Super Lawyer

Tag: Civil Law

  • “The cornerstone of this profession is passion. Be genuinely passionate about the law and the pursuit of justice.” – Chaitanya S.G., Partner at Chaitanya & Nithyananda Advocates.

    “The cornerstone of this profession is passion. Be genuinely passionate about the law and the pursuit of justice.” – Chaitanya S.G., Partner at Chaitanya & Nithyananda Advocates.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    The field of law is intellectually rewarding yet comes with its unique set of challenges. What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and what continues to motivate you on this journey?

    My journey into the field of law began right after my 12th grade when I chose to pursue my LL.B (5-year course) at KLE Society’s Law College. Initially, I aspired to join the Indian Armed Forces, driven by a deep-seated desire to lead and serve. However, my struggle with mathematics and science meant that clearing the NDA exams was not in my destiny. I vividly remember sitting in solitude, reflecting on my strengths and weaknesses. It was during those moments of introspection that I realized my passion for reading and writing—two things that had always been close to my heart. This realization sparked the decision to pursue law. Although I did briefly consider journalism, my inclination towards the structured reasoning and the sense of justice that law offered steered me in this direction.

    Coming from a family with no legal background, convincing my parents to support my decision was no small feat. Yet, the very moment I stepped into the law classroom, I knew I had found my calling. I was immediately drawn to the subjects and spent countless hours in the law library, which felt like a sanctuary of knowledge. From day one, I was resolute that my journey as a lawyer would be guided not merely by the ambition to win cases, but by the deeper purpose of resolving disputes and restoring harmony.

    Participating in moot courts and debate competitions further solidified my passion, providing me with an inexplicable high. Two books that profoundly influenced my perspective were My Experiments with Truth by Mahatma Gandhi and Roses in December by M.C. Chagla. Their writings inspired me to see the law not just as a profession, but as a powerful instrument for social change.

    Now, sixteen years since I first walked out of the gates of law college and into the courtroom, that initial excitement remains undiminished. The thrill of crafting arguments, the challenge of persuading a judge to consider a perspective against the odds, and above all, the joy of representing the underprivileged and witnessing the smile of relief when justice is served—these are the moments that keep me going and motivated. For me, the law is not just a career; it is a calling, a journey to bring justice and dignity to those who seek it.

    In the early stages of your career, you had the opportunity to intern and work with several prominent organisations and senior advocates. Could you share some of the most enriching experiences from that period? Are there any insights or principles you learned then that continue to guide your practice today?

    In the initial years of my legal education, the concept of internships was virtually non-existent—at least in my college. Our curriculum did not mandate internships, and the very idea of interning was something I stumbled upon almost by chance. I remember the first time I heard about internships; I was genuinely thrilled at the prospect of working on real-world cases and putting my theoretical knowledge to the test.

    Interestingly, I did not follow the conventional path of interning under senior advocates or established law firms. My first real exposure to corporate law came through the encouragement of a very close friend, Karthik Kannappan, who was my senior in college and had secured a position as a legal associate in an MNC. He not only persuaded me to explore corporate law but also recommended me for an internship. This was quite a breakthrough, considering that major corporations and MNCs traditionally reserved internship slots for students from National Law Schools. For me, getting that opportunity felt monumental.

    Another significant internship experience was with an LPO, where I worked on preparing chains of title for Hollywood movies. It was an eye-opening experience that introduced me to non-litigation work and gave me a glimpse into American laws—a perspective that would later shape my appreciation for international legal frameworks.

    I vividly recall my conversation with Sanjay Bhatia, my Head of Department at the LPO, during my final days of internship. When I requested him for a few words of wisdom, he humorously remarked, “Hard work is the stepping stone for more hard work.” Though said in jest, that statement resonated with me and has been proven true time and again throughout my career.

    If I have learnt any insights or principles that continue to guide my practice today it is that, if I am sincere in my heart and put in the hours of hard work without the immediate expectations of money or fame, the profession becomes not just rewarding but truly beautiful. The early years of toil and perseverance lay the foundation for a career that is both intellectually and spiritually fulfilling.

    Having begun your career in the corporate sector, what inspired your transition into litigation and eventually led you to establish your own firm? What were some of the initial challenges you encountered, and how did you overcome them?

    Three months before my final semester exams in law school, I secured a position with a startup LPO. With the blessing of my beloved Principal, I began working even before completing my degree. By the time my results were announced, I had already been promoted to Team Lead, managing a team of ten lawyers. Our primary task was contract drafting as part of a pilot project for a UK-based client who was building automation software for legal documentation. It was a thrilling start—high-pressure deadlines, intricate contract terms, and a steep learning curve. Yet, within a few months, the work grew monotonous.

    Back in law college, I had harboured a dream of standing tall and presenting my arguments in Court Hall 1 of the Supreme Court of India. That vision seemed to fade with each passing day in the corporate environment. One fine day, with sheer conviction and a heart full of ambition, I put in my papers, bidding farewell to the corporate world once and for all. I took the leap to establish my own law practice—an audacious decision that stemmed from my unwavering confidence in my drafting and argumentative skills.

    The initial days, however, were not without challenges. The most daunting of all was understanding procedural law. Despite relentless reading, the layers of procedural intricacies remained elusive. It felt as though I had to reinvent the wheel, learning the ropes one step at a time. For the first three years of my independent practice, I focused exclusively on criminal cases. Over time, I began to appreciate the nuances of the Criminal Procedure Code, witnessing firsthand how the principles I had studied unfolded in real-world scenarios. I saw the wheels of justice in motion and felt a profound sense of purpose.

    I must express my deep gratitude to the entire fraternity of the Advocates Association, Bengaluru. Whenever I sought guidance, there was always a senior colleague willing to help—selflessly and without expectation of remuneration. This collective spirit of learning and mentorship was instrumental in my growth.

    There came a point when I felt I was being stereotyped as a “criminal lawyer.” Although I cherished the title, I was eager to explore the civil side of practice with the same intensity and passion. It was then that I met my mentor and guru, Sri. K.V. Narasimhan. He took me under his wing, polished my skills, and guided me through the labyrinth of civil litigation. I consider myself a disciple to him, and even today, I seek his guidance with the same reverence. His mentorship is a debt of gratitude I shall carry for a lifetime.

    The transition from corporate law to litigation, and the subsequent establishment of my own firm, was driven by an unyielding belief in my abilities and the support of the legal fraternity. Those formative experiences not only shaped my career but also solidified my commitment to the ideals of justice and advocacy.

    You have appeared and argued in a diverse range of matters, including writ petitions, civil and criminal disputes, and public interest litigations across various judicial forums. Could you tell us about a particularly complex or memorable case you handled, and how you approached its legal or procedural intricacies?

    Over the course of my career, I have had the privilege of handling numerous cases spanning writ petitions, civil and criminal disputes, and public interest litigations. While each case carries its own significance, there is one case that stands out as particularly complex and memorable—not just for its legal intricacies, but for its far-reaching implications on the privacy and constitutional rights of over 140 crore Indians.

    In 2019, I was approached by Col. Mathew Thomas, a retired Indian Army Officer, who sought my legal opinion on a certified copy of a contract entered into between the President of India, represented by the Director of Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), and certain private companies headquartered in the United States. As a trial advocate primarily focused on courtroom practice, my initial impression was that this was just another contract review. However, as I delved deeper into the document, I was astounded to discover the magnitude of its implications.

    The agreement, dated back to 2010, was executed on a mere ₹500 stamp paper, which seemed oddly insignificant considering the enormity of what it entailed. The contract granted these American private companies—some of the largest defence contractors to the U.S. Government and various international agencies involved in global surveillance, spying, and espionage—unfettered rights to USE, STORE, COLLECT, PROCESS, AND TRANSFER the biometric and demographic data of Indian citizens collected during Aadhaar enrolments. This wasn’t just routine information; it involved highly sensitive data, including fingerprints, iris scans, and personal demographic details of millions of Indians.

    As I pored through the clauses, it became alarmingly clear that these defense-linked corporations were given sweeping access and control over critical personal data of all Indians without adequate safeguards or oversight. Effectively, the contract enabled foreign entities deeply tied to global surveillance networks to potentially exploit or misuse this information, posing severe risks to India’s data sovereignty and the privacy rights of its citizens.

    Realizing the gravity of the matter, I promptly filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) before the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka and appeared as a counsel on behalf of Col. Mathew Thomas, challenging the legality and constitutional validity of the agreement. Given the critical nature of the issue, the High Court, in its wisdom, granted us the liberty to move the matter before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India.

    Although this was not my first appearance before the Hon’ble Chief Justice of India as I had the privilege of appearing in earlier matters as well, this case carried a different weight, a deeper resonance, because it wasn’t just about a dispute—it was about safeguarding the very essence of privacy and national integrity.

    The Hon’ble Supreme Court, after considering the submissions, remanded the matter back to the High Court of Karnataka for further consideration, and the matter is now pending adjudication. The experience reinforced my belief in the power of law as a protector of civil liberties and as a beacon of justice for the common man. For me, this case is a reminder that the true essence of legal practice transcends mere arguments; it is about upholding the sanctity of individual rights and the sovereignty of our nation.

    This case remains etched in my memory not just for its scale and complexity, but for the realization that as advocates, we hold the profound responsibility to safeguard the rights and freedoms of society at large, often against formidable odds.

    With extensive experience across multiple domains such as Negotiable Instruments, Consumer Protection, Insurance, and Revenue matters, how do you adapt your legal strategy when appearing before quasi-judicial authorities as compared to regular courts, where do procedural nuances differ?

    The essence of legal strategy, whether before quasi-judicial authorities or regular courts, is rooted in a fundamental principle: learning never ends. This is precisely why the legal profession is called a “practice.” Mastery over subjects of law is not merely beneficial—it is the foremost duty of a lawyer. Over the years, I have embraced every opportunity to study new areas of law, constantly expanding my knowledge base. I truly believe that the moment one claims there is nothing more to learn is the very moment one begins to stagnate in this profession.

    When it comes to quasi-judicial authorities, the strategy is simple yet profound: understand the core of the problem and the root cause of the dispute. If these foundational aspects are grasped well, I believe half the battle is already won. My years of practice have taught me that irrespective of the forum, if you are well-versed in the Civil and Criminal Rules of Practice, you are effectively equipped to navigate most procedural nuances.

    Of course, quasi-judicial authorities bring their own procedural peculiarities—whether it’s the summary nature of proceedings under the Negotiable Instruments Act, the consumer-friendly mechanism under the Consumer Protection Act, or the evidentiary flexibility permitted in Insurance and Revenue matters. Each of these specialized forums is birthed from distinct legislative enactments, and their procedural requirements reflect the legislative intent to deliver faster, more focused justice.

    To adapt effectively, I ensure that I invest time in understanding the specific procedural mandates and jurisdictional subtleties of these forums. While it is true that procedural lapses can sometimes occur, I firmly believe that with proper study and preparation, these can be minimized, if not entirely avoided. My approach has always been to meticulously understand the enactments governing these bodies, thereby positioning myself to present my arguments seamlessly, whether it be in front of a tribunal, commission, or an appellate authority.

    In summary, my strategy is underpinned by relentless learning, deep understanding of the core dispute, and rigorous preparation tailored to the procedural framework of the forum I am appearing before. I consider it not just a strategy, but a philosophy of practice.

    Election petitions are often intricate and high-stakes in nature. What are some of the key legal considerations to keep in mind while arguing such matters? If possible, could you share an experience from a case you’ve handled in this area?

    Election Petitions are a unique category of legal proceedings governed by the Representation of the People Act, 1951, wherein the High Court assumes the role of the Election Tribunal. These matters are distinct, as the trial is conducted before the High Court itself, unlike other civil or criminal matters. Key legal considerations while arguing Election Petitions include Locus Standi, Grounds of Challenge, Strict Adherence to Procedure, Burden of Proof, Speedy Disposal. Under Section 81 of the Act, an Election Petition can only be presented by any candidate at the election or any elector. As per Section 2(e) of the Act, an elector is defined as any person whose name appears in the electoral roll of the constituency and is free from disqualifications under Section 16 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950.

    One particularly memorable case that I handled in this regard was the challenge of a Biennial Election to the Rajya Sabha. A Member of Parliament had been unanimously elected, and his nomination was contested by a voter on grounds of material suppressions in his affidavit. The challenge, however, was that the petitioner was not an elector as per the Act.

    The Representation of the People Act, under Section 81(1) Explanation, defines an elector as someone entitled to vote at the election, even if the person did not actually cast a vote. In this case, there was no voting at all—the election was unanimous. All candidates were sponsored by political parties, and hence, MLAs and MLCs were the only recognized electors.

    I represented the petitioner before the High Court, arguing that the “explanation is not a rule; an explanation cannot defeat the purpose of the enactment; and an explanation cannot override the definition.” I put forth the contention that I, as the petitioner, was the elector’s elector—a voice for the common man who is ultimately the foundation of electoral democracy. I argued that the spirit of the legislation was to enable challenges to irregularities and that the unanimous nature of the election should not bar the electorate from questioning it.

    As anticipated, the High Court dismissed the petition, not on the merits but purely on locus standi. But for me, the true journey began when I moved the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, appearing before the Hon’ble Chief Justice. I argued vehemently, challenging the conventional understanding of the Explanation to Section 81. Although the Hon’ble Supreme Court was not inclined to allow my prayer, I walked out of the courtroom with a profound sense of satisfaction—a victory of learning, strategy, and courage to stand up for what I believed in. The hours of rigorous preparation, studying every nuance of the Representation of the People Act, and foreseeing every possible counter-argument gave me an unmatchable treasure of knowledge.

    In retrospect, while the case did not result in a favorable verdict, it was a landmark experience for me—proof that the real triumph sometimes lies in the fight, not just the outcome.

    What advice would you offer to young professionals and law students aspiring to build a career in this field? Are there any books, resources, or habits you would recommend that helped you in your own journey?

    I believe that offering blanket advice to young professionals and law students would be superficial because each individual comes from a distinct family and societal background that shapes their present circumstances. However, through my own journey, I have discovered certain habits and principles that I would strongly recommend to anyone aspiring to build a career in law.

    The cornerstone of this profession is passion. Be genuinely passionate about the law and the pursuit of justice. There will be times when financial and personal constraints may make you question your path. Despite those moments of doubt, the secret to becoming a good advocate is to persevere even when the odds are against you. Never give up; your persistence will be your greatest ally.

    There is no shortcut in law. Make it a habit to read at least four hours a day. This should include not just legal texts but also judgments, commentaries, and even works of literature that sharpen your articulation and depth of understanding. The law is ever-evolving, and staying updated is not just an advantage—it is a necessity.

    Law can be an all-consuming profession. It is intense, demanding, and at times, overwhelming. Developing hobbies outside of law—whether it’s playing a sport, writing, traveling, or painting—provides a much-needed escape and helps in maintaining mental balance. These hobbies act as a sanctuary when the weight of the profession becomes too heavy.

    One thing that is often overlooked is physical and mental health. Eat well, because brains need fuel to think. An empty stomach leads to fatigue, loss of focus, and poor decision-making. Sleep well, because your sharpness and ability to argue effectively are heavily dependent on rest. The mind is your greatest tool; take good care of it.

    Finally, take time to celebrate your victories—both big and small. If you are someone who does not find joy in life, chances are you won’t find joy in the profession either, because for an advocate, the profession becomes life. Embrace it, enjoy it, and let it be your passion. Learn to enjoy the journey of learning. It is not the cases you win or lose that define you, but the person you become in the process.

    Balancing a demanding legal practice with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage your professional responsibilities while also making time for yourself? What do you do to unwind and stay rejuvenated?

    Time is a man-made construct. I have deeply understood this, and that understanding forms the very basis of how I manage both my professional and personal life. For a busy man, there is always time for everything; for a lazy, pessimistic procrastinator, there is only shortage and dearth.

    I begin my day with something that brings me immense joy—cooking. I am a good cook, and I start each morning in the kitchen, preparing breakfast and lunch for my wife and daughter. It is my way of setting a positive tone for the day—nurturing my family before stepping into the world of law.

    One day a week, I completely disconnect from work and dedicate that time to playing leatherball cricket. It’s my way of feeling like a kid again, venting out all the stress, and just enjoying the pure thrill of the game. Sports, I believe, is a fantastic way to stay rejuvenated and grounded.

    Travel is another escape I hold dear. Once or twice a year, I go on bike rides—a passion that I cherish deeply. In 2021, I went solo from Kanyakumari to Jammu, covering the entire stretch over 18 days. It was a journey of solitude, reflection, and freedom that I hold close to my heart.

    I also sketch, doodle, and paint occasionally. Playing with colors is incredibly refreshing for me, offering a creative outlet that’s far removed from the rigors of legal battles. I am a lover of Carnatic music and an ardent listener. During my college days, I used to play the violin, although the demands of practice have left me with little space to pursue it actively now.

    Of late, I have embraced creative writing. I recently published my fiction novel, Tales of Lawyer Ramachandra Shastry, which has been a deeply fulfilling journey. I also won the 21st Century Emily Dickinson Award from Book Leaf Publishing Co. for my collection of poems titled How to Lose Your Keys and Find Yourself – Poems for the Beautifully Flawed. It consists of 30 acrostic poems that reflect on philosophy and life. I have also completed a philosophical work on Advaita, which is due for publishing soon.

    For me, life is a balance of passion, purpose, and play. Each role I take up—as a lawyer, a writer, a cook, a traveller, and a cricketer—nourishes a different part of me. It’s not about managing time; it’s about embracing it.

