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  • Struggle is a constant phenomenon and there is no escaping it- Shreya Sircar, Partner at Luthra and Luthra Law Offices

    Struggle is a constant phenomenon and there is no escaping it- Shreya Sircar, Partner at Luthra and Luthra Law Offices

    This interview has been published by  Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    To give this conversation a start, can you tell us about your background and how you became a multi-disciplinary dispute resolution practitioner and an experienced litigator?

    After my bachelor’s degree from Lady Shri Ram College, I pursued Law from Faculty of Law University of Delhi and master’s from New York University School of Law. I started my career with the Chamber of Ms. Geeta Luthra, Senior Advocate, and had the good fortune of working with the office of Mr. Lalit Bhasin, Amarchand Mangaldas Suresh A. Shroff & Co., SAM Co., and Bharucha & Partners. Presently, I am a dispute resolution practitioner and Partner at Luthra & Luthra Law Offices.

    About a decade & more ago, dispute resolution practice was more of a generalist stream where clients approached civil lawyers for any commercial dispute that needed resolution. As a corollary, being multi-disciplinary was the norm and less of a calculated choice. Specialized practice areas/verticals and boutique firms are a relatively recent phenomenon.

    As for your question of being an ‘experienced litigator’, a lawyer practicing dispute resolution, ought to be a litigator who can ably put forth the client’s case before Court and safeguard client’s best interests.

    What are some of the industries you have worked with, and how have you helped them navigate through regulatory and compliance matters?

    My industry experience includes infrastructure, construction, manufacturing, oil & natural gas, the rolling stock industry, engineering equipment, and hydropower projects, amongst others. I, along with my team assist clients to steer a mandate from start to finish. This involves advising and representing clients on all ancillary aspects including advisory, regulatory approvals, and on-going compliance matters. We adopt an integrated approach, working with multiple practice experts to identify the optimal strategy and structure for a client.

    You specialize in shareholder disputes and contractual claims. Could you please tell us more about the challenges of working on these types of cases, and how you overcome them?

    One of the challenges in handling shareholders or contractual disputes is to mitigate the risk of negative impact on performance, operation, and the business of the company. Occasionally, these disputes can also cause reputational loss, consequently, impacting its profitability and growth.

    I routinely advise clients to ensure that agreements are well drafted to narrow the scope for future disputes. Expressly written, unambiguous contractual clauses are essential to ensure that shareholder and contractual disputes are timely managed and effectively resolved, with minimal adverse effect on the business. The aim is to device strategies to prevent potential disputes while balancing shareholder interests.

    Another aspect to consider especially in shareholder disputes is to set out the mechanism for treatment of individual shares in case of a deadlock. This enables shareholders to offer to buy shares of another shareholder at a determined rate or sell shares to the other shareholders, thereby ensuring that conflicting shareholders exit the company without causing undue harm either to the shareholders’ or the company’s interest. 

    You have represented clients in various courts and tribunals, including quasi-judicial authorities and commissions. Can you share with us a particularly challenging case you worked on, and how you managed to achieve a favorable outcome?

    One of my most challenging cases has been the one that was easiest on facts and merits. While there were excellent supporting documents and what seemed like a straightforward case in our favour, took years and several rounds of litigation to conclude. This was primarily because we were opposing a party in person. Such cases become challenging as they are largely driven by emotions and less by logic, facts, and law. Be that as it may, ultimately court orders and outcomes of cases are premised on evidence and correct application of the extant law and that held us in good stead.

    What are some of the emerging trends in dispute resolution and arbitration that you think will shape the industry in the coming years?

    Use of technology and increased digitisation have permeated most aspects of life and dispute resolution is no exception to it. There are some developing trends even in dispute resolution, with one such trend being, electronic discovery of documents and records. With many businesses being conducted digitally, the process of collecting and reviewing digital data in litigation and arbitration has increased manifold. Our courts are also increasingly relying on technology such as video conferencing, e-filing systems, live streaming of cases etc., to improve efficiency and ensure greater accessibility to the legal system.

    More particularly, in consumer transactions and services, we have witnessed an increase in class actions. Groups of people with similar claims are increasingly joining hands to consolidate their bargaining power to initiate legal action against bigwigs.

    I have also noticed a shift in the volume of work that was previously outsourced to law firms, as opposed to how much is now being accomplished in-house. While there may have been a reduction in the quantum of work being outsourced, dispute resolution practitioners are now also being approached for their expertise in evolving strategies for pre-litigation risk mitigation & related advisory.

    Can you tell us about an experience that had an impact on your career as a lawyer?

    Every case has taught me something new, but this question particularly reminds of an incident in my initial days as a litigator. I was assisting my senior on a matter and during the hearing, I found myself miserably underprepared. After the hearing, I received a well-deserved dressing down from my senior. That episode was my first and last, at being unprepared for a matter. I have since then, been extra cautious at being prepared for a day in Court. I learnt that as a litigator, preparation is the key. While one may develop court craft and gain confidence over the years, one needs to know one’s files thoroughly, from day one.

    Could you please tell us about your future plans, and how do you see your practice evolving in the future?

    The plan is to keep working now, and in the future; try to tap into opportunities of good civil commercial work and strive to get better at it. That is career progression as I see it.

    Lastly, what would you like to say to all the legal professionals out there who are struggling in their initial years?

    Struggle is a constant phenomenon and there is no escaping it. Only the nature and magnitude of struggle change with each career milestone. That said, my two pence worth of advice to young professionals is to keep working hard with utmost integrity, and in these times of instant gratification, give oneself time to progress, because progress takes time. There is no instant switch to success, which term itself, is relative.

    Get in touch with Shreya Sircar-

  • Increasing awareness about IP rights is crucial because it helps individuals and businesses understand the value of their Intellectual Property and how to protect it- Omesh Puri, Partner, LEXORBIS

    Increasing awareness about IP rights is crucial because it helps individuals and businesses understand the value of their Intellectual Property and how to protect it- Omesh Puri, Partner, LEXORBIS

    This interview has been published by  Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    Sir, to start this interview, please tell our audience about how did you come into the legal profession?

    In my final year of graduation in Commerce, I developed a keen interest in the legal field. My fascination with law began as I studied Company law, Tax and Banking Regulations during my graduation. During my time at Law School, I found myself particularly drawn to criminal law, tax and intellectual property law.

    After completing my studies, I began my career as a Criminal lawyer, focussing mainly on bail matters and appearing primarily before Patiala House Court and Delhi High Court. However, after two years in Criminal law, I was presented with an opportunity to work in the field of Intellectual Property Law, which also included Information Technology, Advertising, IP transactions, and Cross-border IP issues. This new direction allowed me to broaden my knowledge and skills in the legal profession, and I found it to be a fulfilling and challenging experience primarily due to my likeness for Intellectual Property.

    Can you tell us about your experience in representing clients before different IP offices and courts in India? What are some of the most challenging changes you’ve witnessed?

    Throughout my career, I have advised and represented clients on a wide range of intellectual property (IP) protection and enforcement issues. Over the past 14 years, I have observed significant changes in the way IP offices and courts operate. Today, clients are more actively involved, and businesses are increasingly aware of the importance of intangible assets. As a result, lawyers are expected to possess a deep understanding of how a particular business operates and what kind of support they require from outside Counsel. It is essential to stay up-to-date with the latest Case laws, especially in the field of Intellectual Property (IP), where disputes are rapidly evolving, and the interpretation of Law is becoming complex.

    To resolve disputes, new avenues are being explored, and the increased use of technology has been particularly helpful in improving the IP Ecosystem. As a result, IP owners now have greater trust in India’s IP protection and enforcement mechanisms.

