What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? Were there specific factors that shaped your decision?
The decision to pursue law was driven by a confluence of personal experiences and values. Coming from a family where integrity and public service were paramount, I grew up watching my father, Chaudhary Veer Singh, uphold honesty and credibility in every aspect of life. His example instilled in me a desire to pursue a career that could make a meaningful impact on society.
During my tenure as Executive Counsellor in the Delhi University Students’ Union (2003–2004), I encountered the real-world challenges of governance and conflict resolution.I saw firsthand how law plays a pivotal role in addressing grievances and maintaining order. Advocating for students’ rights and negotiating with authorities underscored the importance of the law as a tool for empowerment. These formative experiences, coupled with a desire to address societal inequities, solidified my commitment to the legal profession. I realised that law is not just a profession but a tool for creating meaningful change and that realisation became the foundation of my career.
What pivotal moments helped develop your legal knowledge and skills early on? Did you face any significant challenges?
Working with seasoned lawyer Sh Charan Singh Verma in District Court, Saket was what laid the foundation of my career but the most pivotal moment in my career was joining the cChambers of Advocate-on-Record Ankur Prakash in Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. His mentorship was instrumental in shaping my understanding of Supreme Court practice. Under his guidance, I learned the art of drafting pleadings, including special leave petitions, writ petitions, and counter-affidavits. His insistence on precision and thorough research helped me develop a strong foundation in procedural law.
A particularly defining experience was assisting him in a complex constitutional matter that required interpreting conflicting statutes. Through his mentorship, I gained not only technical skills but also the confidence to handle high-pressure situations. Challenges during this period included managing tight deadlines and navigating the intricacies of Supreme Court practice. However, these experiences laid the groundwork for my future success as an independent practitioner.
What prompted you to establish your own practice, and what initial challenges did you face?
After years of learning under my senior/ mentor I felt a strong desire to create my own professional identity. Working with mentors like Ankur Prakash gave me the skills and confidence to start my practice. I wanted to take ownership of my career and build a legacy of trust and excellence in the legal field. Establishing my practice allowed me to work on cases that aligned with my values and aspirations.
The initial challenges were significant—building a client base, gaining recognition in a competitive environment, and managing operational responsibilities were all daunting. However, the lessons I learned under my mentors proved invaluable. For example, in one of my early independent cases—a property dispute involving multiple parties—I applied the negotiation skills and strategic planning techniques I had observed during my time with my mentor. Successfully resolving the case helped establish my reputation and brought in more clients.
Could you share an example of a complex case you handled and how you resolved it successfully?
A particularly challenging case involved representing a government body in a constitutional matter where the validity of a state policy was questioned. Opposing counsel argued that the policy violated fundamental rights, making the case both high-stakes and politically sensitive.
Drawing on years of my experience with Ankur Prakash, I approached the case with meticulous preparation. I analysed the legislative history of the policy, collaborated with subject-matter experts, and prepared arguments that balanced individual rights with the policy’s public interest objectives. By presenting clear and well-supported arguments, I was able to secure a favourable judgment for my client. This case demonstrated the importance of combining legal expertise with strategic thinking and reinforced my belief in the power of collaboration.
What are your responsibilities as a Panel Lawyer for the State of Rajasthan and NBCC? What cases do you typically represent?
As a Panel Lawyer for the State of Rajasthan, I handle constitutional challenges, criminal & civil appeals, and administrative disputes. These cases often require balancing the state’s interests with broader public welfare considerations. For NBCC, my responsibilities include managing commercial disputes, advising on contractual obligations, and ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks.
My responsibilities include drafting pleadings, representing clients in the Supreme Court and providing legal advice on important issues. These roles require me to balance legal acumen with an understanding of policy implications. Ensuring that my clients interests are effectively represented in critical matters. These roles demand not only legal acumen but also strategic foresight, qualities I developed through years of experience and mentorship.
What motivates you to stay focused and driven, and how do you maintain a balance between work and personal life?
My motivation stems from a desire to make a tangible difference through my work. Every case is an opportunity to advocate for justice, contribute to governance, and create a positive impact. My long-term aspirations—to become one of India’s leading lawyers and a respected political figure—keep me focused on continuous improvement.
Balancing professional and personal life is challenging but essential. I prioritise spending time with my family and engaging in activities that refresh and inspire me. Personal time with family and moments of reflection are essential for maintaining perspective and energy. This balance not only keeps me grounded but also enhances my professional effectiveness.
How has your role as an Advocate-on-Record shaped your approach to handling complex matters in the Supreme Court?
Being an Advocate-on-Record has deepened my understanding of the procedural and substantive nuances of Supreme Court practice, it also demands accountability and precision. Handling cases before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India has sharpened my ability to navigate procedural complexities and distill extensive case records into compelling arguments.
My time of association with Ankur Prakash prepared me for this responsibility by exposing me to high-profile cases and teaching me the importance of precision and accountability.
One unique challenge has been dealing with cases involving conflicting judicial precedents. These require innovative legal reasoning and persuasive articulation to guide the court toward a favourable interpretation. My approach involves detailed research, crafting concise submissions and anticipating questions from the bench to ensure comprehensive preparedness.
What advice would you offer to young lawyers starting out, especially those interested in both criminal and civil law?
I encourage young lawyers to focus on building a strong foundation in legal principles and honing their research skills. A criminal and civil law require different approaches – criminal law emphasises procedural precision, while civil law demands analytical reasoning and negotiation skills. Networking with peers and senior advocates is essential for gaining insights and opportunities.
Additionally, I cannot overstate the value of mentorship. My own experience with Ankur Prakash taught me that having a seasoned professional to guide and challenge you can accelerate your growth and open doors to new opportunities. I also advise young lawyers to embrace challenges, maintain ethical integrity and cultivate resilience. Success in the legal profession is a marathon, not a sprint and consistent effort over time is the key to growth which requires perseverance, and early struggles are stepping stones to long-term achievements.
How do you prepare for high-pressure legal proceedings, and what strategies do you use for effective advocacy?
Preparation begins with a comprehensive review of the case file and identifying key issues. I invest time in drafting concise submissions, researching precedents and anticipating counter arguments. Revising /rehearsing my submissions ensures clarity and confidence during hearings.
In high pressure situations, adaptability and presence of mind are critical. I focus on engaging with the court, addressing questions directly and presenting logical well structured arguments and maintaining composure. I view high pressure situations as opportunities to demonstrate my expertise and adaptability. Effective advocacy, in my view, is about crafting arguments that resonate with the court while addressing the clients objectives.
In your profile, you described AI as a “young associate” in the legal field. Could you elaborate on how AI is redefining traditional legal roles and the kinds of responsibilities we might pass on to AI? How can lawyers adapt to this shift?
I came to law from a manufacturing and engineering background, which gave me a unique perspective. The legal industry differed dramatically from manufacturing and engineering—specifically the accountability and lack of measurement. Much of law is learned through apprenticeship, which is vastly different from the formal training in engineering. In fact, I felt law school left me far less prepared for my career compared to the preparation engineering school provided for engineers.
When I entered the legal field, I realized law practices could be more efficient. I compared it to medicine, where patients now play an active role—researching symptoms, diagnosing themselves (sometimes overly so), and bringing their questions to healthcare professionals. Medicine became somewhat democratized, allowing patients to take ownership of their health, for better or worse. This shift hasn’t happened in law on the same scale.
Most of my career has been in corporate law, and I observed real changes in other corporate departments, like accounting and finance, which moved away from manual tasks toward insightful, risk-based processes supported by software. By contrast, legal departments stayed static for many years. While there were incremental innovations, such as moving from typewriters to word processors or shepherdizing cases online, none of these fundamentally transformed the legal industry.
One significant development came with Alternative Legal Service Providers (ALSPs), which began specializing in areas like eDiscovery in litigation. They didn’t threaten traditional lawyers because these tasks were in untraditional fields. Similarly, in-house legal operations began to introduce the idea of running law as a business, but even that didn’t fundamentally change legal practice, which remained heavily relationship-driven.
We also saw the rise of skilled paralegals, legal process-outsourcers, and other support, but the core practice of law didn’t evolve significantly. In the U.S., access to justice remains a major issue. A large portion of the population can’t afford legal assistance unless they are at a very high-income level. While many dedicate themselves to justice-based work, the problem persists.
Where I see generative AI playing a significant role is in finally shifting some of the ways legal services operate. Generative AI has the potential to fundamentally change the role of outside counsel by improving productivity, reducing rote work, and allowing legal professionals to practice at the top of their expertise. It could bring greater satisfaction to legal roles by enabling lawyers to focus on higher-level thinking, problem-solving, and client strategy. I’d like to believe this will make the field more engaging—and even more fun.
Many lawyers fear AI might take over the legal profession. You’ve been teaching AI engineers to understand “how humans do law.” What surprising or challenging aspects of this collaboration have you encountered? How has your legal and engineering background shaped your perspective?
I wouldn’t go so far as to call myself a “professional” engineer, but my engineering mindset informs everything I do. Regarding AI, I understand the fear—that it might replace lawyers. But I see it differently. As AI reduces costs and improves productivity, legal services become more accessible. More people will be able to afford legal help, and demand will rise. In turn, lawyers will manage more clients while performing at a higher level.
AI isn’t going to take over the legal profession. It’s going to be a tool—a partner and an enabler. This means lawyers can focus on preventing problems, conducting root-cause analyses, and understanding systemic issues instead of repeating the same tasks or racing against time. That’s why I encourage younger associates not to fear AI but to embrace it, adapt to the inevitable pace of change, and maintain a mindset of continuous learning.
What have been the most important skills or mindsets you developed while working on more than 35 M&A deals across 13 countries? How did you navigate the cultural and demographic differences in those deals?
Every culture, country, and even corporation has its own personality. Two key lessons stand out from my experience: humility and collaboration. I don’t assume I know everything. For example, even if I’ve done M&A work globally, the local counsel advising me always knows far more about the nuances of their jurisdiction. They bring priceless insights that I wouldn’t have on my own. Similarly, I’ve learned to be transparent about my preferences, expectations, and objectives while fostering trust.
In any negotiation, it’s critical to show truth, trust, and vulnerability to create an environment where others feel safe to reciprocate. That allows for the best possible collaboration and outcomes.
You’ve negotiated with Fortune 100 companies and Big Four banks. What challenges and rewards have you faced in those negotiations, and how have those experiences influenced your role as a mentor?
The hardest part of negotiations is working with someone unprepared, especially when you’re doing most of the work for both sides of the deal. It doesn’t make for great results. On the other hand, negotiating with the Big Four banks was challenging but rewarding. They were experts—specialists who deeply understood nuanced regulations like credit reporting laws. Collaboration required me to respect their expertise and remain concise and factual while educating them on where our roles aligned.
In negotiations, preparation and confidence are essential. But you must also align closely with your team and communicate openly to achieve success.
You heavily emphasize mentorship and learning. What’s the most impactful piece of advice you’ve received that you pass on to mentees?
Be true to yourself. Focus on developing your strengths rather than obsessing over weaknesses. I believe we’re all given unique gifts. While it’s important to address our shortcomings, trying to “fix” them at the expense of our strengths does more harm than good. The key is to leverage your natural abilities while minimizing distractions from your weaknesses.
You seem to live a life of continuous learning. How do you practice implementing new knowledge in both your personal and professional life?
The key is repetition. Whether it’s a new skill, concept, or even something as simple as someone’s name, using it consistently helps retain it. Skills, particularly technical ones, are perishable if not employed regularly. Teaching, in particular, has been a way for me to cement what I learn. When I share knowledge with others, I not only reinforce what I know but also open myself to learning from their insights.
Your profile mentions a love of backpacking. How has that hobby helped you manage stress or shaped your approach to life and law?
Backpacking forces me to unplug. It takes me back to the essentials of life: reaching the destination, managing supplies, and supporting those hiking alongside me. The simplicity is both grounding and rejuvenating. It reminds me to keep stress in perspective and appreciate the privilege of the work I do.
You’ve had a diverse career across industries like fintech, MedTech, and law. How has this versatility shaped your perspective?
My career has been a journey of curiosity and learning from diverse environments. Moving between fields allowed me to bring insights from one industry into another. For example, working across corporate governance allowed me to see how brilliant leaders approach complex issues. These experiences have helped me ask better questions, foster collaboration, and apply versatile approaches to newer challenges.
Ultimately, people matter more than tasks. Empathy, kindness, and respect guide my interactions, whether I’m working with a Fortune 500 CEO or a junior colleague. Maintaining humility and staying true to these principles is essential.
As technology and societal shifts disrupt the legal profession, how are you preparing for the next decade? How do you mentor others to adopt a similar mindset?
The legal profession is undergoing the most significant inflection of my lifetime, and I’m excited to be part of the generation ushering in this change. To prepare, I focus on continuous learning—keeping up with technology, gaining simulation-based experience, and staying abreast of fast-paced changes.
Personally, I see the democratization of justice as a key issue for the next decade. I hope to leverage my skills and technology to support pro bono efforts and improve access to justice. While the system is imperfect and broadcasts its flaws, history shows us that societies cannot exist without the rule of law. Ensuring we uphold and adapt that system responsibly is a challenge I’m ready to embrace.
What motivated you to pursue a career in law, and what factors influenced your decision to enter this field?
While I was a PCM (Science with Mathematics) student in school, I always knew that engineering or any science-related field wasn’t my calling. At the same time, my family never imposed their aspirations on me, thus allowing me to focus on what truly resonated with me.
