Super Lawyer

Tag: Constitutional law

  • “I began without grand design, yet my early immersion in constitutional law revealed something compelling: a practice that could simultaneously satisfy intellectual rigor and serve consequential social purpose.” – Siddharth Sijoria, Advocate at Supreme Court of India.

    “I began without grand design, yet my early immersion in constitutional law revealed something compelling: a practice that could simultaneously satisfy intellectual rigor and serve consequential social purpose.” – Siddharth Sijoria, Advocate at Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Looking back, what motivated you to pursue law as a career? Did you have a particular vision for yourself when you first started, and were there any formative incidents or mentors who significantly shaped your path?

    Law discovered me rather than the reverse. During my formative years, I found myself deeply absorbed in poetry and literature—disciplines that demand precision in interpretation, sensitivity to nuance, and the ability to wield language as both artistic expression and analytical instrument. Law emerged as the natural culmination of these inclinations, a field where critical reasoning and linguistic precision determine outcomes of profound consequence.

    As a first-generation lawyer, I navigated without inherited wisdom. My education came through careful observation and, ultimately, through the extraordinary fortune of mentorship. During law school, I joined the chambers of the late T.R. Andhyarujina as an intern, spending afternoons and evenings there while attending classes. After graduation, I transitioned to full-time practice under his guidance. His influence proved transformational.

    Mr. Andhyarujina embodied a particular philosophy: that sustainable excellence emerges not from momentary brilliance but from disciplined preparation. His observation—”What a brilliant mind accomplishes in twenty minutes, a methodical mind achieves in thirty, provided it commits to the work”—became foundational to my approach.

    I began without grand design, yet my early immersion in constitutional law revealed something compelling: a practice that could simultaneously satisfy intellectual rigor and serve consequential social purpose. That understanding continues to inform my work today.

    Your LL.M. at Central European University offered a deeply comparative and international perspective on constitutional law. How did this global exposure influence your understanding of Indian jurisprudence?

    My constitutional law foundation was established during my Supreme Court years, working on landmark cases that revealed the sophistication of Indian jurisprudence—particularly our Basic Structure Doctrine, which represents one of India’s most profound contributions to global constitutional thought. When I decided to pursue advanced study, I received offers from several prestigious institutions but chose Central European University, which offered me a scholarship and possessed an unparalleled focus on comparative constitutional analysis.

    The academic experience was transformative. My thesis examined how the Basic Structure Doctrine operates across India, Colombia, and Benin—three democracies grappling with similar challenges of constitutional preservation against majoritarian excess. What emerged was striking: Indian constitutional jurisprudence commands extraordinary international respect. Our Supreme Court’s reasoning isn’t merely cited abroad—it actively shapes constitutional interpretation in courts from Bogotá to Johannesburg.

    This revelation fundamentally altered my understanding of constitutional practice. Indian constitutional law isn’t an isolated national phenomenon but part of a global conversation about democracy, rights, and institutional design. The comparative methodology I learned—analyzing how similar constitutional challenges are resolved across different legal traditions—has become central to how I approach constitutional interpretation. It revealed that while constitutional texts may be national, constitutional principles increasingly transcend borders.

    Working under T.R. Andhyarujina exposed you to landmark constitutional cases. How did that experience shape your litigation philosophy, particularly in handling complex constitutional matters?

    Mr. Andhyarujina approached constitutional interpretation with scientific rigor. He demonstrated that constitutional adjudication represents not rhetorical exercise but systematic methodology—testing state action against established principles while defining the proper relationship between governmental authority and individual liberty.

    The cases themselves were instructive. Yakub Memon v. State of Maharashtra engaged fundamental questions of due process in death penalty jurisprudence, particularly the safeguards surrounding curative and mercy petitions at the final stage. Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India tested the constitutional validity of criminal defamation, requiring the Court to balance free expression with the reputational rights protected under Article 21, and ultimately upholding criminal defamation as a reasonable restriction. State of Karnataka v. Selvi J. Jayalalitha reaffirmed that even a sitting Chief Minister enjoys no immunity from prosecution, emphasizing constitutional accountability. RBI v. Jayantilal N. Mistryadvanced transparency under the RTI Act, holding that the RBI, as a public regulator, cannot shield information behind claims of fiduciary duty. Union of India v. V. Sriharan clarified the distribution of remission powers, underscoring Union primacy in matters implicating terrorism or CBI investigation. Nabam Rebia v. Deputy Speaker addressed the Governor’s discretionary powers in state politics, reaffirming that—save in narrow constitutional exceptions—Governors cannot act independently of ministerial advice, thereby strengthening federalism and the principle of separation of powers.

    Each matter reinforced constitutional law’s practical consequences. Whether protecting individual liberty, defending democratic discourse, ensuring governmental accountability, or preserving federal balance, our arguments carried implications extending far beyond immediate parties. That methodology—meticulous preparation, analytical precision, unwavering constitutional fidelity—continues to guide my approach to complex constitutional matters today.

    After completing your master’s degree, you returned to India and chose to start practice independently. What motivated you to take that path, and what were the major challenges you faced in building your practice?

    I had always aspired to establish my own independent practice. In my view, every lawyer, sooner or later, has to  build their own chamber to truly establish themselves in the profession. Having already gained valuable experience at the Supreme Court and various High Courts, I felt it was the right time to take on greater responsibility. When you practice independently, you are directly accountable to your client—successes and failures alike rest on your shoulders. Unlike in a traditional chamber, where you are guided step by step in filing, drafting, or tracking matters, going independent compels you to learn these processes innately while carrying the full weight of client expectations.

    I went on to establish offices at the Madhya Pradesh High Court, primarily at the Gwalior and Indore Benches, while continuing my work in Delhi. Over the years, I have also been entrusted with significant responsibilities. I was appointed as Additional Advocate for the State of Maharashtra in the Krishna River water dispute following the formation of Telangana. I have been empanelled as Counsel for the State of Madhya Pradesh, and I also regularly represent institutions and industry bodies, including the Indian Association of Hallmarking Centres and other organisations connected with hallmarking regulation. Each of these experiences has enriched my practice and strengthened my resolve to continue balancing litigation with advisory work across diverse forums.

    After building a successful independent practice, what led you to join Clavius Legal? How do you envision the firm’s role in India’s evolving legal landscape?

    After years building independent practice—including state government representations and my appointment as Additional Advocate for Maharashtra in the Krishna River dispute—I reached a threshold where the matters I was handling demanded institutional sophistication commensurate with their complexity and global dimensions.

    Clavius Legal represented something distinctive in the Indian legal market: a boutique firm with genuinely international standards and integrated practice architecture. Aside from a very busy arbitration and white-collar crime practice that is marked by both scale and the magnitude of mandates we handle, we are building a public law, regulatory, and policy practice that increasingly intersects with our dispute resolution work. As India becomes increasingly central to the global economy, legal challenges no longer respect traditional practice boundaries. Modern disputes involving sovereign asset recovery actions, multinational enforcement investigations, or cross-border regulatory matters require teams capable of seamlessly integrating constitutional law, dispute resolution, regulatory expertise, and international legal cooperation.

    The firm’s vision aligns perfectly with contemporary realities. Today’s complex transnational matters—whether involving sovereign states, multinational corporations, or international arbitration—demand scale and sophistication that isolated practitioners simply cannot provide. Working as part of global teams on complex transnational cases has become the norm rather than exception. Our integrated model reflects this understanding: constitutional principles inform commercial disputes; regulatory compliance intersects with international law; dispute resolution increasingly involves multiple jurisdictions and enforcement mechanisms.

    As Practice Co-Chair for both Dispute Resolution and Public Law, Regulatory & Policy, my role involves ensuring that these different practice areas work seamlessly together. When we’re handling a cross-border investigation, for instance, it might simultaneously involve regulatory compliance issues, dispute resolution, and constitutional questions about procedural fairness.

    Alongside litigation, you have maintained an active presence in writing, teaching, and research. How do these engagements complement your courtroom practice?

    In my early years, I often read columns by eminent lawyers who could distill complex legal issues into short, sharp pieces. When I first attempted to write during my college days, I realized how difficult it actually was. Over time, and after several failed attempts, I began publishing articles in newspapers. That discipline of concise writing has greatly helped me in practice, especially in drafting synopses for the High Court and Supreme Court, where the ability to present arguments briefly and persuasively is crucial.