    Get in touch with Chaitanya S.G. –

  • “I’ve learned from my seniors that no brief should be refused on the grounds of scale or fee. No matter is too small, and every litigant deserves a chance.” – Vishesh Wadhwa, Founder of Vishesh Wadhwa Chambers.

    “I’ve learned from my seniors that no brief should be refused on the grounds of scale or fee. No matter is too small, and every litigant deserves a chance.” – Vishesh Wadhwa, Founder of Vishesh Wadhwa Chambers.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Your academic journey has clearly provided a strong foundation for your legal career. Could  you kindly share how these early academic experiences influenced your decision to pursue law, and what valuable lessons you gained during that time? 

    From a very early age, I was fortunate to be surrounded by the world of law. My father, Mr. R.K.  Wadhwa, a practicing lawyer, served as a constant source of inspiration and familiarity with the legal  system. Law, in that sense, didn’t come to me as a sudden career decision, it seeped into my life  gradually. The exposure at home planted the seed, even though, at one point, I had briefly considered  exploring a different path. 

    Thereafter during my days in Modern School, where I made a somewhat unconventional choice to  pursue Humanities, at a time when the stream was often misunderstood or even looked down upon. But  I had no inclination toward Physics, Chemistry, or Math. I was genuinely drawn to subjects like Political  Science and Psychology, which resonated with my interests. It was during this period that my interest  in law was truly solidified. My School also offered an intellectual environment. Being surrounded by  accomplished alumni, including legal luminaries, only deepened my resolve. 

    My journey continued at Amity Law School, which was still in its formative years, I belonged to the  fifth batch. The atmosphere was dynamic; our seniors had built the foundation for various  extracurricular societies, and soon, the baton was passed to us. I was deeply involved in debates, and  with encouragement from peers and mentors, I went on to found the Amity Law School Debating  Society. My passion for expression and the performing arts led me to also co-found the Music and  Theatre Society and become part of the Cultural Society. I actively participated in national-level moot  court competitions, and led contingents representing ALS at institutions like NALSAR, BITS Pilani,  and Symbiosis Pune. 

    I also realised that sometimes it’s not the ‘Big Wins’; But, the small victories that matter. Around my  Fourth year, Amity didn’t have its own logo at the time—it functioned under the larger Amity University  banner. But that lack of identity stirred something in me. I wanted ALS to have its own unique presence.  With support from then-Director Maj. General Nilendra Kumar, I conceptualized and designed the  official logo for ALS. 

    Having gained valuable experience through various internships and legal research positions  in the early stages of your career. Would you be able to share some of the most impactful or memorable experiences from that period and how they helped shape your understanding of the  law? 

    Internships were where theory met reality for me. I had the chance to intern with a wide variety of legal  offices, law firms, individual practitioners, and chambers. Each setting brought with it a unique learning  curve, and I quickly realized that no amount of classroom education could substitute for the practical  experience of being in court. In courts, you’re constantly thinking on your feet. You’re taught to use  every resource at your disposal—even when you walk into a courtroom with seemingly nothing. The  unpredictability trains you to stay alert, adaptable, and resourceful. 

    After graduating, I spent some time working with my father in the trial courts. It was a hands-on  experience that introduced me to the ground realities. My father had a purely criminal practice, he was  mostly briefed from the defence side to conduct cross-examinations which in a way, gave me deep  insights into trial work and how a criminal case is methodically built. It was an education like no  other. He used to tell me “Agar aap vakalat ko 2 din chhodoge to wo aapko 4 din peeche karegi.” —if you  step away from law for two days, it will set you back by four. And I felt the truth of that every time I  missed a day in court. Sometimes, even when you might not have a matter of your own, you still have to come to court even if you spend the day just sitting in the court library or listening to arguments in  someone else’s matter; that can at times teach you more than a lecture ever could.

    Soon after, I began assisting Mr. Sudhir Nandrajog in the High Court. He had this saying that stuck with  me: “If you’re good at law, you hammer the law. If you’re good at facts, you hammer the facts. If you’re  good at neither, you hammer the table.” It was humorous on the surface, but layered with insight. The  latter is one of the most important characteristics to have in a lawyer, where you put forward your  submissions to the Court knowing you might not be very strong either on the facts or on the law. This  is where your oratory skills and imaginations are used the most. 

    The early years are all about being a sponge. You absorb everything, from your seniors, your peers,  your juniors, and even opposing counsel. Every moment in court, even the bad one’s like every heated  exchange, every procedural hiccup prepares you for tomorrow. At times you might just be learning what  not to do the next time around. Whether you’re waiting for your matter to be called or spending time in  the Bar Room listening to seasoned lawyers dissect a point of law—it’s all part of your training. 

    Having worked alongside numerous esteemed Advocates and Senior Advocates, what inspired  you to establish your own practice? If you don’t mind sharing, were there any particular  challenges you faced when setting up your own firm in the initial stages? 

    Although I had worked with seniors in the field for some time including my Father, I still had the urge  to carve out something of my own. I wanted to build my own practice that reflected my ideals and my  name.  

    Of course, it wasn’t easy. The initial phase was lean, money was tight, clients were few, and everything  had to be managed singlehandedly. I didn’t have a team, or even support staff. No clerk, no office boy.  I was everything rolled into one; I was managing the files, doing the drafting, attending court, and at  times, even cleaning out my office. But that struggle, in hindsight, is what keeps you grounded and  makes you realise your worth. Despite those strenuous years, I would not trade it for anything. Having  your own practice comes with a sense of freedom which would give me the space to shape my identity  as a lawyer. 

    Twelve years on, I still consider myself a student of the profession. Every single day teaches you  something new. What I’ve come to realize is that a litigation office is a lot like a household. While you  might think of yourself as the head of the family, it’s the clerk who keeps the house running (who  actually governs everything and makes you feel the void if on leave), It’s the seniors who offer  perspective and grounding, and Your colleagues (the infamous Juniors, as people call them in this  profession); they help you out the most when you’re in an uncomfortable situation before a Judge and  teach you things which even a senior can’t teach you. These lessons, some learnt the hard way, have  formed the cornerstone of my independent practice. And even with all the unpredictability, I wouldn’t  trade this journey for anything. 

    Your involvement in pro bono work across a variety of legal sectors is truly commendable.  What motivates you to take on such cases, and if you would be willing, could you share a specific  instance where your pro bono work made a significant difference in someone’s life? 

    Pro bono work has always held a deeply personal significance for me. I believe that if the legal  profession has given you the privilege of a voice in a courtroom, the least you can do is use it for those  who cannot afford to be heard. Every human doesn’t come with resources, but everyone needs to be  represented; and I do believe that having some degree of privilege, it is our bounden duty to represent  their side of the stories and some of those stories stay with you forever. 

    The least a lawyer can do is give back to the society; because every client/ litigant who is seeking legal assistance cannot afford to spend heavily on counsel. I’ve learned from my seniors that no brief should be refused on the grounds of scale or fee. No matter is too small, and every litigant deserves a chance. That ethos continues to guide my practice.

    One such case was that of a man, whose young son, about 21-year-old boy, working as a young air  conditioning technician for DTC Buses, was brutally murdered in broad daylight. The father, who was  a rickshaw driver, and his wife, had been running from one police station to another, and despite the  gravity of the crime, no FIR had been registered. They were absolutely desolate and hopeless and not  in a position to afford any legal representation. They came to me through a Local Help who knew me  as somebody who would be willing to help them. I wanted to help them in whatever way I could extend.  You can’t take empathy out of this profession.  

    Another matter that stands out was a case involving slum demolition. Entire families approached me, numbers running into 100s; their homes, slums were to be demolished overnight and entire families  were to be displaced, without notice or recourse. My entire Team sat through the Night and we got relief the next day. The gratitude and blessings that those people felt is something that reminded me  why I did and what I did in the first place. These were more than just legal battles; Situations like these  reaffirmed my belief that the law must be a tool for justice, not just procedure. 

    With your extensive experience working with high-profile clients and handling numerous  reported judgments, could you share a particularly interesting or noteworthy case that has had a  lasting impact on you professionally? 

    One of the most impactful cases I handled came just a year and a half into my legal practice. A senior  lawyer referred the matter to me, since the client was in an urgent and vulnerable situation. It involved  a French national, residing in the UK, who had been in a live-in relationship with an Indian man. They  had a child together, and by mutual agreement, the child would visit the Father’s family in India for  short periods. However, during one such visit, the father refused to let the child return. The mother,  distraught and left with no recourse, flew to Delhi to seek legal assistance. That’s when I was brought  on board. 

    I had never handled a Habeas Corpus petition before, but we knew we had to act quickly. We spent the  night researching and drafting the petition. We mentioned the matter urgently the next day. The father  eventually appeared before the court, bringing the child with him. One of our other prayers was seeking  the custody of the Child for the mother, but the court was initially hesitant, as the scope of habeas corpus  petitions is generally limited. However, we showed precedents which recognized that in exceptional  circumstances, custody could be addressed within Habeas proceedings. 

    The court, after hearing our arguments, showed indulgence in the facts; The court also intervened to  ensure the mother’s visa extension was considered on priority, so that she could stay in India and contest  the proceedings. Within just two to three hearings, the matter was settled in our favour, and the child  was allowed to return to the UK with the mother. 

    The matter gave me immense confidence and encouragement; I realised that there was no substitute for  research and preparedness. It was our research that had come to the aid of our client. The emotional  weight of that case was also immense, not just for the parties involved, but for me as well. 

    There have been moments in my career when I was confident of my case, of the facts, of the law and  still lost. And then there have been matters where I thought I was fighting a losing cause, only to have  gotten a good order. I have learnt something fundamental through all this; sometimes, your job isn’t just  to win; it’s to show up, speak up, and stand firm, even when the outcome seems uncertain. You may be  fighting an uphill battle, but your presence and persistence can make all the difference. These  experiences have been humbling and invaluable. They’ve taught me to never take anything for granted  in this profession. 

    As a Panel Counsel for the Delhi High Court Legal Services Committee, you’ve made  meaningful contributions to welfare initiatives, especially for foreign national prisoners. What led you to focus on this area, and what unique challenges do foreign prisoners face in India? Could  you share any insights from a recent case or initiative in this field? 

    My time with the Delhi High Court Legal Services Committee has taught me many important lessons and  given me an opportunity to work for many causes. One case that stood out involved a convict who had  suffered a life-altering accident while working inside a jail-run paper factory. He lost three fingers due  to the lack of safety protocols. Prior to my involvement, multiple writ petitions had been filed on his behalf, but no concrete outcome was achieved. When the matter finally came to me, we argued that while prisoners may not be treated at par with civilian workmen under certain compensation laws, they  still possess fundamental and civil rights. If an injury occurs while working inside prison premises,  there is a duty on the State to ensure compensation and adequate medical care. The Court was kind to  accept our submissions and framed guidelines for compensating prisoners who suffer such injuries. In  my opinion it was a small but significant step toward justice behind bars. That case was a reminder that  dignity and rights do not stop at the prison gate. 

    Some causes find you before you go looking for them. My work with foreign national prisoners began  that way, through my role as a Part of the Delhi High Court Legal Services Committee, I came across  cases involving foreign national Prisoners, many of whom faced long incarcerations and still faced  uncertainty about their dates of deportation. These individuals faced a unique and often overlooked set  of challenges. Most had no local support, no financial means, no access to translators, and in many  cases, no consular assistance. Something as basic as arranging for a surety or providing a permanent  Indian address became insurmountable obstacles to their release. The legal system, while well intentioned, can become an alien labyrinth when you’re navigating it in a foreign land with no resources  or familiarity. Justice cannot be selective. It cannot favour those with access and leave behind those  without. If our system is to remain just and equitable, we must ensure that everyone, regardless of  nationality or status, is afforded due process and humane treatment. 

    During my time as DHCLSC, I also had the opportunity to visit the FRRO, we witnessed the  Overcrowding in the centre, and saw the deplorable state of affairs, where some foreign nationals are  there for more than 6 months, and some for many years altogether, which in my opinion should  absolutely not be the scenario. We came across multiple facets that in our opinion require interventions  and corrections. In our role, we even made a report and we submitted the same to the DHCLSC. 

    Your dedication to social causes, including fundraising and various welfare activities, is truly  admirable. What inspires you to invest time and energy into these causes, and how do you manage  to balance your professional commitments, social work, and personal life? 

    Giving back has never felt like an obligation; it’s always felt like a natural extension of my work. A  large part of that comes from my upbringing. My father was also active in bar politics. I had never seen  him turn his back on a cause, on a fellow lawyer in need of aiding the causes he believed in. 

    That influence shaped my own sense of responsibility. In my limited capacity I have tried to aid causes  I could contribute for; from assisting fellow lawyers in need during Covid crisis or organising Blood  Donation Camps and contributing to other initiatives. For me, legal work and social work are not  separate silos—they’re deeply intertwined. 

    Of course, balancing your personal lives and litigation isn’t always easy. The days are long, and  the stress of litigation can be unrelenting. But having a strong, dependable team makes all the difference.  My office operates like a family. In jest, but also in truth, I often say, your clerk is like your spouse, and  your colleagues are your children. Everyone has a role, everyone supports the other, and somehow, the  whole house runs.

    Time management and alignment of values are essential. When you genuinely care about what you’re  doing, the work, even the long hours, starts to feel purposeful. And that purpose sustains you. You don’t  just show up to win cases, you show up to make a difference. 

    Social commitments don’t compete with my professional life, they enrich it. In my opinion, this  profession requires you to be social, connecting with people is necessary to growing in the profession.  

    With your wealth of experience across diverse legal fields, you are uniquely positioned to offer  guidance to aspiring legal professionals. What advice would you offer to law students and young  lawyers who wish to pursue a career in litigation? Are there any resources or approaches that you  believe are essential for success in today’s legal environment? 

    Litigation is not for the faint-hearted. It tests your patience, your resilience, often all at once. You will  walk into court with a well-prepared brief and walk out feeling like you know nothing. You will lose  cases you believed were great and win cases you had given up on. It humbles you. And it should. Be  prepared to consult everyone—your seniors, your peers, even your juniors. I’ve learned valuable lessons  from colleagues younger than me, simply because they were looking at the problem from a fresh angle.  Don’t let ego get in the way of learning. This field rewards humility far more than bravado. 

    There will be days when you feel lost, when a judge pulls you up harshly, when you’ve stayed up  preparing and things still don’t go your way. That’s okay. As a lawyer, your duty is that of a messenger  between the client and the bench. Your role isn’t to take matters personally, but to do justice to the brief  entrusted to you, to the best of your ability and conscience. You’re a professional messenger between  your client and the bench. You have a responsibility of not upsetting either of the Two. 

    The courtroom has also taught me to never underestimate the importance of humility. No court is too  big and no matter is too small (I guess that’s what they say). It’s a bounden duty of any court to treat all matters at an equal pedestal. We, as officers of the court, our submissions should always be  respectful, well-prepared, and mindful of the board of the court. If you’re concise, clear, and courteous,  even the busiest bench will give you a fair hearing, every court/judge will have indulgence in your case. 

    I have learnt an invaluable lesson: litigation is never a race amongst individuals or a sprint—it’s a  marathon. Each lawyer begins from a different starting point. It’s a field that will exhaust you, test your  patience. Reaching every milestone would again make you realise that you’re still far away from the  end point. You just have to keep at it.  

    As technology continues to evolve, its impact on the legal sector, particularly in criminal law, is  becoming increasingly significant. How do you see the future of law unfolding in this regard? In  your view, how are courts and the legal system adapting to these changes, and what potential  challenges or opportunities do you foresee as a result? 

    I remember observing how things worked during my father’s time—everything was handwritten,  typewriters clacked away in the background, and court files were carried in bundles tied with redband.  The charm of old-school advocacy still lingers, but there’s no denying that the tools of the trade have  transformed. Today, virtual hearings, e-filings, digital courtrooms, online legal research, and case  tracking platforms have become the norm. The pandemic accelerated this shift, making digital  competence a necessity rather than a choice. For many of us, adapting to this new normal was  challenging, but also eye-opening. 

    Courts are adapting. Judges are becoming more comfortable with hybrid systems. Filing and listing  procedures are becoming more streamlined. But as we digitize, we must also confront the digital divide.  A significant portion of the bar, especially in district courts, continues to struggle with basic  connectivity, lack of infrastructure, and limited digital literacy. For justice to remain accessible, we  cannot allow technology to become a gatekeeper. It must be an enabler.

    A fair and inclusive legal system cannot only serve those fluent in English, comfortable with apps, or having high-speed internet. The evolution of legal practice must be sensitive to those left behind. We  need infrastructural support, training initiatives, and perhaps most importantly, the will to ensure that  no lawyer or litigant is excluded simply because they don’t have access to a screen.

    Get in touch with Vishesh Wadhwa –

  • “When you see the hours of toiling while doing research, making drafts and constructing arguments in the office yielding results, the adrenaline rush of a favourable outcome, however small or big it may be, is what keeps me consistently inspired.” – Uday Bedi, Independent Practitioner.

    “When you see the hours of toiling while doing research, making drafts and constructing arguments in the office yielding results, the adrenaline rush of a favourable outcome, however small or big it may be, is what keeps me consistently inspired.” – Uday Bedi, Independent Practitioner.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and were there any specific events or formative experiences that shaped your decision to embark on this journey? Reflecting on your law school years, how did your education influence your understanding of the law, and how did it help you develop a foundational approach to legal practice?

    Even though I was in the science stream, I was never drawn to any of the subjects. I saw myself getting intrigued with current affairs and news in the public domain. In school, I used to take part in Youth Parliament competitions where we used to debate laws which lay the foundation for me to study law. I also always found myself to be an advocate for rights of people from a young age. I also saw myself getting drawn to opportunities of public speaking. Law as a profession sat in the middle of all my interest areas, hence it became an obvious choice for me. 