What stood out to me about the law was its dynamic nature and its potential to impact society. During my senior year of school, I had the opportunity to meet one of my father’s friends, now a reputed senior advocate. He shared how the profession is not just about arguing cases in court but about shaping the law, resolving disputes, and bringing meaningful changes to people’s lives. “Curiosity, consistency, and determination,” he said, “are the pillars of success in the legal field.” Those words struck a chord with me and broadened my understanding of what a career in law could entail. Choosing law was not just about ambition; it was about aligning my interests with my strengths. I’ve always been drawn to structured reasoning, persuasive communication, and finding creative solutions to challenges.
Looking back, my decision to pursue law feels both deliberate and intuitive, shaped by personal experiences, influential encounters, and the freedom to chart my own course. It wasn’t a single moment but a combination of factors that made me realize that law was where I could thrive and make a meaningful impact.
You went on to pursue your LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from the Straus Institute at Pepperdine University, California (2015), where you were awarded the prestigious Straus Fellowship Award of USD 25,000. What was the driving force behind choosing this institution for your Masters?
During my bachelors in law, I had the privilege of interning with Mr. Veeraraghavan Inbavijayan, one of the foremost arbitrators in the field, who became both a mentor and an influential figure in my professional growth. This internship, although conducted online in 2013—when digital internships were not as widely recognized as they are today—was an incredibly rewarding experience. Mr. Inbavijayan tasked me with researching and preparing detailed notes on various case laws pertaining to construction, maritime, and commercial disputes, areas in which he was actively serving as an arbitrator. The real value of this internship came not just from the legal research, but from the unique opportunity to observe the intricate process of arbitration from a neutral, impartial perspective.
This exposure gave me invaluable insights into how arbitration operates as a mechanism for dispute resolution. What stood out to me the most was the flexibility inherent in the process, which allows parties to resolve conflicts in a more streamlined, cost-effective manner compared to traditional litigation. The freedom arbitration affords to the parties, especially when it comes to choosing the governing laws and procedural rules, deeply fascinated me. This flexibility allows for the customization of the proceedings, making it an appealing choice for complex, multi-jurisdictional disputes that require tailored solutions. The dynamic nature of arbitration, coupled with its efficiency, was exactly what I was looking for in the field of law.
It was during this time that I became certain that arbitration and dispute resolution were the areas I wanted to specialize in. This passion led me to pursue an LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from the Straus Institute at Pepperdine University in California. I chose Pepperdine not only because of its reputation as a leading institution in the field of dispute resolution and its leading ranking, but also because of its practical, hands-on approach to teaching and its strong emphasis on international arbitration and resolving disputes. The Straus Institute’s unique curriculum, combined with its faculty of esteemed professionals who have made significant contributions to the field, made it the ideal place for me to further my knowledge and skill set. The opportunity to study under experts in the field, while also engaging with a diverse, international student body, further solidified my decision. My experience at PepperdineUniversity, particularly being awarded the prestigious Straus Fellowship Award of USD 25,000, gave me both the academic foundation and the practical tools to excel in this field. It was a pivotal step in shaping my career as a dispute resolution professional, and I look back on it as one of the most transformative periods of my professional life.
During your early career, what valuable insights did you gain from your internships in Dubai, particularly regarding international arbitration? How were they different from the law firms in India?
During the early stages of my career, I had the opportunity to intern at several prominent law firms in Dubai, which provided me with invaluable insights into international arbitration, particularly in the context of the Middle East and cross border disputes. These internships were pivotal in shaping my understanding of the practical aspects of arbitration and the unique challenges faced by practitioners in a globalized legal environment.
One of the most significant takeaways from my time in Dubai was the exposure to the complexity of multi-jurisdictional arbitration cases. Unlike India, where many arbitration matters are still in the process of evolving, Dubai is known for being a hub for international arbitration due to its strategic location and modern infrastructure. The Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) and the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) offer a dynamic and highly regulated environment for resolving disputes that involve parties from different legal systems. I had the opportunity to work on cases involving international commercial disputes, construction contracts, and trade agreements, often involving parties from diverse backgrounds and legal traditions. This taught me the importance of understanding and navigating the cultural, legal, and procedural differences that impact the way arbitration is conducted in different parts of the world.
The most striking difference I noticed between law firms in Dubai and those in India was the level of global exposure and the emphasis on handling cross border disputes. In Dubai, arbitration is seen as a preferred method of dispute resolution, and the legal landscape is highly international, with professionals from all over the world practising together. This globalised atmosphere made it clear that international arbitration requires not just expertise in local law but also a deep understanding of international conventions, and the nuances of various national legal systems. The law firms in Dubai, where I interned, placed a significant emphasis on teamwork and collaboration with international partners, which helped me develop a more holistic view of the legal process.
In contrast, the firms in India, while still handling complex arbitration cases, were more focused on domestic laws and issues that were more localised, particularly due to the legal framework in India being still relatively in its development phase compared to more established jurisdictions. Arbitration in India often involved navigating a system that had a more procedural and statutory focus, with a stronger emphasis on litigation and court involvement in certain cases. This made the experience in Dubai refreshing, as I was exposed to a more streamlined and flexible approach, where the role of arbitration centres and the autonomy of the arbitrators were much more pronounced.
Overall, these internships in Dubai not only broadened my knowledge of international arbitration but also deepened my appreciation for the importance of adaptability, cultural sensitivity, and global legal practices in today’s interconnected world. The exposure to both global legal practices in Dubai and the evolving legal landscape in India has given me a comprehensive understanding of how arbitration can function on both local and international stages.
How was your experience at Pepperdine University, California? Were there any other courses which were not strictly related to arbitration? How was the experience of learning different from the law school you attended in India?
My time at Pepperdine University in California was an enriching and transformative experience. Studying at the Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution exposed me to a world of legal education that was dynamic, interdisciplinary, and practical. One of the courses which was not strictly arbitration related, and which I truly enjoyed was ‘Mediation – Theory and Practice’, which was taught by one of the most reputed professors at Pepperdine. The professor’s expertise and real-world experience made the class not only intellectually stimulating but also deeply insightful. I came to appreciate how mediation, as a dispute resolution process, can often be more valuable than arbitration, especially in cases where preserving relationships and finding mutually beneficial solutions are paramount. While arbitration is structured and often adversarial, mediation allows the parties to have greater control over the outcome. In mediation, the role of the mediator is not to impose a decision but to facilitate a dialogue that helps the parties reach their own resolution. This process, which emphasizes collaboration, negotiation, and empathy, is especially valuable in disputes involving long-term relationships, such as family businesses or international partnerships. I found that in many cases, mediation can help preserve ongoing relationships that could be irrevocably damaged through arbitration or litigation. For example, in a commercial dispute between two family-owned businesses, mediation could have been a better approach to help the parties maintain their business relationships while resolving their legal issues amicably.
Another course that had a profound impact on me was Cross-Cultural Conflict and Dispute Resolution, which taught me the importance of understanding how culture influences the way people approach conflict and resolution. This course was particularly relevant in the context of international arbitration, where the parties often come from diverse cultural backgrounds. I learned that cultural differences can significantly impact negotiation styles, communication, and even perceptions of fairness. For instance, I discovered that in some cultures, maintaining harmony and avoiding confrontation is more important than directly addressing the issue, while in others, a more direct, assertive approach is preferred. A great example of this is the difference in conflict resolution approaches between Western and Eastern cultures. In the West, particularly in the United States, a direct, problem-solving approach to conflict is common, with a focus on resolving issues quickly and efficiently. In contrast, many Asian cultures, such as those in Japan and China, place a higher value on maintaining face and relationships, often preferring a more indirect, collaborative approach to resolving disputes.
The educational experience at Pepperdine was vastly different from the law school I attended in India. In India, while the legal education is rigorous, it tends to be more focused on theoretical learning and the application of Indian law, with a strong emphasis on preparing students for the Indian legal system. The approach at Pepperdine, on the other hand, was much more interactive, practical, and globally oriented. The emphasis on skills like negotiation, mediation, and understanding cross-cultural differences was something that added a whole new dimension to my legal education. I appreciated the interactive classroom environment, where we engaged in simulations, role playing exercises, and discussions with peers from diverse legal backgrounds. This collaborative learning approach was a refreshing change from the more traditional, lecture-based style that I was accustomed to in India.
Moreover, the diverse student body at Pepperdine University, representing various nationalities and legal systems, provided a unique opportunity to learn not just from professors but also from peers. This multicultural environment enriched my understanding of international dispute resolution and made me more aware of the complexities involved when resolving conflicts between parties from different legal traditions and cultural contexts.
What motivated you to establish your independent litigation practice in 2020, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic? How did the transition from large firms to independent practice unfold, and how did you manage the shift?
Since the beginning of my law career, I was certain that I wanted to eventually establish my independent practice. While working with several reputed law firms and distinguished lawyers, I gained invaluable insights into the intricacies of legal practice, but I always envisioned carving my own path. By 2020, I felt confident that the time was right to take this step.
Launching an independent practice during the COVID-19 pandemic presented its own set of challenges. The legal landscape had shifted dramatically, with virtual hearings becoming the norm and access to clients and courts being heavily restricted. Yet, I saw this as an opportunity to adapt, innovate, and build a practice rooted in resilience and client-centric solutions.
I distinctly remember my first case under my independent practice—a matrimonial dispute. A wife approached me after her husband had filed a divorce petition on the grounds of cruelty and had even gone so far as to challenge the legitimacy of their child. It was an emotionally charged and legally complex case, especially since the opposing counsel presented substantial evidence to support their claims.
With a methodical approach, I focused on crafting a strategy that emphasized the inconsistencies in their arguments while drawing attention to the factual and emotional dimensions of my client’s situation. After meticulous research, evidence collation, and persuasive arguments, we succeeded in securing reasonable maintenance for both the wife and child. Additionally, we were able to successfully defend the allegations regarding the child’s legitimacy as well as the grounds he had taken for filing the divorce petition. Eventually, the parties resolved their differences amicably and opted for a mutual consent divorce.
That case was pivotal for me—not just because it was my first as an independent lawyer, but also because it reinforced the realization that independent practice requires a broad-based approach. While arbitration had always been a key focus for me, this experience made me realize the importance of diversifying my areas of expertise to serve a wider spectrum of clients. The transition from large firms to independent practice wasn’t without its hurdles. From setting up an office and building a network of clients to manage administrative responsibilities single handedly, it required immense dedication and adaptability. However, the sense of autonomy and the ability to directly impact clients’ lives made the journey truly fulfilling.
Could you describe some of the arbitration cases you handled in your experience over the years?
Throughout my legal career, I have had the opportunity to handle a diverse array of arbitration cases spanning commercial, maritime, construction, and other specialized disputes. My work has taken me across various jurisdictions and arbitration forums, including proceedings governed by the rules of SIAC, LCIA, ICC, and DIAC, among others.
One notable segment of my practice involves construction disputes, which often require a deep understanding of technical issues, contractual frameworks, and project-specific challenges. Many of these disputes are governed by FIDIC contracts, where issues such as delays, price variation, cost overruns, defective work claims, and contract terminations frequently arise. For instance, I successfully represented a client in a complex arbitration concerning a multi million-dollar infrastructure project. The dispute revolved around delay penalties and other related issues and allegations under the FIDIC Silver Book. My approach combined a meticulous analysis of technical reports with a robust presentation of the contract’s terms, ultimately securing a favourable arbitral award for my client.
Another compelling case I worked on involved an international arbitration under LCIA Rules. This dispute was unique, revolving around the ownership and authenticity of a painting by a renowned artist. It was a fascinating blend of legal and art historical issues, requiring close collaboration with art experts, authentication agencies, and valuation professionals. Navigating through conflicting expert testimonies, I was able to establish the authenticity of the artwork and protect my client’s ownership rights, leading to a successful resolution of the dispute.
My experience also extends to maritime arbitration cases, where I have dealt with disputes involving charter party agreements, cargo claims, and shipbuilding contracts. One such case involved a dispute over demurrage claims under a charter party agreement, where my ability to interpret contractual clauses and maritime regulations proved critical in achieving a favourable award for my client. In addition to these, I have handled several high-stakes commercial arbitrations, often involving breaches of contract, shareholder disputes, and joint venture agreements. Each case has contributed to my understanding of arbitration as a dynamic and multifaceted process. I remain committed to delivering effective and pragmatic solutions for my clients in this ever-evolving field.
Having handled various matrimonial cases in your independent practice, what significant trends or changes have you noticed in matrimonial laws?
In my experience handling a wide array of matrimonial cases, one of the most frequent inquiries from clients revolves around questions like, “Do I have to pay alimony to my wife?”, “Can I file for divorce?”, “How much maintenance can I expect?”, etc. While these questions are valid, the answer is often one of the most quintessential lawyerly responses: “It depends.” Matrimonial law does not operate on a one-size-fits-all formula. Alimony, maintenance, and divorce settlements hinge on a variety of factors, including but not limited to: The financial standing and status of the families involved, The standard of living enjoyed by the couple during the marriage, The financial needs of the wife and children (if any), The income sources and earning capacities of both parties., Educational qualifications and professional opportunities are available to both.
It is crucial to emphasize that just because a wife earns more than her husband, it does not automatically disqualify her from seeking maintenance. The courts adopt a balanced approach, taking into account the overarching principles of fairness and justice. One recurring question I encounter, particularly from male clients, is: “Why are matrimonial laws so wife-centric?” This perception is shaped, in part, by social media narratives/influencers that often paint a one dimensional picture. It’s important to understand that laws like the Protection of Women Against Domestic Violence Act are designed to address systemic and pervasive issues of abuse that continue to exist across many regions in India, especially in non-urban areas where such incidents frequently go unreported.