    Lawyers are generally less receptive to technology, and I too struggled in accepting new technology during the early years of my practice. However, given the rapidly changing technological landscape, it has become increasingly important for lawyers to be well-versed in the latest technologies to provide the best possible services to clients. As a result, lawyers are now expected to be more technologically sound than before. At LexOrbis, we promote the use of technology among our lawyers/patent agents and paralegals to streamline their workload.

    You’ve worked with clients across a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, fashion, and automobiles. Are there any industry-specific challenges you face when it comes to protecting and enforcing IP rights?

    Each industry presents unique challenges when it comes to protecting and enforcing Intellectual Property (IP) rights. In the past, we had more clients from traditional businesses, but in recent years, we have seen an increase in clients from the more sophisticated technical and innovative sectors. Every day, new businesses emerge that require guidance from IP lawyers, and this is one of the most exciting aspects of the job – learning about innovative and unique products and services.

    Collaborating with various industries can expand your knowledge and perspective. For example my experience working with clients in the pharmaceutical industry has highlighted the importance of innovation and public health issues in regulated industries. Similarly, my work with clients in the food and beverage industry has taught me about the significance of branding and consumer trends. Through my involvement in the fashion industry, I have come to recognize the industry’s rapid pace and the constant demand for innovation. Similarly, my time working in the automobile industry has emphasized the significance of sustainability and technology.

    Overall, my work with clients across diverse industries has equipped me with a well-rounded perspective and adaptable problem-solving skills that can be applied to a wide range of business challenges. I believe that as lawyers, our first approach should be to understand our clients’ businesses and the disputes at hand, and then draw upon our experience to resolve them. It is essential to have a deep understanding of each industry’s specific needs to provide effective legal solutions that are in sync with the business requirements.

    In addition to your legal work, you’re also involved in IP rights awareness campaigns with government organizations. Why is it important to increase awareness about IP rights, and what are some of the most common misconceptions you’ve encountered?

    Increasing awareness about IP rights is crucial because it helps individuals and businesses understand the value of their Intellectual Property and how to protect it and in case of violation, what all actions can be taken. Many people have misconceptions about IP law, such as believing that everything can be freely used and shared on the internet or that copying someone else’s work is acceptable as long as it’s not for commercial purposes. These misconceptions are so rampant and therefore it’s crucial to educate the public about IP law.

    You’ve authored several articles on IP law and regularly speak on IP issues at various forums. Can you tell us about a recent development or trend in IP law that you find particularly interesting or impactful?

    Intellectual Property matters are constantly evolving, as businesses continue to develop and encounter fresh issues that require attention. An intriguing trend that has emerged recently is the increased demand for Intellectual Property protection in emerging markets such as the Metaverse, NFT, and Artificial Intelligence markets. The companies are confronting challenges in safeguarding and enforcing their intellectual property rights in these new sectors, and I believe that legal professionals specializing in Intellectual Property must broaden their focus in order to effectively protect their clients’ interests.

    Coming towards the end of this conversation, please give tell our audience about the most valuable lesson of your life.

    The most significant lesson that I’ve learned is to remain curious and to never stop learning like a child in the school. As a legal professional, it’s crucial to stay abreast with the latest developments in Law and Business since they are ever changing. I believe that ongoing expansion of my knowledge and skill set enables me to provide superior legal guidance to my clients and keeps me excited and involved in my job. It’s critical to keep up with recent Court decisions and intellectual Property Office practices. Additionally, I prioritize my interests outside of work as well, such as playing Cricket and riding motorcycle over the weekends.

    Get in touch with Omesh Puri-

  • Be true to what you do, even if you know that what you are doing is temporary- Padma Sinha, Group Head-Technology Law at Fox Mandal

    Be true to what you do, even if you know that what you are doing is temporary- Padma Sinha, Group Head-Technology Law at Fox Mandal

    This interview has been published by  Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    Ma’am, in order to start this conversation, please let us know what motivated you to be in the legal profession? 

    Law is a dynamic story for me. I do not come from a family of lawyers but have always revered the profession as a justice-serving device. Fundamental values such as moral conviction and public good (even if that is an unpopular choice) always triggered me. Legal egalitarianism leading to social equality and defending civil rights always triggered me.

    Let’s say Atticus Finch motivated me to be in the legal profession.

    Kindly share your experience of studying LLM at the Queen Mary-university?

    I did my LLB in India in a very different teaching environment. When I started my LL.M, at Queen Mary, it came as a surprise- I mean, a pleasant surprise. The teaching methodology was absolutely distinct in ways I didn’t know existed- always highly interactive. A whole hour in each class would be spent discussing the topic of the day, exchange ideas peer-to-peer; so more often than not, after classes we all will be hanging out somewhere discussing and debating on the day’s topics.

    QMUL also gave me plethora of opportunities to write & edit magazines, participate in legal clinics, visit the UN in Geneva, attend insightful seminars, participate in election & Brexit campaigns and a huge lot of other things which I will treasure forever.

    I value my degree certificate a lot; But what I value more is the one year that opened my mind incredibly.    

    IT law professionals are rare in sight, so what motivated you to take up this very specific field of law? 

    Advancement in technology is inevitable. The pace at which technology is developing is unparalleled. I feel there is a need to ensure that the pace of advancement matches the legal safeguards. This is a non-traditional area of law which I see is burgeoning as new technologies emerge. I wanted to be a part of this- By understanding the new techs and thereafter being part of history creating the legal armour to protect ourselves from not only current issues on digital space but also much complex technology issues, yet to come, that may have profound impact on almost every aspect of our lives.

    How do you analyse the freedom of speech over the internet and the restrictions placed upon the same?

    Freedom of speech and expression is a guaranteed constitutional right and the fundamental premise of democracy. As it has been said, a democratic society stands fundamentally upon unfettered debate, discussion, and open dialogue, as it acts as the sole “corrective of government action” – that’s the genesis of any discussion on it.

    The digital era suddenly opened floodgates of information easily accessible to a large section of the society. The outreach of voices now transcended physical boundaries. It however brought with it new risks and challenges to democracy. Many authoritarian populism across the world used internet to propagate disinformation and hate speech. Problem is that people now do not only have different opinion, they have different facts. Like various sets of information to choose form and as per their convenience deem such information as ‘fact’ on the basis of which they form opinion. Therefore, deciding whether a particular speech is worthy of protection, or not, is a slippery slope.

    The ‘harm principle’ and the ‘offense principle’ are often designated as the guardians of social harmony. Our Constitution also provides for reasonable restrictions. But the irony however is with the judgement of what may form ‘reasonable’ – that has a changing face and sometimes an infectious ‘over-sensitivity’ syndrome, leading to dissident voices punished and the freedom curbed.

    The current IT Rules amendment on fact-check can be an example. With the power as this amendment provides to the government, the checks & balances provided by the media & civil society would be affected adversely. The answer therefore does not lie in government taking more control to censor unpalatable criticism. That’s dangerous for a democratic, civil society.

    Ma’am, please let us know what keeps you motivated to deliver the best in your field?

    Motivation comes in various ways. Amongst other things, I think working in a law firm gives you a diverse scope. Adding to it, technology law is a very dynamic area where there is always a new advancement that needs a legal explaining to the client. Honestly speaking there are always some areas where you need research, interpretation and brain-storming. This constant need to get answers and communicate so to the satisfaction of your clients- keeps me motivated. I feel very motivated each time I explain something to a client and they sound very convinced.