    I went to O.P. Jindal Global University gave me immense exposure that shaped my world view and opinions. Unlike someone who always wanted to find a reason to stay out of the classroom in School, I mostly stayed in the library or classroom in law school. We had a vast and impressive library and an endless scope for learning which I made good use of. I took every opportunity to expand my horizons so I even took a summer course to study at University of Oxford on international human rights which gave me an opportunity to learn from people across the world their outlook towards human rights and how differently in India we perceive the same rights given our socio-economic background. These experiences helped shape my thinking and become more adaptable and accommodative. I chose my internships and moot court competitions according to the subjects I had studied so that I could get into more depth about those subjects. Soon into law school I realised I wanted to get into litigation and I wanted to be in Court arguing matters regularly so I chose to intern with different offices that were active in High Court as well as trial courts. I took electives and courses that would assist me in areas of constitutional, criminal and civil law, all of which were litigation intensive spheres. The things I learnt in these courses are still relevant in the work that I do and being diligent during law school years has proven to be one of my greatest allies in my professional career. 

    Beginning your career as an Associate at the Chambers of Advocate Ankur Sood must have been pivotal experience in your professional journey. Could you share some of the most valuable lessons and experiences you gained during this early phase, and how did you navigate the challenges of building your reputation as a young lawyer amidst the fast-paced world of legal practice?

    They were most certainly the most transformative years for me as a lawyer. As I always dreamt of having an office of my own, the first valuable lesson I got was the importance of having good professional ethics and organisational skills. I saw my seniors being applauded by clients as well as colleagues for their remarkable abilities to manage an office. The second valuable lesson I got was the importance of having a simple yet impressive legal draft. Easy and well organised drafts always strike a chord with the clients and are designed to make law and justice easily accessible which is a vital legal right of the people. The third valuable lesson I got was that there was no alternate to being well-researched and well-read before appearing in Court. I remember I was once asked in the High Court to argue a matter on my own, barely one month into practice while I was only expecting to take a Passover for my senior. However, being put on the spot and made to argue gave me a massive confidence boost and I never looked back because I learnt that it was only upon me to build my own reputation in the fraternity and that nothing would spread word of mouth faster than my own abilities in the Court. Being a young first generation lawyer is not easy, therefore, I grabbed every opportunity to develop a new relation or a new client because I had the confidence in my ability to do justice to my client. No doubt I faltered at times but I was a quick learner and I did not let any shortcomings ever bog me down. I did not shy away from doing cases that did not pay at all or paid very less as long as they were matters of areas of law that I found interesting and had the confidence to deliver in. The profession requires unrelenting hard work and long hours which I was willing to put in because I saw every hour being put in the work as being a way to hone my skill. We are always learning to be more convincing in court which is a place where we stand alone to represent our own craft. I started my independent office just before COVID-19 struck, however that period came as a blessing in disguise for me as I started appearing in different courts all over the country thanks to the VC facility. Good luck and hard work have both paid off in my case.  

    Transitioning from a focus on civil law to specializing in criminal litigation presents a significant shift in approach and skillset. How did this shift refine your abilities in handling complex criminal cases, particularly high-stakes matters like those related to murder, theft, and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act? Can you describe a particularly challenging case that you came across on the criminal side?

    The most important skills in either area of law are your ability to be diligent with the facts and preparedness with the latest law on the subject. I feel as a lawyer you are anyway taught to wear different hats at different times so you automatically learn to have different approaches to any given situation. Dealing more with criminal cases taught me the value of being brief and direct, something that is lost in the pleadings of civil cases. It can be challenging to move from the civil and commercial side to the criminal side because of the habits developed in civil law to be as detailed and explanatory as possible. For instance, in civil law, you cannot lead evidence beyond your pleadings, so one tends to expand and leave room for directing the case in a particular direction. But largely, both parties are aware about the broad ambit of the case of either party. There is no such concept in criminal law, nor is there scope for filing pleadings at trial. You uncover a criminal case like a plucking petals from a flower, i.e. you keep on opening up your case one layer at a time to check which strategy is giving you the best result. Whether you are prosecuting or defending, it is very important to not delve into detailed merits of the case in the early stages of a criminal case so as to avoid giving away your strategy. 

    I don’t believe in calling any matter having a higher stake than the other because every client comes to you with the hope that you are their last hope. As a nation, we are not very litigation friendly and my experience is that in most cases people come to lawyers when they have no more avenues in front of them. As a litigating lawyer, every day in court is a day involving high stakes because the orders passed on a daily basis form a basis for the final judgment that you are expecting in the case. 

    One particularly challenging case that I have seen on the criminal side is one which I am currently handling. This case involves an alleged GST fraud where the accused is alleged to have prepared forged documents for creation of fake GST registrations in order to pocket large sums of money thereby causing losses of many crores to several persons whose GST details have been allegedly forged. The defence of this person rests on proving that it is not his usage of the laptops that has caused any of the fake GST registrations but rather it is the act of a different person who has impersonated or gained illegal access to my client’s laptop to create the fake registrations. An offence of this nature would be covered under Section 467 IPC which contains a punishment of life imprisonment and therefore becomes an extremely crucial matter that involves knowing technical know-how and the interplay of law and technology. 

    After gaining invaluable experience working with prominent legal minds, what inspired you to establish your own practice? What were some of the key obstacles you encountered while setting up your independent practice, and how did you overcome them to build a sustainable and successful legal career?

    I think almost everyone enters the field of chamber litigation with a dream to run their own office and I was no different. I was lucky to have an amazing set of mentors who gave me the confidence in a short span of 3 years to venture out independently. While there is no right formula to this, I had two critical factors in mind while starting my own office. The first was confirming with myself whether I knew what advice to give to a client who came to me with any kind of legal query. It required knowing what next steps were to be taken in any kind of litigation in order to strategize for the client. This confidence I had got because of a wide variety of cases that I had dealt with before different fora in a span of three years and I had already seen many cases go from the first date till the date of judgment so I was sufficiently abreast with what was required at each stage. I did not feel the need for any more handholding in terms of what lay next in any kind of litigation. 

    The second was the frequency of my appearances in court. I did not want to start my own practice and spend the majority of my days at home or in the office. When I saw that I had sufficient work that would require me to give more importance to it than I could give to my senior’s office, I thought it fit to move on. From the first month of when I went independent, I had 15 appearances in a month in different courts which I thought was a decent tally to be on my own. 

    Key obstacles that I faced were the anxiety of finding more work and building connections. For first generation lawyers, finding work is often tough. I was not in the habit of going out to network and find work. Luckily work flowed in at a decent pace for me as word of mouth spread and many law school friends of mine from other states reposed great faith in me to pursue litigation for their clients in Delhi. In the initial phase, the pace of growth was slow and the outbreak of COVID-19 proved to be a period that required a lot more hard work to be able to sustain a practice. During COVID-19, I spent the first six months gorging on legal commentaries and SCC Online in order to expand my knowledge base. To cut costs, I used to manage the filings by myself and did not keep a clerk until it became essential for me to hire someone. I made many judgment compilations on key legal points that are of great help till today. 

    When handling complex criminal cases, especially those involving multi-jurisdictional issues, what strategies do you employ to navigate the legal intricacies of different courts and jurisdictions?

    Different courts and jurisdictions often mean that the rules of procedure as well as general practices of courts and investigating agencies differ. We have in our country several different wings of investigating agencies and all of them have entirely separate rules of functioning. Scandinavian legal theorists propounded that the life of law is not logic but experience. This is best exemplified when one is faced with multi-jurisdictional issues. Different jurisdictions bring with them challenges and frameworks that are prevalent only within that jurisdiction and the best way to deal with them is to fit in your case within that framework. Every Court has its own procedures, customs and practices. It has to be seen whether any party is indulging in forum shopping in order to invoke different jurisdictions to suit one set of procedures or practices. 

    I am currently dealing with a matter that spans across three states with multiple investigating agencies involved. At the outset, it is always important to look at whether the case is even maintainable under multiple jurisdictions. It is then important to check for overlaps and conflicts in the different jurisdictions and see if they can help in identifying loopholes found during different investigations. For instance, I am handling a case where statements given by one witness to different investigating agencies are contrary to each other fundamentally and a comprehensive reading of the same would allow us to safeguard our client from prosecution in both jurisdictions.  

    In litigation, every step that you take becomes a matter of public record and it is very difficult to hide missteps taken along the way. Therefore, it becomes very crucial to be fully aware about the expected reliefs in any given jurisdiction and to file appropriate pleadings in order to minimise the risks of unfavourable outcomes. 

    Given your extensive experience across a wide spectrum of judicial and quasi-judicial forums from the Supreme Court to specialized tribunals, how do you craft your litigation strategy specifically for RERA matters? In your view, what distinguishes real estate litigation under RERA from traditional civil or commercial disputes?

    RERA disputes come in various forms, i.e. judicial as well as administrative. These proceedings are largely summary in nature, i.e. there are no trials or leading of evidence or cross examination etc. in the traditional sense. Real estate litigation can be very complex because it requires a specific expertise in knowing local land laws, environmental laws, understanding of developmental contracts, builder buyer agreements and also understanding the interplay between government departments and private entities. Since it is a fairly recent legislation, there are several areas of law that remain unexplored and it allows for more room to have fundamental jurisprudential arguments. 

    For instance, I am currently working on a dispute that involves a developer who has abandoned a project and is looking to develop a different project on the same land by seeking new investments. Several key issues arise in this case, such as (a) whether a developer which has failed to deliver a project should at all be allowed to migrate to a different project on the same parcel of land. If yes, what sort of limitations can be placed on the developer for the second phase of development. If no, what happens to the parcel of land and how does one take a project towards deregistration; (b) whether a developer can be allowed to migrate to a different project on the same parcel of land without first satisfying the claims of its original allottees/buyers.  It is also interesting to see how and before which forum these questions can be decided. I would put these cases in the hard category of cases because they require a very in depth analysis of RERA and its objectives and its interplay with other laws because often the plain language of the legislation does not provide all answers.

    One very key factor that is always in mind is that RERA was not only enacted for the purposes of solving real estate litigation, but also for the enhancement of the real estate sector in this country which I feel plays a vital role in strategizing how to go about resolving a dispute. We are often faced with questions that pertain to public policy and socio economic reform. Sometimes, apparent and evident contractual remedies may not be the correct remedies under RERA and therefore our pleadings and arguments are designed in a manner to suit the objectives of RERA Act.

    However, I must add that due to the proceedings being summary in nature, these disputes are usually faster to resolve than traditional civil and commercial suits. So one strategy always is to simplify pleadings and make concise arguments. Earlier, RERA orders were executed through different authorities that was leading to long delays but RERA has recently been given the power to execute its own orders which can often turn out to be a challenge and therefore we are constantly finding ways to shorten the execution proceedings to ensure speedier justice to the people who have secured orders in their favour. 

    What has consistently inspired you to pursue a career in law, especially given the high-pressure demands of litigation? How do you maintain a healthy balance between your professional responsibilities and personal well-being, ensuring sustained performance without burnout?

    There is no greater satisfaction than a good day in Court. When you see the hours of toiling while doing research, making drafts and constructing arguments in the office yielding results, the adrenaline rush of a favourable outcome, however small or big it may be, is what keeps me consistently inspired. I also find that litigation allows one to wear so many hats in a day and puts lawyers in a unique position to understand different walks of life and allows us to have key insights into other professions. For example, doing medical negligence cases allows lawyers to not only learn the legal standards of medical negligence but also widens our horizons to understand hospital procedures. A simple cheque bounce dispute could make one get into understanding the internal workings of corporations etc. which I feel is rarely available to people in any other profession. The high pressure of litigation is therefore well-compensated by the diverse set of skills/knowledge that one learns on the job. 

    In a profession such as litigation, you have to learn to accept unpredictability. A seemingly jam-packed day often turns out to be completely free and vice versa. It is therefore important to find moments every now and then to do activities that lower down stress levels and ensure sustainable working models. I ensure personal well being by remaining physically active by playing a sport or regular exercise. I also like to meet my travel goals to help with the exhaustion of a high pressure job. It would be a good idea to not give up on pursuing hobbies and to take out time for them as and when the opportunity is available instead of waiting for a weekend to clear the schedule up. Lastly, in order to avoid a burnout it is essential to ensure that there is no conflict or doubt in your mind about practising law. 

    With your diverse and accomplished legal journey, what guidance would you offer to aspiring legal professionals? Are there particular strategies, learning resources, or a roadmap you would recommend for law students and young lawyers who aspire to excel in litigation or corporate advisory practice?

    It is very important for young lawyers and law students to enter the field of litigation. I especially feel that more female law students must strive to enter the field of litigation as it will go a long way to break gender based barriers. I personally feel that there is room for female lawyers to enter the field of criminal litigation to ensure more gender sensitive dealing of criminal matters. So, I would really encourage young lawyers to come to Court and join litigation. However, this encouragement comes with certain disclaimers. First and foremost, I would advise every young legal professional to be sure of their key skills and capabilities because litigation and corporate advisories require a completely different set of skills to finesse. There is no substitute for a voracious appetite for studying and reading in litigation because it is very important to remain up to date with latest developments in the law and also having the skill to place the developments in the historical context of how the law has been shaped over the years. Lawyers are bombarded with information and documents day in day out and they are expected to be abreast of all developments and therefore presence of mind with a willingness to grasp more is a sine qua non for every litigator. 

    The second skill is learning professional etiquettes which is helpful not only at the bar but also with the clients. As the legal profession is a noble one, it is very important to uphold the highest sense of loyalty to clients as well as the Courts and know that short cuts and convenience must never take precedence. This is extremely important to uphold the dignity of the profession. Lawyers must protect this dignity through their conduct at all times. 

    The third advice would be to remain inquisitive. It is very important for a legal professional to understand the meaning, scope and applicability of any legal problem before him or her. This curiosity and inquisitive nature will allow room for creative uses of the law which is extremely important especially now that the world is transforming and artificial intelligence is percolating all walks of life. 

    Get in touch with Uday Bedi –

  • “At the end of the day, if you are not able to deliver in Court, a last name -no matter how famous- will not get you very far.” – Antony R Julian, Founder and Principal at Julian Law Offices.

    “At the end of the day, if you are not able to deliver in Court, a last name -no matter how famous- will not get you very far.” – Antony R Julian, Founder and Principal at Julian Law Offices.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, particularly at a prestigious institution like University College London (UCL)? What factors influenced your decision to choose UCL, and how would you describe your academic and personal experiences there?

    I always wanted to be a lawyer – even before I understood what a lawyer really does. I have no explanation as to why except guessing that it could be the unconscious conditioning of watching my father (Dr. A. Francis Julian – a Senior Advocate), and hearing stories of my grandfather (who was a lawyer in the erstwhile State of Travancore). I was never consciously influenced to take up the profession by my father. All options were always open. My sister (A dentist and a children’s author) and I were encouraged to explore and see where our intellect and abilities would take us – somehow I always found my way back to the Law.

    This clarity (or blinkered view, if you will) allowed me to focus early on where and how I wanted to study law. I was very clear that I wanted to study law abroad. I had set my sights on going to a law school in the USA. The first time I wrote the LSAT, my scores were not too great. So I decided to take a gap year and write it again. The second time I also wrote the LNAT (the UK equivalent of the LSAT). In the second round, I managed a decent score, and also got scholarships to a couple of good universities in the USA. However, my LNAT scores were comparatively much better and I was offered a place at UCL. 

    Prof. (Dr.) C. Rajkumar (Founding Vice Chancellor of O.P. Jindal Global University) was another profound influence on me from early in my life. I’ve known him from my school days when he used to frequent our home as a law student at Faculty of Law, Delhi University. His stellar academic achievements were inspirational and it was something I tried to emulate. He also counselled and mentored me extensively during the law school admissions process. His time then was especially precious as it was around the same time that OPJGU was being established !

    Seeing the historical relevance of the UCL Law Faculty to India (due to some very famous Indian alumnus, including Mahatma Gandhi), I knew this was where I wanted to go. 

    UCL was a completely different experience after a bachelors degree at Loyola. I struggled a bit initially due to the massive amount of self-study required, but managed to get a decent grade. Life at UCL was not limited to lectures and libraries. The university’s location in the heart of London provided countless opportunities to engage with the city’s cultural and social scene. I learnt the law but more importantly, I learnt a lot about life in my three years there. However, as much as I loved the city,  I didn’t envision myself living there in the long term. So I decided to return to India on completion of my degree.

    After completing your law degree, you pursued an LLM in International Dispute Resolution at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL). What motivated you to specialize in this field, and how did your time at QMUL shape your professional trajectory? In what ways has this specialization influenced your career?

    An LLM is often considered as a purely academic pursuit, unsuited and unnecessary for those in Court litigation. That view, in my opinion, could not be more wrong. The practice of law has become greatly specialised. Having technical expertise is necessary and needed to stand out as a lawyer.  Litigation itself is a vast field, and every field of law has its own form of adversarial litigation, whether before a court, a tribunal, or an arbitrator. 

    QMUL has some of the best faculty in the world when it comes to international arbitration, they are not only academics but also full-time practitioners who have practical experience. They had excellent insights to share during the discussions in the tutorials. 

    In the early stages of your legal career, you worked with Mr. Salman Khurshid. What were some of the most valuable lessons and insights you gained from that experience ?

    Working with Mr. Salman Khurshid was a defining experience in my professional and personal life. Mr. Khurshid (Salman Sir to us) is probably one of the most large hearted persons I have had the opportunity of knowing. He is, of course, a very fine lawyer but above all he is a gentleman and a statesman in the truest sense, he embodied dignity, compassion, and the uncompromising need to ensure justice is done. 