At the same time, I acknowledge that not every case filed by a wife is genuine. Instances of misuse of these laws do occur, leading to false allegations against husbands. However, this does not undermine the broader objective of such legislation. Trusting the judiciary to scrutinize and differentiate between genuine and false claims is imperative. A case that exemplifies this nuanced approach involved a husband with negligible income compared to his wife, who was a high earning professional. Despite the apparent disparity, the court granted maintenance to the husband (and not the wife!) under the Hindu Marriage Act, recognizing his genuine financial dependence and needs. The takeaway here is that matrimonial disputes are inherently complex, and the determination of alimony, maintenance, or grounds for divorce varies significantly from case to case. It is always advisable for individuals to consult a qualified lawyer for tailored legal advice, rather than relying solely on information found online or anecdotal accounts.
Reflecting on your journey, what advice would you offer to students and/or young lawyers who are just starting out in their legal journey?
A piece of advice I’d offer to young lawyers and students embarking on their legal careers is this: “Follow the law, not the money.” In the initial stages, particularly in litigation, the financial rewards may seem modest compared to other legal fields. But the real value lies in the experience you gain, the lessons you learn, and the skills you develop during these formative years. Litigation demands hard work, patience, and resilience. You may take on cases that don’t pay much, or even refer cases to seniors or colleagues, but ensure that you remain actively involved. Follow up, understand the intricacies of each matter, and use every case as a learning opportunity. Remember, the more cases you immerse yourself in, the sharper and more seasoned you’ll become as a litigator.
I was once told: “Curiosity, consistency, and determination are the pillars of success in the legal field.” These words have stayed with me throughout my career. Stay curious, delve into the nuances of the law. Be consistent, work steadily, even when success seems distant. And most importantly, remain determined, litigation is not an easy path, but it is one that rewards those who persevere.
So, to all young lawyers: don’t give up. The early years may feel overwhelming, but with time, effort, and a genuine passion for the law, you will find your place in this profession. Success in litigation is not measured overnight; it’s a journey of constant growth, built one case, one argument, and one lesson at a time.
With over a decade of extensive practice, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law and what factors led you to choose this profession?
My father, Mr. Rameshwar Totala, who is practising at Bombay High Court since 1985, inspired me to pursue a career in law. Since my childhood, I have seen this profession very closely. Since my school days, I accompanied my father and his juniors to courts and spent evening time at his office, so choosing this career came very naturally to me.
What was your area of specialization during your LLM at Bharti Vidyapeeth University, Pune, and what motivated you to choose that particular field of study?
During my LLM at Bharti Vidyapeeth University in Pune, I specialized in Corporate Law. I recognized that expertise in Corporate and Commercial Law would not only enhance my professional capabilities but also allow me to assist clients effectively in navigating complex commercial disputes, making it a strategic choice for my career development especially when you are practising at the financial capital of the country, Mumbai.
Following law school at ILS Law College, Pune, you interned and worked with several prominent advocates and law firms. Could you describe your formative years and the key lessons and experiences that influenced your career path?
My formative years at Law School included internships with esteemed advocates such as Shri Harish Salve, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India and Shri Vineet Naik, Senior Advocate, Bombay High Court. I also got an opportunity to intern in my final semester at Lakshmikumaran & Shridharan firm, Delhi, which specialises in indirect taxation. I also actively participated in moot court competitions and got the opportunity to represent ILS Law College both nationally and internationally. I was also an active participant in cultural events during college in drama and music, which also helped me connect with students from 1st year to 5th year and I am proud that I have friends today from college, not only my batch but throughout all the batches of 2005 to 2010. All these experiences were instrumental in opening a new horizon for me in the legal profession. Working closely with the best professionals in the world allowed me to gain practical insights into various legal strategies and the nuances of litigation, which have been invaluable throughout my career. I have been in touch with all seniors and colleagues whom I met during my internship even today, who helped and guided me during my formative years and I take it as my responsibility to pass on the same learnings, tips and methods to the interns and juniors who intern and work at our chambers.
You’ve been an independent counsel for almost a decade and what challenges did you face during this transition after you switched from a law firm?
My journey from working as a Legal Associate at Vidhii Partners, Mumbai after ILS Law College from 2010 to 2011, then working as a Junior Counsel with Shri Chetan Kapadia, Senior Advocate, Bombay High Court from 2011 to 2017, and then to an Independent Counsel at RT LEGAL chambers since then has been both demanding and deeply fulfilling and I am eternally grateful to my seniors, because of whom, I am able to litigate effectively in courts and tribunals across the globe. I was always sure since beginning that I wanted to be a litigating lawyer and be in the Courtroom throughout my Career. I was fortunate to work at Vidhii Partners after college, where I got the exposure to work at every possible court and tribunal at Mumbai thereby understanding the procedural niceties and the said experience helped me throughout my career till today.
Given your extensive experience in arbitration, how do you prepare for representing clients in arbitral tribunals, particularly in international commercial and contractual disputes?
Preparing for representation in arbitral tribunals involves comprehensive case analysis and strategic planning. Our aim is to have the client bring us all the minute details, which may be either in the form of documentary evidence or oral evidence and then we try to understand the factual scenario after keeping ourselves in the shoes of our client. This fact discovery exercise with the client, prior to initiation of legal proceedings is very important, to avoid any surprises from the other side during the course of trial. In the evolving global landscape, arbitration throughout the globe has become the “new normal” for resolution of disputes and I try and keep myself updated with the best international practices in order to effectively represent my clients. Also, my first effort is to try and convince the client to mediate, if that is an option in the given facts and circumstances. In the last 24 months, despite initiation of Arbitral Proceedings in multiple cases, we have been able to effectively settle half a dozen cases through mediation for our clients to their utmost satisfaction. Out of court settlement brings respite to the client and reduces the litigation at all future stages, thereby saving the burden on our judicial system which is already reeling under the pressure of pendency.
What do you consider to be the primary challenges companies face when dealing with Insolvency petitions and liquidation matters, and how do you assist them?
I have represented and advised several companies in Insolvency and Liquidation matters. The primary challenge faced by the companies, who find themselves in such a position, is lack of legal awareness. I assist these companies by providing tailored legal advice which helps them navigate their rights and obligations under the law so that further damage could be controlled and if required, options for restructuring or liquidation of such companies while ensuring compliance with relevant regulations could also be worked out. I have been fortunate enough to have worked on several large insolvency cases which the country has witnessed since 2017.
What advice would you offer to law students aspiring to build a successful career like yours? Are there any resources or tools you regularly refer to while navigating the legal profession?
For law students aspiring to build successful careers, I recommend seeking diverse experiences through internships and actively networking within the legal community. They should explore different areas of practice in Law before choosing a niche area of practice. Engaging with mentors can provide invaluable guidance. Staying updated on legal developments through journals, books, online resources is also crucial for continuous professional growth. The field of law is vast and offers numerous opportunities. Through internships, students can explore and determine their preferred career paths, whether it be litigation, corporate law, serving as In-House legal Counsel, being a part of Judiciary or pursuing a career in academia. Last but not the least, litigation is a marathon race, in which you will succeed only if you stick around. After COVID, Virtual hearings are the new normal and most of the courts have also begun to live stream the proceedings. It is a great opportunity for the law students and lawyers to regularly witness these proceedings virtually in the comfort of your home/office and follow the cases, which are of national importance or involve an interesting question of law.
With the demanding nature of your career and responsibilities, how do you manage to unwind and maintain a healthy work-life balance? What strategies or activities help you cope with stress and stay focused?
Our work often demands frequent travel to different cities for court hearings, client meetings, or case preparations. Amidst the relentless pace of this profession, I strive to carve out moments to unwind. Music, one of my cherished hobbies, becomes a sanctuary where I can momentarily escape the pressures of legal battles. It allows me to slow down, regain my composure, and reconnect with myself and approach my responsibilities with renewed focus and energy. If I would not have been a lawyer, I surely would have been in the music profession.
Looking back on your early career, was law a profession you always intended to pursue, or was there a specific experience or event that led you to choose this path? Additionally, what sparked your interest in specialising in Arbitration Law?
Reflecting on my journey, while a lifelong fascination with law wasn’t my initial trajectory, a personal experience profoundly influenced my decision to pursue this path. Witnessing the impact of a significant business dispute within my family during my 12th grade board exams instilled in me a deep appreciation for the importance of legal knowledge and the power of the law. As it is said knowledge is power and therefore, law was the natural choice.
Although I initially enrolled in Economics Hons. from Delhi University, my burgeoning interest in the law led me to pursue a law degree at Amity Law School (affiliated to GGSIPU), a decision that was met with both support and a degree of apprehension from my family, as I was the first in my family to venture into the legal profession.
Regarding your second question, my initial foray into the world of arbitration occurred during my internship with Mr. Shaiwal Srivastava at Paras Legal. The intricacies of arbitration practice, the flexibility it provides to parties and counsel, captivated my imagination. This early exposure ignited a deep and enduring passion for this specialized field, ultimately shaping my professional trajectory.
During the early stages of your practice, you were involved in India-seated arbitration for various Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). What key lessons did you learn from that phase that helped shape your reputation in the field and contributed to your career growth?
My early career involved significant engagement in India-seated arbitrations for various Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), an experience that proved invaluable in shaping my professional trajectory. This formative period under the mentorship of Mr. S.K. Maniktala, my first mentor, instilled crucial lessons that continue to guide my practice today.
One of the most significant takeaways was the paramount importance of rigorous legal research. As a junior lawyer, I was deeply involved in researching case law, not only from Indian jurisdictions but also from other common law countries, recognizing that certain legal concepts were relatively nascent in India in the field of Construction law like Concurrent delay. Mr. Maniktala imparted a valuable piece of advice: if a particular legal argument/proposition cannot be found through thorough research, it is crucial to question whether the situation is truly unprecedented, if not then further research is required. This guidance has consistently challenged me to delve deeper and ensure comprehensive analysis.
Furthermore, this period underscored the critical role of meticulous drafting. Under Mr. Maniktala’s guidance, I learned to pay close attention to the structure and language of legal documents. His meticulous review of my drafts, often involving hours of discussion, instilled a deep appreciation for the precision and clarity required in legal writing.
Finally, this experience reinforced the ethical obligations of legal practice. Mr. Maniktala emphasized the importance of honesty and transparency before the court. He instilled the principle that a lawyer’s duty is to assist the court in arriving at a just outcome, which may sometimes involve presenting arguments that may not be entirely favorable to their client’s position. This emphasis on ethical conduct has been a cornerstone of my legal career. If a fact or law is not in our favour, it is the responsibility of the lawyer to show that the said fact or law is not relevant or other considerations hold more importance.
After working with a Law Firm in your initial years, what made you switch to Chambers of Senior Advocates Mr. Pravin H. Parekh and Mr. Ramji Srinivasan and what were the key differences that you came across while working in a law firm and Chambers?
After gaining valuable experience in a law firm, I made a conscious decision to transition to the Chambers of Senior Advocates Mr. Pravin H. Parekh and Mr. Ramji Srinivasan. While my time in the law firm provided a strong foundation in procedural aspects, drafting, and legal research, I observed a significant difference in the approach to legal practice between the two environments.
In the law firm setting, I often found myself involved in presenting a considerable amount of information to Senior Advocates. However, I witnessed how Senior Advocates possess an exceptional ability to distill complex legal arguments, identify the core issues, and present them in a concise and impactful manner. This acute analytical ability, honed through years of experience in high-stakes litigation, particularly resonated with me, given the limited time available for oral arguments before courts in comparison to arbitral tribunal.
This realization, coupled with my deep admiration for the expertise and experience of Senior Advocates like Mr. Fali Nariman, who famously described the above practice as “The School of the Hard Knocks,” led me to pursue this path. My time in the Chambers of Mr. Ramji Srinivasan and subsequently Mr. Pravin Parekh proved to be an invaluable and intellectually stimulating experience and enriching in honing my advocacy skills. I had the privilege of assisting them on matters of national significance, including the landmark Sabrimala case before the nine-judge bench and the AGR matter, gaining invaluable insights into the highest levels of legal advocacy.
Presently, you are working with MRP Advisory. Could you please share more about your experience managing various legal disputes across different legal areas you work in?
I am currently a Senior Associate at MRP Advisory, where I have the privilege of working under the esteemed leadership of Mr. Adarsh Ramakrishnan. My role involves a diverse portfolio of international and domestic disputes, encompassing seat of arbitration in India, UAE, Singapore, Qatar, Oman, London, and Nepal.
The firm specializes in high-stakes international and domestic arbitration matters, primarily focusing on construction/infrastructure and complex contractual disputes. This challenging and rewarding work environment provides ample opportunities for professional development and contributes significantly to my legal career.
This exposure to a wide range of legal systems, including both common and civil law, presents a unique and intellectually stimulating environment. The constant engagement with different legal frameworks and cultural nuances fosters continuous learning and prevents professional stagnation.
Furthermore, collaborating with foreign legal counsel from various jurisdictions provides invaluable insights into international legal practices and fosters a deeper understanding of cultural diversity.
MRP Advisory empowers its associates to grow independently, allowing for significant autonomy and minimal supervision. I am particularly proud to have led the firm’s initiative on discussions concerning construction law and policies in both the Middle East and India, through Podcasts/Webinars and assisted in Dubai Arbitration Week.
Given your extensive experience in handling arbitrations across different jurisdictions, how do you stay current with the evolving trends in this field? What advice would you give to newcomers aspiring to build a career similar to yours, and what resources do you rely on to stay informed?
Reading and keeping abreast with the current trends and law is sine qua non. For this my advice would be:
Jurisdictional Focus:Selecting a specific jurisdiction (or a few) is crucial. This allows for deeper specialization and a better understanding of the nuances of that legal system.
Leading Professionals: Following prominent figures on LinkedIn is invaluable. Platforms like LinkedIn, Twitter, and even blogs provide insights into current debates, case developments, and industry events.