    What qualities do you think an IT law professional must possess?

    • Updated on trends in technology is a must
    • Understanding the client’s needs (including client’s products/ services)
    • Thereafter, legal risk assessment and managing them
    • Not just for IT law professionals, but generally drafting and communication skills are important.

    We would like to know more about the current role in the TMT legal team of Fox Mandal.

    I work as Group Head in the Technology team. My Role includes providing a wide range of advisory to clients in the technology space on data privacy, data breach and security, drafting, advising and negotiating various technology contracts.

    In order to wrap this conversation up, kindly provide us with the piece of advice you would like to give to all the budding legal professionals.

    • Be true to what you do, even if you know that what you are doing is temporary. Do not be impatient. I feel law is an area of learning for the rest of our lives. So be patient.  
    • Also, learning is a very important thing to do, as a legal professional, not just technology lawyer. It’s important to constantly un-learn and re-learn. Every person you interact with, in the profession, senior-junior-peer is our learning tool.

    Get in touch with Padma Sinha-

  • For all such major steps undertaken by Indian Government to promote business in India, we need a strong legal framework in India for its successful implementation and contribution towards India’s economic growth- Tejveer Singh, Independent Legal Counsel

    For all such major steps undertaken by Indian Government to promote business in India, we need a strong legal framework in India for its successful implementation and contribution towards India’s economic growth- Tejveer Singh, Independent Legal Counsel

    This interview has been published by  Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    Sir, in order to start this conversation, could you please tell us about your decision to pursue law and CA?

    I was always inclined toward general reading and contemplating on social and economic issues. I had an immense interest in reading books relating to law, commerce and business. I still recall debating with friends and families about the effective implementation of government policies and decisions and their impact on the businesses or lives of common people.

    During those days, it was not common to secure both degrees together. So initially,  I was slightly uncertain as to which course to pursue and then luckily I came to know about probably one of the most successful and knowledgeable lawyers, Mr. Harish Salve, who is a chartered accountant, but a practising lawyer. Inspired by his intellect and quick-witted representations, I decided to accomplish both academic qualifications. That’s how my professional journey as a practicing lawyer started.

    Can you tell us about your experience handling commercial disputes before the High Court and NCLT?  

    Handling commercial disputes before various forums is a tremendously enriching experience. When a commercial dispute is brought before us by a client, it gives us perspective on how a brilliant and successful businessman can get affected due to bureaucratic rigmarole or lack of awareness of implications of certain applicable laws. In such a critical situation, if we are able to take out knots and smoothen the already tricky road of doing business, are swift in decision making and providing various alternatives to clients suitable to him then it leads to immense satisfaction and value creation for businessman. Since the legal profession is a service, if you think of rendering services as rendering of services with ethics and integrity , then you will be able to devote yourself fully with strong conviction which can bring great satisfaction to your life and professional success.   

    How have you contributed to the evolution of transfer pricing laws in India, and what role have you played in the BEPS initiative?

    The world trade interse between the companies is growing a lot . Hence, various business transactions between the same entities of an umbrella company provide the opportunity to corporations to  manage transactions in such a manner that profits are shifted to lower tax countries. Transfer pricing provisions are introduced in the Income Tax Act’1961 in the year   2001 to deal with possibility of such abuse. I have more than 50 reported judgments in transfer pricing arena in my name over the years. So I have seen evolution of these provisions in India. Initially, when these were introduced in India, they were intentionally drafted in such  a manner that it would be easier to adapt in accordance with the prevailing business environment to achieve the objective behind such provisions. The government has been successful in doing so to a certain extent whereas, in its implementation process, the Government made certain mistakes but by and large, the concept or framework that each country shall get its fair share of taxes is gaining momentum and putting a curb on shifting profits to lower or nil tax countries. It is now accepted by all countries and across all the international trade bodies by way of OECD framework ensuring a more transparent tax environment.

    What has been your most challenging case to date, and how did you handle it?

    Well, in many cases we are required to sign nondisclosure agreements. Hence, I would not be able to answer this question in terms of client and case details. But what I can say is in the current legal environment won the biggest challenge that business houses are facing is dealing with regulators. The client is not looking forward to obtain any order from the court having Precedent value, but is more interested in resolving the issue so that he can execute his future business plan of action efficiently. Hence, as a lawyer, you can look at the issue from the perspective of solving a problem rather than trying to get into the nitty-gritty of law and taking the issue to the court. In that scenario, you would be a far more accomplished and dependable lawyer. In one of my most challenging cases, the solution we came out with was so simple which led to out of the court settlement by merely filing a letter with the regulator.

    Can you share your experience in facilitating foreign direct investments in various sectors?

    FDI transactions have different challenges for different sectors. For the manufacturing sector, the issues such as a laundry list of statutory compliances – both general as well as sector specific, deter an investor from taking a position in India. The ease of doing business initiative taken by GOI will go a long way in addressing such challenges. For the infrastructure sector, the main sticking point is an efficient dispute resolution mechanism so as to avoid projects getting stuck due to disputes. In the IT sector, a rejig in the corporate structures (including externalisation) so as to have tax optimisation is the biggest challenge. Rationalisation of capital gains tax – bringing it at par with the jurisdictions with whom India has tax treaties is the key to facilitate investment in IT sector especially investments chasing inorganic growth.

    As someone with expertise in information technology and entertainment, how do you see the legal landscape evolving in these industries?

    The rapid rise of technology and the internet has fundamentally changed the landscape of the entertainment sector. The legal sector faces a huge backlash when it comes to this since people are rapidly adapting to the new technologies being developed but it is not the case with law. Let alone there being law in place governing these developments such as Artificial Intelligence, blockchain technologies, presence of Metaverse, the legislature faces major criticism from its own citizens since they have not only repealed the existing data privacy laws, but also not put the new data protection bill into effect. The developments in information technology come with their own complex legal issues as well such as data breaches, breaches of privacy, cyber harassment etc. Artificial Intelligence which is being used at majority workplaces including law firms is not regulated by law. Thousands of cases have been filed at various levels of judicial courts involving matters relating to blockchain technologies, metaverse and artificial intelligence but matters keep getting adjourned or are not admitted in the initial stage citing lack of jurisdiction since there is no law basis which the judiciary can come to a decision.  The government created a havoc amongst the public by implementing a 30% tax on NFT’s without having a law in place which authorises the imposing of such tax.

    With regards to the entertainment sector, the legislature is prompt in taking action and giving immediate effect to certain guidelines and regulations that mandate and prohibit the advertisements and use of certain language, content etc. or to govern the digital creators, influencer and social media aspect of entertainment. However, there is still ambiguity with respect to entertainment in digital space as it subject to varied interpretation.

    The entertainment industry in India has witnessed growth in many folds and now the entire world has started recognizing Indian entertainment industry as well. The legal landscape has been progressing due to the expansion of digital platforms and various streaming platforms and models, which have evolved the traditional business models into extremely competitive business.

    The amendments in 2021 to the Cinematograph Act, which give the government power to regulate digital content and streaming services have raised issues in the entertainment industry. Also, copyright laws in India have also been developed to combat piracy and protect intellectual property rights.

    How do you balance your roles as a legal professional and a chartered accountant, and how does this dual qualification benefit your clients?

    I have been handling tax and commercial litigation since starting my legal professional journey where my CA qualification has helped in better understanding Taxes and business environment in which transactions are undertaken  . Additionally, the pragmatic and worldview of financial analysis across various sectors and in-depth knowledge has been possible due to my CA qualification which benefits me to a great extent in corporate and tax litigation. However, sometimes I need to specifically focus on the legal aspects involved in the case rather than going into a detailed analysis of financials from a CA prospective.