    As his chamber member, I got an opportunity to work on a variety of matters – Constitutional, commercial, criminal, arbitrations- before various judicial fora – the Supreme Court of India, various High Courts, NCLT, NCLAT, TDSAT, COMPAT, etc. 

    Days were spent in Court (this was before the advent of virtual hearings), evenings in the Office. 10-12 hour work days were the norm. But the hardest worker in the office was the head of chambers himself. It was often the case that we would prepare copious notes and go to his house late in the evening to brief him for the next day, only to find him reading the files. This was apart from the various responsibilities he discharged as a leader in the Congress party. 

    Being one of the sought after Senior Counsels in Delhi, he was also a generous paymaster, giving all his chamber members a rather generous retainer coupled with regular bonuses. We were also actively encouraged to take on independent matters and permitted to use the office facilities for our own personal practice. 

    Ours was also a chamber that was very diverse. We had chamber members from at least 10 states in India. We also had a higher number of first generation women lawyers than male lawyers. Of the 20 or so chamber members, only 5 (including me) were male and only 2 were second generation lawyers. 

    Among the many lessons I learnt from my five years (2014-2019) at Mr. Khurshid’s chambers, the one I recall the most is that respect can only be earned, never demanded.

    I have tried my best to emulate these important lessons in mentorship and leadership in my practice as well. Of the four three associates I have had the privilege of working with at Julian Law Offices, all are first generation lawyers, three are women lawyers. One of them is presently doing her LLM in the UK.

    Additionally, being a father to two daughters makes me more conscious of the need to ensure the profession is more welcoming to women. If either of them decide to enter the profession, they need more women role models to look up to. 

    What inspired you to establish your own law practice? What vision guided you in founding your practice, and what were some of the key challenges you encountered during this journey?

    Starting my own practice was a natural trajectory of my career path. Being a law practitioner’s son – I had ready access to a chamber at the Supreme Court, I had a network to tap into, I had a well stocked library of commentaries and law reports at my disposal, and most importantly – credibility capital. These, of course, only get you so far. 

    At the end of the day, if you are not able to deliver in Court, a last name – no matter how famous- will not get you very far. Furthermore, the profession is a rather close knit community and any professional mishaps are rarely forgotten. Having a recognisable last name only increases the scrutiny of your conduct in Court. One is judged much more harshly if one comes from a family of lawyers. Reputations built over a lifetime can be destroyed in a day. For every successful second generation lawyer, there are ten who never made it out of their parents’ shadow.  

    One challenge I faced in establishing my practice was to ensure a steady supply of clientele. Practicing solely at the Supreme Court is not feasible unless one has a ‘feeder’ high court from where one can get a steady supply of matters for appeals. 

    This was the reason I expanded my practice to the Madras High Court in 2021. Having a lot of personal and familial connections in the city, it was a natural move. So far the move has proved 

    Furthermore, my wife and I felt it was a better place for our daughters to grow up in, compared to Delhi.

    You frequently represent clients at the Supreme Court of India. What are unique challenges of advocacy at the Supreme Court, and what strategies do you employ to address them?

    Practice at the Supreme Court of India is unlike practice at any other Court in India. Majority of matters filed at the Supreme Court are Special Leave Petitions (SLPs) under Article 136 of the constitution of India – about 93% according to a recent study. Since this is a completely discretionary jurisdiction, there is no certainty of the appeal being admitted.

    The judges hear about 70 SLPs on Mondays and Fridays (the two days designated for hearing fresh SLPs). The average time granted to make your case in an SLP is about 93 seconds. As counsel one is expected to start in medias res assuming the bench has looked through your petition in detail. You have to know exactly what to say, how to say and (most importantly) when to say it. Brevity is the order of the day and there is no room for any oratorical faff. 

    Another important aspect of Supreme Court practice is drafting. Clarity and Concision are essential. The importance of having a short and concise synopsis cannot be stressed enough. If you cannot state your case in one and half pages of double spaced size 14 font, you have an uphill battle. Early in my career, I used to draft long-winded synopses. I learnt the hard way that this rarely works. 

    If one reads biographies of some of India’s greatest litigation lawyers  (MC Setalvad, Palkhivala, Fali Nariman, etc) you will often find that the common thread in their advocacy is brevity – in pleadings and oral advocacy. 

    Your reputation as a Supreme Court counsel is built on the success in getting SLPs admitted. It is also the way to get a foot in the door so that longer oral submissions can be made when both parties are before the Court and the SLP or Appeal (once leave is granted) is heard at length. 

    A good way to build and protect your reputation at the Supreme Court is to never appear in or file frivolous or meritless SLPs. With adequate experience, one can make a reasonably accurate prediction of whether or not an SLP will be admitted. The SLP should either have legal merit or there should be some grave injustice which is apparent. Without either of these, filing an appeal purely at the instructions of a client is unfair to everyone involved – to the Court as it wastes precious judicial time, to yourself as you will cut a sorry figure in Court, and to your client who ends up wasting resources better spent elsewhere. 

    This can be challenging to do, especially early in your career when it can be tempting to take up every case that comes your way (been there, done that!), But over time you realise that your credibility is built not only on the cases you appear in but also those you don’t appear in. As an Advocate, your duty is not only to your client but also to the Court. Considering the heavy burden on Indian Courts, judges never appreciate their time being consumed by meritless cases. 

     As an arbitration practitioner and a member of the prestigious Chartered Institute of Arbitrators London, what are some of the major challenges in arbitration in India?

    Wiser and more experienced minds have spent much ink on the problems and challenges plaguing Indian Arbitration. Suffice it to say that we cannot continue to run arbitration like courts. We need more non-judge arbitrators.

    Another crucial point is that many businesses, particularly in smaller cities and towns, remain unaware of the advantages of arbitration. With cheaper and faster ODR options available, there are now ways to get low value disputes adjudicated in a faster and efficient manner. Furthermore, there is a need for structured training programs to equip practitioners, arbitrators, and legal professionals with specialized skills in arbitration law and practice

    Another major challenge is post award proceedings. Even though most section 34 challenges fail, the rigmarole of challenge and then enforcement makes arbitration a daunting prospect. Even though it is ultimately much faster than a civil court, post award proceedings are a dampener. 

    What advice would you offer to young lawyers aspiring to build a diverse and successful practice? What key skills, qualities, and mindset do you believe are essential for thriving in the competitive and multifaceted legal profession?

    I am still a ‘young lawyer’ by any measure! And, I am still learning how to build a diverse and successful practice. 

    That said, these are three things which I feel have really helped me in in my personal and professional life.  Firstly, cultivate a reading habit. Read widely, especially non-law books. Fiction, non-fiction, history, humour, mystery – there’s something for everyone. As lawyers, we tell stories (strictly non-fiction!), adhering to certain strict rules, but stories nevertheless. Reading greatly improves the capacity to put complex facts in a coherent manner highlighting aspects that are relevant to your case.

    Secondly, building a great network. The importance of building a good network is crucial for lawyers, especially in India where one cannot market or advertise in any way. A great way to do this is to pursue and cultivate interests outside the law – play sports, join a book club, pursue interests outside the law, take an active interest in your local community. 

    Thirdly, find a good mentor. Ideally someone who’s professional qualities you see yourself emulating. And when the opportunity arises, be a good mentor to others as well. I have had the privilege of watching and learning from some excellent mentors. Mr. Promod Nair, Senior Advocate Karnataka High Court, deserves special mention as someone who has been a good friend, mentor, and guide to me. 

    Balancing the demands of a high-pressure legal career with personal well-being is no easy task. How do you maintain a healthy work-life balance ?

    As a litigation counsel, the demands of the profession can be relentless. There are no fixed working hours, the pressure to consistently perform is high, and unlike salaried positions, there’s no guaranteed monthly income — though the expenses remain constant. This makes litigation a high-stress career, often not very kind to one’s mental and physical health. 

    It’s easy to get consumed by the profession, which is why setting clear personal and professional boundaries early in your career is so important. I firmly believe in prioritising rest, family time, and personal interests without guilt. It’s essential to create space for yourself beyond your work identity. Personally, I avoid carrying work home with me. I’d rather stay late, finish what needs to be done at the office, and keep my home a space of peace and relaxation. This helps maintain a healthy separation between professional responsibilities and personal life. 

    Additionally, taking care of one’s physical well-being is equally important. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper sleep aren’t luxuries — they’re necessities for surviving and thriving in this demanding profession. Over time, I’ve realised that discipline in these small, daily habits make it possible to build a sustainable, fulfilling legal career – and life. 

    Get in touch with Antony R Julian –

  • “I believe, in litigation, it is all about perseverance, focus and hard work. There is no short-cut to that.” – Tanvir Nayar, Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    “I believe, in litigation, it is all about perseverance, focus and hard work. There is no short-cut to that.” – Tanvir Nayar, Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With such an impressive and diverse range of experience spanning constitutional, commercial, civil, and intellectual property rights matters, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? Were there any particular moments or experiences that had a significant impact on your decision to embark on this journey?

    I always found law intriguing. The way it stimulated my mind to find a logical answer to a particular solution, encouraged me to choose this profession. So, it was after my 10th CBSE Board examinations, that I actually made up my mind to have law as an option. Accordingly, I chose the subjects for 11th and 12th, which included history, political science, economics and maths. History gave me the background and political science the foundation to pursue law after my 12th. I was also a part of my School’s, DPS Mathura Road, cricket team, which used to play practice matches with the various teams viz. Delhi High Court Bar Association and Bar Council of India. Thereby, I got an opportunity to interact with Advocates who were in litigation. 

    Having started your career working on Civil, Consumer, Arbitration, Debt, and Criminal matters, what were some of the key learning experiences in the early stages that shaped your understanding of the law and helped pave the way for your remarkable career progression?

    Being a first-generation lawyer, and having no one in my immediate family in law to guide me, I was always open to learn and try everything which came my way. Right after law college, I had an offer to pursue my L.L.M from Kings College, London. However, I thought that without a clear path of which field I wanted to follow i.e. either corporate or litigation, I would have not been able to justify the course. Alternatively, since the placements in college were also not forthcoming, I actually ended up in litigation out of sheer luck. Then I got an opportunity to work under Mr. Sunil Goel, who also practiced in various courts viz. High Court, District Courts, Debt Recovery Tribunal and Consumer Courts. Whereby I got a flavour of different subjections and jurisdictions. However, since I was inclined to do corporate work, I joined a firm to do private equity and debt financing work. This gave me another perspective to law, esp. the commercial aspect. It also cleared my thought process, that litigation was what I wanted to do. Then I got the best opportunity or I would call the break-through, i.e. to work with Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra (prior to her elevation). From then onwards, with the tutelage of Justice Malhotra, the profession has been kind.

    Assisting the esteemed Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra in various legal domains such as constitutional law, arbitration, and public law must have been an invaluable experience. How did her approach to legal research and arguments influence your understanding of complex legal matters, and how has that shaped your own legal practice?

    Getting an opportunity to work under Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra, was the foundation I required as a first-generation lawyer. Despite her achievements, which are continuing even till date, there was no respite from her end. She was so through on facts and law, that it really opened my horizon and prepared me to handle complex matters. The answer was simple, be so well prepared on the facts and law, and to know the brief  from front to end and end to front. Thereafter, the way Justice Malhotra articulated the arguments, was another aspect to learn. Being good in law and also being a good orator, is the best combination any lawyer would wish for, and she had it all. Her relentless hard work is second to none. Watching and getting to learn all this close and first hand, has made me an advocate I am today.

    After gaining such extensive experience in diverse areas of law, what motivated you to establish your own independent practice? What challenges did you face along the way, and what strategies did you use to overcome them and build your firm?

    Starting an independent practice was also a decision, made partially out of choice and partially out of necessity. I would have liked to continue to hone my skills under Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra, for a few more years. However, her very well-deserved elevation to the Hon’ble Supreme Court, gave me the push I probably needed. At the same time, I prepared and gave the Advocate-on-Record examination. However, since the result is declared almost 9-10 months later, I started my practice on the original side as well. Thereby, I started going to District Courts in Delhi and also the Delhi High Court. Since I had a few clients to sustain my practice, I could concentrate on building my network. I was lucky that since I belong to Delhi and was staying with my parents, I did not have to worry about basic sustenance. Without this, probably, I may not have started my independent practice at that time. During the same time, my childhood friends – Samar Khan and Abhishek Bakshi had also started their independent practice and were doing criminal litigation. Their requirement for a person to handle civil and commercial litigation, and my need to increase my practice to other fields coincided. Hence, came the foundation and incorporation of M/s. Aecus Legal.  

    As an Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India, you’ve undoubtedly dealt with some highly complex constitutional and commercial issues. Could you share one of the most challenging cases you’ve worked on, and what steps do you take to thoroughly prepare for and research such high-stakes cases?

    There have been many notable cases I got an opportunity to be a part of. However, the four most notable cases would be the Vyapam Scam, Manesar land scam, Challenge to the vires of the bond condition signed by Doctors pursuing PG/ MD etc., and the challenge to the Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 from two judges up to the Constitution Bench. The simple answer to prepare any matter, being high-stake or not, is to be first well-versed with the facts and then to be through with research. Sometimes, even an issue which may seem small, can be the turning point. That can only be achieved, if one does in-depth research. At the end of the day, there is no short-cut to hard work.

    Given your vast experience representing clients in diverse legal forums, including the Supreme Court, District Courts, and NCLT, how do you tailor your litigation approach to suit the nature of each forum, be it constitutional, commercial, or quasi-criminal? Also, where do you see your firm, Aecus Legal, in the next 5-10 years?

    One does need a certain degree of knowledge, which can only be achieved with experience, to handle different jurisdictions. However, the basic is again to be prepared with the brief on facts. Then, one also needs to be updated on the recent judgments being passed on the said subject. Especially, with the advent of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 and formation of NCLT and NCLAT, there is a new judgment on some aspect or the other, every week. Hence, one needs to keep oneself updated.

    Our firm has grown at a steady pace and gone onto represent many international clients, as well. However, in the next few years, we would be making more specialised teams on different subjects, and then also have a separate general litigation team.

    Clearing the Advocate-on-Record (AOR) examination is a remarkable achievement. What aspects of the exam did you find most challenging, and how did you prepare to successfully navigate this prestigious examination?

    Not undermining the hard work required, I must say that since I extensively practiced in the Supreme Court from 2015 onwards, so the basics were clear. I did not effectively take a break in my profession to prepare for it, but the month of May was primarily focussed on studying for the exam. The most challenging aspect is that one loses touch to write an exam within three hours. For that, I started preparing my notes by writing them, at least one month in advance. The second challenge was to read all the judgments. However, once you are in that zone of studying, slowly and steadily one can manage. It is also important to attend the lectures given by prominent Senior Advocates, some of them also set papers. But I am sure, the advocates who do not practice in Supreme Court on a regular basis, do find the exam challenging.

    Balancing a high-profile legal career with personal life is no easy feat. How do you manage to strike a balance between your professional responsibilities and personal well-being? What strategies do you use to maintain your health and overall well-being while managing such a fulfilling and demanding career?

    To be frank, it is really difficult to maintain a balance. Especially in the early years, and on starting an independent practice. The profession always keeps you on the toes, and it is easy to lose that balance. However, I believe in today’s time, it is required that one does take some time off to just clear one’s mind. Travelling or playing a sport is one way, which has worked for me to un-wind and re-energise. Secondly, I have set-up an office space in my residence as well. So, when the days are light, I work from the residence, which gives you the time to relax at home and also spend time with your family. All this is needed, as I said, it is easy to maintain the balance. On a lighter note, I am still learning.

    With your vast expertise across multiple legal domains, what advice would you give to young lawyers who aspire to have a diverse practice like yours? What key skills and qualities do you believe are essential for success in such competitive and multifaceted fields?

    I believe, in litigation, it is all about perseverance, focus and hard work. There is no short-cut to that. However, one does need some luck. Some of the luck one can make by networking and always  being open to learning. Also, client handling is one thing no one teaches, however is very important. Since lawyers cannot solicit, the best way to advertise is doing your best for your clients. I strongly believe that the profession is an Hon’ble one, and a person can really make a difference. 

    In today’s changing times, as mentioned above, networking has become an important aspect. Though I do not subscribe to the view of making videos on YouTube or Instagram. However, people do not realise that maximum work advocates give to each other, so making a good network of advocates also helps one to get new matters and clients.

    Get in touch with Tanvir Nayar –

  • “I believe that one should broaden their perspective beyond law, as a fair understanding of business, economics, philosophy, and current affairs can make one a more effective lawyer.” – Shubham Saigal, AOR at Supreme Court of India and Partner at Jain & Saigal Law Offices.

    “I believe that one should broaden their perspective beyond law, as a fair understanding of business, economics, philosophy, and current affairs can make one a more effective lawyer.” – Shubham Saigal, AOR at Supreme Court of India and Partner at Jain & Saigal Law Offices.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With over eight (8) years of distinguished experience in the field of law, including being an Advocate-on-Record (AOR), Supreme Court of India, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? What was the driving force behind your decision to join such a prestigious profession?

    Studying law after school was never on my list; I loved Physics and Mathematics, so I chose “Science with Maths” after 10th grade. Simultaneously, I started preparing for IIT-JEE – a common choice for a Science student. One day, on my way to coaching, a traffic police officer stopped me, checked my documents, and made me wait 30 minutes without assigning any reason. I complied, unaware of my rights and the police officer’s powers. This incident sparked my interest in Political Science and Civics, which discussed the concepts of rights, duties, government, democracy, civil liberties, etc. I discussed this new interest with my parents, who were astonishingly supportive of my shift in career aspirations. In fact, it was my father (not a lawyer) who suggested me to pursue a career in law – a suggestion I was keen to explore. The idea that knowledge of the law could empower individuals became a driving force in my decision to pursue law. My father introduced me to a law student, who apprised me of CLAT and National Law Universities. Thereafter, I appeared for CLAT and secured admission to National Law University, Odisha in 2012—an achievement I deeply cherish.