Key Institutions: Staying informed about the activities of major arbitral institutions (ICC, SIAC, LCIA, MCIA etc.) is essential. Their websites, publications, and events offer valuable resources and insights into evolving trends. Along with this, regional institutions of the particular jurisdiction must be followed as well.
Legal Databases and Publications: Utilizing platforms like Kluwer Arbitration, Westlaw, LexisNexis, and specialized journals is crucial for in-depth legal research and analysis.
Conferences and Workshops: Attending conferences and workshops is vital for networking, learning from experts, and staying abreast of the latest developments in the field.
Professional Associations: Utilize the resources available on International Bar Association (IBA), Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb), Society of Construction Law etc.
Advice to new comers:
While I feel I am too junior to offer advice to newcomers on building a career in international arbitration, I would like to emphasize the importance of maintaining an open mindset regarding career paths early in one’s legal career. Law is a vast and multifaceted discipline, presenting a myriad of opportunities.
Internships and the initial years of practice should be approached as a time for exploration across various legal domains. Personally, I have gained experience in diverse areas such as domestic and international arbitration, commercial and civil litigation, insolvency, and constitutional law. Furthermore, I continually seek to expand my knowledge in technology law whenever I have the opportunity.
It is essential to recognize that each individual’s career journey is unique. Rather than simply following in the footsteps of others, I encourage you to carve your own path in the legal profession. Enjoy the process and always be a student of law.
Reflecting on your extensive experience of over a decade, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and what was your journey like during law school at NLU Jodhpur?
I’ve always been fascinated by how the law shapes societies and protects individual rights. Growing up, dinner conversations always revolved around legal and political issues. My father’s stories about his day at Court or a case often left an impression on me. However, it was not until Class 12, that I finally decided to pursue law. Preparing for the Common Entrance Test with Mrs. Sheela Reddy, who trained a handful of students pro bono, cemented my interest in law. She followed a Socratic method of teaching which I came to appreciate even more when I was at UC Berkeley. She would often quip that training with her, we had already covered all the subjects that would be covered till the third year of law school. She was not entirely wrong.
Choosing NLU Jodhpur was a turning point—it was challenging, exciting, and rewarding in equal measure. The curriculum was rigorous, and opportunities like mooting and journal editing pushed me to think critically and hone my legal acumen. Brief Writing for Moot Court Competitions gave me an opportunity to really experiment not just with legal writing but also with legal research. Although, when I look at those Briefs now, they seem silly, they have played a huge role in exposing me to various facets of advocacy. I was always clear that I wanted to pursue Litigation, probably because that is all that I had seen growing up.
Having completed your LL.M. at UC Berkeley, California, what led you to choose this institution and specialize in areas such as Constitutional Law and International Commercial Arbitration? How did the teaching methodology at Berkeley differ from what you experienced in India?
Berkeley popularly is known for its IP program. However, I wanted to study with Professors like Erwin Chemrinsky and Neil Popovich who are well known in the fields of Constitutional Law and International Commercial Arbitration respectively. During my time at Berkeley I also opted for some IP course which focused on Federal Litigation which helped me a great deal when I later worked in the US. One Senior Advocate I worked with used to refer to Constitutional Law as the divine law. I agree with him. For me the genesis of any legal system flows from its constitution and constitutional theory. Even during law school, constitutional philosophy appealed to me a lot. The socratic approach of dissecting seminal Constitutional Law cases at Berkeley, gave me new insights into constitutional philosophy and the critical approach to reading any case law. I also had the opposite to explore the field of Administrative Law, an offshoot of Constitutional law during my time at Berkeley. Comparing the evolution of Administrative Law in India and the US gave me a new perspective about how Indian Courts dealt with this subject. The compare and contrast approach along with the socratic approach, I believe has a lasting impact on anyone who studies as such institutions. The exposure the Institution offered is unparalleled. The multi national perspective you get to experience aids one in thinking from different perspectives as well.
As a dual-qualified lawyer in both India and California, how has this qualification shaped your practice? How do you handle multi-jurisdictional disputes, particularly those involving private international law?
Being qualified in both jurisdictions allows me to work seamlessly on matters in both jurisdictions and also cross-border matters, especially in cases involving overlapping jurisdictions. Like Courts in India, most Courts in the US have also gone digital during the COVID-19 pandemic. That change has further helped me appear virtually in matters in the US. Doing cases in both jurisdictions simultaneously offers me a unique way to compare both the systems, the laws, the manner of interpretation, and the approach. This has helped me in doing multi-jurisdictional matters as well. I am able to anticipate how different aspects could play out in the two jurisdictions.
Managing each multi-jurisdictional dispute is unique. For instance, in a corruption case involving Indian and foreign entities, understanding the nuances of both legal systems was crucial. Managing such disputes often involves coordinating with subject experts, local counsel, and understanding the differing legal frameworks. One has to anticipate how any stance taken in one jurisdiction may impact the other jurisdictions.
In your litigation practice in India, you’ve worked on intricate cases in Administrative Law, Company Law, and Constitutional Law. Could you share an example of a particularly challenging case and how you navigated it?
I was fortunate to work on a few white collar offences and was successful in defending the independent directors of the Company. However, as an offshoot of the main offence, the SFIO had initiated proceedings before the NCLT against all the directors. Ultimately, it took us close to 14 years to have the matter resolved. All through this period, the case was heard by different benches of NCLT – some time in New Delhi and then in Hyderabad. Navigating the voluminous record running into several thousand pages each time we had to argue the matter and then to have the matter placed before a different bench was initially disheartening. Several other directors, considering the time it was taking, admitted their guilt and agreed for the punishment. However, we advised our client not to take such a plea and to fight it out. Ultimately, our client was the only one who was successful in defending the charges and the case was dismissed against him. The case was a learning experience not just on the skill of advocacy but also on the overlapping legal issues between criminal law and Company law.
Transitioning from the Indian legal system to the U.S. must have presented its challenges. What were the key differences in litigation practices between the two systems, and what were the most difficult aspects of passing the California Bar exam?
While I noticed a lot of similarities between the two systems, the biggest difference I noticed is the approach to Litigation. All the stake holders in a dispute, including the Lawyers and Judges always try to settle the matter either before going to court or before trial begins. The attempt to settle disputes is not limited to civil matters but extends to criminal matters as well in the form of plea bargains. The other aspect that I noticed is the time it takes to get a dispute / case heard. There have been occasions where we would complete a trial in half a day and the judgement is also delivered immediately.
The most difficult part about the Bar exam, especially for foreign lawyers, is to be able to study for 14-16 hours a day for at least 50-60 days. That is the amount of time it takes to go over the 14 odd subjects that you get tested on. Most courses for the preparation are designed keeping in view this requirement. If one were to put in the long hours without giving into exhaustion, then clearing the exam is not that difficult. I think lawyers with some amount of practical training fare better in the exam because they are able to compare and contrast the systems to make it easier to remember a large amount of information.
In both the corruption case and shareholder dispute you handled, you faced complex, multi-jurisdictional issues. How do you manage the intersection of domestic and international law in such cases?
These cases require a fine balance between understanding the specifics of domestic law and the broader implications of international treaties or foreign regulations. In one of those instances, we had to attend court proceedings in three different jurisdictions carefully monitoring the stand being presented to avoid adverse results in any other jurisdiction. Trying to coordinate with lawyers from two other jurisdictions was very enriching in the sense that it gave us an opportunity to understand how they viewed and dealt with such disputes. Sometimes, the discussions would see no end as we differed on the strategy to be adopted in each jurisdiction. Thankfully those were very few instances.
Can you elaborate on your role and the specific challenges you face while representing institutions like the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam (TTD) before the Andhra Pradesh High Court?
While representing institutions like TTD a nuanced approach is required that takes into account the complexities of the case and the specific context of religious institutions. One of the primary challenges is balancing the legal aspects of the case with the deep religious sentiments of the millions of devotees associated with TTD.
When addressing legal issues, it’s crucial to be sensitive to the cultural and spiritual importance of TTD, as any decisions made can significantly impact the faith and emotions of the community. This requires not only legal expertise but also an understanding of the social and religious dynamics at play.
Additionally, I focus on looking at the larger picture. This means considering the long-term implications of legal decisions, not just for TTD, but for the broader community and the heritage it represents. It’s important to advocate for solutions that not only resolve immediate legal challenges but also promote the greater good and ensure the continued functioning of the institution in a way that respects and upholds the values of the devotees.
Overall, navigating these challenges requires a careful balance of legal strategy, cultural sensitivity, and a commitment to the wider implications of our work.
What advice would you give to law students and professionals who aspire to build a career like yours, with a focus on international practice and successfully clearing the California Bar Exam?
I believe that going forward there would be a globalisation of the legal industry. Lawyers with training in other jurisdictions are needed in all fields of law. For instance, when we represent Indian origin clients in the US, the client and the lawyers there prefer to have an Indian lawyer on the team. This would ensure a more robust representation for the client. I think multi-jurisdictional careers are going to be the norm. It is very doable and in fact some jurisdictions in the US enable foreign trained lawyers to apply to the Bar without further education. California is one such jurisdiction.
For those preparing for the California Bar, practice is key—focus on understanding patterns and writing concise, analytical answers. Legal writing is what most candidates find difficult.
With your numerous professional commitments, how do you manage to maintain a balance between your personal life and your demanding legal practice?
Balancing a demanding legal practice with personal life is indeed very difficult. One of the key strategies I employ is setting clear boundaries. This means making a conscious effort to separate work from personal time, ensuring that I dedicate specific hours to my legal practice while also carving out time for my personal life and family.
Additionally, I maximize my time in court. Court appearances can be time-consuming, but I use that time efficiently. By preparing thoroughly and organizing my schedule around court dates, I can minimize the amount of time spent on related tasks outside of court, which helps free up more time for my personal commitments.
Overall, while the challenge of maintaining this balance is significant, being disciplined about boundaries and strategic about my court-related time helps me manage both my professional responsibilities and personal life more effectively.
After completing your Bachelor of Science at St. Stephen’s College, Delhi University, you chose to pursue a law degree at the Faculty of Law, Delhi University. What inspired you to transition from a science background to law?
Growing up, I couldn’t help but notice the inequalities that shaped the lives of those around me, especially the women in my family and community. It was clear that opportunities were often more accessible to men, while women struggled to break through societal barriers. I wondered why this was the case, and why these disparities seemed to be reinforced by the very structures that shaped our daily lives. These questions sparked a desire in me to understand and challenge the systems that perpetuated such inequalities igniting a passion for social justice that would go on to define both my academic and professional journey.
Like many young people, I didn’t initially know what path to take. With limited exposure to different fields, I chose science, as it seemed like the natural route at the time. However, as I progressed in my studies, I began to feel a growing sense that my true calling lay in something that could directly address the inequalities I had observed. My involvement in student activism during my undergraduate years was a turning point. Working with others who shared my drive for change, I saw how collective action, combined with legal frameworks, could lead to real impact. I started to see the power of law—not just as a career, but as a tool for social change. The more I learned, the more I realized how law could be used to challenge injustices, shape policies, and drive societal transformation. This experience solidified my belief that law was the right path for me—not just to build a career, but to actively contribute to advancing justice and creating lasting change.
You completed your Master’s in Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, specializing in Public International Law with a focus on International Law. What motivated you to choose this particular specialization, and why did you decide to study at LSE?
My career began as a litigator, and later as theLaw Clerk (Research Assistant) to the then Chief Justice of India, Hon’ble Justice Dr. T.S. Thakur. These formative experiences provided me with invaluable, hands-on exposure to the inner workings of the domestic legal system. I gained a deep, practical understanding of how law operates on the ground—how cases unfold, which strategies are employed, and, most importantly, the profound impact legal decisions have on individuals and communities.
However, as I spent more time in the field, I began to feel a growing sense of unease. While domestic law certainly plays a pivotal role in shaping society, I found myself drawn to the larger, more complex global issues that transcend borders—issues that require solutions beyond the scope of national legislation. The pressing challenges of our time—climate change, human rights abuses, and systemic inequality—are not confined to one nation or jurisdiction; they demand a global response. It was through this realization that I became captivated by the potential of international law to address these global concerns.
The more I learned, the more convinced I became that international law was the key to understanding and influencing these global systems. I saw how it shapes the legal frameworks governing the relationships between nations and people, and how it holds the power to tackle some of the world’s most urgent challenges. This growing fascination inspired me to specialize in international law, with the aim of acquiring the knowledge and skills needed to contribute meaningfully to resolving these complex issues and working towards a more just, sustainable, and equitable future.
To pursue this passion, I sought an academic environment that would challenge me and equip me with the necessary tools to navigate the intricacies of international legal systems. The opportunity to study at the London School of Economics (LSE) felt like a natural next step. Renowned for its interdisciplinary approach to legal education, LSE emphasizes combining rigorous academic analysis with practical, real-world application. This approach resonated deeply with my aspirations and offered exactly what I was looking for—an education that would push me to think critically about global legal challenges and develop holistic solutions by providing me not only quality education but also complementing the same with work experience in the UK, Türkiye and Austria.
I was humbled and honored to be awarded the prestigious Chevening Scholarship by the British Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office. This scholarship not only provided the financial support I needed to study at one of the world’s leading institutions but also connected me to a network of passionate, like-minded individuals from diverse backgrounds. The exposure to a broad range of perspectives and experiences enriched my academic journey, broadened my worldview, and deepened my commitment to addressing the world’s most pressing challenges.
Looking back, my journey from a domestic litigator to an international law scholar has been driven by a single, unwavering conviction: to challenge systemic inequalities and create a lasting impact toward a more just and equitable world.
Having worked with various advocates and judges in different roles and forums, you eventually chose to pursue a career in the judiciary. What motivated you to take this step, and how did you approach preparing for the Delhi Judicial Services (DJS) exam, ultimately securing second rank nationwide?