    Can you share your thoughts on the current state of the Indian economy and its impact on corporate and commercial law?

    India remains one of the fastest growing economies in the world in recent times. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recent report reassured that the current will be a year for the Indian economy to strengthen its position on the global stage. The same is validated by the world bank’s report that global slowdown has much lower impact on India as compare to other emerging economies. 

    India challenged global trends in 2022 and successfully witness record M&A activity. Despite economic hurdles and disturbances due to geopolitical factors, Covid impact and a global consumption slowdown, the World Bank revised its 2022-23 GDP forecast for India to 6.9 percent from 6.5 percent (in October 2022).

    Further, the Indian government has been taking numerous steps to bring in foreign direct investments (FDIs) and brought commendable amendments to “Ease of Doing Business” in India to attract further foreign funding into India.

    For all such major steps undertaken by Indian Government to promote business in India, we need a strong legal framework in India for its successful implementation and contribution towards India’s economic growth. This leads to a positive impact on the requirement of more expertise in corporate law and commercial law supporting the corporates in establishing and growing their business.

    Coming towards the end of the conversation, what advice would you give to young professionals who aspire to have a career in corporate and commercial law?

    A legal professional is expected to be well versed with various applicable laws and regulations.  Gaining that knowledge and experience has no alternatives but a self-driven focus and discipline toward the thorough self-study of various applicable laws. A legal professional becomes apart from other professionals by virtue of their problem solving attitude and accepting new challenges every day.

    I would like to advise young professionals to capitalize the advantage of their internship and their senior’s experience and then decide on the preferred areas of practice. There is a saying that we do our best work if we do a job that makes us happy. The legal profession is that profession which has such an extensive scope in the current scenario that gives tremendous options to make a career in corporate and commercial law and lead a very satisfying and successful life and also do good by service to others .

    Get in touch with Tejveer Singh-

  • Participation in competitions and conferences enhances the networking among likeminded professionals- Krusch Pathippallil Antony, Partner, Arbitration at King Stubb & Kasiva, Advocates & Attorneys

    This interview has been published by Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    What led you to pursue a career in law and alternative dispute resolution (ADR)?

    To be a part of justice delivery mechanism, and to uphold the constitution of India, I took law as a professional career. Peace-making efforts, and to build a global career, ADR is the best choice. Practising negotiation, mediation and arbitration, with the emergence of ODR is the path for professional advancement to me.

    Could you tell us about your educational background and how it has contributed to your career in law and ADR?

    I am a Law Graduate from Govt. Law College, Ernakulum, under the M.G. University, Kottayam, Kerala. Masters in Business Laws from NLSIU, Bangalore; and MA in Economics from GIPE, Pune. The mix of Economics and Commerce, as the base education, with further certifications in Arbitration / Mediation and Negotiations helped me to concentrate on commercial disputes and resolutions.

    You have been practicing law and ADR for over two decades. How has your experience evolved over the years?

    Over the years I gained more exposure in negotiations, conciliations, mediations and Arbitrations. The more exposures in Banking and Finance as a Corporate In-house counsel helped me to become a professional in Corporate Laws, Debt Counselling cum Mediations and Arbitrations.

    Could you explain your role as an Associate Arbitrator at the Chartered Institute of Arbitration (ACIArb), U.K? How has this position influenced your work in ADR?

    The association with CIArb helped to get sufficient exposure in International Arbitration, and more particularly as to writing of Arbitration Award. This helped me get enough confidence in handling Arbitrations, as a sole arbitrator, and ultimately to get branded as a dispute resolution practitioner.

    You are an accredited arbitrator and mediator at the Indian Institute of Arbitration and Mediation (IIAM). How has this accreditation impacted your career in ADR?

    The accreditation further helped me to get branded as a DISPUTE RESOLUTION EXPERT in the Indian ADR Market; and got associations with National Law Schools and Law Colleges, in various capacities like Guest Faculty, Judges for International Mediation , Negotiation and Arbitration competitions, conferences and symposiums e.t.c.,

    You have also been involved in several international law school competitions as a panel judge for arbitration and mediation. What motivated you to participate in these competitions, and what have been your experiences?

    Participation in competitions and conferences enhances the networking among likeminded professionals. Moreover, we understand the progress of the law and ADR through the young minds in law schools, and emerging practices in ODR & AI.

    As a partner at King Stubb & Kasiva, Advocates & Solicitors, you practice arbitration and litigation across three cities in India. What inspired you to establish this partnership, and how has it contributed to your work as a legal expert?

    Association with King Stubb & Kasiva, Advocates & Solicitors, opened the doors for practice of International and National Arbitration litigations of prominent corporates. Exposure through such association is unique and inspiring, and enhanced my legal expertise.

    You are a member of several ADR societies, including the Asian Institute of Alternative Dispute Resolutions (AIADR), Kuala Lumpur, and the Nani Palkhivala Arbitration Centre in Chennai. How have these societies contributed to your work in ADR?

    Association and membership with credible ADR institutions in India and abroad is crucial in developing ADR as a professional career, and I gained immense knowledge, information and networking through the same.

    You have completed several training courses in arbitration law and practice, including the Advanced Course on Arbitration & Mediation Procedure under WIPO Rules – WIPO Academy. How have these courses helped you grow as a legal expert in ADR?

    IPR and ADR is an emerging field with international scope in practice. WIPO Academy standards of ADR in the domain field of IPR is unique, and the ultimate course of global reputations; and further the course gives opportunity for international networking of IPR professionals and ADR Experts.

    Get in touch with-

  • All areas of law and equally thrilling as they are collectively required to maintain order in the society- Namit Saxena, Advocate on Record at Supreme Court of India

    All areas of law and equally thrilling as they are collectively required to maintain order in the society- Namit Saxena, Advocate on Record at Supreme Court of India

    This interview has been published by Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    Sir, please tell us about the person you thought you would become when you reach your current age.

     There is no person as such whom I thought I would become at my age. Professionally speaking, there are senior advocates from whom all young lawyers derive inspiration at different times. I also derived inspiration from senior colleagues at bar.

    Please enlighten our audience about effectively preparing for AOR examination. 

     The AOR examination comprises of 4 subjective question papers of 100 marks each. To clear the exam, the aspirant needs to secure atleast 20 marks (60%) in aggregate and atleast 50 marks in individual papers. The papers are – Practice & procedure of the Supreme Court, Drafting, Leading Cases and Professional Ethics. There is a well defined syllabus including a readily available list of leading cases for that paper. The exam is going to be conducted in June 2023 now. I had prepared a short course with Eastern Book Company (EBC) on this which is available here – https://www.ebcwebstore.com/product_info.php?products_id=99097675&trk_bn=1

    We would like to know more about your experience as Law Clerk cum research assistant to Hon’ble Mr. Justice Kurian Joseph.

     It was an enriching experience with Justice Kurian Joseph. I was selected as a Law Clerk cum research assistant in 2013 and was attached with him for an year. He was my first professional mentor. There was so much to learn from him not only on law but spirituality as well. We worked on important matters particularly the coal block allocation scam case. I wrote an article on his superannuation which can be read here – https://www.livelaw.in/passionate-and-compassionate-justice-kurian-joseph/.

    Having a good experience in the area of research, please give our audience few tips in order to conduct effective research. 

    Always look for the primary source. For example, if you are researching on a particular point of law and in your commentary or journal you find a reference of a particular judgment, locate that judgment and read it. Then follow up with judgments which have followed it or distinguished it and update yourself with the latest law on the subject.