    I have always believed that writing, research, and teaching are integral to legal practice. They keep one updated on developments in the law while also strengthening analytical clarity. Even today, I remain engaged in such work—most recently with the Commonwealth Lawyers Association and the Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Centre, where we are working on a series of publications to mark 75 years of the Indian Constitution. Academic engagement and international conferences also provide opportunities to exchange ideas and learn from colleagues worldwide, which in turn enriches my courtroom advocacy.

    Teaching forces intellectual discipline—you cannot explain constitutional principles clearly unless you have mastered them yourself. Writing requires precision of expression. Both skills prove indispensable in advocacy, where clarity is paramount and time is often scarce.

    How does your international engagement, particularly through the Commonwealth Lawyers Association, enhance your practice?

    My role as Co-Chair of the Young Commonwealth Lawyers Organisation provided invaluable exposure to legal challenges across fifty-four jurisdictions while building networks essential for contemporary practice. The position involved creating platforms for professional dialogue, organizing training programs, and facilitating knowledge exchange.

    The collaboration opportunities proved particularly meaningful. Meeting the President of the Gambian Bar at our Goa conference led to involvement in constitutional amendment projects and subsequently to representing the Bar against Maiden Pharmaceuticals after contaminated cough syrup exports tragically caused over seventy children’s deaths in Gambia. These experiences underscore how international engagement enriches domestic practice while building capabilities essential for cross-border matters.

    This global perspective has become indispensable in modern practice. Matters routinely involve multiple legal systems—whether handling sovereign asset recovery actions, managing international arbitrations, or coordinating transnational enforcement proceedings. Working as part of global legal teams requires a deep understanding of how constitutional principles, due process requirements, and legal procedures translate across jurisdictions.

    Your practice spans constitutional law, criminal law, arbitration, and regulatory disputes. How does your constitutional grounding influence your approach across these varied areas?

    For me, the Constitution is not confined to writ petitions—it is the foundation that underpins every area of law. Whether I am arguing a criminal matter, an arbitration, or a regulatory dispute, I see the Constitution as the lens through which questions of fairness, due process, and accountability are assessed.

    In criminal cases, constitutional protections—like liberty, dignity, and safeguards against abuse of process—guide how I build defenses. Due process requirements are particularly crucial when representing individuals in white-collar investigations or enforcement proceedings, where constitutional safeguards must be rigorously protected against arbitrary state action. In arbitration and regulatory disputes, constitutional values inform arguments about equality, reasonableness, or the limits of executive power when regulatory aspects are involved.

    Even highly technical cases, such as hallmarking compliance or river water disputes, ultimately return to constitutional principles: how authority is exercised, whether discretion is checked, and whether justice is delivered consistently with rule of law.

    This constitutional grounding provides a unifying framework across diverse practice areas. Modern legal challenges increasingly span multiple disciplines—a regulatory investigation might involve constitutional law, enforcement proceedings, and policy advocacy simultaneously.

    What has been among your most challenging cases, and what lessons did they offer about modern legal practice?

    Every case brings its own challenges, but two stand out for me personally. The December 2021 nationwide protests by hallmarking centers presented extraordinary challenges. When the Bureau of Indian Standards suddenly imposed stringent compliance requirements—demanding costly upgrades while vesting broad discretionary authority in regulators—the entire industry faced potential shutdown. Courts typically hesitate to intervene in technical regulatory matters, yet representing an entire industry carries immense responsibility. Securing comprehensive protection from the Delhi High Court provided crucial relief during a critical period.

    Another case involved defending an individual falsely implicated in criminal proceedings. Drawing on Paramveer Singh Saini v. Baljit Singh—which mandates preserving police station CCTV footage to prevent custodial abuse—I convinced the Madhya Pradesh High Court to direct production of crucial evidence. The case illustrated how constitutional protections, when effectively invoked, can provide genuine relief against injustice while reinforcing due process fundamentals.

    Both matters demonstrated essential lessons about contemporary practice. Effective advocacy increasingly requires understanding technical regulatory frameworks alongside constitutional protections. Moreover, the scale and complexity of modern legal challenges make collaboration across practice areas not merely beneficial but necessary.

    What advice would you offer young lawyers aspiring to excellence in litigation and public law?

    Legal advice cannot be universal—every practitioner navigates unique circumstances and opportunities. However, certain principles prove consistently valuable. Young lawyers must cultivate genuine confidence grounded in rigorous preparation. Establish clear professional vision and develop systematic approaches for achieving defined objectives.

    Preparation remains paramount in litigation. Master both factual details and legal doctrine comprehensively. I learned through experience never to study only provisions directly relevant to immediate arguments—judges frequently pose questions whose answers lie in statutory sections you might otherwise overlook. Complete command of governing law and factual circumstances enables confident responses to both complex inquiries and seemingly simple questions.

    Cultivate disciplined reading habits, careful observation skills, and systematic preparation methodologies. Seek meaningful mentorship—finding seniors willing to teach makes a profound difference, though such opportunities often involve timing and persistence.

    Most importantly for contemporary practice, embrace collaborative approaches. Modern legal work transcends traditional boundaries. Constitutional challenges require understanding of regulatory frameworks; white-collar defense involves international enforcement cooperation; policy advocacy often connects to enforcement proceedings. Working as part of global teams on complex transnational cases demands ability to collaborate seamlessly across practice areas while maintaining doctrinal precision and constitutional grounding.

    Above all, remain perpetually curious about legal developments and committed to continuous learning.

    How do you maintain perspective and balance in such a demanding profession?

    Constitutional law provides inherent perspective. Regular engagement with fundamental questions of governance, liberty, and justice situates individual cases—regardless of complexity—within larger frameworks of professional purpose and social consequence.

    I sustain balance through continued teaching, writing, and mentoring activities. These pursuits remind me that legal practice ultimately serves purposes transcending individual professional achievement—service to clients, to institutional integrity, and to constitutional democracy itself.

    The collaborative nature of modern practice also helps. Complex matters require coordination across multiple disciplines, transforming pressure into shared intellectual engagement. Whether ensuring due process protections in enforcement proceedings or defending constitutional principles in regulatory matters, this collegial approach makes demanding challenges stimulating rather than merely stressful.

    Ultimately, remembering that constitutional law concerns human dignity and democratic governance provides both grounding and meaning beyond professional success. That larger purpose sustains one through the most demanding cases while reinforcing why this work matters.

    Get in touch with Siddharth Sijoria –

  • “Reflecting on my journey, from a wide-eyed intern in Mr. Jethmalani’s chambers to leading Asal Legal Solution LLP, my greatest takeaway is that advocacy is a blend of conviction and compassion.” – Akash Kakade, Advocate Supreme Court of India.

    “Reflecting on my journey, from a wide-eyed intern in Mr. Jethmalani’s chambers to leading Asal Legal Solution LLP, my greatest takeaway is that advocacy is a blend of conviction and compassion.” – Akash Kakade, Advocate Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Early in your career, you had the opportunity to work with various big names in the legal field. What were some of the most enriching experiences from those formative years that deepened your passion for the legal profession?

    The privilege of working under legal titans like Mr. Ram Jethmalani and Mr. Fali S. Nariman during my early years was akin to stepping into a masterclass in advocacy. In 2007, while interning with Mr. Jethmalani, I was thrust into the frenetic pace of a high-profile criminal case at the Supreme Court. I vividly recall his electrifying presence in court, where he dismantled a prosecution’s argument with razor-sharp logic and an almost theatrical flair. One evening, as we prepared for a hearing in the high-profile Jessica Lall murder case, he shared a gem: “The law is not just about statutes; it’s about storytelling that moves hearts and minds.” This perspective transformed my understanding of advocacy, igniting a passion for crafting compelling narratives grounded in legal rigor.

    Similarly, in 2009, assisting Mr. Nariman on a constitutional matter was a revelation. His meticulous analysis of Article 14 during a late-night briefing session taught me the art of weaving constitutional principles into practical arguments. Watching him argue before a Constitution Bench, I saw how his calm demeanour and scholarly depth commanded respect, reinforcing my belief that advocacy is as much about integrity as it is about intellect. These experiences cemented my love for the courtroom, where law becomes a living instrument of justice. I also remember an incidence where he asked me to draft something several times thereafter just near my breakpoint, asked me to get all the drafts and approved the 1st draft which I had shared saying it was the best one and I ought to have shown it to him. I didn’t understand the meaning of it then, however over a period of time I realised he taught me several valuable professional and life lessons through it.

    Your academic and professional background is both impressive and diverse. Could you take us back to the initial experiences that sparked your interest in the field of law?