My decision to pursue a career in the judiciary was shaped by two deeply personal influences: my family history and my professional journey.
My father grew up in a small village in Uttar Pradesh, where educational opportunities were nearly nonexistent. He walked miles barefoot to attend school and defied the odds to ensure his children had access to the opportunities he was denied. He often recounts how, in his community, the birth of a daughter was met with pity—a reflection of the deep-rooted gender biases that continue to persist. My mother, too, came from a traditional background where her decision to work full time faced resistance. Despite these challenges, my parents led by example, instilling in me a sense of resilience, perseverance and dedication towards public service. Throughout my career, I made decisions that were unfamiliar and, at times, difficult for my parents to understand. One such decision was my shift from science to law. This was a major transition, and at first, they were unsure about it. However, once they understood my motivations, they fully supported my choice. My parents then encouraged me to pursue the judiciary, seeing it as the perfect blend of public service and my desire to make a meaningful impact on the world.
Further, as a litigator and later a Law Clerk, I saw firsthand the judiciary’s vital role in society. For many, the courts represent the last hope when all other avenues have failed. Witnessing people place their trust in the system during moments of vulnerability left a profound impact on me. These experiences fueled my desire to contribute to a system that provides fairness and resolution to those in need. Joining the judiciary wasn’t just a career choice; it was an opportunity to serve, learn, and grow while making decisions that had tangible impacts on people’s lives.
Reflecting back, becoming the first judge from my father’s village remains a proud moment, not just for my family but for the community as well. It symbolized a shift, however small, in a deeply ingrained cultural narrative—the idea that daughters can rise to fulfill their potential and become agents of change. My father’s journey, from being pitied for having a daughter to celebrating her success, serves as a testament to what can happen when one refuses to be defined by societal limitations.
As far as the preparation of the judiciary goes: it taught me the importance of strategy and focus. Instead of overwhelming myself with an excess of resources, I prioritized the quality of information over quantity. Having clear and solid fundamentals was the key to my preparation. I relied on one or two trusted resources, studying them thoroughly rather than spreading myself thin across multiple materials. This approach not only deepened my understanding but also saved valuable time. When it came to writing the mains, I realized that efficiency mattered more than perfection. Focusing on presenting well-structured, concise answers was far more effective than chasing unattainable flawlessness.
As a Metropolitan Magistrate, you had a wide range of responsibilities. Could you describe some of your key duties in this role? Afterclose to three years in the judiciary, what factors led you to transition out of this career and move into your current position?
My journey in the Delhi judiciary began as a Metropolitan Magistrate in the Negotiable Instruments Court, where my primary responsibility was adjudicating cases under Section 138 of the NI Act. However, like most judicial roles, the work extended beyond just the allotted cases. As a duty magistrate, I handled interim orders, bails, and applications across various laws, including POCSO, IPC, and NDPS. The COVID-19 pandemic further shifted the landscape, introducing new responsibilities like regular prisonvisits to ensure the safety and health of inmates. Alongside this, the shift to digital hearings became a steep learning curve—not just for judges, but for all involved and it was fascinating to witness and be a part of that transformation. Throughout my tenure, I learned not just legal principles, but valuable life lessons. The responsibilities were not just about legal questions; they extended to understanding the deeper ethical and human aspects of justice. It reminded me of the words of the Alexandrian philosopher, Philo: “A judge must bear in mind that when he tries a case, he himself is on trial.”
After more than two and a half fulfilling years as a judge, I made the difficult decision to leave judiciary. It wasn’t an easy choice, but it was a necessary one for my personal growth stemming from a desire to expand my horizons and contribute on a larger scale. The experiences I had on the bench taught me that justice is not just about the law – it’s about transforming lives, and I wanted to create a broader, systemic change.
I recall a moment when I went back to my village after clearing the judiciary exam. I was greeted by a group of 30-40 men from my father’s and the surrounding villages – the first time they had ever seen a judge from their community. In a place where women traditionally cover their faces in the presence of men, this was an extraordinary scene. They had no questions for me, just a deep curiosity as to “what does a judge look like?” I found myself responding to them with a question of my own asking “If you had allowed girls to attend school, perhaps we would have had a judge from this village long ago.” There was a deep silence, and I could feel the weight of their realization. They had never considered the connection between education and opportunity.
It was a moment that profoundly impacted my perspective on the societal barriers we often overlook. It made me realize that systemic issues are deeply interconnected and cannot be solved in isolation. I saw firsthand how societal change requires addressing multiple levels—be it education, social equity, or gender norms. If I wanted to create lasting true societal and systematic change, it had to go beyond the courtroom. My parents’ own struggles to, against all odds, ensure my educationtaught me the power of challenging conventions and pushing boundaries. It became clear to me that the change I sought wasn’t just about interpreting laws; it was about creating environments where every person, regardless of their background, could thrive. This was not just about personal achievement—it was about changing the narrative for future generations.
How did your legal background and experience in the judiciary and litigation influence your shift into the field of corporate sustainability and social impact? What skills and insights from your previous roles have proven most valuable in your current position?
Ruth Bader Ginsburg famously said, “Fight for the things that you care about, but do it in a way that will lead others to join you.” For me, this wisdom became a guiding principle. During my second masters, I saw corporate sustainability as a way to channel my passion for justice into a broader, more integrated approach that not only held businesses accountable but also empowered them to make a positive impact. I knew that by shaping corporate practices to be more socially responsible, I could help create a future where both people and the planet were prioritized—not as an afterthought, but as a core part of business operations.
This transition wasn’t something I planned, but in many ways, it felt like a natural evolution. My time in the judiciary had always been about questioning the status quo—about examining how systems could be more just, inclusive, and equitable. The move into corporate sustainability felt like the next step in challenging conventional narratives. I wanted to challenge the notion that justice is confined to the courtroom, or that sustainability is just a buzzword used in boardrooms to appease shareholders. I believed it was time to reshape these narratives and make them more inclusive, impactful, and aligned with the needs of society and the planet. The skills I honed as both a judge and a lawyer have proven invaluable in my current position. As a judge, I learned how to critically analyze complex situations, weigh diverse perspectives, and make reasoned decisions with fairness and equity at the forefront. These skills are essential in navigating the complexities of corporate responsibility, where the stakes are high, and solutions require a delicate balance of stakeholder interests. As a lawyer, I gained a deep understanding of legal frameworks, negotiation tactics, and advocacy—tools that are indispensable when driving systemic change within corporate structures. My experience in the law and judiciary has shaped the way I think about systems and change. And now, through my present position at Beiersdorf, I believe I have the opportunity to drive that change in ways that are both impactful and lasting.
Looking back, I strongly believe that my journey from judiciary to corporate sustainability was rooted in my deep belief that meaningful change requires us to look beyond traditional roles and systems. More than the skills, it is my core values that have driven this transition. I’ve always believed in challenging conventional narratives, pushing boundaries, and seeking innovative, holistic solutions. In the end, this shift was about embracing a bigger vision of justice—one that extended beyond the courtroom and into the communities, and global marketplaces that shape our future.
During your time at the UNODC, you worked on the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. How did this experience shape your understanding of global governance, and how does it inform your current approach to driving social impact at Beiersdorf?
My experience with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), in the field of organized crime, significantly shaped my approach towards my future endeavors including the present one in corporate sustainability. At the UNODC, I gained insight into the complex, global nature of transnational crime and its profound social, economic, and environmental effects. I learned how systemic issues—such as poverty, corruption, and inequality—are interconnected, and addressing them requires coordinated, multi-dimensional solutions across borders, sectors, and institutions. I realized that social impact, whether through law enforcement or corporate responsibility, is not about solving isolated issues but addressing them holistically.
Furthermore, working at the UNODC taught me how to navigate complex international frameworks and collaborate with diverse stakeholders. This experience has been invaluable in my present position, where cross-sector collaboration is essential. Whether working with governments, NGOs, or businesses, I understand the power of collaboration in driving systemic change—just as international organizations do in addressing global challenges.
In summary, my time at the UNODC taught me the importance of a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder approach and a commitment to ethical practices. In my current role as Global Impact Strategy & Partnerships Manager at Beiersdorf, I draw heavily on these experiences. I leverage my understanding of interconnected challenges to design and implement strategies that integrate social impact into the corporate framework.The comprehensive perspective I gained at the UNODC ensures that the initiatives I work upon are rooted in a deep understanding of systemic challenges and guided by a commitment to ethical collaboration. By leveraging strategic partnerships, data-driven insights, and a focus on long-term change, I aim to contribute meaningfully to building a more just and inclusive society through corporate social impact.
Reflecting on your career so far, what has been the most rewarding project or initiative you’ve been a part of, and what made it particularly meaningful to you?
My career journey has been shaped by a range of diverse experiences that have both challenged and inspired me such as supporting landmark rulings during my time as a Law Clerk (Research Assistant) to then Chief Justice of India and supporting refugees, particularly women, with their integration process during my internship with the Afghanistan and Central Asian Association in London. These experiences, among others, have been both professionally rewarding and personally transformative for me.
However, when thinking about the most rewarding initiatives of my career, two specific projects stand out—both of which have impacted me and reaffirmed my passion for meaningful work.
The first initiative is a deeply personal experience I had while serving as a judge. I was tasked with adjudicating a more than six-years-old negotiable instrument (NI) case involving a senior citizen complainant, who was over 80 years old. This case had been delayed through the tenure of three judges, including myself, and was delayed further due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Throughout the trial, I witnessed the deep emotional toll that the long wait for justice had on the complainant. When the judgment was finally announced, it took him several moments to grasp that the case had come to a close in that court. He stared at me from a distance for several minutes; with tears and disbelief in his eyes. The case highlighted how complex legal processes, while necessary, can often obscure the truth, leaving the common person to struggle through a maze of procedural stages. For me, this case was a poignant reminder of the judiciary’s role in untangling these complexities and ensuring that true justice is served. The profound impact this experience had on me gave me a deeper understanding of the power the law holds in changing lives, particularly for those who need it most.
The second initiative that has had a deep and lasting impact on me is the Empowering Girls program I’ve worked on for the past two years at Beiersdorf. Focused on providing girls and young women in Africa, Asia, and Latin America with the resources and opportunities to unlock their potential, this initiative resonates deeply with me. Over the course of this initiative, I’ve seen firsthand how corporations can contribute to positive change by applying their resources, expertise, and networks in ways that support long-term development. Despite the challenges, the lessons my team and I have learned about the transformative power of this work have been invaluable. What makes this initiative so rewarding is not just the direct impact on our project participants, but the ripple effect it has had on their families and communities.
While these two projects may seem to come from different worlds—one from my role in the judiciary and the other from my work in the corporate sector—they both embody the same underlying principle: that meaningful impact doesn’t always follow a conventional path. Both experiences have reaffirmed my commitment to creating change and providing opportunities for others, no matter the sphere of influence. These initiatives have been incredibly rewarding, not only because they allowed me to make a difference but because they have been formative in shaping my understanding of how true impact is made: through persistence, compassion, and a commitment to justice.
With your unconventional career trajectory, what advice would you give to young professionals just starting out in their careers, particularly those interested in blending law, international relations, and corporate sustainability?
Like my career, my advice to young professionals—especially young lawyers—is a bit unconventional. Instead of focusing on exams or internships, I want to emphasize something more fundamental: your approach to your career as a whole.
Socrates once said, “The unexamined life is not worth living“. This idea has always resonated with me because I believe real growth happens when we question our paths, reflect on our choices, and dare to push beyond the limits that others set for us.
When I started my career, I faced a constant stream of advice telling me to take the “safe” and “secure” route—a government job, something stable and predictable. Coming from a middle-class family, the pressure to follow this path was immense. My family, like many others, also believed that a government job would guarantee security, respect, and a clear future. The idea of a secure, stable career was so ingrained in my surroundings that for the longest time I simply didn’t know there was any other way. But as I progressed in my career, I wanted to push the boundaries of what was possible. I wanted to step beyond the confines of what people around me thought I could achieve and challenge the very notion of what was “expected.” My ambition was to make an impact not just within a local or national framework, but on a global scale—something that would allow me to contribute to change at a broader, more meaningful level. I didn’t just want to follow the traditional path laid out for me—it was about following the one that aligned with my own passions and values.
This led to a significant turning point. I made the bold decision to leave my position as a judge, a role that many saw as secure and prestigious, and chose to pursue something far less conventional: corporate sustainability. This decision come with its challenges—leaving behind a stable, respected career to start anew in a foreign country was a huge leap. There were moments of doubt. I faced resistance from those who believed I was throwing away a secure future. But it has also been one of the most fulfilling decisions of my life. Every step of this journey has been an opportunity to learn, to grow, and to discover a deeper sense of purpose. It’s shown me that sometimes, the path less traveled holds the most rewarding experiences.
My advice to young professionals—especially young women—is simple, though it might not always be easy: trust your own journey. Growing up, there’s often pressure to follow the “safe” path—specific jobs, predictable roles, and stability. But the truth is, those paths don’t define your worth or your potential. I know many of us feel boxed in by societal expectations.
But here’s something I’ve learned from my journey: many of the limitation’s society places on us—especially on women—are simply the consequence of restrictive viewpoints. We are told which careers are “appropriate,” which dreams are “too big,” and which ambitions are “unrealistic”. But your potential is yours to define. The journey might not always be straightforward—there might be struggles, financial challenges, or familial expectations—but there’s immense value in questioning, reflecting, and finding your own way, no matter how unconventional it may seem. Yes, stability is important, but success isn’t just about job security. It’s about finding a path that aligns with your values, passions, and strengths. And if that path feels risky, even unreasonable, then so be it.
