andhra Pradesh Online Legal Case Management System I helped develop!), and identifying any missing information or potential roadblocks.
    • Prepare Legal Memoranda: Based on my case file review, I might draft legal memoranda for senior attorneys. These documents summarize the key facts, legal arguments, and potential courses of action for a particular case.
    • Respond to Inquiries: I frequently receive inquiries from government departments or officers needing legal guidance on various matters. These inquiries could be related to contract review, regulatory compliance, or specific legal procedures. I provide them with clear and concise legal advice, ensuring it aligns with established legal principles and government policies.

    Afternoon:

    • Attend Meetings: Collaboration is key in our department. I might participate in internal meetings with colleagues to discuss complex legal issues, strategize case approaches, or brainstorm solutions for emerging legal challenges. Occasionally, there might be meetings with external parties, such as representatives from other government agencies, to discuss interdepartmental legal matters.
    • Legal Research: In-depth legal research is a recurring part of my day. This could involve delving into specific statutes, judicial precedents, or legal scholarship to identify the most relevant legal authorities to support our department’s position in a case or provide a comprehensive response to an inquiry.
    • Draft Legal Documents: Depending on the case at hand, I might draft legal documents like petitions, notices, or affidavits. This requires meticulous attention to detail and ensuring the documents adhere to legal formatting and court requirements.

    Later Afternoon/Evening:

    • Stay Up-to-Date: The legal landscape is constantly evolving. I dedicate some time each day to staying abreast of legal developments through legal publications, online resources, or attending webinars on emerging legal issues.
    • Project Work: In addition to my daily tasks, I might be involved in ongoing projects. This could involve anything from developing legal training materials for government officers to working on revisions to departmental legal policies and procedures.

    As you can see, my day is a blend of research, analysis, writing, collaboration, and staying informed. The variety of tasks keeps the work challenging and intellectually stimulating. The ultimate goal is to leverage my legal expertise to support the effective functioning of the government and ensure legal matters are handled efficiently and accurately.

    Amidst your demanding professional life, you’ve managed to pursue diverse interests, including trekking and writing. Could you share with us what aspects of these activities bring you the most joy, and how do you unwind and rejuvenate yourself amidst your busy schedule?

    You’re absolutely right, maintaining a healthy work-life balance is essential, especially in a demanding role like mine. Here’s how I unwind and find rejuvenation through my hobbies:

    Trekking:

    • Connecting with Nature: Stepping away from the urban environment and immersing myself in nature is incredibly restorative. Trekking allows me to appreciate the beauty of the outdoors, breathe fresh air, and clear my head. 
    • Challenge and Accomplishment: The physical challenge of a trek is a welcome change from mental exertion. Reaching a summit or conquering a tough trail brings a sense of accomplishment and boosts my confidence. Watching the first Sunrise at 18000 feet is an incredible sight which comes after gruelling climb of 5-6 hours and that is spectacular. The other thing is unfurling our national flag/tricolour gives you goosebumps and feeling of pride and joy which motivates me to be involved in these expeditions.
    • Mindfulness and Mental Clarity: The repetitive rhythm of walking and the focus required to navigate a trail promote mindfulness. This allows me to disconnect from daily worries and achieve a state of mental clarity.

    Writing:

    • Creative Expression: Writing provides a creative outlet for my thoughts and emotions. It allows me to explore ideas in a different way and express myself creatively.
    • Helping Others: The fact that my writing on motivation and self-improvement resonates with others and can potentially help them on their journeys is incredibly rewarding.
    • Mental Stimulation: Writing keeps my mind sharp and engaged. It requires research, critical thinking, and clear communication, all of which are valuable skills that translate into my professional life as well.

    Unwinding and Rejuvenation:

    • Prioritization: The key to unwinding is prioritization. I schedule time for these activities in my calendar, treating them as important appointments. This ensures I carve out dedicated time for myself amidst my busy schedule.
    • Finding Pockets of Time: Even short breaks can be refreshing. A short walk during lunch or a few minutes of meditation in the morning can help me refocus and recharge.
    • Importance of Sleep: Getting enough quality sleep is crucial for both physical and mental well-being. I prioritize a good night’s sleep to ensure I have the energy and focus to tackle my demanding tasks.

    By incorporating these activities and prioritizing well-being practices, I’m able to maintain a healthy balance between my professional life and personal passions. This allows me to approach my work with a renewed sense of focus and creativity, ultimately making me a more effective Senior Professional. 

    Get in touch with Geetika Jain-