    My fascination with law was born when our family friend Mr Jethmalani visited our home at Nagpur and there were tons of people there to visit him. I belong to a freedom fighters family and a family which has always been into social work, i was used to people visiting home. However people visiting Mr Jethmalani had a different approach and the respect commanded by him simply left an everlasting and permanent impression on me. He asked me “what I want to become when I grow up?”, I naively asked him, “what do you do?”, to which he said “I am a lawyer son”, so I promptly replied that I want to become a lawyer as well. That is the 1st time I said that and it was etched in my mind since then, as a teenager in 2001. That moment was electric, it showed me the law’s power to uplift the voiceless and the respect one commands with being true to one’s profession. My school debates on issues like caste discrimination and women’s rights further fueled this spark, as I realized advocacy could bridge ideals and action.

    This conviction led me to pursue a B.A. LL.B. at RTM Nagpur University, where I immersed myself in moot courts and legal aid clinics. A particularly memorable experience was organizing a legal awareness camp for rural farmers and downtrodden on the occasion of Dusshera Festival in Nagpur under the aegis of our political science professor , where I explained various faucets of laws in Marathi, my mother tongue. Seeing their faces light up with newfound understanding solidified my resolve to make law accessible and impactful, setting the course for my career.

    Your educational journey from RTM Nagpur University to Queen Mary University of London is inspiring. What motivated you to pursue an LL.M. in Commercial and Corporate Law abroad, and in what ways has that international exposure shaped your current practice before the Supreme Court of India?

    The decision to pursue an LL.M. at Queen Mary University of London was driven by a realization that India’s legal landscape was becoming increasingly globalized. By 2010, I had seen how multinational corporations and cross-border disputes were reshaping commercial litigation in India. I chose Queen Mary for its reputation in international commercial law and arbitration, aiming to master the nuances of global legal frameworks. The program’s modules, International Commercial Arbitration, Commercial Conflict of Laws, and Intellectual Property in Creative Industries, were intellectually exhilarating, challenging me to think beyond Indian jurisprudence.

    A defining moment was my dissertation on pre-arbitral interim relief, which required analysing cases from multiple jurisdictions. This global perspective proved invaluable when I returned to India. For instance, in the ABG Shipyard Swiss Challenge Process case at the Supreme Court, my understanding of international insolvency frameworks allowed me to craft arguments that aligned Indian law with global best practices. My London experience also honed my ability to navigate cultural and legal diversity, enabling me to represent clients like PT. Bara Daya Energi etc. with confidence. Today, this international lens informs my Supreme Court practice, blending global insights with constitutional rigor.

    You’ve appeared in several high-profile Constitution Bench matters, including the EWS Reservation and PMLA Validity cases. How have such landmark litigations influenced your legal philosophy and approach to constitutional interpretation?

    Appearing in Constitution Bench matters like the EWS Reservation and Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) Validity cases has been a humbling and transformative journey. The EWS case, which upheld reservations for economically weaker sections, taught me the importance of purposive interpretation to advance social justice. I recall a heated courtroom exchange where we debated the balance between equality and affirmative action, moments that underscored the Constitution’s role as a living document adapting to societal needs.

    The PMLA case, challenging the validity of stringent anti-money laundering provisions, was equally profound. It highlighted the delicate interplay between state power and individual liberties, shaping my belief in proportionality as a cornerstone of constitutional interpretation. These cases have instilled a legal philosophy that views the Constitution as a dynamic framework, requiring advocates to harmonize fundamental rights with directive principles. My approach now emphasizes rigorous research, contextual analysis, and a commitment to ensuring that constitutional interpretations serve both justice and the public good.

    As the Founding Managing Partner of Asal Legal Solution LLP, how do you navigate the demands of leadership while actively engaging in high-stakes litigation before the Supreme Court? What motivated you to establish your own practice in the first place?

    Leading Asal Legal Solution LLP while litigating before the Supreme Court demands a delicate balance of vision, discipline, and teamwork. As Founding Managing Partner since, I’ve built a firm that thrives on collaboration and innovation. I delegate research and drafting to a talented team of associates, empowering them to take ownership while I focus on courtroom advocacy and strategy. We use case management software (Libra) to streamline workflows, ensuring I can prepare for high-stakes cases like the Maratha Reservation matter without compromising firm operations. Evening team meetings foster open communication, allowing us to tackle complex cases with agility.

    My motivation to establish Asal Legal stemmed from a desire to create a practice that blends ethical advocacy with client-centric innovation. After years at Desai & Associates, I saw an opportunity to address gaps in legal services, particularly for clients navigating both Indian and international jurisdictions. Founding my own firm allowed me to take on diverse cases, from constitutional benches to international arbitrations, while mentoring the next generation of advocates. This independence has been liberating, enabling me to shape a legacy of impactful litigation.

    Your consistent involvement in social initiatives, particularly through the Maratha Sewa Sangh, reflects a strong commitment to public service. How do you strike a balance between your legal practice and social responsibilities?

    My involvement with Maratha Sewa Sangh and other initiatives is a natural extension of my belief that law must serve society and as a member of society one must give back to the society. As President of its Legal Cell since 2023, I’ve spearheaded legal aid camps and policy advocacy for marginalized communities, often working late evenings after court hours. For instance, organizing the first All India Conference for Rashtriya Maratha Seva Sangh was a logistical challenge, but my team’s support at Asal Legal ensured seamless coordination. I allocate specific days for social initiatives, using weekends for community outreach while reserving weekdays for litigation.

    This balance is fuelled by my conviction that legal expertise carries a responsibility to uplift. My team handles routine legal tasks, freeing me to draft policy recommendations or write columns for Organiser and Kashmir Canvas. These activities recharge me, as the gratitude of a farmer understanding his land rights or a student inspired by a legal talk mirrors the fulfilment I find in courtroom victories. This synergy ensures that my legal practice and social commitments reinforce each other.

    For law students aspiring to build a litigation practice like yours, what advice would you offer? What skills, mindset, or resources do you believe are essential for excelling in this demanding field?

    To law students dreaming of a litigation career, my advice is to embrace the grind with passion and purpose. Litigation is a marathon, not a sprint, so cultivate resilience to navigate setbacks like losing a case or facing a tough bench. Key skills include:

    • Legal Research: Be well versed with law and for that master platforms like SCC Online in order to build airtight arguments.
    • Drafting: Hone the art of concise, persuasive pleadings, every word matters in court.
    • Oral Advocacy: Practice clarity and confidence through moot courts and mock trials.
    • Networking: Seek mentorship from senior advocates; my internships with Mr. Jethmalani and others were game-changers.

    Adopt a growth mindset, view challenges as opportunities to learn as was taught to be by Mr Nariman. Early in my career, a dismissed petition taught me to anticipate judicial perspectives, sharpening my strategy. Resources like legal journals, bar association seminars, and internships in litigation chambers are invaluable. Above all, uphold integrity and empathy; clients trust advocates who fight for their cause with heart. Stay curious, stay ethical, and let your passion for justice drive you.

    Litigation can be incredibly intense and high-pressure. How do you manage the stress that comes with maintaining a rigorous legal practice, and what do you do to safeguard your mental well-being?

    The intensity of Supreme Court litigation, where deadlines loom and stakes soar, demands a robust approach to stress management. I start each day with 30 minutes of yoga and meditation, a ritual that grounds me and sharpens focus. A particularly vivid memory is meditating before arguing the auction case, which calmed my nerves and clarified my arguments. Regular runs in Talkatora Gardens and a disciplined diet keep me physically resilient, countering the sedentary demands of legal work.

    Professionally, I rely on my team at Asal Legal to share the load, delegating research and filings to avoid burnout. I set boundaries, reserving evenings for family or reading historical biographies, which offer perspective on life’s pressures. My social initiatives, like blood donation camps with Maratha Sewa Sangh, are surprisingly rejuvenating, helping others reminds me of the law’s broader purpose. These practices, combined with a supportive network of peers, ensure I thrive in the high-pressure world of litigation.

    Looking back at your journey so far from internships with iconic legal figures to leading your own firm, what has been your biggest takeaway or guiding principle as a legal professional?

    Reflecting on my journey, from a wide-eyed intern in Mr. Jethmalani’s chambers to leading Asal Legal Solution LLP, my greatest takeaway is that advocacy is a blend of conviction and compassion. Whether arguing a marathon case or advising a small business like ILA Naturals, I’ve learned that the law’s true power lies in its ability to humanize disputes. My guiding principle is to approach every case with unwavering integrity and a deep understanding of the client’s story. This means not just winning arguments but ensuring justice resonates, whether for a corporation or a community. This ethos, forged through years of mentorship and practice, drives me to leave a lasting impact on both law and lives.