As George Bernard Shaw famously said, “The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.” I’ve always believed that the world needs the “unreasonable ones”—the ones who persist in trying to shape the world to their vision rather than simply conforming to what’s expected.
So, be unreasonable. Dream big, take risks, and stay true to what feels right for you. Your journey may not always follow a straight path, but that’s where the real growth happens. Embrace the unknown and let it shape you into the person you’re meant to become.
Coming from a science background, what experiences led you to pursue a career in law and ultimately gain admission to Symbiosis Law School, Pune?
In Tier II cities [like Bhopal], engineering and medical streams were the most sought after graduation qualifications. Going with the flow, I opted PCM as the stream in 11th & 12th standard and prepared extensively for competitive exams like IIT and AIEEE for two years. However, I realised that my core acumen is more suited for law where I can perform and achieve better as compared to hardcore technical streams like engineering. I found law to be attractive, expressive and more relatable. When I conveyed the same to my parents, they happily supported my decision and gave me free hand to do whatever I felt comfortable in life. My father, who himself was heading the Editorial department at a PSU and an avid reader, knew that the legal profession is a dignified and respectable profession, and motivated me to take the chance at law, though a less opted path at that time. On a lighter note, 3 Idiots was also released in 2009 and it gave a clear message that unless you are a Rancho, it is okay to go for course correction like Farhan or Rastogi, so I also had some kind of validation for taking a leap of faith. In 2010, I appeared for various Law Entrance Examinations and cleared Symbiosis Entrance Test [SET] with AIR 49. I happily joined Symbiosis Law School, Pune which was the best decision of my life.
How was your experience working at three tax law firms in New Delhi? What influenced your decision to specialize in Tax Law, and what early experiences helped deepen your understanding of the legal field?
As a law student, I didn’t have many things under control such as choice of internships and specific teams where I wanted to intern. The foundation of one’s inclination towards a specific field of law is built through the work done during law school such as moots, research papers etc.
My influence towards the tax laws began when I participated and won the Nani Palkhivala Research Paper Competition in 2013 [3rd year of Law School] on ‘Advance Pricing Agreements’ [International Taxation]. At the prize distribution event [in GLC Mumbai] I had the privilege to briefly interact with Retd. Justice Sanklecha [Heading the tax roster bench of Bombay High Court at that time] and Sr Adv. Soli Dastur [a doyen in Bombay High Court tax circle] who motivated me to explore tax practice in future. However, I never had any exposure to tax laws at that time. Out of my 11 internships during law school, I then interned for more than 4 months in PDS Legal Bombay to understand the aspects of ‘direct tax litigation’ under Mr Nishant Thakkar and Ms. Jasmin Amalsadvala. During internships, I regularly attended proceedings before the Bombay High Court and observed many prominent seniors arguing the cases before the High Court. It was the exposure to Courtrooms during my internships that inspired me to become an arguing counsel. Though I got placed from College at a Company in Mumbai, I chose to go for tax litigation at Delhi.
In 2015 when I joined my first Firm [Reina Legal], I started practicing indirect tax litigation, which had a much wider base than direct tax litigation as Indirect taxation at that time covered laws like VAT, Service Tax, Excise, Customs etc.. My mentor Mr. Gajendra Maheshwari trained me from scratch and gave me arguing opportunities in tax matters before the Tribunals and High Courts which is quite rare in the current era. It was a rocket start for a fresher who was dreaming to become a litigator one day. He taught me things like a younger brother and corrected my mistakes with compassion.
When I joined Advaita Legal [best friend firm of KPMG] in 2017, I had the privilege to work with stalwarts of indirect taxes such as Mr. Sujit Ghosh [Now Sr. Adv, SC], Mr. A R Madhav Rao and Mr. Sudipta Bhattacharjee [now at Khaitan & Co.]. I learnt many new concepts while working under my seniors as to how a problem is approached and how a strategy is devised which brings a relief to the client. They were live databases of the jurisprudence on indirect taxation and taught me the foundation and history of each dispute. Tax disputes are as old as the laws are being in existence, thus the evolution of jurisprudence bears huge history.
Thereafter, I joined DMD Advocates [formerly Dutt and Menon] in 2019 where I joined the team of Mr. Tushar Jarwal. It was like working with Special Forces. One aim, no error was the policy. I was expected to prepare the matters within a limited time frame without compromising on quality. Working under Mr. Jarwal was more of a training of mind that every case has to be won at any cost and we have to give 200% to the case. The preparations for the matters were so thorough that there was no room for error, whatever may be the query which may come from the Hon’ble Bench or the opposite counsel. War scale preparation would be an appropriate description for the same. In my understanding, knowledge is something which one continues to gather and accumulates but the way of execution and getting results is something which changes your perception towards the work. This policy was applicable irrespective of worth of matter, whether it was a 10,000 crore tax dispute or a pro bono matter for a poor retired employee, mindset has to be the same. Discipline and devotion to work is something which I cherished in the team.
In nutshell, the experiences in the three firms developed my overall mindset and personality, be it knowledge or quick execution. It led to the creation of an independent human being and a lawyer who was ready to face the challenges in the coming future.
How briefing of Sr Counsels takes place in high stake tax matters? Having had the privilege to work with prominent senior counsels like Harish Salve, Arvind Datar, S Ganesh, N Venkatraman how did these experiences shape your approach to law? What valuable lessons have you learned from them that you apply in your own legal practice?
The fate of any case being weak or strong is based on its drafting and presentation of correct facts and law. But the magic comes when it is being argued by arguing counsels using their experience, court craft and convincing skills. At the High Court and Supreme Court, the stakes are usually high, and the drafting counsels usually try to incorporate all the legal arguments for their cases. On the other hand, Senior Advocates know that which precise legal point will turn the tides in Clients favour. This is a skill acquired by years of practice and there is no shortcut to it. The entire art before the Court is to present the most complex situation in simple words so that each and every person in the courtroom can understand and relate to it. It is the crystal clear presentation, in the shortest possible time, by Senior Advocates that makes them so special..
During briefing, the briefing counsels are expected to explain the entire case to the Seniors crisply so that they understand the issue and initiate their thought process. This involves preparation of comprehensive briefing notes and compilations for the Senior Advocates so that they can scan the relevant details and accurately present the case before the Court.
While working with some of the leading Senior Advocates I learnt that thinking out of the box is very relevant as the case may not be covered by any existing precedent and the Hon’ble Court is required to be persuaded in a manner which yields a positive outcome. The situation is more difficult when there are existing precedents but against us. In such situations, the burden is on us to distinguish and make out a case for the client. Further, I clearly learnt that every matter is build block by block and there is no jumping to the conclusion howsoever easy the issue may appear. The facts are analysed in detail and documented, the applicable laws are checked with amendments along with their legislative intent. Post this grounds and prayers are structured. If this foundation is strong then it becomes much easier to persuade the Hon’ble Court and results are better.
After gaining significant experience at various law firms, you chose to start your own practice. What prompted this decision, and as a first-generation lawyer, what challenges did you face in the early stages and how did you overcome them?
Independent practice arms a lawyer to drive a matter according to his own acumen, understanding and experience. Unlike a Firm structure where every step is scrutinised at multiple levels, such is not the case in independent practice. The entire responsibility is on your shoulder to take the case to its logical end. I chose independent practice as it gave me the stage to argue before the courts on an independent basis. The sooner you start the easier it is. I am not over quoting by making a reference to a movie named “The Judge” wherein Robert Downy Junior [& other lawyers] used to feel nauseous before each court hearing due to the extreme pressure of courtroom. Such situations are real because the Hon’ble Judges may ask questions from anywhere in the brief and it is on the arguing counsel’s shoulder to satisfy the queries of the judge. The stage fear is real till you get used to it. It is a dive which every aspiring litigation lawyer is required to take and believe me there is never a perfect time for the same.
Having worked with different distinguished lawyers in the industry, I was able to understand the pattern and art of executing a case from drafting to final arguments. In my previous firms I had handled complex tax litigations which prepared me to face any challenge which may come in future.
In initial years of independent practice you are one man army who will have to handle the drafting, filing, arguing, client handling etc. on your own. This is time consuming but necessary also. Another hurdle is the infrastructure which is required to operate a full time litigation chamber. But this is the time when your good deeds pay back. Your previous interns, colleagues, relatives refer you cases. Independent practice is one man show but built on many peoples support and trust based on you by well-wishers.
For freshers and aspiring independent litigators, the most important aspect in litigation is to not get demotivated and keep struggling. There will be days with no work but that time can be utilised in going to courts and networking. The Internet is free, one can write articles and keep his/her presence alive. The entire game of litigation is to never leave the game. There will be financial hit initially but if that period is crossed then you will realise that it is the best decision of life.
You successfully cleared the AOR exam in December 2022 on your first attempt, after studying a broad range of laws beyond tax. How does being an AOR impact your legal practice, and can you share some tips or tricks that you employed for clearing the exam for our readers?
Before preparing for the AOR examination, taxation law was my lifeline and core expertise. There was never any need to understand any other procedural laws like CPC or CRPC as Tax Adjudication system have their own hierarchy and own dispute resolution system. For example, adjudication starts with Commissioner, against which appeal goes to Commissioner (Appeals), followed by appeal in Tax tribunals and then to High Court and Supreme Court. The tax laws are code in itself and there is hardly any requirement to make reference outside such statutes.
On the other hand, the AOR examination is all about knowing the powers and limits of the Supreme Court. Such knowledge or procedure is an outcome of the Constitution, Supreme Court Rules, 2013 and the judicial precedents. The judicial precedents can be from any stream of law, for example a famous matrimonial disputes case laid down the jurisprudence on Review and Curative jurisdiction of Supreme Court [Rupa Ashok Hurra v Ashok Hurra]. A case of sexual offence on social worker, led to the laying down of guidelines for sexual harassment by Supreme Court expanding the scope of judicial activism [Vishakha v State of Rajasthan]. A case on Taxation on denatured alcohol led to the expansion of doctrine of prospective overruling [Synthetics and Chemicals v State of UP].
It is immaterial as to which area of law one had specialised before appearing for the AOR exam. One needs to know everything from the perspective of working for the Supreme Court. Bare minimum knowledge of each subject is necessary if one is aiming to appear for the AOR exam.
There are two cheat codes which I followed during my examination preparation as I only had three weeks to prepare due to my hectic schedule at the office. First, pattern of last five year question papers. And Second, lectures conducted by SC Registry and SCAORA. If one blindly follows these two methods then it is easy to decipher as to what are the expectations of the examination body. Since I had considerable experience in drafting SLPs, Writs before the Supreme Court during my tenure at previous firms, the drafting examination paper was not a big challenge.
After becoming an AOR, having read/acquainted with the major/relevant laws, I got the confidence to take up any matter and execute the same as the AOR examination preparation clears up your core concepts and builds your ability to think on first principles. Though, legal field is an ocean in itself, clearing the AOR exam gives a sense of confidence and completion.
Can you share one of the most fascinating cases you’ve worked on so far? How did you prepare for such a complex and intriguing case?
I have majorly represented companies before the High Courts and Supreme Court in tax matters. In such cases, human emotions are not involved and ultimately the companies are benefitted or take a hit as a ‘corporate entity’. However, when you deal with cases involving life and liberty of an individual, then the real heat is involved. A win or a loss strikes you personally as you tend to feel elated when the outcome is positive or you tend to feel guilty/sad when the outcome is negative. These emotions are very personal and impacts the mindset of a lawyer.
I recently did a pro bono case, wherein my house maid informed that her neighbour’s new born daughter is missing after being forcibly taken from her parent’s custody. The parents were labourers and uneducated and had been trapped in a child trafficking racket/syndicate. Neither the police nor any NGO was ready to provide any assistance to the poor parents. Everyone had a perception that parents are part of the racket and are equally guilty. Until I met the parents, I was also reluctant to take this case as my conscience was not allowing me to defend someone who is remotely involved in any form of child trafficking. However, when I met the parents, my views changed and I deciphered that it was a case not only involving a child trafficking racket but also a case of police brutality/custodial torture on parents who were victims in true sense. We immediately moved a habeas corpus petition before the Hon’ble High Court and got the matter listed on the same day. Subsequently, the 14 day old baby was traced and handed over to the parents. Parents were also given protection from police subject to their participation in the investigation. I learnt my lesson that as a lawyer having a pre conceived notion is not appropriate and one must perform his/her duty to defend its client. For me it was an emotional moment when I saw the baby girl being rescued who could not have survived without her mother. Sometimes the profession gives you the chance to become Sunny Deol [of Damini Movie] and you should never think twice to accept such a role. To rise and fight for the weak is what about legal profession is for.
With continuous reforms in Indian Taxation laws, how do you see the landscape evolving? How do you stay informed about the latest trends, particularly in taxation, and can you recommend any resources for our readers?
The concept of tax is simple. The government needs money to run the country. Tax statutes keep on evolving to tax such transactions which involve some sense of commerce or business. On the other hand, the assessee or the tax payer will always try to claim a benefit or rebate or deduction on such taxes. This fight is never ending. For example when crypto currencies or online gaming were introduced in the country the tax departments were quick enough to issue notices to levy GST on such transactions. It is at this point when the lawyers come into picture and question the procedures or the levy itself in light of the constitution and the applicable statute. Writs are filed under Article 226 of the Constitution to contest such demands and this cycle goes on. A tax lawyer is hired for the fact that the client may be saved from paying taxes but in accordance of the law and within legal mandates.
There are dedicated portals like taxsutra, taxmann, taxmanagementindia etc. which keep on sending the updates on a daily basis. When you are in practice, one can easily relate as to which update is relevant with respect to his/her brief. Also, these portals publish articles by industry professionals which keeps you updated about recent disputes and litigation.
Tax Law is a specialized field. What advice would you give to young, aspiring lawyers who wish to pursue a career in taxation?