    Please enlighten us about the area of practice you like the most.

    All areas of law and equally thrilling as they are collectively required to maintain order in the society. I practice more on the criminal side.

    Lastly, could you please give a piece of advice to the legal professionals who are in the initial years of their legal journey?

     I can only advise on colleagues who are starting their respective journeys in the field of litigation. Focus on observing senior members of the bar and try to learn how do they present a case. Learn filing work from the clerk in the chamber you are associated with. Keep a diary with you and keep making short notes and keep visiting them once in a while. Keep yourself engaged with a sport. Initial few years are taxing, treat your mentor’s matters as your own and always compete with yourself. Don’t compare yourself with anyone.

    Get in touch with Namit Saxena-

  • It is very crucial for a lawyer to have a reasonable understanding of workings of court(s) of first instance, especially procedural law(s)- Satyam Thareja, Founding Partner, TNC, Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India

    It is very crucial for a lawyer to have a reasonable understanding of workings of court(s) of first instance, especially procedural law(s)- Satyam Thareja, Founding Partner, TNC, Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India

    This interview has been published by Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    To start this conversation, please tell us about your decision to pursue law.

    I finished schooling in 2007, not so long after my father’s retirement from judicial service and right after enrolment of my brother with Bar Council of Delhi. I got to see both of them in invigorating discussions over nitty-gritties of law. This influenced me considerably in making my mind to pursue law. Also, I realised that graduation in law can be foundation for various vocations.

    Can you tell us about your experience as a Law-Clerk-cum-Research Assistant in Supreme Court of India? How did this experience shape your career in law?

    In 2012, few month before my graduation from National Law University, Jodhpur, I got the opportunity to intern with Retd. Justice Dalveer Bhandari, Former Judge of Supreme Court of India. This experience encouraged me to seek engagement as a Law Clerk-cum-Research Assistant. At that time, Supreme Court of India conducted interviews for selection to pool of graduates for post of Law Clerk-cum-Research Assistant. After I was selected, I got assigned to the office of Retd. Justice RM Lodha, Former Chief Justice of India. He was a very hard task-master and very disciplined. However, he was very kind to allow me to pursue LL.M. while working in his office. My experience as a Law Clerk-cum-Research Assistant enabled me to have a better understanding of jurisdictions of different court(s) and tribunal(s) as paper-book filed in Supreme Court of India are comprehensive vis-à-vis question of law / issue. After my term as Law Clerk-cum-Research Assistant got over, I got the opportunity to work as an associate in office of Mr. Sidharth Luthra, Senior Advocate & Former Addl. Solicitor General of India.

    What inspired you to start independent practice and focus on trial court work?

    I got to learn a great deal about working of superior courts in office of Mr. Sidharth Luthra, Senior Advocate. During my time at his office, I realised that when one is young in the profession, judges, senior members of bar & court staff accommodate & condone mistakes to enable a learning curve. However, similar treatment is not easily offered to someone who has some experience at the bar.

    Over the period of more than 7 years, since I have been independently practicing, I have made my own set of mistakes and I have learned from them. A large part of my learning curve, in trial court, is influenced by my stint as panel lawyer for Magisterial Courts with Delhi State Legal Services Authority and by rendering assistance to my father with his work.

    In my opinion, it is very crucial for a lawyer to have a reasonable understanding of workings of court(s) of first instance, especially procedural law(s). It also helps in having a better understanding of the legal issues while working in appellate courts.

    Would you share a cross-examination technique or approach?

    I do not think that art of cross-examination can be taught. It is developed organically by every lawyer through his / her own experiences.

    I have garnered some experience to identify certain crucial concepts. For example, I have seen many witnesses falling prey to confirmation bias. As a lawyer, while doing cross-examination, it is imperative to identify the potential confirmation bias in the testimony of witness and exploit it to raise doubts on credibility of testimony of the witness

    In 2020, you got enrolled in the Supreme Court of India as an Advocate-on-Record. Why did you choose to enrol since you focused on trial court work?

    While working in trial court, I got many indigent clients whose case had merit for them to be argued before superior courts. I could continue providing legal services in the High Court of Delhi but not in Supreme Court of India since I could not do filing there. I got enrolled as an Advocate-on-Record to become eligible to file and pursue such matters before the Supreme Court of India which, in my opinion, need consideration qua individual right of such litigant or have a larger impact.

    Can you tell us about a particularly challenging case you worked on and how you overcame the challenge?

    One of the challenging cases I got to work upon was a medico negligence case. I represented the interest of complainant who, who was otherwise suffering from a terminal / chronic illness, having been advised for a particular surgery, had undergone surgery which did not have a favourable outcome. The complainant chose to contest the matter before State Consumer Commission asserting medical negligence against the surgeon / doctor and the hospital. During the pendency of the matter, upon order of State Consumer Commission, an opinion of medical board from a reputed hospital was taken which recorded that there was no medical negligence. However, eventually, the State Consumer Commission declined jurisdiction as compensation sought was beyond its pecuniary jurisdiction.

    Thereafter, complainant approached me to pursue the matter before National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission. Upon seeing the file, I advised the complainant to pursue the complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission on the grounds of lack of informed consent and deficiency in service as complainants’ consent form was a standardised pre-printed form. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, in its judgment, though dismissed the complaint but acknowledged that the usage of pre-printed forms for consent, by the hospital, was administrative arbitrariness and one-sided high handedness and imposed heavy cost on the hospital.

    You have also worked on notable cases such as Rajesh Tyagi v. Jaibir Singh, FAO No. 842 / 2003 before Hon’ble High Court of Delhi. Can you tell us about it?

    The Hon’ble High Court of Delhi in matter titled Rajesh Tyagi v. Jaibir Singh, FAO No. 842 / 2003, dealt with procedural issues faced by Motor Accident Claims Tribunal(s) having jurisdiction in Delhi. The Hon’ble High Court of Delhi directed for Modified Claims Tribunal Agreed Procedure to be followed by all Motor Accident Claims Tribunal(s) which are subordinate to Hon’ble High Court of Delhi and for filing of Detailed Accident Report by investigation agency before concerned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal. These directions have alleviated a large number of concerns faced by Motor Accident Claims Tribunal(s) such as irregular averments in claim petitions, delay in production of documents like proof of income, investigation documents, insurance documents etc., time consumed qua first appearance of parties etc. This has, consequently, resulted in reduction of time span between the date of incident / accident and passing of award.

    I got involved in this matter as an associate to Mr. Sidharth Luthra, Senior Advocate who was appointed as an Amicus Curiae. However, after lapse of some time, I got the opportunity to assist the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi in my own capacity.

    Get in touch with Satyam Thareja-

  • ‘History will judge us not by the number of cases we won, but by the no. of young lawyers we trained and empowered and how they contributed to the jurisprudence’- Jai Lodha, Advocate and Legal Consultant at Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur Bench , Jaipur

    ‘History will judge us not by the number of cases we won, but by the no. of young lawyers we trained and empowered and how they contributed to the jurisprudence’- Jai Lodha, Advocate and Legal Consultant at Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur Bench , Jaipur

    This interview has been published by Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    How would you like to introduce yourself to the readers? Please tell us something about your childhood and background?  