    Get in touch with Akash Kakade –

  • “Machine learning technology is rapidly evolving, and I believe the current consent-based approach to data privacy will be tested.” – Vishwajith Sadananda, Founder & Lead Counsel at Sadananda & Prasad, Advocates.

    “Machine learning technology is rapidly evolving, and I believe the current consent-based approach to data privacy will be tested.” – Vishwajith Sadananda, Founder & Lead Counsel at Sadananda & Prasad, Advocates.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With nearly 12 years of impressive experience in the legal field, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? Which aspects of the profession resonated with you the most, and how did your time at NALSAR University of Law shape your legal journey?

    I wish I had a more elevated answer to give you on what inspired me to become a lawyer. I think I was 10 years old when I got into a playful argument with my uncle. His son in law watched the entire episode and causally remarked that I should become a lawyer. I said “sure” and from that day I didn’t even conceive of an alternative career. In short, I have my brother in law to credit (or blame, depending on how the day is going). 

    The way I’ve looked at the profession has changed quite a bit from the time I chose to become a lawyer. Like many other first generation lawyers, my understanding of what a lawyer does was informed by TV shows, movies and books. Of course, NALSAR and my internships during my time in law school made me realise the difference between fiction and reality. During my five years in law school, I was fairly certain that I would litigate – though for the longest time I don’t think I really knew why. Quite naively, I conceived of a career as a lawyer from only two perspectives – litigating lawyer and transactional lawyer.  I had tried my hand at corporate law during my internships, and by the process of elimination I knew I did not want to become a transactional lawyer. I also had a keen interest in debating and public speaking, so  a career that enabled me to speak to an audience daily for living seemed the right fit. 

    Your LL.M. studies at the prestigious University of Michigan Law School must have been a transformative experience. How did those studies influence your practice, particularly in the fields of competition law, constitutional law, and criminal justice? Were there any specific courses or professors whose impact on your legal career has been particularly significant?

    My LLM program at the University of Michigan Law School was both enriching and perhaps one of the toughest things I’ve done in my life. While I can’t say for sure if the content of the law that I learnt has impacted my career (yet), Michigan Law’s emphasis on teaching you to think like a lawyer definitely has. The professors who taught me the courses were experts at the Socratic method, and each day and each class felt like a very public final exam. Particularly, courses by Prof Don Herzog (Political Corruption), Prof Eve Primus (Criminal Procedure) and Prof Richard Primus (Constitutional Law) were life changing. The professors focused more on making us think of a legal argument from both sides seamlessly and sharpen our legal reasoning abilities.  I also got the opportunity to take up courses outside the law school, and had the privilege to be selected for a leadership program by the Stephen M Ross School of Business. So I also got to learn a lot outside the law in Michigan. 

    Having had the privilege to work with eminent legal figures such as Mr. P.S. Narasimha, the Additional Solicitor General of India, and Justice Dr. S. Muralidhar at the Delhi High Court, what were the key lessons you learned from them? How did these experiences shape your approach to the practice of law, and which habits or skills from these mentors have you integrated into your own professional style?

    After NALSAR, I joined Dr. S. Muralidhar, then Judge of the Delhi High Court, as his law clerk for a year. I believe I started to think seriously about the context of the law – and its nuts and bolts – only after joining his office. More importantly, the biggest lesson I learnt during my time as his clerk was that the profession isn’t about me – it isn’t about how I am perceived in court while arguing, how much fame and fortune I get through being a lawyer, or how many important cases I’ve done, but about who I represent and their lived reality.

    Carrying this understanding of the profession, I next joined the chambers of Mr. PS Narasimha, then the Additional Solicitor General of India, for two years before I left for my LL.M. In those two years, I had the chance to be part of some landmark cases like the challenge to the NJAC and the challenge to criminal defamation laws. Working with Mr. PS Narasimha — now Justice Narasimha — was a fantastic experience, as I learnt how to at once look at the big picture while handling a case and analyse precedent granularly. 

    Perhaps most importantly, working under both of them taught me about the value of giving space to a junior lawyer – space to think, to express himself, and to have the freedom to be wrong.

    You have represented a Member of Parliament before the High Court of Karnataka in a public interest litigation challenging the orders issued under Section 144 CrPC by the Government of Karnataka in Bengaluru. What were the key legal arguments you put forth in the case, and how did you navigate the complexities and high stakes involved in such a significant matter?

    When the client approached us, given the time sensitivities involved, we only had about three or four hours to draft, file, get the matter listed and brief our senior counsel.  But despite the short timelines and the pressure of getting the matter heard on time, a bunch of  counsel who were representing similar petitioners got together and helped us in the process of filing and listing the matter – exemplifying the collaborative nature of litigation in general, and our bar in particular.   

    In terms of the merits of the matter, our petition started off focusing on constructing arguments on the values that the Constitution espouses and the meaning of the right to free speech and the right to protest. However, at the time of briefing and during arguments, our senior counsel decided to take a more practical approach to the matter by arguing on administrative law grounds – specifically, whether the orders were issued in a procedurally proper manner, and with reasons. This taught us the value of knowing when to call on a bench to make value-laden calls on the content of rights like free speech and the right to protest, and when to just focus on more objective standards of what the letter of the law permits and prohibits. This approach eventually helped the petitioners win the case, and made me realise the merit of developing tightly reasoned and irrefutable arguments — far from the type that make headlines.

    After working with a range of esteemed lawyers and law firms, what motivated you to establish your own practice? What were some of the initial challenges you faced in this transition, and how did you overcome them to establish a successful practice?

    Whether I’ve established a successful practice is for time to tell. I suppose I, like most litigating lawyers, always wanted to set up my own practice after working for a few years under someone. And as many litigators will tell you, a big part of being a litigating lawyer is being at the right place and at the right time. Before setting up my own practice, I had the chance to handle some of my own clients while being part of Arista Chambers, run by Promod Nair – now a senior counsel — in 2019. During my time at Arista, I slowly built up a base of clients largely through word of mouth. Then Covid hit and a lot changed. By January 2021, it felt like the time was right to start my own practice.

    The real challenge that I faced – and perhaps continue to face – is more internal than anything that involves the actual practice of the law. I don’t know if this is an experience every other litigator has but, for me, I kept (or keep) changing the goalposts. Initially, when I started off, my concerns were about the number of clients and matters I had; this soon changed, and I started to worry about whether I was earning enough to stay on top of things. Very quickly, I moved on to worrying about the kind of matters I was doing and how much of a role I had in various matters. Rinse, repeat. So, essentially, I found myself stressing about different things relating to a career in litigation. Today, I guess I’ve become a bit better at getting some distance from all this, but I would be lying if I said I’ve completely moved beyond these challenges.

    You’ve represented an AI startup in the past. How do you see the future of AI and technology law evolving, particularly in relation to intellectual property rights, data privacy, and regulatory frameworks? What challenges do you anticipate in balancing innovation with legal protections in this rapidly advancing field?

    This may sound like a cliché, but the biggest challenge, I suppose, will be to see whether the law can keep up with technology that appears to be evolving every few months. We’re already seeing this play out live in the Delhi High Court with ANI taking OpenAI to court for copyright infringement. It’ll be interesting to see how the court applies the current copyright regime to deal with technology that was not even conceived at the time the legislation was enacted. The same goes for data privacy. Machine learning technology is rapidly evolving, and I believe the current consent-based approach to data privacy will be tested. I’m not sure how consent can be practically obtained for every instance of use of data when you consider how Gen-AI repurposes data continuously for new outcomes. We may therefore need to imagine a different, more comprehensive data privacy framework for machine learning – or perhaps a separate regulation policy – which not only accounts for the growth and development of the sector, but also keeps at its centre the individual whom the sector is supposed to ultimately serve.

    With your extensive experience spanning constitutional law, commercial disputes, and more, what aspects of the litigation field continue to inspire and drive you? Looking ahead, what vision do you have for both your own career and the future of your firm and how do you balance your personal life with such a demanding career? 

    Three aspects mainly – firstly, I absolutely love the theatre of it all. I like thinking about the delivery of the argument, what style works before which judge, what the judge is thinking at any given point, how to craft the argument before the delivery, and finally the actual delivery of the argument. Secondly, no two days in litigation are the same. One day we are fighting a contentious shareholder dispute; the next day we are going up against the state to protect a farmer’s rights. I’m not sure there are very many professions that enable such diversity in work. Thirdly, every once in a while, you get to represent someone who has been left out by the system. 