Tax laws, though complex, ultimately test your reading and interpretational skills. Generally speaking, if a lawyer learns tax law in earlier stage of their career then he/she can read and interpret any other laws with less effort. For example when you have already completed a marathon then you will never find a 5K or 10K run a challenge. When you have already tackled the most complex statute you will find some ease in interpreting the other laws.
Some of the legendary lawyers in the history of Indian Legal System were/are primarily from tax background, such as Nani Palhivala, Harish Salve, Arvind Datar.
Balancing a demanding legal career with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage to maintain a healthy work-life balance while meeting the demands of your profession?
In the beginning of career, I used to work like a frontline soldier. I hardly cared about my health and routine and gave preference to myself only on Saturday and Sundays which were off days in Court. Those days also went in partying or meeting friends. However, after 6-7 years, this disbalance showed impact on health with weight gain and also high levels of stress and cholesterol. This reduced overall efficiency and had a deep impact on mind. The main issue with beginning any exercise is that if your mind is cluttered or stressed you will find exercising as a burden. Therefore, the first step I took was to reorganise my thought process and then started mild exercises at home. COVID 19 was an eye opener and made me think that if I am not exercising still, being at home then it is entirely my lack of motivation as I was anyway saving 2-3 hours of travelling in lockdown. Therefore, I gradually started challenging myself and started doing pushups. Began with 2-3 in a day to 100 pushups in a day. I started to monitor my heart using a smartwatch and started full-fledged gym. Now this has become a routine. Half of the day is already won when you achieve that adrenaline rush at Gym in the morning. I also play badminton on weekends which is an amazing way to hangout with friends and release stress.
However, sometimes when there are back to back hearings in Court across the week, this routine has to be moulded and I try to compensate by lifting some extra kilos on the weekends. On a lighter note, there are many seniors in the Supreme Court who run from court to court faster than the much younger generation. If you cannot keep up your pace with them at a younger age then it is high time to introspect your health.
As a highly experienced legal professional with over 12 years in the field, what initially inspired you to pursue law, and how did your early years shape this decision? Kindly reflect on your time at law school.
My decision to pursue law was driven by a strong sense of justice and a desire to help people understand their legal rights in a system that can often feel overwhelming. Growing up in a family where my grandfather was a police officer and my father an advocate, I witnessed situations where legal awareness and timely assistance could have made a difference. This understanding inspired me to become an advocate. My early years were marked by an interest in understanding human conflicts and resolving disputes fairly.
However, my experience at the law school was transformative. My professors played an important role in cultivating my curiosity for constitutional and dispute resolution matters, which remain central to my practice today. Looking back, I can say the early learnings and guidance shaped my analytical abilities, sharpened my understanding of the legal system, and introduced me to the practical side of the law. Indeed, the experience served as a foundation that gave me the knowledge and the confidence to enter this profession.
How did working with Senior Advocate Mr. Sunil Sethi impact your early career, and what key lessons did you learn?
Working with Senior Advocate Mr. Sunil Sethi was a defining period in my career. He taught me how to develop a meticulous eye for detail and the importance of presenting a case with clarity and conviction. He has a very calm personality, which has influenced my attitude towards life and my profession significantly. Under his guidance, I learned to build strong legal arguments rooted in logic and evidence, which proved invaluable in courtrooms.
Mr. Sethi’s dedication to his clients and ethical practice further taught me the significance of trust and professionalism in the legal field. Additionally, watching him handle complex cases with precision inspired me to adopt a similar approach in my independent practice.
What inspired you to establish Meridian Law Chambers in 2022, and what were your main goals for founding the firm?
After years of experience in independent practice and working with senior legal stalwarts, I founded Meridian Law Chambers in 2022. I started the venture with a vision of creating a law firm that offers effective legal solutions while maintaining personalised client attention. When I began, I wanted to build a team capable of addressing modern legal challenges across sectors like infrastructure, banking, real estate, and defence. However, my primary goal was to address the gap between specialised legal services and a client-centric approach. Today, I am proud to bring the vision to reality. The team has been adept at leveraging expertise across litigation, arbitration, and advisory to deliver tailored solutions to all our clients.
How do you balance leadership responsibilities with your advisory and consultancy roles as Head of Meridian Law Chambers?
During my journey, I have learned that balancing leadership and legal roles requires an effective time management strategy and a collaborative team structure. This insight encouraged me to ensure that responsibilities are well-delegated within the firm so that every case and client receives undivided attention. I oversee major cases personally while empowering my associates to handle specific aspects of litigation, advisory, and due diligence.
Over the years, by maintaining open communication, mentoring my team, and prioritising strategic matters, I have tried to balance my leadership responsibilities alongside my advisory roles. Hence, you can say that the journey so far has been about trusting the team while staying deeply engaged with the firm’s overall direction.
Can you describe your role as Standing Counsel for the Reserve Bank of India in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh and the challenges you face?
As Standing Counsel for the Reserve Bank of India, my role involves representing the RBI in key litigation matters, protecting its interests, and ensuring compliance with changing financial and regulatory frameworks. The primary challenge I often face pertains to addressing complex financial disputes and the need to stay ahead of changing legal and economic landscapes.
Throughout my career, my go-to approach to face these challenges has been through proper research and clear advocacy. I have always believed that it is vital to understand the nuances of financial regulations and their interplay with the judicial process to defend a client’s interest. The approach continues to help me uphold the institution’s interests and its beliefs successfully.
What are the significant legal challenges faced by hydropower and infrastructure projects in India, and how do you ensure compliance as a consultant?
Historically, hydropower and infrastructure projects in our country face several challenges, particularly those related to regulatory clearances, land acquisition disputes, environmental concerns, and contract enforcement issues.
Additionally, delays in obtaining permits and disputes over compensation often create hurdles for such projects. As a legal consultant, it is my duty to ensure compliance by conducting comprehensive due diligence, analysing risks, factoring in evolving environmental laws, and advising clients on regulatory frameworks. This approach has helped me draft contracts that account for contingencies to mitigate risks while maintaining compliance with legal and environmental mandates.
Could you share your approach and strategies in the case pertaining to the termination of the Chairman of Jammu and Kashmir Bank?
In this particular case, I had the opportunity to represent the Reserve Bank of India, which is a proud and significant assignment. Since the matter pertained to the termination of the chairman of a reputed bank, it was a high-stakes case for me with wide-reaching implications. Typically, in high-stakes litigation, there is little to no room for errors. So, I had to be extra cautious with my approach.
I focused my strategy on the legal and regulatory framework governing the case and combined the findings with detailed research. However, I made sure my strategy inclined more towards presenting a clear and factual argument for this sensitive case without jeopardising procedural and substantive legal principles.
What advice would you give aspiring lawyers to succeed in today’s competitive legal environment?
My advice for aspiring lawyers is to be confident about your abilities and focus on three core principles: first, master the basics like how to start legal research, draft documents, and conduct court procedures. Next, you must stay informed about the legislative changes and legal trends. Lastly, remember that work ethics, integrity, and perseverance are non-negotiable and key to building trust with clients. Above all, I advise them to be open to challenges and learn from both success and failure to ensure a successful career in the legal profession.
How do you maintain a healthy work-life balance, and what motivates you to write alongside your busy practice?
To be honest, it is quite challenging to balance work and personal life in this profession. However, I try to prioritise spending quality time with my family and indulge in activities that help me rewind and recharge. Over time, maintaining clear boundaries, delegating tasks, and managing time efficiently have helped me strike a much-needed balance in my life.
Writing and researching contract law, consumer law, and cyber law is my passion, which I take seriously. However, what excites me the most is that my insights and contributions to legal discourse could help others understand their legal struggles better.
You are an accomplished lawyer and you are practicing in both of the countries. How did you build this particular process for yourself, that you studied in India and then moved to Ontario, Canada and built a law practice over there?
I studied law from Panjab University, the five-year law department UILS, and once I finished, I moved to Delhi to study for competitive exams for some time. I stayed there in Delhi then after that I started practicing in Patiala district court in Punjab. I practiced there for more than a year and my parents live in Chandigarh. I am from Chandigarh, but I used to work in Patiala because I got an opportunity to work under a very good, very senior lawyer there. And I used to do civil litigation there in Patiala because my inclination was towards civil litigation.
Then one of my friends told me that there’s this program, you can go to Canada, you can become a permanent resident directly based on points, so I calculated my points. I was eligible and I applied for the permanent residency and I became a PR. I moved to Canada in 2019. And, after a few months, I was lucky enough to get a job in a criminal law firm in Canada. I started working there as a legal assistant and then slowly and steadily I cleared my NCA exam. For any person who wants to become a lawyer in Canada and who has not done law from Canada, the first step is to do the NCA exams. There are five, six exams. Basically, those are equivalency exams. Once you clear them and then you enroll yourself in the lawyer licensing process.
In the lawyer licensing process, you have to do three things. You have to clear the barrister exam, the solicitor exam, because in Canada, lawyers are called barristers and solicitors. We can practice as both barristers and solicitors the way we like and also complete a 10-month internship period with a lawyer, which is called an articling. So, I did all of that. Once I cleared my bar exams, I started working in the same firm as an articling student. And once I completed my articling, I was called to the bar in Ontario in February, 2022. the day I got called to the bar, the next day I opened my own practice, I started practicing on my own.
And I think I got called to the bar on February 26th, and I registered my firm on February 27th. And I used to do immigration law and criminal defense law in the beginning. I did immigration for a couple of months, but my focus, my interest, my inclination was towards criminal defense law, because I was lucky enough to get a mentor here in Canada as well. He’s a very senior criminal lawyer practicing for more than 40 years in Canada, only criminal law, and I got to learn the ropes of criminal law from him. My inclination was to practice criminal law in Canada. I stopped taking immigration files after a couple of months. After that, I’ve solely focused my practice on criminal defense law. And primarily I’m based in the GTA, which is the greater Toronto area, but I practice all over Ontario. I appear in all courts in Ontario and I deal with every kind of criminal case that exists in Canada.
How has your career in law or rather your decision to do law been instrumental in giving you this much confidence? You of course do a law degree to practice, but still confidence comes from many other sources as well. How have you done that for yourself?
I think mainly, especially in the legal field, your first mentor matters a lot. If you get a good mentor in the beginning, because invariably you become like them. When you start practicing, you pick up the traits of your first mentor you have. Your temperament becomes like them, you, your ethics, everything you copy from them, basically.
Because that’s your starting point. Unless your father is a lawyer, you have a family of lawyers, then that’s different. But if you’re a first-generation lawyer, your mentor is everything for you, in the beginning. I was lucky enough to get a very good mentor in India as well, in Patiala. And then I was very lucky to have a mentor here in Canada.
Who treated me like his son. He was the managing partner of the firm. They have 12 offices in Ontario. It’s a very big criminal law firm. I used to be with him all the time. Before COVID, we used to go to all courts in Ontario in person, every day. We used to devise a route in such a way, if I give you an example, an Indian example, you’re practicing in Patiala and you have a few court appearances on Monday, then we will devise a route in such a way that we will do Patiala, we will do Ropar, we will do Ludhiana and we can go to Hisharpur next. So, in that way. One day we are going in the other direction towards Delhi, one day we are going in the other direction. So, we used to cover all of Ontario in one week before COVID. But after COVID, everything started happening virtually. Now we do court appearances virtually. We’re doing this interview virtually.
Everything is virtual now and which is convenient for us as well because today also, I have a court date in Brampton, and I have a court date in a city which is 100 kilometers away, I have a court date in a city which is 200 kilometers away in the other direction. So, just because of these virtual appearances and zoom and everything, I would say it’s better for the justice system because we’re able to defend clients, access to justice is readily available now. And it is less expensive for clients as well because traveling costs and everything used to add up. So, I would say, getting a good mentor is crucial. I think he trained me in a way that after about two years of working with him, I was confident enough that I can start my own practice and I can do criminal law.
As you were discussing how you transitioned from India to Canada, is there any checklist that you could share with us and our learners? How did you do it in a stepwise manner? If that’s possible.
I would say there is only one way and it is not easy. I mean, the legal field is already competitive. Whether it’s India, Canada, US or England, wherever, the legal field is a competitive field. And if you’re changing countries, you’ve done law from another country, and you’re going to practice in another country, you have to learn their system, learn law, learn the procedure, learn everything that is there to learn.
And people are new, they won’t give you a chance very easily because you’re not a lawyer who’s done law from their country, you’re a foreign trained lawyer. Initially it is not easy. You have to be mentally tough; I would say it was easier because of the support of my parents. I moved to Canada.
I’m the only son and they were very supportive of my move to Canada. And initially, I would just say, anybody who comes to Canada. I would like to talk about Canada because I’m here. I can’t say about other countries. Don’t go astray. Don’t go into other areas. Stick to the legal field. People start driving, for example, trucks, taxis, and work in restaurants. Anybody who is not able to make ends meet, that’s a different scenario for them. But if you can afford, stick to the legal field, clear your exams as soon as possible, and then try to find a good mentor and find a good job. Getting the first job in the legal area, in the legal field is, I would say, one of the toughest things.
Once you get your first job in Canada, then you start building experience, you start learning things, you get the required skills that you need for your second job or to further your career in law. I would say getting the first job is crucial, and getting it as soon as possible is even more crucial because if you don’t get the first job in time, a few months pass. It is very difficult to survive in Canada without a job or without a proper job. That is why people tend to go to other areas to just survive which is okay given everybody’s circumstances, but if you can stick to the legal field, clear your exams, get your first job and it is also important to get a job where the mentor is good. Because the first job is not about money, it is all about learning. So, if you can get a job, get in that door, work for six months, learn something out of it, then getting a second job would be very easy for you. People start expecting money in the beginning. If the minimum wage is this, I should be getting this but that’s, I would say, especially in the legal field That’s not how it works.