    How has your journey as an advocate evolved, contributing to your expertise and success in the field?

    My journey has been both exciting and challenging. Despite being a first-generation lawyer, I’ve been fortunate enough to have great mentors—from college seniors to the seniors in the profession, especially my bosses—who have played a crucial role in shaping my career.

    Towards the end of law school, I interned with the Supreme Court team at Karanjawala & Co., a top-tier law firm. I was lucky to secure a job there during my internship, marking the start of my career in law. As a fresher, I gained invaluable experience at Karanjawala —assisting in briefing senior advocates, preparing update emails for clients, managing paperwork, and analysing court cause lists. These foundational skills continue to help me till date. I would like to make a special mention of my senior Mr. Utsav Trivedi (now Managing Partner at TAS Law) for his guidance.

    I later joined Luthra & Luthra Law Offices, the team of Mr. Faisal Sherwani, Partner. He was not just a boss, but a true leader—the one who leads by example. Mr. Sherwani has been instrumental in shaping my career and continues to do so. His passion for constitutional law once led to a discussion on the Supreme Court’s judgments on “basic structure doctrine”. This discussion inspired me to prepare for the Advocate-on-Record (AOR) exam. Mr. Sherwani himself is an AOR and I have learnt a great deal from him. 

    At Luthra, I handled diverse matters pertaining to property disputes, IT laws, motor vehicle laws, IP, and criminal law. I significantly honed my drafting skills during my time in Luthra. However, I always aspired to start my independent practice—an idea fully supported by Mr. Sherwani.

    After starting my independent practice, I realized the need to refine my courtroom advocacy. Seeking mentorship, I joined the chambers of a prominent senior advocate, Mrs. Madhavi Divan (former Additional Solicitor General of India), who was kind enough to include me in her team. No discussion on my career trajectory would be complete without mentioning her contributions.

    Madhavi ma’am has a strong work ethic and unwavering consistency in preparation and performance. Despite thoroughly reading briefs, I often felt underprepared in conferences with her, as her questions pushed my intellectual limits. Over time, I began following her line of arguments and anticipating her questions. While assisting her in various matters, including arbitration, insolvency, property disputes, constitutional matters, I learned key advocacy skills—when not to speak in court, how to gauge a judge’s mind, restructuring arguments on the spot, etc. Mrs. Divan has been instrumental in my growth, and I continue to learn from her.

    Having worked with law firms and a senior advocate, what motivated you to establish your own practice? What were the initial hurdles you faced, and what inspired you to take the leap into independent practice, building a firm that reflects your values and legal expertise?

    I think every advocate in dispute resolution aspires to argue before the courts. While working at top-tier law firms, I worked on high-stake matters and assisted in briefing senior advocates but rarely got the chance to argue—rightly so, as I lacked the skills then. However, the urge to start my independent practice never faded. Unfortunately, the demanding law firm schedule left little time to act on it.

    Ironically, the Covid-19 lockdown gave me the opportunity to rethink my career path. Instead of picking up a new hobby, my then flatmate, Mr. Siddharth Jain (now my partner in our law firm), and I focused on taking up independent matters. We started by sending legal notices for corporate clients—companies looking for young lawyers who offered quality work at competitive fees. This instilled confidence in some clients, leading to the launch of our law firm, Jain & Saigal Law Offices, in September 2020.

    Starting out wasn’t easy. The biggest dilemma was leaving a handsome retainer for complete uncertainty—a tough decision every entrepreneur faces. Renting office space, hiring associates, and managing operations brought hidden challenges we hadn’t anticipated. But our determination and positive attitude helped us navigate the journey and build something we truly believed in.

    Starting your career as an associate in law firms and participating in high-profile and landmark insolvency cases must have been a significant learning experience. Could you share some key insights from these cases?

    When I had entered into the profession i.e., in 2017, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) was in its early days. The Reserve Bank of India had identified twelve (12) highly stressed corporate debtors—the “dirty dozen”—for resolution under IBC. Given the stakes, litigation was inevitable, with cases reaching the Supreme Court of India to address legislative gaps and uncertainties in the law. Most of the law firms across the country were engaged in these high-profile matters.

    My interest in insolvency law developed during law school days, even before IBC was enacted. I closely followed mechanisms like Corporate Debt Restructuring and Strategic Debt Restructuring, introduced after statutes such as SICA, SARFAESI, etc. failed to achieve the intended objective. Naturally, I wanted to work on the insolvency matters, and at Karanjawala, I was fortunate to be involved in cases concerning the “dirty dozen”.

    Attending long-hour conferences with clients and senior advocates was invaluable. These conferences made me learn about different perspectives involved in preparing arguments to be presented before the courts. It is not just the provisions of the statutes and their interpretations, or researching the case laws, but also the business’ perspective. In addition to studying the laws applicable, it is equally important for an advocate to understand the intricacies of its client’s business. Laws are meant to regulate business and commerce and not to prohibit them. Thinking beyond legal texts and grasping real-world business implications was my biggest takeaway from these experiences.

    Clearing the AOR exam is a remarkable achievement that speaks volumes about your legal acumen. How did you prepare for this challenging exam, and how has passing the AOR exam enhanced your legal practice, especially in terms of the quality of your representation and legal strategy?

    Preparing for the exam was a nostalgic experience. I studied with my law firm partner and an ex-colleague and a friend I met in Mrs. Divan’s chambers. It felt like college days again—last-minute cramming and somehow making it through. We had organized our schedules efficiently, giving us a full twenty (20) days to prepare. Fortunately, friends who had cleared the exam in the past few years guided us well.

    For me, self-study was the key. I had numerous notes and strategies from friends and other contacts, but they only added to my stress. What truly helped was analyzing past question papers, watching lectures by senior advocates, and studying the material available on the Supreme Court of India’s website. I am immensely grateful to the senior advocates who took time from their busy schedules to help us prepare through their lectures and notes.

    It’s still early to assess how passing the exam has impacted my legal practice, as the results were declared just a couple of months ago. However, the “Supreme Court matters” section in my firm’s “list of matters” is growing noticeably. We remain committed to delivering our best while strictly adhering to the Supreme Court Rules, 2013, and the Apex Court’s directions for the AORs.  

    Representing a high-profile retired bureaucrat in criminal defamation matter, is certainly a critical responsibility. What key legal arguments did you present in this case, and how did you approach defending such a prominent individual against serious allegations, ensuring a successful outcome?

    Unfortunately, this matter is sub-judice before the High Court of Delhi, therefore I cannot comment on this.

    You have been representing homebuyers in multiple courts across Delhi in recovery proceedings initiated by banks against those unable to pay EMIs after being deceived by builders. Could you share the key legal challenges you faced in these cases and the strategies you employed to secure a favourable outcome for your client? Additionally, how do you foresee the evolution of laws surrounding homebuyers’ rights and real estate projects in India moving forward?

    Despite multiple legal remedies available to homebuyers against builders under consumer laws, IBC, and RERA, they lack protection from banks’ recovery proceedings. Many homebuyers, after investing their savings and taking home loans for their dream house, continued paying EMIs, only to realize they had been duped by builders who never began construction or could not complete it in time. When some stopped paying the EMIs, banks initiated legal action(s) against them.

    The clauses of the contract obligates the homebuyers to repay the banks. Therefore, one of the biggest challenges was to determine the appropriate legal forum and remedies to protect the clients from banks’ recovery proceedings. Approaching the Delhi High Court under writ jurisdiction was not fruitful, as the Delhi High Court denied exercising its writ jurisdiction in matters concerning rights of the homebuyers arising purely out of contracts. Thus, beseeching the Supreme Court’s inherent jurisdiction was the only recourse. Initially, the Supreme Court stayed proceedings against homebuyers, but it has now allowed the proceedings before DRT and other tribunals to continue—while prohibiting the issuance of recovery certificates. Additionally, the Apex Court has ordered a special investigation team to probe the nexus between banks/ financial institutions and builders.

    The legal framework for homebuyers’ rights and real estate in India is evolving to enhance consumer protection and transparency. While RERA has strengthened safeguards, enforcement remains a challenge.

    Moving forward, I anticipate further judicial and legislative developments aimed at addressing delays in project completion, streamlining dispute resolution mechanisms, and imposing stricter compliance requirements on builders and banks/ financial institutions. Additionally, the interplay between RERA, insolvency laws and consumer laws, particularly in cases where builders default, might see further clarifications to ensure that the homebuyers’ rights are prioritized.

    There is also a growing demand for digitization in real estate transactions, which could lead to the integration of blockchain technology for property records and increased transparency in financial dealings. The state of Andhra Pradesh has already taken steps in this direction. The role of AI in addressing industry challenges remains to be seen. 

    Your unwavering commitment to the legal profession is truly inspiring. What has been the most rewarding aspect of your legal career so far, and what continues to fuel your passion for law? Additionally, what advice would you offer to the younger generation aspiring to build a successful career in law?

    The most rewarding aspect of my legal career has been the journey of establishing my own law firm. Building my practice from scratch, navigating complex legal challenges, and progressively gaining clients’ trust has been both fulfilling and humbling.

    As a first-generation lawyer, the challenges are constant and sometimes make me question my decision. However, these very challenges push me to improve, adapt, and thrive. The core driving force remains my fundamental duty—to listen to my clients’ concerns, provide them with the best possible solutions available under law, and represent them effectively before the courts.

    I am not sure if I have gained enough experience in the profession to be able to give advices. However, there are a few personal thoughts I can share from my journey so far. As a professional, one needs to always show up and inspire confidence in one’s surroundings—this profession demands commitment, and it is important to rise to the occasion. I also believe that one should broaden one’s perspective beyond law. A fair understanding of business, economics, philosophy, and current affairs can make you a more effective lawyer. Additionally, never trust the shortcuts that would inevitably come your way. Success in any profession is a marathon, not a sprint! Lastly, there is no thumb-rule for success, every individual has its own trajectory. One must trust the process and continue to give one’s best, success and excellence will follow.  

    Balancing a demanding legal career with personal well-being is undoubtedly challenging. How do you manage to strike a harmonious balance between your professional responsibilities and personal life, and what strategies do you employ to ensure that both aspects thrive without compromising either?

    Balancing a demanding legal career with personal well-being is undoubtedly challenging, and honestly, I often find myself struggling to fulfill my personal responsibilities. While I firmly believe that achieving harmony between professional and personal life is essential, I am yet to devise an effective strategy. It is something I am actively working on, especially because my mentors have always emphasized the importance of managing work in a way that ensures every aspect of life is taken care of. I hope that with time and effort, I will be able to strike that balance.

    Get in touch with Shubham Saigal –

  • “Many complex arbitrations involve legal grey areas, and my research experience has helped me anticipate how tribunals might handle such issues. Additionally, the ability to analyse arbitration decisions critically, especially in the absence of binding precedent, has shaped the way I strategize arguments” – Ritunjay Gupta, Advocate-on-Record and Founding Partner at Vidvat Legal.

    “Many complex arbitrations involve legal grey areas, and my research experience has helped me anticipate how tribunals might handle such issues. Additionally, the ability to analyse arbitration decisions critically, especially in the absence of binding precedent, has shaped the way I strategize arguments” – Ritunjay Gupta, Advocate-on-Record and Founding Partner at Vidvat Legal.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Having a background in Business Economics, what inspired you to pursue a career in law? How was your experience during law school, and how did it shape your professional journey?

    Law was not my first choice, nor was it the obvious path after studying Economics and Finance. My initial academic inclination was towards Finance, and I pursued it earnestly, even completing a Master’s degree. However, during my undergraduate years, I was introduced to Business Law and Company Law, subjects that I unexpectedly found both engaging and intellectually stimulating. I excelled in them, even receiving an award for my performance, which planted the first seed of curiosity about the law. That curiosity remained dormant until a friend encouraged me to attempt the Delhi University LLB entrance exam. Securing admission to the Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law felt like an opportunity worth exploring, and once immersed in the study of law, I realized it was where I truly belonged.

    Campus Law Centre was an eye-opening experience. Unlike my previous academic settings, it was a melting pot of individuals from different backgrounds, each with unique motivations – some preparing for civil services, others drawn to political or judicial service roles. Few, like me, were focused on litigation and active practice. Studying law in this environment expanded my perspective, making me more attuned to the socio-political landscape and the practical realities of the legal profession. It wasn’t just about learning the law from textbooks; some of the most insightful debates happened informally, in the ‘Bamboo Garden’ next to the canteen.

    Beyond academics, law school imparted valuable lessons that have remained with me. It taught me the importance of being approachable to people from diverse backgrounds and recognizing that intelligence is not determined by fluency in English, especially in courts across the country where different languages are used for argument. It also deepened my understanding of the intricate relationship between law and the broader socio-political landscape. Above all, it reinforced the importance of perseverance, a quality that continues to guide me in my legal career.

    You completed your Masters at Columbia Law School, New York. What motivated you to choose Columbia Law over other institutions, and how has your experience there influenced your career? How has this degree been advantageous in your legal practice?

    I chose Columbia Law School for its strong focus on international arbitration and commercial law, fields I was keen to specialize in. Columbia’s arbitration faculty is among the best in the world, led by Professor George A. Bermann, Director of the Centre for International Commercial & Investment Arbitration, alongside Professors Kabir Duggal and Robert Smit. Their presence attracts leading professionals and practitioners to engage with students through guest lectures and lunchtime seminars, making Columbia a hub for arbitration discourse. The fact that Columbia is located in New York was an added advantage. The city’s vibrant legal ecosystem offers unparalleled exposure, from regular events at top-tier law firms to seminars and workshops organized by the NY City Bar and State Bar associations. Columbia Arbitration Day is another standout event, bringing together global stalwarts in arbitration to discuss the latest developments in the field. 

    Studying at Columbia reshaped how I approached the law. The learning environment encouraged critical thinking, collaboration, and exposure to global perspectives. With classmates from over 50 countries, discussions went beyond textbooks, offering insights into different legal systems and approaches. The faculty also made a lasting impact. For example, Professor Paul Shechtman, who taught Evidence and Criminal Adjudication, often used courtroom scenes from movies like ‘A Few Good Men’ and ‘12 Angry Men’ to explain legal principles, making learning engaging and memorable.

    A key highlight was working as a Research Assistant to Professor Bermann, contributing to his book ‘Twilight Issues in International Arbitration’. This experience deepened my understanding of arbitration and reinforced the advantage of pursuing an LLM after gaining work experience. Unlike traditional academic programs, an LLM at Columbia is not about competition but personal and professional growth.

    The degree has been invaluable in my legal practice, particularly in refining my approach to complex disputes and arbitration. It has also given me access to leading legal professionals across the globe. With cross-border transactions and disputes becoming increasingly common, it is essential to have access to legal knowledge that transcends jurisdictions. Having friends and colleagues working across different legal systems has been incredibly beneficial. For instance, very recently, in an international arbitration involving U.S. laws and a Delaware corporation, a corporate lawyer and dear friend from Columbia, well-versed in those laws, helped me strategize my approach to the dispute. This is just one of many such instances. Additionally, referral work from friends abroad has been an added bonus. I often serve as their point of contact in India, which has been mutually beneficial.

    Most importantly, the degree has given me credibility, which is invaluable in my profession. With so many lawyers in the country offering, on paper, similar skillsets, the LLM and a foreign-bar qualification has helped me differentiate myself. It has ensured that clients view me in a different light, recognizing the value I bring to the table. In a competitive market, that distinction is crucial.

    At J. Sagar Associates, you worked on a diverse range of matters, including constitutional law, corporate governance, insolvency etc. How did working across such varied legal domains shape your understanding as a lawyer? What were the experiences that have stuck by you?

    JSA was my first job, and like any young lawyer, I was just learning the ropes. What made the experience truly enriching was the diversity of matters I was exposed to across various forums, including the Supreme Court of India. Unlike many large firms where junior associates rarely see the inside of a courtroom, JSA had a strong culture of ensuring its lawyers attended court regularly. This early exposure to court craft played a significant role in shaping my understanding of litigation.

    Working on high-stakes, complex disputes meant that research was at the heart of everything we did. As juniors, we were expected to delve deep into legal principles, dissect arguments, and anticipate counterpoints. This process instilled in me the discipline of extensive reading, a habit that continues to serve me well. Another key advantage of being at a top-tier firm was the opportunity to interact with some of the finest Senior Advocates in the country. Sitting in case conferences with them, observing how they analysed a brief, structured their arguments, and approached strategy was an invaluable learning experience.

    I was also fortunate to work under a mentor who was exceptional in corporate and contract law. His insistence on first-principles thinking kept me on my toes. I had to be thoroughly prepared before even approaching him for a discussion. This ensured that I developed a strong foundation in legal reasoning and analytical skills early on.

    JSA’s marquee clients in the construction and banking sectors further honed my expertise in arbitration and financial law. Many of these cases laid the groundwork for my later specialization in insolvency and arbitration. The firm’s rigorous environment, 100+ hour weeks, working weekends, and months without a holiday was undeniably demanding. But it taught me the value of perseverance, attention to detail, and consistency – qualities that are indispensable for success in the legal profession.

    As a Research Assistant at Columbia Law School, you contributed to drafting chapters for the book Twilight Issues in International Arbitration. How did this research experience deepen your understanding of international arbitration, and how have you applied these insights in your own practice?