    My interest in litigation naturally extends to wanting to nurture those who will shape its future (something I’ve gained immensely from thanks to my previous bosses). At Sadananda & Prasad, we’ve been trying to make it a sort of incubation chamber for future lawyers and a safe space to develop as a lawyer. I believe every good litigator eventually has the dream of starting off on their own, and we hope to create a space where lawyers can come, learn, and start to grow their own practice while not being afraid to fail. That is our vision, and we hope in time this vision is realised.

    Of course, dedication to this vision, and to the profession as a whole, is demanding. That naturally leads to the question of personal balance. I used to try to unwind by either playing a sport or noodling on the guitar or piano. Now I have a 16-month-old, and I spend a significant chunk of my time pretending to be a monkey for her sake. Truth be told, personally, nothing is more stress-relieving.

    What advice would you give to law students aspiring to build a career like yours? What key skills or qualities do you believe are essential for success in these fields? Your journey serves as an inspiration for many, and any advice from you would be invaluable to aspiring legal professionals.

    The role of luck is frankly quite underrated. You may be the best legal mind in the room but still not get the opportunities to showcase it merely because it just isn’t your time. I’ve seen far better lawyers than me give up on litigation simply because of this. So my advice to aspiring litigators would be to just wait for it and don’t give up. Be patient and equanimous. Everyone’s time comes in litigation. In the meantime, be prepared for that moment. Observe and learn from your seniors and peers; know the law – the letter of the law, its logic, and finally its actual practice, so that when your chance comes – which it will – you’re ready to take it. And as my ex-boss often insisted, remember, it’s not about you.

    Get in touch with Vishwajith Sadananda –

  • “I’ve learned from my seniors that no brief should be refused on the grounds of scale or fee. No matter is too small, and every litigant deserves a chance.” – Vishesh Wadhwa, Founder of Vishesh Wadhwa Chambers.

    “I’ve learned from my seniors that no brief should be refused on the grounds of scale or fee. No matter is too small, and every litigant deserves a chance.” – Vishesh Wadhwa, Founder of Vishesh Wadhwa Chambers.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Your academic journey has clearly provided a strong foundation for your legal career. Could  you kindly share how these early academic experiences influenced your decision to pursue law, and what valuable lessons you gained during that time? 

    From a very early age, I was fortunate to be surrounded by the world of law. My father, Mr. R.K.  Wadhwa, a practicing lawyer, served as a constant source of inspiration and familiarity with the legal  system. Law, in that sense, didn’t come to me as a sudden career decision, it seeped into my life  gradually. The exposure at home planted the seed, even though, at one point, I had briefly considered  exploring a different path. 

    Thereafter during my days in Modern School, where I made a somewhat unconventional choice to  pursue Humanities, at a time when the stream was often misunderstood or even looked down upon. But  I had no inclination toward Physics, Chemistry, or Math. I was genuinely drawn to subjects like Political  Science and Psychology, which resonated with my interests. It was during this period that my interest  in law was truly solidified. My School also offered an intellectual environment. Being surrounded by  accomplished alumni, including legal luminaries, only deepened my resolve. 

    My journey continued at Amity Law School, which was still in its formative years, I belonged to the  fifth batch. The atmosphere was dynamic; our seniors had built the foundation for various  extracurricular societies, and soon, the baton was passed to us. I was deeply involved in debates, and  with encouragement from peers and mentors, I went on to found the Amity Law School Debating  Society. My passion for expression and the performing arts led me to also co-found the Music and  Theatre Society and become part of the Cultural Society. I actively participated in national-level moot  court competitions, and led contingents representing ALS at institutions like NALSAR, BITS Pilani,  and Symbiosis Pune. 

    I also realised that sometimes it’s not the ‘Big Wins’; But, the small victories that matter. Around my  Fourth year, Amity didn’t have its own logo at the time—it functioned under the larger Amity University  banner. But that lack of identity stirred something in me. I wanted ALS to have its own unique presence.  With support from then-Director Maj. General Nilendra Kumar, I conceptualized and designed the  official logo for ALS. 

    Having gained valuable experience through various internships and legal research positions  in the early stages of your career. Would you be able to share some of the most impactful or memorable experiences from that period and how they helped shape your understanding of the  law? 

    Internships were where theory met reality for me. I had the chance to intern with a wide variety of legal  offices, law firms, individual practitioners, and chambers. Each setting brought with it a unique learning  curve, and I quickly realized that no amount of classroom education could substitute for the practical  experience of being in court. In courts, you’re constantly thinking on your feet. You’re taught to use  every resource at your disposal—even when you walk into a courtroom with seemingly nothing. The  unpredictability trains you to stay alert, adaptable, and resourceful. 

    After graduating, I spent some time working with my father in the trial courts. It was a hands-on  experience that introduced me to the ground realities. My father had a purely criminal practice, he was  mostly briefed from the defence side to conduct cross-examinations which in a way, gave me deep  insights into trial work and how a criminal case is methodically built. It was an education like no  other. He used to tell me “Agar aap vakalat ko 2 din chhodoge to wo aapko 4 din peeche karegi.” —if you  step away from law for two days, it will set you back by four. And I felt the truth of that every time I  missed a day in court. Sometimes, even when you might not have a matter of your own, you still have to come to court even if you spend the day just sitting in the court library or listening to arguments in  someone else’s matter; that can at times teach you more than a lecture ever could.

    Soon after, I began assisting Mr. Sudhir Nandrajog in the High Court. He had this saying that stuck with  me: “If you’re good at law, you hammer the law. If you’re good at facts, you hammer the facts. If you’re  good at neither, you hammer the table.” It was humorous on the surface, but layered with insight. The  latter is one of the most important characteristics to have in a lawyer, where you put forward your  submissions to the Court knowing you might not be very strong either on the facts or on the law. This  is where your oratory skills and imaginations are used the most. 

    The early years are all about being a sponge. You absorb everything, from your seniors, your peers,  your juniors, and even opposing counsel. Every moment in court, even the bad one’s like every heated  exchange, every procedural hiccup prepares you for tomorrow. At times you might just be learning what  not to do the next time around. Whether you’re waiting for your matter to be called or spending time in  the Bar Room listening to seasoned lawyers dissect a point of law—it’s all part of your training. 

    Having worked alongside numerous esteemed Advocates and Senior Advocates, what inspired  you to establish your own practice? If you don’t mind sharing, were there any particular  challenges you faced when setting up your own firm in the initial stages? 

    Although I had worked with seniors in the field for some time including my Father, I still had the urge  to carve out something of my own. I wanted to build my own practice that reflected my ideals and my  name.  

    Of course, it wasn’t easy. The initial phase was lean, money was tight, clients were few, and everything  had to be managed singlehandedly. I didn’t have a team, or even support staff. No clerk, no office boy.  I was everything rolled into one; I was managing the files, doing the drafting, attending court, and at  times, even cleaning out my office. But that struggle, in hindsight, is what keeps you grounded and  makes you realise your worth. Despite those strenuous years, I would not trade it for anything. Having  your own practice comes with a sense of freedom which would give me the space to shape my identity  as a lawyer. 

    Twelve years on, I still consider myself a student of the profession. Every single day teaches you  something new. What I’ve come to realize is that a litigation office is a lot like a household. While you  might think of yourself as the head of the family, it’s the clerk who keeps the house running (who  actually governs everything and makes you feel the void if on leave), It’s the seniors who offer  perspective and grounding, and Your colleagues (the infamous Juniors, as people call them in this  profession); they help you out the most when you’re in an uncomfortable situation before a Judge and  teach you things which even a senior can’t teach you. These lessons, some learnt the hard way, have  formed the cornerstone of my independent practice. And even with all the unpredictability, I wouldn’t  trade this journey for anything. 

    Your involvement in pro bono work across a variety of legal sectors is truly commendable.  What motivates you to take on such cases, and if you would be willing, could you share a specific  instance where your pro bono work made a significant difference in someone’s life? 

    Pro bono work has always held a deeply personal significance for me. I believe that if the legal  profession has given you the privilege of a voice in a courtroom, the least you can do is use it for those  who cannot afford to be heard. Every human doesn’t come with resources, but everyone needs to be  represented; and I do believe that having some degree of privilege, it is our bounden duty to represent  their side of the stories and some of those stories stay with you forever. 

    The least a lawyer can do is give back to the society; because every client/ litigant who is seeking legal assistance cannot afford to spend heavily on counsel. I’ve learned from my seniors that no brief should be refused on the grounds of scale or fee. No matter is too small, and every litigant deserves a chance. That ethos continues to guide my practice.