    Hello ! I was born in Jodhpur(Rajasthan) and raised in Jaipur (Rajasthan). I did my schooling from Maharaja Sawai Man Singh Vidyalaya (M.S.M.S.V), Jaipur. I studied law from Government Law College , Mumbai ! I did my Masters In Business Laws from NLSIU (Banglore) . I also hold a certification in Public International Law from The Hague Academy Of International Law ,Hague (Netherlands) and a diploma in Cyber Laws from The Asian School Of Cyber Laws , Pune. I am the managing partner of a law firm called “VSL Law Chambers“. The Firm bears the initials of my Father , Mr. Virendra Singh Lodha , who is a designated senior advocate and practicing primarily before Hon’ble Rajasthan High court with frequent appearances before other Constitutional Courts such as Delhi , Allahabad etc and before Hon’ble Supreme Court Of India. I have an elder brother. His name is Yash Lodha. Yash Bhaiya is a faculty member in the department of Mathematics at University of Hawaiʻin Honolulu , Hawaii. Our parents have always been extremely supportive. They have never imposed any conditions upon us. Both ‘Law’ and ‘Litigation’ happened in my case by design, by choice.

    You have pursued a course in public international law from The Hague Academy Of International Law, Hague, (Netherlands) and also done Masters In Business laws from NLSIU, Bangalore. Please talk about these courses !

    I hold a public international law certification from the Hague Academy Of International Law, Hague. It was an experience of a lifetime. Some of the most reputed and distinguished professors in the world taught us various courses at the academy. Imagine studying and researching in the same building complex that houses the International Court Of Justice. Infact, on two occasions we were allowed/given access to visit the Internal Court Of Justice. It definitely qualifies to be the most memorable experience of my legal journey. I did my masters in Business Laws From NLSIU, Bangalore. It is regarded as one of the toughest Post Graduate Degrees (Law). Basically it is NLSIU’s flagship Masters Programme. It is a two year course and the applicant is required to clear 10 subjects in all. In short it was like an Everest Expedition.

    You have interned at different law firms and chambers, can you share with us some of the most important lessons you have learned from those experiences?

    Internship lessons learnt : 1) At AZB & Partners : The importance of merit + hard work ! You have to be both meritorious and hardworking else you will not survive because competition is cutthroat ! 2) Trilegal : Camaraderie and teamwork ! 3) Dsk Legal : Compassion towards colleagues ! 4) Fox Mandal : You can only grow if you work in a team and work for larger interest of the organization. 5) Trust Legal : The importance of having a mentor and guidance. 6) Hon’ble Justice P.B Majmudar (Former Judge , Bombay High Court), Sr. Advocate Mr. Parag P Tripathi (Former Additional Solicitor General Of India, Supreme Court Of India), Sr. Advocate Mr. M.S Singhvi (Current Advocate General of The State Of Rajasthan), Sr. Advocate Mr. Ashok Mehta (Former Chairman Of Bar Council Of Rajasthan) and Sr. Advocate Mr. Virendra Singh Lodha : Devotion towards practice and passion for the law and their ability to maintain brilliant work life balance !

    What kind of matters have you dealt with and what is your area of specialization ?

    Initially, I worked at Agarwal Law Associates in Delhi where I had dealt with Telecom matters , Electricity Law Matters and miscellaneous matters before Hon’ble Supreme Court Of India , Hon’ble Delhi High Court and other Tribunals. In Rajasthan, I was initially associated with the chambers of Mr. Ashok Mehta , Sr. Advocate and former Chairman Of Bar Council Of Rajasthan, for a period of 2 years where I worked and practiced extensively on the original side before Trial Courts, Consumer Courts and Tribunals ! I subsequently joined the esteemed chambers of my father , Mr. Virendra Singh Lodha (Sr. Advocate) where I worked for 6 years. It was in my fathers chamber that I an opportunity to work and specialize in writs , appeals and complaints in matters and cases pertaining to Mining Laws, Intellectual Property Law ,Taxation Law, Service Law , Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, Arbitration Law ,Constitutional Law, Criminal Law , Cheque Dishonour (NI Act) , Labour Laws, Electricity Laws, Educational Matters , Motor Accident claims, , Medical Negligence etc Jaipur Bench as well as at Principal Seat (Jodhpur) as well as at National Company Law Tribunal , Service Tribunals , Consumer Courts, Commercial Courts and various other forums. I am currently serving as a Standing Counsel for The Commercial Taxes Department, Government Of Rajasthan , Jaipur and also a panel lawyer for 14 Government companies and organizations. I also represent and contest matters on behalf of a large number of private companies and Business Houses.

    Can you tell us more about your YouTube channel, The Virtual Amicus, and how you came up with the idea for it?How has The Virtual Amicus helped law students and lawyers during the pandemic? 

    In June 2021 , I started a YOUTUBE Channel : The Virtual Amicus. The idea and objective was not only to create legal awareness but also to solve legal issues(both basic and complex) that baffle us. The goal was primarily to help out as many law students and lawyers as possible who were hit and adversely affected by covid-19. On this Virtual Platform, I invite and interview seasoned and distinguished lawyers, respected and noted professors and retired hon’ble judges. I have recorded around 126 sessions/episodes so far since June , 2021. This virtual initiative of mine was my way of giving back to the institution , profession. The idea to anchor my own youtube channel was always in the pipeline but it was covid that gave me ample time to launch/execute it ! I saw some 200 odd webinars in 2020 before I launched this virtual initiative in June 2021.

    How do I approach speakers : Well this one question that I am often bombarded with !
    Here is the answer. On the basis of demand for a particular session on any particular legal
    issue , or legal topic , or a masters programme from any particular university or any other law course , I look for subject experts, field specialists on Linkedin and other platforms and then once I have shortlisted the names , an official invitation is sent via email.
    Since its a one person venture , so I do everything myself , from
    a) invitation !
    b) persuasion(persuading speakers) for doing a session !
    c) Preparing a Social Media Banner !
    d) Preparing Q and A in case of a Q and A format !
    e) Recording !
    f) Editing !
    g) Uploading !
    For the world it’s a herculean task. But for me it’s an effortless exercise since I am extremely
    passionate about it ! My virtual initiative is all set to turn 2 years old on 25th May , 2023 ! 🙂
    Yes it has definitely helped scores and scores of young lawyers and law students. I keep
    receiving emails about these extraordinary breakthroughs achieved by them. At this juncture
    , let me clarify 3 things :
    1) We are not here to ensure placements or get lawyers/law students placed. We are here
    only to help them and provide them with best possible guidance.
    2) Every speaker on our platform is a distinguished and a successful practitioner of
    his/her field .
    3) Our philosophy on the channel is that : “ Philanthropy should never be monetized” !
    We have till date not monetized our channel !

    What advice would you give to young professionals in the legal field?
    Let me make 1 thing very clear.
    First I am an officer of the court , than a lawyer to my client and lastly a managing partner of my firm.
    My advice to law students :
    1) Experiment as much as you can in those 3 years or 5 years of law school but never at
    the cost of academics. Participate in moot courts but not at the cost of
    academics/studies. Participate in College committees and essay writing competitions but not not at the cost of academics/studies. Play sports but not at the cost of academics/studies.
    2) It’s legitimate to be confused after graduation. Don’t worry, If you keep the student in you alive, remain academically inclined and read and read and read , your confusion will vaporize some day.
    3) Short term internships only add cosmetic value to your CV. You don’t end up doing
    anything substantial or meaningful. I would recommend long term internships but not
    at the cost of academics/studies. Also the quality of internships is more important than
    the number/quantity of internships.
    4) Remain attentive in the classroom and focus on academics/studies . Since you are a
    law student , you should give first priority to class room lectures and academics/studies.
    5) Try doing internships in different geographical locations and cities and states. You only learn out of your comfort zone.
    6) Make as many friends as possible from different cultures , cities. Don’t confine
    yourself with friends from the same hometowns.
    7) Try finding a mentor in your professor. Nobody guides the way a professor does.
    8) Try Understanding your parents’ anxiety especially when you are pursuing law from
    a different state . Some students completely cut themselves off from their parents to
    enjoy the freedom their law school offers. This type of practice is not only unfortunate but also ridiculous. One or two calls a day will not damage or hurt your freedom.
    9) Last but not the least ! Fitness is very important. A fit body houses a healthy mind !
    You feel a lot more confident as a person when you are fit. Do play a sport or hit the
    gym on a regular basis every single day for at least 45 mins on campus.