    Working with Professor George A. Bermann on ‘Twilight Issues in International Arbitration’ was an incredible learning experience. Every year, Professor Bermann takes on several research assistants, but only a select few get the opportunity to contribute to major projects like this book. I was fortunate to be among those chosen. The book was a four-year project, and during my time at Columbia, I had the privilege of assisting for a year alongside five other students.

    Before this, I had read about international commercial arbitration but had little exposure to twilight issues. These are matters that lack clear legal authority, leaving tribunals to rely on ‘soft law’, general principles, or comparative approaches. Researching topics such as corruption, res judicata, iura novit curia, collateral estoppel, lis pendens, costs, and ethics helped me understand how arbitration functions beyond codified law. This experience also gave me a nuanced perspective on how different jurisdictions approach these unsettled issues and whether international standards are emerging.

    One of the most unique aspects of the research was our access (albeit limited access), granted with Professor Bermann’s approval, to hundreds of confidential arbitral awards from the American Arbitration Association (AAA). Studying these awards provided rare insight into how tribunals across different legal traditions navigate twilight issues. It also deepened my understanding of international arbitration from a common law perspective, particularly the reasoning processes of U.S. based tribunals.

    In my practice, this exposure has been invaluable. Many complex arbitrations involve legal grey areas, and my research experience has helped me anticipate how tribunals might handle such issues. Additionally, the ability to analyse arbitration decisions critically, especially in the absence of binding precedent, has shaped the way I strategize arguments.

    While at IndusLaw, you represented clients in ad-hoc and institutional arbitrations, both domestic and international. How do you view the Indian arbitration framework in comparison to international arbitration mechanisms, and what do you think the future holds for arbitration in India?

    At IndusLaw, I had the opportunity to work on a range of high-stakes arbitrations, including leading a major SIAC arbitration seated in Singapore. Collaborating with top global legal professionals and law firms reinforced my understanding of international arbitration frameworks and best practices.

    While India has made strides in arbitration, it remains far from being a global hub. Judicial intervention, procedural rigidity, and the tendency to appoint retired judges often make arbitration as slow and expensive as court litigation. The frequent challenge of arbitral decisions in courts undermines the efficiency arbitration is meant to provide. Alarmingly, some public sector entities are even moving away from arbitration in their contracts.

    The outlook is not entirely bleak. Both the government and the private sector are advocating for institutional arbitration, businesses are increasingly prioritizing settlements, and the rise in foreign investments is leading to adoption of more institutional arbitration clauses. For arbitration to progress meaningfully, young practitioners must refine their expertise through advanced education, specialized training, and practical experience. Additionally, India needs to foster a pool of specialist arbitrators with a deep understanding of modern commercial disputes, rather than relying predominantly on retired judges. With increasing cross-border transactions, Indian arbitration cannot function in isolation. It must align with international best practices to remain competitive and truly serve its intended purpose of efficient and effective dispute resolution.

    What inspired you to establish Vidvat Legal? Leading complex litigation and arbitration matters across various forums, could you share some of the most challenging and impactful cases you’ve handled since founding your firm? What strategies do you adopt to manage high-stakes disputes and ensure a successful outcome for your clients?

    Starting Vidvat Legal was a conscious decision driven by the need to push my boundaries as a lawyer. After years in top-tier firms, I had gained extensive experience handling high-stakes matters, honing research and drafting skills, and learning to navigate complex disputes. But I wanted to go beyond just being a skilled practitioner. I needed to understand the business side of law i.e., how to generate and retain clients, build long-term relationships, and create tangible value for those I represent. Equally important was the challenge of operating independently, without the built-in support systems of a large firm. Independence has also allowed me to explore areas I had never ventured into before, such as trust law, employment law, land law and constitutional matters.

    One of the more challenging cases I handled after founding Vidvat Legal was representing a Sequoia-funded startup (operating in over 60 countries) in a SIAC arbitration seated in Singapore. The dispute, against a London-based customer, centred on claims for service fees, resource costs, and setup charges under the company’s master services agreement. The case’s multi-jurisdictional nature required navigating international arbitration frameworks and foreign contract laws. Midway through the proceedings, I led settlement negotiations and secured a favourable resolution of over USD 200,000. After the matter was resolved, I worked closely with the client to strengthen their master services agreement and localize employment contracts, ensuring they were more robust and better equipped to prevent similar disputes in the future.

    Another impactful matter was representing (pro-bono) a batch of Delhi University students whose first-year examination results, conducted during COVID, had not been declared even as they approached their final year. The delay had severe consequences, preventing them from applying for higher studies and job opportunities. With college officials unable to resolve the issue, I studied university byelaws, and education guidelines to build a strong case. After petitioning the university, the matter gained traction, and during the pendency of the case, DU finally released the students’ grades, providing them the relief they had been waiting for.

    Success in high-stakes disputes is not just about winning but about managing client expectations and mitigating risks. My approach is simple. Master the facts, conduct rigorous research to ensure well-founded arguments, and draft pleadings that are clear, concise, and structured for ease of comprehension. Keeping clients engaged with timely updates and feedback is crucial. In hearings, I focus on being articulate, respectful to the bench and opposing counsel, and ensuring that every argument serves a strategic purpose.

    With your admission to practice in both India and New York, and now serving as an Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India, how do you navigate the differences between the legal systems of these two jurisdictions? How has practicing in both countries shaped your approach to legal matters, and what challenges or advantages have you experienced in doing so?

    I do not actively practice New York law, but my understanding of it plays a crucial role in international disputes, especially those governed by common law principles. While the procedural aspects of different jurisdictions vary, at its core, law is about logical reasoning. Beyond the specific wording of statutes, common law principles remain largely consistent and are applied in similar ways by courts in India and abroad. Rather than navigating stark differences, my experience in both systems complements my practice and allows me to approach disputes with a broader perspective, particularly in cross-border matters.

    Your legal expertise spans a broad array of fields, which is commendable. What advice would you offer young lawyers who aspire to build a diverse and successful legal career like yours? What skills, qualities, and mindset do you think are essential to thrive in today’s competitive and multifaceted legal environment?

    Building a diverse and successful legal career begins with a strong foundation. While specialization has its advantages, early exposure to different practice areas provides a broader understanding of the legal landscape and equips you to handle complex, multi-faceted matters. The ability to think critically and apply legal principles across domains is invaluable, allowing you to refine your focus over time based on your strengths and interests. Success in law goes beyond knowledge of statutes and precedents. It requires a problem-solving mindset, adaptability, and a commitment to continuous learning. In a field shaped by evolving regulations and judicial trends, those who stand out are not just those who work hard but those who work smart by seeking mentors, building strong professional relationships, and finding ways to distinguish themselves in a competitive environment.

    The reality of the profession is that it is not always a level playing field. Opportunities do not come equally to everyone, whether in securing internships, landing jobs, receiving promotions, or even in the way clients and courts perceive you. Merit is important, but it is not always enough on its own. Recognizing this early and focusing on positioning yourself strategically will help you navigate these challenges more effectively.

    Commitment to the profession often comes at the expense of personal time, with long hours and urgent matters disrupting plans. Flexibility and resilience are necessary to thrive in this demanding environment. Despite the challenges, the intellectual stimulation, career growth, and the impact you can create make the sacrifices worthwhile. If you remain dedicated, disciplined, and focused, the legal profession will offer immense rewards in the long run.

    Managing a demanding legal career while maintaining personal well-being is undoubtedly a challenge. How do you manage to strike a balance between your professional responsibilities and personal life, and what strategies do you use to ensure both aspects are in harmony?

    Balancing a demanding legal career with personal well-being is an ongoing challenge, and I would not say I have mastered it yet. It is a constant effort, with some days feeling overwhelming and others more manageable. There is no perfect formula, but I have learned to prioritize based on impact. When it comes to case preparation or any matter that directly affects a client, I ensure that I dedicate the necessary time and focus. However, when it is about networking or attending outreach events, I make a conscious effort to prioritize my personal life, spending time with family and friends.

    Time with family is something I deeply value, and I make it a point to take breaks whenever possible to step away from work and be with those who matter most. Even during busy periods, I find small ways to stay connected. For instance, while driving, I use the time to catch up with friends and family over calls, making the most of the uninterrupted hours in traffic. Striking a balance is not easy, but being intentional about how I spend my time helps ensure that both my professional commitments and personal well-being receive the attention they deserve.

    Get in touch with Ritunjay Gupta –

  • From Legacy to Practice: Navigating Challenges and Mentorship to Specializing in Civil and Constitutional Law. – Shivam Yadav, Practicing Advocate and Managing Partner at Shivam-Raman & Law Associates.

    From Legacy to Practice: Navigating Challenges and Mentorship to Specializing in Civil and Constitutional Law. – Shivam Yadav, Practicing Advocate and Managing Partner at Shivam-Raman & Law Associates.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    How and why you decided to pursue law or make law your career. But along with that, when did you decide to get into civil and constitutional matters? What was your system and what kind of challenges did you face even before doing all this? 

    The most important thing is that law was never in my mind in my initial days of studies. I wanted to be a doctor. And yes, it is true that I am a second generation lawyer. So, my father remained a very noted criminal lawyer in Allahabad High Court. And then he got elevated to the bench. He remained a judge of Allahabad High Court. And after that he retired as a judge of Allahabad High Court. He became the law commission’s chairman, etc. And now he’s practicing as a senior advocate. So law was never intended. As it happens with many of us. So yes, but law is something, which I believe, which if I had not taken it as a career, then I would not have thrived this much. And I personally feel that law is the only thing which is meant for me. With the efflux of time, you always feel that you can do this, you can do that, but then I personally feel that law is the only one trait where you can achieve anything and everything. That’s one. Secondly, there is no monotony involved in this profession. Every day is a new day. And, every day is a new challenge. Every day is a new case. Every day you get to fight with your friends, your loved ones, your very close ones. And one more thing which is very important is that while we call it practice. It is something that nobody’s perfect. And, even my senior, Mr. SP Gupta used to say that we call it practice for the reasons that we practice it daily. And therefore, nobody’s perfect, even if you falter, if you fail, if you do not deliver properly, then there will be a new day, there will be another day, which is coming and you will succeed. So practice daily and practice with perseverance, practice with utmost devotion, you will succeed. I’m sure about it. So the second thing that you asked was the first hand experience of being a lawyer. So being a lawyer, I told you, this is the best trait one can enter. And for a new lawyer, it is important that in the initial days, he should invest maximum of his time in studies. Apart from preparing cases and preparing your briefs for the seniors and working with them. Doesn’t mean that everything has to be done by the senior. And one should not think that if I’m the last man sitting at the bench in the conference room, or maybe the last man standing in the courtroom along with the team, then my efforts will go unrecognized, nothing. If you’re working, you’re working hard, you will be recognized, your seniors, your immediate colleagues, and even judges. And there’s one more thing which I always remember of my beloved senior. He always used to tell me that when you enter the courtroom, do not try to impress the judge. Try to impress the seniors who are sitting in the courtroom. Because they will be the mouthpiece of yours. They will be talking about you in a thousand places. That this lawyer is doing good, this young lawyer has got good intent of law, etc. So, I personally feel, I develop my practice in this way only, that I never intend to impress upon a judge. My intent was to impress upon my colleagues. My senior advocates, my seniors, immediate seniors who are sitting in the courtroom and whenever I enter the courtroom, they always tell me that if he’s coming, he would be stating the correct facts. He would be placing everything with utmost clarity and without there being any form of deviation from the ethics and the principles which are norms set by our customary ethics and practices. So that’s important. One more thing which is very important, my senior always told me, a lawyer wins a case at his table and he loses the case at his table. It is not in the courtroom. The courtroom is meant for deliveries of your preparation. So to the young lawyers who are all joining the profession of law, it is important that they should try to invest more time on their table, whatever form of table they have, whatever form of chamber they have, big, small, whatever. If you invest your time on the case, preparing it and preparing it thoroughly. You’ll definitely win. You’ll definitely succeed.

    Sir, we’ll continue with the aspect of your beloved senior, Mr. SP Gupta, former Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh, who has influenced your lawyering system. He provided you with a platform to grow and helped you shape your mindset on how to work. If you don’t mind, could you discuss some of the most important, challenging, or rewarding cases you handled under his mentorship, and the lessons you took away from those experiences? 

    See, when I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already at the pinnacle of everything. He was at the top of his field. So, when I joined him, I was extremely happy because it felt like a dream come true. I was joining someone whom I had read about in books. I believe the first case law I read during my law college days was Kesavananda Bharati and SP Gupta vs. Union of India. So, to join him, someone you’ve read about in books, was a much bigger thing for me.

    When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already a top-notch lawyer. He had previously served as the Advocate General twice in Uttar Pradesh, and when I joined him, he had just completed his tenure as Advocate General. When I joined him and almost left his chamber, that was when he became Advocate General again. From Mr. SP Gupta, we learned everything. Whatever my practice is, wherever I stand today, it’s all because of my senior. He taught us everything, right from the basics.

    One thing I always remember about him is that he was very fond of everything in life, but he invested maximum time in reading books, journals, and other things. When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he asked me one question that I still remember. He asked, “Do you read novels?” I said, “Yes, sometimes, not regularly, but often.” He then asked, “When do you read them?” I replied, “Usually in the evenings, or just before going to bed.” He said, “I want to see what kind of novels you read.”

    I thought my senior was interested in my taste in reading, so I gave him extra books—ones that were not even related to me or the genre I typically read. I thought I would show him that I had a wide range of books. The very next day, I was very curious, and I asked him about the books. He said, “They’re in the store.” I asked, “What do you mean by the store?” He replied, “Those books will remain in the store, and they will not be given back to you.” I was surprised and asked why.

    He said, “Instead of reading novels or fiction, you should keep a legal journal, a law journal—whether it’s weekly or monthly—by your bedside. Before you go to bed, you should read it daily.” I asked, “What kind of judgments should I read?” He replied, “Beggars are not choosers. You’re a beggar, you don’t have anything in your pocket. So, collect everything with both your hands and leave nothing behind. Start from page one and read through to the last page of the journal. Read it like a novel. For you, everything—the fiction, the thriller, the romance—everything is in that law journal.”

    He recommended keeping two journals and reading them daily. Even if I don’t intend to practice in a particular field, like tax or company law, I should read it. His point was that reading was for preparedness, not necessarily for immediate specialization. It helps in learning how judges write, how law evolves, and eventually, one day, you’ll get a case related to something you have read before.

    I followed this advice for a significant portion of my career. Though nowadays I don’t do this as much, given the online updates from sources like Live Law, Bar and Bench, and others, I still believe it’s a valuable practice. I would always recommend young lawyers to follow this approach. It helps them understand how things work in the courts and gives them insight into the functioning of the judiciary.

    Another lesson I received from my senior was about the analogy of a grocery store. He always said that a lawyer’s chamber is like a grocery store. There are two types of grocery stores. One carries only a limited selection, while the other is a bigger store with a variety of options. If a customer asks for a chocolate in the first store, the reply would be, “Yes, we have a chocolate, take it.” In the second store, when the customer asks, “Do you have a chocolate?” the reply would be, “We have five brands of chocolate, and each brand comes with ten different flavors. Which one do you want?”

    He asked, “Who would you choose?” The point was clear: preparedness is key. When a client comes to you and asks for something, you should have it ready to offer. A lawyer’s chamber should be like a well-stocked grocery store where you can offer solutions immediately.

    He also emphasized that a lawyer should always be prepared. When a client asks for something, they shouldn’t be told, “Let me check if I have that.” Instead, you should be able to say, “Yes, I have it.” Preparedness is what clients look for, and it’s what makes you stand out.

    These lessons—hard work and preparedness—have stayed with me. Mr. SP Gupta always told me that specialization comes after years of practice, after you’ve invested ten or twenty years into your career. Before that, the key is to be well-prepared in every field. Whether it’s tax, criminal law, or constitutional law—be prepared for anything that comes your way.

    You were with your senior for quite some time and you decided to start your own law firm at a very early stage of your career. How did that happen? And what actually were your plans, or rather, what are your plans for moving forward, and the things that you are seeing nowadays?

    In the legal profession, so many things have changed drastically, especially after COVID hit us. The kind of practice that you may have seen earlier and the kind of practice we now have – where do you see the legal practice going? And how have you equipped yourself with the new practice that has come up, especially the online aspect?
    Sure! Here’s the rephrased version without changing the meaning of the text:

    Let’s start with the online aspect. After the COVID pandemic, we’ve entered a new normal, which includes the way we interact now. This is the new normal, and we all need to be prepared for it. As I mentioned earlier, technology has greatly evolved. While I still subscribe to journals and continue to read them, we’ve also shifted to digital means of gathering all types of information.

    With this shift, it’s crucial to be clear about one thing: if you don’t keep up with technological advancements, you’ll become obsolete. You must adapt to these changes. That’s one point. Secondly, with the development of AI, there are many challenges. People see it as a helpful assistant, but I believe constant supervision is necessary. One should never rely entirely on AI because, at the end of the day, it remains artificial, while original thought should remain original. That being said, I strongly recommend that as technology changes, and as the ways and means of obtaining information evolve, you must stay in tune with these developments and remain aligned with them.

    Regarding Mr. Gupta’s role in the development of my practice after I made the shift, I worked with him, interned with him, and then joined his chamber. I continued working with him until one day in 2012 when he was appointed as the Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh for the second time. It was his decision, not mine, because when you refer to someone as a senior, you must trust their judgment entirely. It’s their decision when the time is right for you to start your independent practice.