Not everybody wants to pay. Not everybody wants to pay you well. So, if you are very lucky if you find an employer who’s paying you well or who’s treating you well, to get a first job, doing volunteer work is the best way and quickest way to get your job. Don’t worry about money if you work for them for one or two months. They like you; they like your skills, they like the hard work you put in and your mentor is good. They will definitely start paying you. Nobody wants to have a person who’s a hard-working person and nobody wants to have them work for free. Once you show them that you were really worth something, money will follow.
As a criminal defense lawyer, what has been one of the most or some of the most challenging cases that you may have handled, if it is possible for you to share any particular case or the outcome of that particular case, which has actually significantly influenced your approach towards criminal law?
I have handled a variety of cases, but the difficulty I think is in the client. Law is the same. If there is a case which pertains to an area of criminal law, which I’m not very familiar with. I can read up, I have books, there are so many resources, judgments, everything.
You can learn those things. I think it depends on the client. Sometimes clients are difficult. For example, now primarily, most of my clients are immigrants. They come from South Asian backgrounds, Indians, Pakistanis, Afghanis, Iranian, Middle Eastern people, Southwest Asian people, Southeast Asian people, Filipinos, all of those. So mostly immigrants, plus local people. The majority of my practice consists of immigrants. Immigrants come from countries where there is corruption, where you know you can manage things in your own way. They come with this expectation to Canada that if they get charged with a criminal offense. They will hire a lawyer and the lawyer will do some magic and the lawyer can get them out of it. In some cases, it’s possible.
It’s not possible and the main difference between Indian and Canadian legal systems, especially in criminal law is we do plea bargaining a lot. In India there is provision in the CRPC for plea bargaining, but it’s not done very often In Canada, most cases resolve by getting a plea bargain. I would say 20, 25 percent cases go to trial. In Canada, if the evidence is against you, the crown, we call prosecutors crown attorneys here because Canada is a constitutional democracy. So the crown attorneys have enough evidence against you, they think they will be able to prove the case against you, then there is no other way out. You cannot bribe the crown attorney.
You cannot bribe the judge and neither the police. But I think people come with an expectation that our lawyer will manage everything. They will just get us out of everything. Unscratched. So, I think managing people’s expectations is most difficult. Because if you tell your client in the beginning just to get retained that, okay, your case is very easy.
I will do this and this, I will do wonders in your case. Then you’ve created such expectations that once you also know that those are not true because when the case ends, your client is bound to be dissatisfied with you. They are bound to be unhappy with you because you gave them expectations which are not real. So, managing the client’s expectations. It’s not true for immigrants only. It’s true for everyone, but I’ve seen a tendency of immigrants who think like this. They’re more in number. I would say that is the most difficult task. If you manage your client’s expectations appropriately, I think there’s nothing to worry about.
And now there comes this issue of credibility as well. As a new lawyer. If I start telling my clients, okay, these are the pros, these are the cons. This can be done. This cannot be done. They will most probably go to another lawyer who gives them better expectations or who promises better things.
In the beginning, it is very difficult to manage expectations and on the same hand get yourself retained. But as you, your practice grows older you get credibility. People start trusting you, they believe what you say and they trust you. Now it is easier for me at this stage. Whatever I tell my clients they trust me, they believe me. But in the beginning, it was very difficult. When you tell clients that this cannot be done, they will go to another person who promises better things. Now you have to promise also and you have to execute your plan and get what you promised.
As you were mentioning during your answer about the difference between the way we practice law in India and the way you practice law in Canada, you are a dual license lawyer, with your experiences in both of the countries. How have you seen the difference between the legal system and the kind of function it has in each country? Is there any particular reason for you to choose especially criminal law practice? And also, what are the particular differences between these two jurisdictions? As you mentioned, Canada is a constitutional law country.
I think I chose criminal law by chance, because in India I was practicing civil litigation. When I came to Canada, I got my first job in a criminal law firm. I learned criminal law. I got experience. I developed the skillset for a criminal defense lawyer. That is why I got into criminal law. I wouldn’t say it was planned. It was just by chance. But there are differences also in Indian and Canadian legal systems.
There are similarities as well. I would say, in India, we have a very good legal system as in Canada, but I think the difference is in the implementation. Police have all the powers, but police cannot implement their powers, execute their powers. due to various reasons. Similarly, when the case goes to the court, the prosecutors, judges have lots of powers, but the implementation, especially the delay. Justice delayed is always justice denied.
I would say the main problem in Indian courts is the delay. In Canada, there’s a Supreme Court judgment that you have to finish a criminal case in 18 months. If it’s not finished in 18 months and the delay is unreasonable, the court will withdraw your charges. They will throw the case out of the court and your charges will be stayed or withdrawn. So, this is how serious they are with regards to timelines. A criminal case gets finished in one and a half years to two years. That’s the maximum. On an average, a criminal case gets finished, I would say six, seven months, eight months. When you get justice in time, justice seems to have been done.
But when you don’t get justice for years, even if justice gets done in the end, I don’t think it’s of any use to the person who’s been fighting for justice for so many years. Second thing is I found a lot of difference in sentencing and how people are sentenced. For example, you are found guilty of any offense or you plead guilty to something and then a sentencing hearing is scheduled.
Before the sentencing hearing, we provide all the information about our client’s background to the judge, including any counseling that they’ve done, any background reference letters, any immigration consequences they may have, a lot of different things depending on the charges and the situation. And when the sentence hearing takes place, the prosecutor, the crown attorney, they tell the judge what sentence they are asking for and the reasons for the sentence. Then it’s our turn, we make our submissions, and when the judge sentences the person, they talk to the person, they tell them that we are imposing this sentence on you.
These were the aggravating factors that I considered. These were the mitigating factors that I considered. And this is the reason that I’m imposing this sentence on you, and this is what you have to do. They take their time, they take half an hour, one hour, two hours, to explain everything to the person so that that person knows why this sentence was imposed on me, what were the things that were against me, what were the things that were in my support. And the result is that the person is usually satisfied with the result, with the sentence and they have faith in the criminal justice system. They don’t think that the sentence is arbitrary or they don’t think that the judge was biased or they just imposed a sentence which was not appropriate in the circumstances. So this process taking time to explain things to the person I think has a great impact on that person and that person usually doesn’t come before the court again. They’re usually done because the main sentencing principle in Canada usually is rehabilitation.
You have to give a sentence in a way so that the sentence should not be too harsh, that the person goes to jail and becomes a criminal in jail. Otherwise, he’s not a criminal. And the sentence should not be too lenient so that the person thinks, okay, I can get away with everything. The sentence should be balanced enough to take care of all the sentencing principles. I would say sentencing in Canada is very thorough and is very important and everybody gives it importance.
You have also mentioned about your passion of spreading awareness related to law, especially not only criminal law, but obviously about these kinds of differences as well. What kind of advice would you like to give to the young and aspiring lawyers who are actually dreaming to become international practitioners like you?
I think the way to success in the legal profession is the same in every country. It doesn’t matter if you’re in Canada, India, US, wherever. Initially, you have to focus on learning. Don’t focus on money. Focus on developing your skill set for the initial four or five years or less or more depending on your circumstances.
Money will follow after that. If you start focusing on money, focusing on glamour, focusing on other things in the beginning, your practice may not go in the direction that you want it to go to. But if you focus on learning, getting a good mentor, I think nothing beats it. Nothing beats hard work. There is no shortcut to anything.
You have to be uncomfortable; you have to go out of your comfort zone. If you don’t become uncomfortable, if you don’t take risks, smaller risk or big, you don’t have to take a very big risk initially, it’s all about smaller risks that you take on a daily basis. Taking up a case, which you don’t know much about, then researching and finding out everything about it and going to court, speaking in a court which is packed with lawyers, people on Zoom, judges listening to you, your client is listening to you. The other party is listening to you. Sometimes you become weak in your legs, sometimes you start shaking, you are very nervous, but you cannot show that to the judge. You cannot show that to the crown.
You cannot show that to other lawyers, your client, anybody else. I think hard work, research, and preparation is the only, only, and only way to get success in the legal profession. Without preparation or hard work, if you don’t know your file, you’ll make a laughing stock of yourself in court. I would just say that.
When you started Jaslegals, which now operates across five office locations in the Greater Toronto area itself, can you tell us more about your vision for the firm and how you effectively manage the operations and maintain a consistent workflow across these multiple locations?
First of all, most things happen virtually. That helps. Because we’re able to do everything virtually sitting in one place because Ontario, I think it’s larger than Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan combined or even larger. It is impossible to go everywhere physically.
I have five different offices in different locations in the greater Toronto area. My main office is in Mississauga. I am based in Mississauga, but I go to my other offices by appointment. If somebody wants to meet me in Waterloo, Toronto, Scarborough, Hamilton, I go there by appointment. Now, I have a team working for me.
I have my office managers, legal assistants working for me. My wife is a big support. She’s been working with me since day one. She handles the firm’s marketing and social media aspect of the firm and every kind of marketing. She does everything. She’s made the logo. She’s made the website She’s made our flyers everything that she does.
I don’t know anything about those things so without her that site wouldn’t have been possible and yes, we have five locations and usually we do things virtually, but if somebody, if the client insists that I meet them in person in a different city, then I go wherever they need me to come.
But yes, we have a system. We have employees working for us. We have streamlined everything. And recently, I posted an ad for a lawyer. I wanted to hire a lawyer. I finalized somebody, our team is growing. And my vision is for the firm to practice criminal law across Canada, to open up offices in different provinces of Canada and just focus on criminal law and just focus on imparting knowledge about criminal law because like I told you mostly my clients are immigrants and immigrants do not know about criminal law. Everybody in Canada knows about real estate law or immigration law because they’ve been through that process. But criminal law impacts them on a daily basis and the consequences of getting into trouble with criminal law are deputation, jail term, getting a criminal record, which are very serious.
You lose your job, lose your family, lose the country. I thought when I started that it’s very important for people to know about criminal law so that they don’t get into trouble with criminal law unintentionally. So that is my goal and I’m very active on social media. I make videos in English and Punjabi, which is my mother tongue, so that people understand what criminal law is and how to stay out of trouble with criminal law.
We would love to understand how you balance between your personal and professional commitments as both of you are working professionals and also the kind of professional demands that you have because of the five locations. How soon do you see yourself being spread all over Canada?
I would say, first of all, I try to balance my personal and professional life. Spending time with my family is very important to me. We have a dog as well. We don’t have a child, but we have a dog which is like our child.
I make sure that I’m home from the office about four o’clock, which is my dog’s dog park time. He’s waiting for me to take him. Then we spend about two hours together, my wife and our dog, we go on hikes, we go to the dog park. I’m usually not available between four to six. So, my assistants or my associates, they answer my phone calls and everything. Then I resume work. Because I get phone calls a lot. I get phone calls 24×7. People get stuck. People keep getting arrested. People have troubles late at night. I’m always on the phone. I resume my work after that, but I make it a point to come home in time so that we’re able to spend our evenings together.
And my wife and I have no issues spending time together because we are always together. We go to the office together. We are at home together in the evening also. We try to cook and stay together. We like staying in. We don’t like going out that much because of your dog also. And because it’s just what we prefer. I think balancing is no problem. And I stress on it a lot because my parents, my mother especially used to emphasize the importance of balancing different things in life. She used to say, don’t do anything extreme, balance everything. If you balance everything, that’s better in the long run.
I would like to ask you about the kind of issues that are coming up with not only lawyers, but other professions also related to mental health. What are your views about that as you are so keen on spreading awareness about criminal law in immigrants. So how do you see that one can actually go ahead and try and help these kinds of issues or address these issues at least because these have become very evident right after COVID as well?
Absolutely, I would say the legal profession is a tough profession and especially criminal law because when a person gets charged with a criminal offense, they come to you with their problem. They are in trouble. They are panicking. If you are dedicated to your practice. Over time, you start thinking that your client’s problems are your problems.
You treat their problems as your own because they tell you, their problems. They tell you everything about their life. You know, everything about their life, their challenges, if they have any money problems, if they have any family problems, partner problems, anything else. So eventually when people are telling you their problems, 24/7, you start thinking that their problems are your problems and you start taking the stress of their problems. It happened to me as well. I used to get stressed a lot. I used to get anxious sometimes in the mornings when I wake up.
But I identified this and I told myself that I will not let troubles of my clients take the better of me. It is okay till a point to understand their problems, but to take on their problems as your own is, I would say a negative thing, which I’ve learned very recently. I would say at the end. You’re just doing your job. You’re a professional. You’re being paid to do your job, do your job properly. If you’re not doing your job properly, sometimes then you get stressed because you’re not putting in the work in the file that the file demands. Sometimes you are not looking after your clients’ demands, but if you are doing your job properly, I think you should not be stressed about the outcome because you are not the judge, you are not God, you are not anybody else. You are just an advocate for your client. If you advocate for your client to the best of your ability, I think there’s nothing to worry about. Result doesn’t matter. Even if the result is not what you expected I think the client will be happy with you because you put in a lot of hard work and it will show to the client. I think balancing your life and separating your professional problems or professional demands from your personal life is very important, especially in criminal law.
I would say this kind of stress real estate lawyers do not experience, immigration lawyers do not experience, or may not experience to the level, because my client, if I don’t do a good job, that person can be in jail for years. That person will get a criminal record. That person will lose his job. And if that person is not a Canadian citizen, they will also be deported. Sometimes they have their family, their kids here. And if the husband gets deported or the wife gets deported, it can break up their family. I think it takes time to learn all those things. That doesn’t come on day one. But as you grow, as you get more experienced, you tend to learn how to separate these things.