    My advice to young lawyers :
    1) We are in a profession of persuasion. Our job is to be assertive , persuasive and
    humble and not be rude on the dais.
    2) Litigation is not a 100 meter sprint but a marathon. It takes years and years of hard
    work and dedication to build a rock solid reputation as a legal practitioner. One has to
    burn the midnight oil as nothing happens overnight.
    3) History will judge us not by the number of cases we won, but by the no. of young
    lawyers we trained and empowered and how they contributed to the jurisprudence.
    4) Never take shortcuts no matter how tempting or lucrative they are. Those who run
    after quick money through illegitimate means ultimately perish but those who remain
    disciplined , determined ,seeking and keep their integrity strong ultimately flourish.

    5) In Golden Words of Senior Advocate Mr. Janak Dwarkadas (Bomaby) , “ you will
    learn the art of advocacy only if you Observe! Observe! Observe AND
    ANTICIPATE, ANCTICIPATE AND ANTICIPATE . Observe the court proceedings
    vigilantly and anticipate what queries can possibly be posed by the judge.
    6) Brevity must be observed while making legal submissions in court of law.
    Unfortunately, moot courts in law schools do not teach that. The practice of simplifying a complex legal issue and then presenting it to the court would always be appreciated by the court.

    Get in touch with Jai Lodha-

  • No dispute settlement mechanism is free from problems or misconceptions that surround them, and international commercial arbitration has not been immune from that- Tamal Mandal, Partner, Luthra and Luthra

    No dispute settlement mechanism is free from problems or misconceptions that surround them, and international commercial arbitration has not been immune from that- Tamal Mandal, Partner, Luthra and Luthra

    This interview has been published by Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    To start this conversation, please tell us your motivation behind pursuing law.

    I am from that era when engineering or medicine were the preferred career choices. Hailing from Kharagpur, with the IIT KGP – a stone throw away – the expectation was that I would sit for the JEE. However, it was a chance discussion before the Class 12 board examination with a friend who wanted to pursue law as a career option that piqued my interest in the field.  

    From there, I started my internet research and mind you, at that time around 2004, there were only a handful of National Law Schools (five to be precise). I narrowed down on NUJS, Kolkata and NLSIU, Bangalore. As compared to now, there was not much information available online or offline regarding career options after graduating or even what to expect in the 5 years that I was going to devote in studying and hopefully enjoying my university life. Having decided to become a first-generation lawyer, I took the plunge and appeared for the NUJS entrance test in January 2004 and then the NLSIU test over the summer. To my surprise, I made it to NUJS and the result filtered in just prior to writing my final paper of the ISC (Class 12) board examination. There has been no turning back since then.

    You have extensive experience in international and domestic arbitration, WTO dispute settlement, and commercial litigation. Could you tell us about a case that you found particularly challenging and how you managed to resolve it?

    To my mind, the best part of being a disputes lawyer is the wide array of dispute related work that I have done over the years. Whether it is litigation or arbitration or WTO dispute settlement or investor-state dispute, I can safely say that the core premises more or less remain the same.

    That said, if I have to choose one challenging case that I have worked on in the last 14 years, it has to be an arbitration dispute where I had a tough ask to resist the enforcement of a foreign award rendered in Singapore in an international commercial arbitration from being enforced in India. The client having failed in getting the award set aside in Singapore (which was the seat of the arbitration and whose courts had jurisdiction in setting side proceedings) wanted to contest the enforcement petition filed before the Delhi High Court. I had to work with very limited grounds as Part II of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996 does not provide a wide latitude when it comes to opposing the enforcement of a foreign award. Nonetheless, basis research on the party who had filed for enforcement, some novel arguments on contravention of public policy were formulated and advanced as that party’s (i.e., the claimant in this case) name had been struck of the register of companies by the Registrar prior to the filing of the enforcement petition. In other words, the argument was that an enforcement petition could not have been filed by a non-existent entity and granting enforcement would be contrary to the public policy of India. This is turn led that party to file an application for restoration of the name of the company in which my client filed an application as an intervenor. Eventually, with all the lawyering and proceedings, both the parties opened talks with a view to negotiate a settlement.

    What are some common misconceptions people have about international commercial arbitration? How would you address these misconceptions?

    Arbitration as a mode of dispute settlement has been well received since the days of the Alabama arbitration in 1872. I don’t think there are many disagreements as to the value and efficacy of the process given the amount of party autonomy that is vested and from the fact that a wide variety of disputes (commercial, investment, trade, maritime, etc.) have been resolved using arbitration.  

    That said, no dispute settlement mechanism is free from problems or misconceptions that surround them, and international commercial arbitration has not been immune from that. To my mind, the most common recent criticism or misconception (if I may equate the two) concerns the costs of running with an arbitration. From the arbitrators fees to counsel fees to institution fees, it is true that there has been an uptick in the cost that a party has to bear in choosing to arbitrate a dispute. However, I believe that the cost aspect is often offset by the efficiency of the process which can lead to an arbitral award in a much shorter time frame compared to national court proceedings. Second, “well managing” an arbitration is partly in the hands of the parties and their counsels, and this can bring down costs, for example, agreeing and respecting timelines, having a document only arbitration when the claims are simple and evidence is not required, etc.

    Another common misconception is that a party nominated arbitrator means you have someone on your side. The fact that arbitrators, whether it is the presiding arbitrator or the party nominees, have to be impartial and neutral is the bedrock of arbitration and to expect anything to the contrary is equivalent to discrediting the process itself.

    Lastly, the so-called “standard” arbitration clauses from the past are fast losing their relevance. With the blinding evolution of the laws and processes in international commercial arbitration, having a tailor-made arbitration clause in a contract/agreement that is being negotiated is a must to not only safeguard a party’s right but also add to the efficiency of the process when a dispute materialises later from the performance or non-performance of that contract/agreement.    

    You have worked with the WTO as a Dispute Settlement Lawyer in the Appellate Body Secretariat. Could you explain to us the role of the Appellate Body and how it works within the WTO dispute settlement system?

    The World Trade Organization (WTO), as many of the readers may know, is an intergovernmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland that was established in 1995 and deals with rules of global trade. While one function of the WTO is to negotiate new rules on global trade, the other main function is to resolve disputes between Member States arising from the interpretation and application of the WTO treaties.

    In a first of its kind in the international arena, dispute settlement at the WTO was designed as a two-tiered system. To begin with, if a dispute is not resolved amicably in consultations, a panel of experts (simply called a panel) then decides the dispute that is brought by one WTO Member against another WTO Member alleging that the latter has violated or acted inconsistently with the treaty obligations it took upon itself. A panel issues a ruling which is called the Panel Report. The losing WTO Member has the right to appeal a Panel Report to a standing body of 7 experts who comprise the Appellate Body which at the time of its creation was termed as the jewel in the crown of the WTO. Each Appellate Body Member is appointed for an initial term of 4 years and can be extended for a second 4-year term.  