    So, when he received this prestigious appointment, he called me and asked to discuss something with me. I went to his chamber, and he said, “Shivam, I think it’s time for you to start your independent practice.” At that time, I wasn’t very sure, because when you’re working with a senior, you have a shield. But when you start independently, that shield is gone, and you are accountable for everything. You’re responsible for everything that happens in your chamber. This was one of the challenges I faced after leaving Mr. SP Gupta’s chamber because once you’re independent, every decision, every case, and every outcome falls on your shoulders.

    There are good days, but there are also bad ones. In the beginning, it’s hard to know when you’ll land in a good spot or a bad spot. But, as I said, it was his decision, and he believed I could develop into a good lawyer over the next ten years. So, I started my practice independently. Of course, there were benefits, like getting referrals and support, but ultimately it’s your responsibility to maintain and grow your practice. You might get nominated and appointed as a lawyer for any big firm, corporation, or entity, but that company or entity won’t retain you if you don’t perform well.

    My senior recognized my potential and encouraged me to focus on the civil side of law. At that time, my father, who was a judge at Allahabad High Court, had restricted me and my brother from practicing criminal law. He had issued a strict instruction that we should not be seen on the criminal side of the Allahabad High Court, which was split into two blocks: one for civil matters and one for criminal matters. His reasoning was that if we were seen in the criminal side, we wouldn’t be allowed to continue in the chamber.

    So, one of the reasons my senior recommended that I start my independent practice, particularly on the civil side, was because of my father’s directive. He believed that if I could establish myself in civil law, I could eventually practice on the criminal side too, though I’m not undermining the criminal side. Having experience in civil law gives you a better understanding of how things work, which can be helpful when dealing with criminal matters. I tried my hand at criminal law as well, but my main area of expertise has always been civil law, and I enjoy practicing in this area.

    That’s how it happened. My senior’s recommendation was crucial in guiding my decision. As for the development of a law firm, my senior had once suggested that I move to Delhi to start practicing in the Supreme Court while my brother would continue in Allahabad. But this plan didn’t work out. My brother chose to move to the Supreme Court, and I stayed in Allahabad, but we decided to start a small law firm. My brother took charge of that, and the firm has been growing ever since.

    Developing a law firm or a chamber is all connected to your practice. It’s about conceiving ideas and adapting to the evolving landscape. But I would say that having an independently established practice can sometimes be more rewarding than having a law firm. The growth of your practice depends on how you nurture it, and a solo practice can often be more fulfilling than being part of a larger law firm.

    You’ve dealt with a versatile range of cases, which is not easy for anyone. You’ve ventured into many different, complex matters. How have you navigated through all of this, especially keeping in mind that you not only have to understand these cases but also help your clients understand what you’re doing? There must be some impactful cases that have shaped your career and changed your approach. Could you share a couple of such impactful cases?

    As I mentioned earlier, when I started my practice independently, I was appointed by one of the most prestigious corporations in the state, the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA). At that time, I was appointed as the standing counsel for NOIDA. In addition to NOIDA, I was also appointed for the Ghaziabad Development Authority, UP Power Corporation, and Kanpur Development Authority, along with several other corporations. However, NOIDA was the one corporation that was facing the highest number of litigations. If you recall, there was a significant full bench decision in the case of Gajraj Singh, which I was part of—not as the standing counsel for NOIDA, but as a respondent represented by my senior, where I was assisting him.

    The Gajraj decision had a significant impact in the Allahabad High Court and essentially changed land acquisition litigation there. It was the biggest decision, and over 1000 cases were decided in that batch of petitions. As a standing counsel, the benefit you get is the variety of cases you handle, and you must manage and address everything yourself. As my senior always told me, if you work hard and focus on your table, you will succeed in every matter. I took this advice to heart and kept it simple. I always advise my juniors and colleagues that when you start something new in your career or practice, you should start from scratch.

    Starting from scratch means buying a bare act, reading it, and understanding the content. From the bare act, you will get at least a basic idea of what you are working with. The next step is understanding the client’s case, followed by thorough research. I followed the same approach without any shortcuts to navigating complex issues—there’s no magic rule, just basics and whatever has been taught to you before. Additionally, I’ve worked on significant cases, including land acquisition cases and election petitions, representing top politicians in the state.

    One case that stands out for me involved caste certificates being issued from outside the state to employees of NOIDA who had been working for 10, 15, or even 20 years. With changes in the corporation’s hierarchy, these certificates were questioned, and it was decided that these certificates, issued against the Supreme Court’s full bench decision (in the caste census case), would not be valid. NOIDA decided to terminate the services of 10 to 20 employees based on this issue. This matter went before a single judge at Allahabad High Court, with Honorable Mr. Justice AP Shahi presiding.

    When I first appeared before the court, I believed the case was straightforward due to the Supreme Court’s ruling, but the Hon’ble judge was very cautious. He noted how harsh it seemed to question the caste certificates of employees who had worked for 15 years. I explained that it was an issue of legality, and the actions taken were correct. However, the court asked me to assist in finding a fair solution. After researching, I found that there was only one judgment related to the issue, given by the Goa bench of the Bombay High Court. The court ultimately used this judgment to rule against NOIDA, saying the caste certificate issue didn’t apply here, as the employees had valid connections to Uttar Pradesh.

    Although I lost the case, the judgment had a significant impact on my career. The court appreciated my fairness, human approach, and my role as an officer of the court. The judgment, which was 14 to 16 pages long, devoted 8 to 9 pages to my arguments, which was a great acknowledgment. Even though I didn’t win, I believe I worked harder than anyone else, and I felt I had supported the cause of justice. As a lawyer, representing a respondent doesn’t always mean you should aim to dismiss the petition; instead, you should focus on achieving justice in whatever form it comes.

    Another significant case I worked on involved an election petition. It was my first time being involved in such a matter, and it was an eye-opener about how civil trials and election petitions function. Unlike writ petitions, election petitions require careful consideration of the client’s version, defense, evidence, and procedural details. This case helped me understand the intricacies of civil law and the trial process, especially how evidence is presented and applied. This experience was incredibly important for my career.

    Moreover, land acquisition cases have been a major part of my practice, especially due to my work with corporations. I became quite proficient in land acquisition law, especially with the advent of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement Act, 2013. I was one of the first lawyers to argue the applicability of section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, which had been widely debated. My argument was that the use of “and” or “or” in this context should be understood properly. This argument was later accepted by the Supreme Court of India in the Indore Development Authority’s case. I consider this one of my key contributions to land acquisition law.

    In summary, I’ve had extensive experience with land acquisition cases, election petitions, and several other types of civil matters, each leaving a significant impact on my career. And as I always tell my juniors, if you want to become an expert, start with the basics and work your way up from the bare act.

    Does this sense of social responsibility extend to your pro bono work? You also serve as a counsel for the High Court Legal Services Authority. How important do you think legal aid is in ensuring justice is accessible, particularly for those who can’t afford legal representation? In today’s world, balancing such a demanding legal practice with pro bono work must be challenging. How do you manage both?
    The idea of pro bono work has always stayed with me, and I consider it something of an inheritance. My father also practiced pro bono work, and it was something we always did as part of our routine. If someone couldn’t afford our fees, we would still offer help without charge. I became associated with the High Court Legal Services Authority because a close friend of mine recommended it. He pointed out that while the District Legal Services Authority often doesn’t attract top-tier lawyers, the High Court and Supreme Court Legal Services Authorities have much better opportunities for those willing to help.

    I’ve always believed that if you’re already doing a lot of pro bono work, there’s no need for anything extra. You’re already in your chamber daily, going to court, doing your job — it’s all part of your practice. Pro bono work provides internal satisfaction, knowing you’re contributing to society.

    Additionally, I noticed that the panels of lawyers in pro bono cases often didn’t include top lawyers with good practices, so I thought I should break that barrier and get involved. I wanted others to see that a well-established lawyer could also participate and provide quality assistance. I’m glad that I took this step, as the High Court Legal Services Authority gives me a lot of cases — including jail appeals, writ petitions, and others — where my involvement is needed. When you do this work, it always feels good, and for me, if you’re a lawyer earning well, a portion of your practice should be dedicated to pro bono work.

    You don’t necessarily need to be part of the High Court or Supreme Court Legal Services Authority to do pro bono work; any legal services panel or even independent work can be done on your own. I’ve always done this. If someone approaches me and tells me they can’t afford my fee, I’m happy to offer free assistance. It doesn’t matter to me because, as my father always used to say, “You’re not taking anything from them. You’re doing your work, and if you help others, perhaps God will remember you and bring more clients your way.”

    This is something that happened to me once. A client I helped for free, who couldn’t pay my fees, later sent me ten cases with significant fee margins. You never know who you might help, and sometimes it comes back to you in ways you wouldn’t expect. Helping others in pro bono work doesn’t need special arrangements or recognition — it’s not something you need to broadcast. It’s a personal commitment, something you do for the right reasons, and it should be kept to yourself. That’s how I’ve always approached it.

     You’ve also built a dedicated team of associates. What do you look for when selecting these associates, and how do you ensure that the culture of your firm remains intact while nurturing young legal professionals?

    Personally, I believe that everything I’ve received from my senior, I should pass on to the younger generation. That’s one of my core beliefs. I interact with them and maintain a friendly relationship, but I also follow certain principles in my chamber. One such principle is that I don’t save their phone numbers unless they truly earn it. I tell every junior that you need to do so much that I should feel compelled to call you, to search for your number and reach out to you. This approach works well with the young lawyers who join my chamber. They all want to be on their senior’s “fast dial” list.

    I also look for young lawyers who have the right passion and drive. I don’t ask about their law degrees or grades in exams. That’s not what matters to me. I conduct a simple interview, and if I sense genuine passion for the profession, they are with me. If you’re not pursuing the profession with the passion it requires, then you’re not with me. I’m a tough taskmaster, and I do scold my juniors when needed. They’re sometimes afraid of me because they know if they make a mistake, I will be very strict with them. But despite this, I remain friendly and approachable.

    When I sit with my juniors, I do so with the clear intent of sharing everything I’ve learned, everything I’ve earned from my seniors. One thing I always try to instill in them is the importance of understanding concepts. I discourage rattofying. Even when reading books, statutes, or judgments, especially the CPC or the CRPC, I stress understanding the concepts behind them. I use the example of the CPC to explain that it’s organized in a particular manner, and you need to understand that structure. For instance, if someone were to ask where the written statement comes in the order of the CPC, and they said it was order one, I would expect them to immediately correct it, as it doesn’t belong there.

    I encourage them to think conceptually, as I believe that if your concepts are clear, you will be able to understand everything. There’s no need to memorize everything in detail, especially since the bar exam is now an open-book exam, which is the right approach. You should know where to find the information, and that comes from having clear concepts.

    I believe I have a great team of about 10 associates, five of whom are highly effective and work closely with me. I provide them with a lot of work and insights into how things should be done, and I think they’re doing well. I’m always available for my juniors, even if they’re not in my chamber. If you come across me and have a question or need help, I’m always ready to offer suggestions and any assistance they need.

     The way you approach the mentoring process, it’s clear that your juniors not only learn from you professionally, but also grow personally. Speaking of personal growth, I’d like to touch on something increasingly important — mental health. Given the immense pressures of the legal profession, how do you maintain your mental well-being, and how do you ensure that your team is also taking care of their mental health?

    As I mentioned earlier, I always try to maintain a friendly relationship with my team. I approach them like an elder brother and strive to remain insightful and supportive. While professional matters are important, I also believe in fostering personal connections whenever possible. When there’s time or space, I enjoy taking them out to restaurants or other places to help them relax and bond in a more friendly, informal setting. It’s important for them to feel good and maintain a positive state of mind.

    Additionally, there’s a principle that my senior taught me, and I’ve followed it throughout my career. My senior never worked on Fridays, and I’ve adopted the same tradition. For the past 16 years, I haven’t worked on Fridays, with only a few exceptions, which I try to avoid. I prefer to handle most of my work on Saturdays, from morning to evening, so that my evenings are free to spend quality time with my family—my kids and my wife. This practice also helps clear my mind because, without time for yourself, constant work can negatively affect your mental well-being.

    As you rightly pointed out, the post-COVID era has introduced many new challenges, and it’s crucial to prioritize your health. For any junior, if you’re not feeling well—whether physically or mentally—it’s important to speak up. In our profession, especially as a lawyer, you must be vocal. If you’re not able to speak up for yourself, how can you speak for your clients? If your senior isn’t interacting with you or isn’t providing the support you need, don’t hesitate to formally express it. It’s important to be open about your concerns.

    Similarly, if your senior is friendly and approachable, always make sure to communicate your feelings. For your own mental health, whenever you’re finishing up for the day and leaving your chamber, avoid talking about work or courtroom gossip. Instead, focus on conversations that bring you joy and positivity—anything that lifts your spirits. This helps maintain a healthy balance.

    It’s a difficult profession, and without proper mental health care, it becomes even harder to thrive.

    Thank you, sir, for sharing these insights so openly. It’s not easy to talk about mental health, as many often dismiss it. But you’ve been very transparent about it.
    Yes, it’s crucial. I personally believe that 80 percent of lawyers in this country are under immense pressure. The workload can be overwhelming and mentally taxing, more so than other professions. It creates a lot of stress and trauma, and it’s not easy to handle. You need to be quick, clear, agile, and constantly prepared. This profession demands a lot from you.

    If your mental health is compromised, it becomes very difficult to survive. Mental health encompasses physical health, emotional well-being, and happiness. If you’re thriving but are constantly unhappy, there’s no point in simply doing well if you’re not at peace. Even seniors should emphasize the importance of mental health. I always encourage my juniors to share any issues they may be facing. I ask them, “What’s going on? Why don’t you seem okay today?” It’s important to check in with each other.

    Get in touch with Shivam Yadav –

  • “My advice to young lawyers, especially first-generation lawyers, is to not overthink the difficulties of starting an independent practice. Challenges are inevitable, no matter what field you’re in.” – Rohit Chandra, Founder & Principal at the Chambers of Rohit Chandra.

    “My advice to young lawyers, especially first-generation lawyers, is to not overthink the difficulties of starting an independent practice. Challenges are inevitable, no matter what field you’re in.” – Rohit Chandra, Founder & Principal at the Chambers of Rohit Chandra.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    As a first-generation lawyer, what motivated you to pursue a legal career, and what challenges did you face early on in your journey? 

    Honestly, not having to study maths anymore was my biggest motivation at first. But as I went through law school and started practicing, I realized what really keeps me going is the ability to make a real difference in people’s lives. There aren’t many professions that give you that kind of impact, and that’s what makes litigation so rewarding for me. Being part of such an esteemed fraternity pushes me to do my job with sincerity and diligence. 

    The challenges in building a legal practice are immense and ever-evolving, irrespective of background. However, as a first-generation lawyer, the journey comes with additional hurdles. Without an established network or a ready-made path to follow, the learning curve is steeper, and access to fair guidance early in one’s career can be limited. Despite these challenges, I firmly believe that resilience, continuous learning, and an unwavering commitment to the profession are what define success in litigation.

    How did your experience at the National Law Institute University, Bhopal, shape your path and influence your legal career? 

    NLIU has played a huge role in shaping me as a legal professional. During my time there, I had the privilege of meeting and building friendships with some incredible people who constantly guided, supported, and motivated me to pursue litigation as an independent advocate. In fact, every major opportunity in my legal career—whether internships, jobs, or other professional breaks—came through the support of my friends and alumni from NLIU. Needless to say, the institution has had a lasting influence on my journey. More than just academics, it helped me build a strong network that has been invaluable in sustaining my legal career, both inside and outside the courtroom. 

    Your career began at the Gwalior High Court, and later joined Advocate-on-Record (Supreme Court) office at New Delhi. What valuable lessons did you learn from these experiences, and how did they contribute to your development as a litigator?

    As a first-generation lawyer, I believe that gaining experience in a chamber is essential before starting an independent practice. For me, these experiences have been invaluable, shaping my approach to the profession and teaching me important lessons about sincerity and dedication in law. Whether in Gwalior or Delhi, I was fortunate to work closely with some incredibly hardworking professionals who mentored me along the way. Their constant support and guidance, even today, help me navigate the complexities of the profession. 

    During your time at RS Prabhu & Co., you had the opportunity to work with major corporations and industry players. What challenges did you face while handling corporate clients, and how did this experience enhance your expertise in corporate law? 

    My time at RS Prabhu & Co. was instrumental in shaping my professional growth. Working with major corporations like Reliance Industries, ONGC, L&T etc. provided me with invaluable exposure to high-stakes corporate legal matters. This experience not only allowed me to engage with some of the biggest industry players but also gave me the opportunity to work alongside and learn from some of the most respected legal pioneers in our fraternity. 

    Handling corporate clients comes with its own set of challenges. Large organizations operate in complex legal and regulatory environments, requiring a deep and constantly evolving understanding of corporate law. Each case or transaction presented unique challenges, pushing me to refine my legal knowledge and skills continuously. The dynamic nature of corporate legal work—ranging from regulatory compliance to high-value contractual negotiations—demanded adaptability, meticulous attention to detail, and a proactive approach to problem-solving. I will always remain grateful to Mr. K.R. Sasiprabhu, whose mentorship and leadership at RS Prabhu & Co. created an environment that nurtured my growth. His guidance not only enhanced my expertise but also gave me the confidence to establish my own practice. The challenges I faced while working with such major corporate clients ultimately strengthened my ability to navigate complex legal issues, making me a more well-rounded legal professional.

    What motivated you to transition from working in established law firms to starting your own independent practice in 2020? What were some of the significant challenges you encountered in building your practice from scratch, and how did you overcome them? 

    Starting my own independent practice was always the plan since my college days. However, the timing depended on several factors. It was during the COVID-19 pandemic, when many offices were shutting down, that I saw an opportunity and decided to take a leap of faith. 