    One such case was that of a man, whose young son, about 21-year-old boy, working as a young air  conditioning technician for DTC Buses, was brutally murdered in broad daylight. The father, who was  a rickshaw driver, and his wife, had been running from one police station to another, and despite the  gravity of the crime, no FIR had been registered. They were absolutely desolate and hopeless and not  in a position to afford any legal representation. They came to me through a Local Help who knew me  as somebody who would be willing to help them. I wanted to help them in whatever way I could extend.  You can’t take empathy out of this profession.  

    Another matter that stands out was a case involving slum demolition. Entire families approached me, numbers running into 100s; their homes, slums were to be demolished overnight and entire families  were to be displaced, without notice or recourse. My entire Team sat through the Night and we got relief the next day. The gratitude and blessings that those people felt is something that reminded me  why I did and what I did in the first place. These were more than just legal battles; Situations like these  reaffirmed my belief that the law must be a tool for justice, not just procedure. 

    With your extensive experience working with high-profile clients and handling numerous  reported judgments, could you share a particularly interesting or noteworthy case that has had a  lasting impact on you professionally? 

    One of the most impactful cases I handled came just a year and a half into my legal practice. A senior  lawyer referred the matter to me, since the client was in an urgent and vulnerable situation. It involved  a French national, residing in the UK, who had been in a live-in relationship with an Indian man. They  had a child together, and by mutual agreement, the child would visit the Father’s family in India for  short periods. However, during one such visit, the father refused to let the child return. The mother,  distraught and left with no recourse, flew to Delhi to seek legal assistance. That’s when I was brought  on board. 

    I had never handled a Habeas Corpus petition before, but we knew we had to act quickly. We spent the  night researching and drafting the petition. We mentioned the matter urgently the next day. The father  eventually appeared before the court, bringing the child with him. One of our other prayers was seeking  the custody of the Child for the mother, but the court was initially hesitant, as the scope of habeas corpus  petitions is generally limited. However, we showed precedents which recognized that in exceptional  circumstances, custody could be addressed within Habeas proceedings. 

    The court, after hearing our arguments, showed indulgence in the facts; The court also intervened to  ensure the mother’s visa extension was considered on priority, so that she could stay in India and contest  the proceedings. Within just two to three hearings, the matter was settled in our favour, and the child  was allowed to return to the UK with the mother. 

    The matter gave me immense confidence and encouragement; I realised that there was no substitute for  research and preparedness. It was our research that had come to the aid of our client. The emotional  weight of that case was also immense, not just for the parties involved, but for me as well. 

    There have been moments in my career when I was confident of my case, of the facts, of the law and  still lost. And then there have been matters where I thought I was fighting a losing cause, only to have  gotten a good order. I have learnt something fundamental through all this; sometimes, your job isn’t just  to win; it’s to show up, speak up, and stand firm, even when the outcome seems uncertain. You may be  fighting an uphill battle, but your presence and persistence can make all the difference. These  experiences have been humbling and invaluable. They’ve taught me to never take anything for granted  in this profession. 

    As a Panel Counsel for the Delhi High Court Legal Services Committee, you’ve made  meaningful contributions to welfare initiatives, especially for foreign national prisoners. What led you to focus on this area, and what unique challenges do foreign prisoners face in India? Could  you share any insights from a recent case or initiative in this field? 

    My time with the Delhi High Court Legal Services Committee has taught me many important lessons and  given me an opportunity to work for many causes. One case that stood out involved a convict who had  suffered a life-altering accident while working inside a jail-run paper factory. He lost three fingers due  to the lack of safety protocols. Prior to my involvement, multiple writ petitions had been filed on his behalf, but no concrete outcome was achieved. When the matter finally came to me, we argued that while prisoners may not be treated at par with civilian workmen under certain compensation laws, they  still possess fundamental and civil rights. If an injury occurs while working inside prison premises,  there is a duty on the State to ensure compensation and adequate medical care. The Court was kind to  accept our submissions and framed guidelines for compensating prisoners who suffer such injuries. In  my opinion it was a small but significant step toward justice behind bars. That case was a reminder that  dignity and rights do not stop at the prison gate. 

    Some causes find you before you go looking for them. My work with foreign national prisoners began  that way, through my role as a Part of the Delhi High Court Legal Services Committee, I came across  cases involving foreign national Prisoners, many of whom faced long incarcerations and still faced  uncertainty about their dates of deportation. These individuals faced a unique and often overlooked set  of challenges. Most had no local support, no financial means, no access to translators, and in many  cases, no consular assistance. Something as basic as arranging for a surety or providing a permanent  Indian address became insurmountable obstacles to their release. The legal system, while well intentioned, can become an alien labyrinth when you’re navigating it in a foreign land with no resources  or familiarity. Justice cannot be selective. It cannot favour those with access and leave behind those  without. If our system is to remain just and equitable, we must ensure that everyone, regardless of  nationality or status, is afforded due process and humane treatment. 

    During my time as DHCLSC, I also had the opportunity to visit the FRRO, we witnessed the  Overcrowding in the centre, and saw the deplorable state of affairs, where some foreign nationals are  there for more than 6 months, and some for many years altogether, which in my opinion should  absolutely not be the scenario. We came across multiple facets that in our opinion require interventions  and corrections. In our role, we even made a report and we submitted the same to the DHCLSC. 

    Your dedication to social causes, including fundraising and various welfare activities, is truly  admirable. What inspires you to invest time and energy into these causes, and how do you manage  to balance your professional commitments, social work, and personal life? 

    Giving back has never felt like an obligation; it’s always felt like a natural extension of my work. A  large part of that comes from my upbringing. My father was also active in bar politics. I had never seen  him turn his back on a cause, on a fellow lawyer in need of aiding the causes he believed in. 

    That influence shaped my own sense of responsibility. In my limited capacity I have tried to aid causes  I could contribute for; from assisting fellow lawyers in need during Covid crisis or organising Blood  Donation Camps and contributing to other initiatives. For me, legal work and social work are not  separate silos—they’re deeply intertwined. 

    Of course, balancing your personal lives and litigation isn’t always easy. The days are long, and  the stress of litigation can be unrelenting. But having a strong, dependable team makes all the difference.  My office operates like a family. In jest, but also in truth, I often say, your clerk is like your spouse, and  your colleagues are your children. Everyone has a role, everyone supports the other, and somehow, the  whole house runs.

    Time management and alignment of values are essential. When you genuinely care about what you’re  doing, the work, even the long hours, starts to feel purposeful. And that purpose sustains you. You don’t  just show up to win cases, you show up to make a difference. 

    Social commitments don’t compete with my professional life, they enrich it. In my opinion, this  profession requires you to be social, connecting with people is necessary to growing in the profession.  

    With your wealth of experience across diverse legal fields, you are uniquely positioned to offer  guidance to aspiring legal professionals. What advice would you offer to law students and young  lawyers who wish to pursue a career in litigation? Are there any resources or approaches that you  believe are essential for success in today’s legal environment? 

    Litigation is not for the faint-hearted. It tests your patience, your resilience, often all at once. You will  walk into court with a well-prepared brief and walk out feeling like you know nothing. You will lose  cases you believed were great and win cases you had given up on. It humbles you. And it should. Be  prepared to consult everyone—your seniors, your peers, even your juniors. I’ve learned valuable lessons  from colleagues younger than me, simply because they were looking at the problem from a fresh angle.  Don’t let ego get in the way of learning. This field rewards humility far more than bravado. 

    There will be days when you feel lost, when a judge pulls you up harshly, when you’ve stayed up  preparing and things still don’t go your way. That’s okay. As a lawyer, your duty is that of a messenger  between the client and the bench. Your role isn’t to take matters personally, but to do justice to the brief  entrusted to you, to the best of your ability and conscience. You’re a professional messenger between  your client and the bench. You have a responsibility of not upsetting either of the Two. 

    The courtroom has also taught me to never underestimate the importance of humility. No court is too  big and no matter is too small (I guess that’s what they say). It’s a bounden duty of any court to treat all matters at an equal pedestal. We, as officers of the court, our submissions should always be  respectful, well-prepared, and mindful of the board of the court. If you’re concise, clear, and courteous,  even the busiest bench will give you a fair hearing, every court/judge will have indulgence in your case. 

    I have learnt an invaluable lesson: litigation is never a race amongst individuals or a sprint—it’s a  marathon. Each lawyer begins from a different starting point. It’s a field that will exhaust you, test your  patience. Reaching every milestone would again make you realise that you’re still far away from the  end point. You just have to keep at it.  