    The Appellate Body is therefore the final arbiter of disputes between WTO Member States and hands down decisions that are binding upon the litigants. The Appellate Body has the power to consider questions of law raised in an appeal and then to uphold or reverse or modify the panel’s ruling. Each appeal before the Appellate Body is handled by a division of 3 Appellate Body Members in accordance with the timelines prescribed in the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding. The Appellate Body Members are ably assisted by the Appellate Body Secretariat comprised of lawyers and support staff.

    However, since late 2019, the Appellate Body is no longer functional owing to the United States blocking the appointment of Appellate Body Members. Talks are continuing in Geneva on how to resolve this crisis that requires consensus of all WTO Member States. In the meantime, for those who are wondering as to what is happening to any appeal that is filed, sadly panel reports that have been appealed since 2020 are lying still without any adjudication.  

    You are skilled in providing input into policy framing, strategic planning, and decision making. What are some of the challenges you have faced when advising clients on these matters?

    Much of it depends on who the client is. For instance, when the client is a sovereign government, the considerations and challenges are slightly different. In advising Ministers and policy officials who may want a particular policy to be in place, one has to carefully balance articulating the magnitude of legal risk in having such a policy and what could happen if the policy was to be successfully challenged. In such instances, while there may be commercial considerations, the other important consideration is to carefully consider the larger public interest as well reputational risks in having such a policy in place. Thus, there is an inherent balancing act that a lawyer has to perform between, on the one hand legal risks and, on the other, the policy rationale.

    When I have to do the same for a private client, commercial and reputational considerations become the key. And then I have to be upfront about the uncertainty of what may result from litigating/arbitrating a matter vis-à-vis costs of pursuing it, commercially as well as reputation wise. Let me give you an example, while arbitrating a dispute can result in an award relatively quickly, one has to also consider how best to enforce that award, where to enforce that award and how long will that process take. When such considerations are put forth before clients, they appreciate and take that on board and more often than not involve the layer in making a final decision.      

    You have a Master of Laws (LL.M) in International Dispute Settlement. What inspired you to pursue this field of study, and how has it influenced your career?

    From my early days in NUJS, I was pretty certain that I wanted to be a disputes lawyer. So, when I started out with the dispute resolution team at the erstwhile Amarchand & Mangaldas in 2009, I was exposed to a wide variety of proceedings before different forums – from the Supreme Court to district courts, from arbitration to mediation sessions, criminal proceedings, etc. And these varied experiences set off a spark in me to explore the field of international dispute settlement, like proceedings before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), state-to-state dispute settlement at the WTO, investment treaty arbitrations, etc.

    Thus, the MIDS or the LL.M. in International Dispute Settlement offered jointly by the University of Geneva and Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies became the natural choice given the stellar teaching cast and its location in the heart of the practice of international law and diplomacy.

    Be it public or private international law, MIDS provided me with an unparalleled experience in the field of international disputes. The MIDS was pivotal in my subsequent journey as an international disputes lawyer. It provided me with the platform to pursue an internship with the Appellate Body Secretariat which later materialised into a full-time position as a dispute settlement lawyer. My time at the Appellate Body Secretariat was thoroughly exciting given the types and kinds of disputes that came up for consideration at the WTO in addition to the lifelong friends I made while working there. The WTO stint in turn set me up for a position with the UK Government in London to work on UK’s international disputes engagements prior to my return to India where I am currently a Partner in Luthra and Luthra’s dispute resolution practice.

    Lastly, what advice would you give to young lawyers interested in pursuing a career in international trade law and dispute resolution?

    From my experience thus far, I can perhaps offer a couple of insights: first, do try and pursue higher studies from an institution and subject of your liking whether it is in the United States, the UK or mainland Europe or anywhere for that matter. I found my year of reading the LL.M. to be fulfilling not only in terms of what I learnt but also in terms of meeting new people, making new friends and getting to know different cultures especially when batchmates come from across the globe.

    The second piece of insight I have to offer to young lawyers is not to super specialise early on in your legal career. If somebody is interested in dispute resolution, try working on as many aspects of it that you can i.e., do court litigation, do an ad hoc arbitration, do an institutional arbitration, try your hand at tribunal litigation (for example before the CESTAT, NCLT) and better still work on a criminal law matter before the trial courts. Take my case, over the years, I have been lucky do all of the above and that’s why I always consider myself to be a generalist disputes lawyer which I believe has helped me tremendously in the varying roles that I have taken up the last 14 years.

    Get in touch with Tamal Mandal-

  • I believe that more minds need to understand and work on laws to govern emergency technology – Lynn Lazaro, Partner and Head of IP, Kochhar & Co., Bangalore

    I believe that more minds need to understand and work on laws to govern emergency technology – Lynn Lazaro, Partner and Head of IP, Kochhar & Co., Bangalore

    This interview has been published by Priyanka Karwa and The SuperLawyer Team

    Ma’am, as a conversation starter, please tell us reason behind you choosing law as a career? 

    I don’t come from a family of lawyers, so choosing law as a profession wasn’t the typical choice at the time. Law as a career played to my strengths. I was generally a curious child and I enjoyed reading, with a strong sense of self and wanting to do what’s right. Being a lawyer seemed like something I would enjoy for the rest of my life, and I still do 17 years later.

    Could you please elaborate your role as a cross border IP transactional attorney? 

    I assist foreign businesses that want to protect their IP in India, from identifying their IP assets to developing a strategy on how to protect this IP. This could range from a simple trademark or patent filing to a complex contentious dispute. In the transactional space, I assist international companies doing business in India by helping them negotiate the purchase or license of their IP assets. IP law in India has certain nuances that differ from other jurisdictions, particularly with the transfer of IP assets from one entity to another. My experience with these types of transactions has allowed me to provide very specific advice to companies where innovation is part of their business structure.

    How was your experience as a teaching assistant at La Trobe University? And what were your learnings from the same? 

    While I did my masters at university in Melbourne, I got a part time job as a teaching assistant in the same university. The role was to teach third year business students the Australian Corporations Law module. I would take the class with around 100 students in groups of 10-15 a class and go over their class work. It was pretty apparent from the start that these business students had no interest in law and were compelled to take the class as part of their business studies. So, I would set them interactive assignments, like play acting the cases that I needed them to remember. It was the most fun job I’ve had in my life. My biggest learning was not to take life too seriously and that work can be lots of fun.

    What keeps you motivated at work? 

    Motivating oneself is simply perspective. You can look at it as long shifts and mental exhaustion or you can feel the satisfaction of helping a client or winning a case. I choose the latter and that motivates me to put my best foot forward every day. Another huge motivation for me is to explore areas of law that many are afraid to touch, like the Metaverse and AI related concerns. This isn’t brand new; I’ve been watching and learning about this space for a few years now. I believe that more minds need to understand and work on laws to govern emergency technology. I’m very excited for the future.

    How do you spend your time off? 

    Like any other working parent, most of my time off is spent with my kids and their activities. It’s a balance of doing chores and spending time with the family. I have two daughters who will grow up to join other powerful women in the workforce. I am reminded daily of my duty to ensure that I lead by example.

    Coming to last question, any advise you would like to give to the budding lawyer out there?

    I’ve noticed lately that new graduates want jobs in one specific field of law right out of law school. Real world experience is needed for overall growth as a lawyer so my advice to new graduates would be to explore working in different fields of law initially before choosing to specialize in one or the other. Corporate law, in particular, is interconnected and an M&A lawyer with IP experience or a employment lawyer with some M&A experience would have an added advantage.

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