    One of the biggest challenges early on was establishing a steady flow of work, especially since I wasn’t originally from Delhi. Ensuring that my office could sustain itself financially while also keeping myself engaged was a priority. To do that, I took on a wide range of legal work—not just court matters but anything that required legal assistance. Some of these areas were new to me, as I hadn’t dealt with them much during my time with law firms, but they kept me occupied and helped me build a foundation. The early days of independent practice can be exhausting and uncertain, but the constant support and motivation from my family, friends, and mentors made all the difference. Their guidance helped me push through the difficult phases, and over time, I was able to establish a practice that I could sustain and grow. 

    When preparing for and presenting arguments in criminal cases, especially those involving serious offences, what are the key considerations you take into account? 

    When preparing for any case and not just cases involving serious offenses, the first and most important step is to go through the case file thoroughly. Every document needs to be examined in detail to ensure there are no gaps in understanding the facts. A solid argument starts with knowing the case inside out. It’s equally important to carefully study the legal provisions under which the offense is charged. The exact wording of the law matters, and staying updated on recent judgments and legislative changes is crucial. Criminal law keeps evolving, and being aware of these developments helps in building strong and effective arguments. 

    I also make it a point to write down my arguments, no matter how well I remember them. Practicing beforehand allows me to structure my submissions clearly and present them with confidence in court. This ensures that every important detail is covered and arguments are delivered in the most effective way possible.

    What advice would you offer to young lawyers, especially those who are first-generation lawyers, just starting their legal careers? What qualities or skills do you believe are essential for success in today’s competitive legal environment? 

    My advice to young lawyers, especially first-generation lawyers, is to not overthink the difficulties of starting an independent practice. Challenges are inevitable, no matter what field you’re in. Instead of stressing over them, focus on finding something that keeps you going during tough times—whether it’s a strong support system, a particular area of law you enjoy, or just the drive to keep improving. A strong command over the language in which you argue is crucial, and it’s something you need to constantly work on. Never underestimate the importance of hard work—it’s one of the biggest factors in building a successful practice. Also, be disciplined. Always be on time, whether it’s for court hearings or client meetings. Being reliable goes a long way in earning trust and credibility. 

    Most importantly, learn to balance your time between applying your skills and improving them. Keep learning, stay open to feedback, and never stop refining your craft. And no matter how far you go, always be humble and grateful to the people who support you along the way. Success in law isn’t just about what you know—it’s also about how you grow.

    Get in touch with Rohit Chandra –

  • “As a lawyer, I have the chance to advocate for people’s rights, help those who need it most, and work toward a fairer society.” – Sudipto Sircar, Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India

    “As a lawyer, I have the chance to advocate for people’s rights, help those who need it most, and work toward a fairer society.” – Sudipto Sircar, Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Your legal journey spans nearly a decade, during which you’ve handled a wide array of cases. Could you share what initially drew you to the field of law and if there were any particular experiences or influences that guided you toward this path?

    When I reflect on my journey into law, I can’t point to one single moment or experience that set me on this path. It was more like a gradual, almost magnetic pull. You could say it was a slow evolution, starting from my desire to pursue a career in journalism after my 10th class board exams. At one point, I was seriously thinking about a career in music – I’ve always loved playing the bass guitar, and during my final school years, I would practice for hours, often losing track of time and neglecting my studies and preparations for the law entrance exams. There were nights when I’d be lost in my music, while my textbooks sat untouched.

    But then came a pivotal moment. One evening, my father sat me down with a look of concern and said, “You need to make a decision. Choose a path.” And that was the wake-up call I needed. Sure, I still play the bass with as much passion as ever – it’s my way to unwind after a busy day in the courtroom. By day, I’m a lawyer, and by night, I’m a bassist. It’s quite the balance, one that keeps me grounded and inspired.

    What draws me to law is its ability to make a real difference. As a lawyer, I have the chance to advocate for people’s rights, help those who need it most, and work toward a fairer society. It’s not always glamorous, and it’s definitely not as simple and straightforward as it might seem from the outside—there are challenges, frustrations, and setbacks along the way. But despite all that, it’s about using the law to level the playing field, ensuring everyone is heard and treated fairly. At the end of the day, it’s about creating tangible change, and that’s something I find deeply fulfilling.

    In the early stages of your career, working as an associate must have been a valuable learning experience. Having worked with big names, could you highlight a few key lessons or insights that significantly shaped your understanding of the law and contributed to your professional growth?

    I say now in hindsight, particularly for pursuing a long-term career in litigation, but the hardest (and the most important) part of starting your journey in this profession is finding and joining a good Chamber. It can literally decide the course and quality of your career. Honestly, being a first-generation lawyer, I did not have this understanding at the time, but I am grateful as to how life has worked out. I have had the good fortune of working under Mr. A.D.N. Rao (he was an Advocate-on-Record during my days under him) and Mr. Shyam Divan, Senior Advocate, and it has been (and continues to be) an amazing journey.

    If I had to highlight the key lessons I’ve learned, it would be threefold. First, it all comes down to hard work. It’s not always easy, and yes, it means sacrificing weekends and putting in long hours. But the more you give, the faster you learn. It’s the foundation for everything that follows.

    Second, embrace the diversity of work, especially when you’re just starting out. The more varied your tasks, the broader your understanding of the field. It’s in the variety that you truly grow.

    And lastly, be ready to take responsibility for your mistakes, no matter how tough it is. Whether it’s a scolding from a senior over a drafting error or a misstep in court, don’t let it bruise your ego. Mistakes will happen—there’s no way around it. What matters is acknowledging them, learning from them, and using those lessons to become better. Every mistake is a step forward if you let it teach you.

    Having appeared before both the Supreme Court of India and several High Courts, you’ve dealt with a wide range of legal issues. How do you approach preparation for such high-stakes cases, especially those requiring in-depth legal analysis and argumentation? What’s one crucial skill you believe every legal professional should cultivate early in their career?

    When preparing for high-stakes cases, especially those requiring complex legal analysis, my approach is grounded in thoroughness and meticulous planning. First, I immerse myself in the facts of the case—ensuring that I fully understand every detail before moving to the legal aspects. I believe that every great argument begins with understanding the context. Once I have that, I turn to the law itself—scouring precedents, statutes, and legal commentary. I approach each piece of research with a critical eye, looking for nuances that might not be immediately obvious but could make or break an argument.

    Beyond the legal research, I focus on refining my arguments by simulating different scenarios and anticipating possible challenges. This helps me stay flexible and confident in court, ensuring that I can respond effectively to unexpected questions or shifts in direction. 

    As for one crucial skill, I would say it’s the ability to think critically and analytically. Developing the habit of breaking down problems into their core components and approaching them with a clear, logical mindset is essential. This skill doesn’t just help in court—it’s what will guide you through the toughest cases and the most complicated legal challenges. Cultivating this skill early in your career will set the foundation for everything else that follows.

    Your practice covers a wide spectrum of areas, including compliance, agreement drafting, IPR protection, and more. Looking back, what has been the most challenging case you’ve worked on, and what strategies did you employ to navigate the complexities of that matter?

    There have definitely been many challenging cases! And let’s be honest, the definition of a “challenge” evolves as you grow. When I first joined the Bar, even my first appearance before the Supreme Court (just a mentioning, mind you) felt like a monumental task. Now, after a few years, I’ve worked on plenty of complex matters, so the “challenge” isn’t necessarily in the complexity anymore—it’s more about maintaining the same level of attention and quality across every case. It’s like trying to keep your enthusiasm for a TV show after the 10th season… You just have to keep the energy up!

    But if I had to pick one instance that stands out, it would have to be the Ram Mandir dispute. It was my first day under Shyam Divan Sir, and he handed me the small task of diving straight into over 200 volumes of pleadings and evidence. And, mind you, this was pre-COVID days—so we’re talking about physical volumes here, the kind that could double as gym equipment. And later, it turned out that by the end of the week, I was required to prepare the first draft of the Written Submissions. 

    Needless to say, I ended up spending my nights in the office, burning the midnight oil every day from the very first week. And honestly, I loved every minute of it. I was grateful for the trust Shyam Sir had placed in me, and I was determined not to let him down. Looking back, I can confidently say that it was one of the most intense but fulfilling experiences of my career. If you ask me now, I wouldn’t trade that first week in his Chamber for anything!

    In your advisory role with various companies, especially in the telecom sector, you deal with a constantly changing regulatory landscape. What are some of the biggest challenges you face in this area, and how do you navigate the evolving regulations to ensure compliance?

    The biggest challenge is keeping up with the ever-changing regulatory landscape. It’s like trying to catch up with a moving train, except the train keeps changing direction and speed. The simple solution I’ve found is to read—constantly. I devour multiple newspapers and magazines (and thank goodness for Magzter, which has been a lifesaver for both domestic and international updates), and I make it a point to regularly check the websites of regulatory bodies. They’re the first to spill the tea, so I’ve got to be there.

    But beyond just staying updated, ensuring compliance is a constant back-and-forth with various departments. I’ll admit, it’s like trying to decode a puzzle at times, but the experience has generally been positive. Most bureaucrats, when approached with an issue, are surprisingly understanding and willing to help clarify things. They get that regulations can be tricky, and they’re usually happy to work towards a solution. I always tell my clients to steer clear of litigation unless absolutely necessary. With regulatory work, litigation should always be the last resort—sort of like trying to use a sledgehammer to crack a nut. It’s far more effective to talk it through first.

    Your work in environmental law, particularly as assisting the Amicus Curiae in major Supreme Court cases, speaks to your deep commitment to this field. What first sparked your interest in environmental litigation, and what drives you to keep contributing to this area? Furthermore, how do you assess the evolution of environmental jurisprudence in India, particularly in the context of judicial interpretations of laws like the Forest Conservation Act and the Environmental Protection Act?

    To be honest, I didn’t set out to specialize in environmental law or mining law when I first entered the profession—it just happened. It all started because Mr. A.D.N. Rao is the Amicus Curiae in several landmark environmental cases [T.N. Godavarman Case (Forest Conservation Case), M.C. Mehta (Taj Trapezium Case), Goa Foundation (Goa Mining Case), Common Cause (Orissa Mining) and Samaj Parivartana (Karnataka Mining Case)]. He was also very active before the National Green Tribunal. So naturally, I was more than happy to assist him in these high-profile cases. It was chaos, but it was one heck of a learning experience. Mr. Shyam Divan is also the Senior Amicus in Samaj Parivartana.

    Fast forward, when I joined Mr. Shyam Divan’s chamber, my work on Samaj Parivartana continued. In fact, some of my colleague’s joke that this case is what officially got me into the Chamber, since it’s how Shyam Sir got to know me—thanks to my constant presence at briefings with A.D.N. Sir. Alongside that, under Shyam Sir, I also became heavily involved in the Krishna and Cauvery River water disputes, which was a whole new world of learning.

    Through all of this, I can now confidently say I’ve by now internalized environmental law, mining law, and water disputes law. All the major judgments and orders from these cases are by now permanently etched in my brain.

    As for the evolution of environmental jurisprudence in India, I think we’re entering a new phase. In the 1980’s and 1990’s, right up until 2014-2015, the Supreme Court was basically the environmental superhero, swooping in with orders and directions that the government had to follow— It was practically the Court which was running the show.

    But now? Things are shifting. This new phase sees the Court stepping back a bit. Why? Well, for one, many of the major environmental issues the Court was grappling with have been resolved or are winding down. Secondly, we now have a dedicated Environmental Tribunal, which takes up a lot of the heavy lifting that the Supreme Court used to earlier. And, of course, the government is playing its part too, providing more clarity in compliance—though some might argue that this clarity is more developer-friendly than environment-friendly, but that’s a debate for another day.

    The bottom line is, the Court has moved from being the enforcer of environmental laws to more of a law interpreter, and I think it’s striking a balance between being pro-environment and pro-development. It’s no longer just the hammer; it’s more like the guide. And I think the Court is doing a good job of maintaining an equilibrium.

    Enforcing occupational health and safety regulations in India, particularly with respect to the OSH&WC Code, 2020, presents several challenges. From your perspective, what are the key hurdles in ensuring effective enforcement of these regulations? Additionally, could you shed light on your role as a legal consultant in finalizing the standards under the OSH&WC Code, and how your involvement helped shape these regulations?

    The biggest hurdle in enforcing the OSH&WC Code? Well, it’s like trying to run a marathon with one shoe—it’s all about infrastructure and resources. On the bureaucratic side, there are still far too many vacancies in government departments, and that’s not changing anytime soon. On the industry side, especially in the MSME sector, it’s a whole other ballgame. Large corporations can foot the bill for compliance, but for micro and small enterprises? It’s like throwing another weight onto an already overloaded backpack. And let’s not forget, many of these enterprises operate in the informal sector, which only makes enforcement more challenging. This has been a long-standing issue, and there is no quick-fix magic wand in the Code or the regulations that will suddenly solve it overnight.

    As for my role as a legal consultant, I was brought in when the regulations were getting fine-tuned for submission to the Ministry. And let me tell you, it was a race against time. I practically set up camp at the Headquarters of the Director General Factory Advice Service & Labour Institute (DGFASLI) in Bombay for an entire week. It was me and a team of experts from across the country, working long hours, getting up at the crack of dawn and going till evening, vetting every line of the regulations. We worked even during the weekend. But the real fun for me began when the day’s work was over. I stayed up late into the night fixing all the errors and amendments we had discussed for the portion that was completed, so that the next day, there was an updated draft before the team to confirm and finalise.

    On the first night, the DGFASLI staff got a bit of a shock to find me still working past regular office hours into the night. The night guard practically kicked me out of the building so that he could lock up. So the next day, I spoke to the Director and got permission to keep a room in the main building open and running with the guard staying awake to lock up after me. I am pretty sure he was cursing his luck to be stuck with me at night, but hey, we got the job done!

    But in the end, it wasn’t just about hitting deadlines—it was about shaping regulations that could make a real difference and make life a little easier for everyone in the industry. Sure, there were some late nights and a few cups of coffee that felt more like lifelines, but the experience was fulfilling, and I’m proud to have played a part in it.

    With increasing focus on technology, sustainability, and corporate responsibility, how do you see the future of environmental law and occupational safety evolving in the next decade? What emerging trends do you think young lawyers should be preparing for? Also, what advice would you offer to young professionals aspiring to excel in law, particularly in fields you’re deeply engaged with?

    If you asked me what’s changed the most in environmental law, I’d say it’s paper. Pre-COVID, we were practically drowning in it, with piles of pleadings that could take over entire tables, with additional mini towers on the side. Big environmental litigations often run into thousands of pages. But with e-filing and PDFs taking over, paper use has drastically reduced. It’s still a bit of an adjustment for me. I still prefer scribbling down notes on paper with a pen during final arguments, but overall it’s better for the environment, and the back and arms, which were practically crying from the weight of all those files. 

    Looking ahead, I see compliance becoming even more central to environmental law and occupational safety. With technology, sustainability, and corporate responsibility gaining traction, the pressure to comply with environmental standards will only increase. Add to that the rise of AI, and we’re looking at a future where regulations and compliance will be handled more efficiently (but no less seriously) than ever before.

    For young lawyers entering this field, I think the biggest trend to prepare for is the shift towards smaller offices. Technology has already made it possible for lawyers to do what used to require an entire team of stenographers, typists, clerks, and assistants. When I started out, if you didn’t have a good stenographer, you were essentially behind the curve. Now, you can draft petitions on your laptop without needing anyone else to type them out. The upside? It means less overhead costs, making it easier for junior advocates to set up their own practice. The downside? Fewer jobs in law chambers, because there’s less need for large teams to manage all the paperwork.

    So, what does this mean for fresh law grads? It means adaptability will be your best friend. If you’re tech-savvy, you’ll have an edge. But, and this is important, you can’t just rely on the machines. AI might help with drafting and research, but nothing beats good old-fashioned brainpower and creativity when it comes to solving legal problems. Similarly, technology may assist with legal procedures, but it can’t replace the art of persuasion or the nuanced skill of court craft. Those come with experience—and time.

    So my advice to young professionals is two-fold: First, be a sponge—absorb as much knowledge as you can, and do it fast. The legal world is changing, and you need to keep pace. Second, as you adapt, don’t forget the fundamentals. Stay curious, stay sharp, and remember that no amount of technology can replace the value of your own thinking. And, of course, no matter how advanced AI gets, it will never be able to match your charm in the courtroom. That’s the stuff that wins cases.

    As both a legal consultant and advocate-on-record, you manage a broad range of responsibilities. How do you maintain a work-life balance in such a demanding profession? Are there particular habits or practices you’ve adopted to stay focused and energized in this high-pressure field?

    It’s tricky, for sure. But I didn’t enter this field by accident—so I’m not about to complain. The reality is, work-life balance in law is more of an ideal than a constant state. It’s hard to achieve it when your schedule is always in flux, whether you’re waiting in court or running to brief a Senior Advocate. There’s also the drafting, vetting, and admin work that’s part of the daily grind.

    But here’s the thing—there will never be enough hours in the day to do everything. So instead of stressing over the balance, I focus on making time for what truly matters. I make sure to spend time with my wife and family, because that’s the best way I know to recharge. I’m also a philatelist, and I try to dedicate at least a little time each week to that hobby, even if it’s just 30 minutes.

    Beyond that, I walk and meditate when I can. Some days I miss them, and that’s okay. But I also use my car rides—whether I’m heading to the office or coming home—as a chance to think through the day ahead or unwind after a busy one.

    So no, I don’t have a perfect “work-life balance” in the typical sense. But I do make time for the things that keep me focused and energized in a profession that demands a lot.

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