    As technology continues to evolve, its impact on the legal sector, particularly in criminal law, is  becoming increasingly significant. How do you see the future of law unfolding in this regard? In  your view, how are courts and the legal system adapting to these changes, and what potential  challenges or opportunities do you foresee as a result? 

    I remember observing how things worked during my father’s time—everything was handwritten,  typewriters clacked away in the background, and court files were carried in bundles tied with redband.  The charm of old-school advocacy still lingers, but there’s no denying that the tools of the trade have  transformed. Today, virtual hearings, e-filings, digital courtrooms, online legal research, and case  tracking platforms have become the norm. The pandemic accelerated this shift, making digital  competence a necessity rather than a choice. For many of us, adapting to this new normal was  challenging, but also eye-opening. 

    Courts are adapting. Judges are becoming more comfortable with hybrid systems. Filing and listing  procedures are becoming more streamlined. But as we digitize, we must also confront the digital divide.  A significant portion of the bar, especially in district courts, continues to struggle with basic  connectivity, lack of infrastructure, and limited digital literacy. For justice to remain accessible, we  cannot allow technology to become a gatekeeper. It must be an enabler.

    A fair and inclusive legal system cannot only serve those fluent in English, comfortable with apps, or having high-speed internet. The evolution of legal practice must be sensitive to those left behind. We  need infrastructural support, training initiatives, and perhaps most importantly, the will to ensure that  no lawyer or litigant is excluded simply because they don’t have access to a screen.

    Get in touch with Vishesh Wadhwa –

  • “At the end of the day, if you are not able to deliver in Court, a last name -no matter how famous- will not get you very far.” – Antony R Julian, Founder and Principal at Julian Law Offices.

    “At the end of the day, if you are not able to deliver in Court, a last name -no matter how famous- will not get you very far.” – Antony R Julian, Founder and Principal at Julian Law Offices.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, particularly at a prestigious institution like University College London (UCL)? What factors influenced your decision to choose UCL, and how would you describe your academic and personal experiences there?

    I always wanted to be a lawyer – even before I understood what a lawyer really does. I have no explanation as to why except guessing that it could be the unconscious conditioning of watching my father (Dr. A. Francis Julian – a Senior Advocate), and hearing stories of my grandfather (who was a lawyer in the erstwhile State of Travancore). I was never consciously influenced to take up the profession by my father. All options were always open. My sister (A dentist and a children’s author) and I were encouraged to explore and see where our intellect and abilities would take us – somehow I always found my way back to the Law.

    This clarity (or blinkered view, if you will) allowed me to focus early on where and how I wanted to study law. I was very clear that I wanted to study law abroad. I had set my sights on going to a law school in the USA. The first time I wrote the LSAT, my scores were not too great. So I decided to take a gap year and write it again. The second time I also wrote the LNAT (the UK equivalent of the LSAT). In the second round, I managed a decent score, and also got scholarships to a couple of good universities in the USA. However, my LNAT scores were comparatively much better and I was offered a place at UCL. 

    Prof. (Dr.) C. Rajkumar (Founding Vice Chancellor of O.P. Jindal Global University) was another profound influence on me from early in my life. I’ve known him from my school days when he used to frequent our home as a law student at Faculty of Law, Delhi University. His stellar academic achievements were inspirational and it was something I tried to emulate. He also counselled and mentored me extensively during the law school admissions process. His time then was especially precious as it was around the same time that OPJGU was being established !

    Seeing the historical relevance of the UCL Law Faculty to India (due to some very famous Indian alumnus, including Mahatma Gandhi), I knew this was where I wanted to go. 

    UCL was a completely different experience after a bachelors degree at Loyola. I struggled a bit initially due to the massive amount of self-study required, but managed to get a decent grade. Life at UCL was not limited to lectures and libraries. The university’s location in the heart of London provided countless opportunities to engage with the city’s cultural and social scene. I learnt the law but more importantly, I learnt a lot about life in my three years there. However, as much as I loved the city,  I didn’t envision myself living there in the long term. So I decided to return to India on completion of my degree.

    After completing your law degree, you pursued an LLM in International Dispute Resolution at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL). What motivated you to specialize in this field, and how did your time at QMUL shape your professional trajectory? In what ways has this specialization influenced your career?

    An LLM is often considered as a purely academic pursuit, unsuited and unnecessary for those in Court litigation. That view, in my opinion, could not be more wrong. The practice of law has become greatly specialised. Having technical expertise is necessary and needed to stand out as a lawyer.  Litigation itself is a vast field, and every field of law has its own form of adversarial litigation, whether before a court, a tribunal, or an arbitrator. 

    QMUL has some of the best faculty in the world when it comes to international arbitration, they are not only academics but also full-time practitioners who have practical experience. They had excellent insights to share during the discussions in the tutorials. 

    In the early stages of your legal career, you worked with Mr. Salman Khurshid. What were some of the most valuable lessons and insights you gained from that experience ?

    Working with Mr. Salman Khurshid was a defining experience in my professional and personal life. Mr. Khurshid (Salman Sir to us) is probably one of the most large hearted persons I have had the opportunity of knowing. He is, of course, a very fine lawyer but above all he is a gentleman and a statesman in the truest sense, he embodied dignity, compassion, and the uncompromising need to ensure justice is done. 

    As his chamber member, I got an opportunity to work on a variety of matters – Constitutional, commercial, criminal, arbitrations- before various judicial fora – the Supreme Court of India, various High Courts, NCLT, NCLAT, TDSAT, COMPAT, etc. 

    Days were spent in Court (this was before the advent of virtual hearings), evenings in the Office. 10-12 hour work days were the norm. But the hardest worker in the office was the head of chambers himself. It was often the case that we would prepare copious notes and go to his house late in the evening to brief him for the next day, only to find him reading the files. This was apart from the various responsibilities he discharged as a leader in the Congress party. 

    Being one of the sought after Senior Counsels in Delhi, he was also a generous paymaster, giving all his chamber members a rather generous retainer coupled with regular bonuses. We were also actively encouraged to take on independent matters and permitted to use the office facilities for our own personal practice. 

    Ours was also a chamber that was very diverse. We had chamber members from at least 10 states in India. We also had a higher number of first generation women lawyers than male lawyers. Of the 20 or so chamber members, only 5 (including me) were male and only 2 were second generation lawyers. 

    Among the many lessons I learnt from my five years (2014-2019) at Mr. Khurshid’s chambers, the one I recall the most is that respect can only be earned, never demanded.

    I have tried my best to emulate these important lessons in mentorship and leadership in my practice as well. Of the four three associates I have had the privilege of working with at Julian Law Offices, all are first generation lawyers, three are women lawyers. One of them is presently doing her LLM in the UK.

    Additionally, being a father to two daughters makes me more conscious of the need to ensure the profession is more welcoming to women. If either of them decide to enter the profession, they need more women role models to look up to. 

    What inspired you to establish your own law practice? What vision guided you in founding your practice, and what were some of the key challenges you encountered during this journey?

    Starting my own practice was a natural trajectory of my career path. Being a law practitioner’s son – I had ready access to a chamber at the Supreme Court, I had a network to tap into, I had a well stocked library of commentaries and law reports at my disposal, and most importantly – credibility capital. These, of course, only get you so far. 

    At the end of the day, if you are not able to deliver in Court, a last name – no matter how famous- will not get you very far. Furthermore, the profession is a rather close knit community and any professional mishaps are rarely forgotten. Having a recognisable last name only increases the scrutiny of your conduct in Court. One is judged much more harshly if one comes from a family of lawyers. Reputations built over a lifetime can be destroyed in a day. For every successful second generation lawyer, there are ten who never made it out of their parents’ shadow.  

    One challenge I faced in establishing my practice was to ensure a steady supply of clientele. Practicing solely at the Supreme Court is not feasible unless one has a ‘feeder’ high court from where one can get a steady supply of matters for appeals. 

    This was the reason I expanded my practice to the Madras High Court in 2021. Having a lot of personal and familial connections in the city, it was a natural move. So far the move has proved 

    Furthermore, my wife and I felt it was a better place for our daughters to grow up in, compared to Delhi.

    You frequently represent clients at the Supreme Court of India. What are unique challenges of advocacy at the Supreme Court, and what strategies do you employ to address them?

    Practice at the Supreme Court of India is unlike practice at any other Court in India. Majority of matters filed at the Supreme Court are Special Leave Petitions (SLPs) under Article 136 of the constitution of India – about 93% according to a recent study. Since this is a completely discretionary jurisdiction, there is no certainty of the appeal being admitted.

    The judges hear about 70 SLPs on Mondays and Fridays (the two days designated for hearing fresh SLPs). The average time granted to make your case in an SLP is about 93 seconds. As counsel one is expected to start in medias res assuming the bench has looked through your petition in detail. You have to know exactly what to say, how to say and (most importantly) when to say it. Brevity is the order of the day and there is no room for any oratorical faff. 

    Another important aspect of Supreme Court practice is drafting. Clarity and Concision are essential. The importance of having a short and concise synopsis cannot be stressed enough. If you cannot state your case in one and half pages of double spaced size 14 font, you have an uphill battle. Early in my career, I used to draft long-winded synopses. I learnt the hard way that this rarely works. 

    If one reads biographies of some of India’s greatest litigation lawyers  (MC Setalvad, Palkhivala, Fali Nariman, etc) you will often find that the common thread in their advocacy is brevity – in pleadings and oral advocacy. 

    Your reputation as a Supreme Court counsel is built on the success in getting SLPs admitted. It is also the way to get a foot in the door so that longer oral submissions can be made when both parties are before the Court and the SLP or Appeal (once leave is granted) is heard at length. 

    A good way to build and protect your reputation at the Supreme Court is to never appear in or file frivolous or meritless SLPs. With adequate experience, one can make a reasonably accurate prediction of whether or not an SLP will be admitted. The SLP should either have legal merit or there should be some grave injustice which is apparent. Without either of these, filing an appeal purely at the instructions of a client is unfair to everyone involved – to the Court as it wastes precious judicial time, to yourself as you will cut a sorry figure in Court, and to your client who ends up wasting resources better spent elsewhere. 

    This can be challenging to do, especially early in your career when it can be tempting to take up every case that comes your way (been there, done that!), But over time you realise that your credibility is built not only on the cases you appear in but also those you don’t appear in. As an Advocate, your duty is not only to your client but also to the Court. Considering the heavy burden on Indian Courts, judges never appreciate their time being consumed by meritless cases. 

     As an arbitration practitioner and a member of the prestigious Chartered Institute of Arbitrators London, what are some of the major challenges in arbitration in India?

    Wiser and more experienced minds have spent much ink on the problems and challenges plaguing Indian Arbitration. Suffice it to say that we cannot continue to run arbitration like courts. We need more non-judge arbitrators.

    Another crucial point is that many businesses, particularly in smaller cities and towns, remain unaware of the advantages of arbitration. With cheaper and faster ODR options available, there are now ways to get low value disputes adjudicated in a faster and efficient manner. Furthermore, there is a need for structured training programs to equip practitioners, arbitrators, and legal professionals with specialized skills in arbitration law and practice

    Another major challenge is post award proceedings. Even though most section 34 challenges fail, the rigmarole of challenge and then enforcement makes arbitration a daunting prospect. Even though it is ultimately much faster than a civil court, post award proceedings are a dampener. 

    What advice would you offer to young lawyers aspiring to build a diverse and successful practice? What key skills, qualities, and mindset do you believe are essential for thriving in the competitive and multifaceted legal profession?

    I am still a ‘young lawyer’ by any measure! And, I am still learning how to build a diverse and successful practice. 

    That said, these are three things which I feel have really helped me in in my personal and professional life.  Firstly, cultivate a reading habit. Read widely, especially non-law books. Fiction, non-fiction, history, humour, mystery – there’s something for everyone. As lawyers, we tell stories (strictly non-fiction!), adhering to certain strict rules, but stories nevertheless. Reading greatly improves the capacity to put complex facts in a coherent manner highlighting aspects that are relevant to your case.

    Secondly, building a great network. The importance of building a good network is crucial for lawyers, especially in India where one cannot market or advertise in any way. A great way to do this is to pursue and cultivate interests outside the law – play sports, join a book club, pursue interests outside the law, take an active interest in your local community. 

    Thirdly, find a good mentor. Ideally someone who’s professional qualities you see yourself emulating. And when the opportunity arises, be a good mentor to others as well. I have had the privilege of watching and learning from some excellent mentors. Mr. Promod Nair, Senior Advocate Karnataka High Court, deserves special mention as someone who has been a good friend, mentor, and guide to me. 

    Balancing the demands of a high-pressure legal career with personal well-being is no easy task. How do you maintain a healthy work-life balance ?

    As a litigation counsel, the demands of the profession can be relentless. There are no fixed working hours, the pressure to consistently perform is high, and unlike salaried positions, there’s no guaranteed monthly income — though the expenses remain constant. This makes litigation a high-stress career, often not very kind to one’s mental and physical health. 

    It’s easy to get consumed by the profession, which is why setting clear personal and professional boundaries early in your career is so important. I firmly believe in prioritising rest, family time, and personal interests without guilt. It’s essential to create space for yourself beyond your work identity. Personally, I avoid carrying work home with me. I’d rather stay late, finish what needs to be done at the office, and keep my home a space of peace and relaxation. This helps maintain a healthy separation between professional responsibilities and personal life. 

    Additionally, taking care of one’s physical well-being is equally important. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper sleep aren’t luxuries — they’re necessities for surviving and thriving in this demanding profession. Over time, I’ve realised that discipline in these small, daily habits make it possible to build a sustainable, fulfilling legal career – and life. 

    Get in touch with Antony R Julian –

  • “Litigation is not about instant gratification, it’s a slow build, where every draft, every appearance, every client interaction contributes to your growth.” – Mustafa Bohra, Associate Partner at Solomon & Co.

    “Litigation is not about instant gratification, it’s a slow build, where every draft, every appearance, every client interaction contributes to your growth.” – Mustafa Bohra, Associate Partner at Solomon & Co.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Sir, your legal career spans a diverse array of practice areas, including criminal and civil litigation, writ petitions, and domestic arbitrations. Reflecting on your journey, what initially inspired you to pursue law as a career, and how did you cultivate expertise in such varied areas of law? 

    Looking back, my journey into law wasn’t driven by a single “aha” moment, but by a gradual and irresistible fascination towards it. What first drew my attention was my fascination with going to courts. There was something about the atmosphere, the energy and the way arguments unfolded, that captivated me from the start. Watching advocates argue complex matters with clarity and conviction inspired me to be part of this legal world. This fascination soon turned into a deeper interest towards law. What truly sealed it for me, though, was participating in several moot courts during law college. That’s where I for the first time experienced the thrill of legal research, strategy, and structured argument. Mooting gave me that rush, which made the law feel alive. It sparked a passion that’s been hard to resist ever since. 

    One of the most valuable lessons I picked up early on was learning to argue a case from both sides. It not only strengthens your understanding of the law but teaches you empathy, critical thinking, and the ability to anticipate and respond. These skills are crucial in any type of litigation be it civil, criminal or arbitration. 

    As for cultivating expertise across varied practice areas, there’s no shortcut. For me it’s been a deliberate process deeply rooted in constant reading and curiosity. I ensure that I not only read statutes and judgements but also apply those laws to hypothetical scenarios. It’s my way of pressure-testing the law and developing a deeper, more intuitive grasp of it. It sharpens interpretation, builds a nuanced understanding of law and prepares me to handle diverse cases with confidence. It also keeps me in a constant zone of learning, which is essential because the law is always evolving.  

    Can you share your journey from law school to the early years of practice? What challenges did you encounter when starting out in the legal profession, and how did you navigate those obstacles to establish yourself in your practice areas? 

    My journey from law college to the profession has been shaped by discipline, resilience, and a relentless desire to carve my own space in the legal world. Being a first generation lawyer, I come from a background where nothing was handed on a silver platter and from day one, I knew I had to work harder than most if I wanted to make it in the legal world and the journey still continues.  

    While studying law in college, I worked part time as a Karate instructor, juggling classes, internships and training. Balancing all this meant my days often started well before sunrise and ended well past midnight, but the discipline taught me how to manage time, stay grounded and never lose sight of my goals. 

    Before I formally entered the profession, I had already completed approximately three years of internships with a litigator because I wanted to be as ready as possible when the first opportunity came, and it eventually did, I was selected at Solomon & Co., a place that has shaped me significantly and allowed me to grow in arbitration, civil and criminal litigation. The principle which I followed as a student and an intern continued at the firm as well which was to never say no to any work. Even when a task or assignment felt beyond my comfort zone, I saw it as a chance to grow. 

    What I have learned is that success in law doesn’t come easy and certainly doesn’t come from shortcuts, it comes from showing up everyday, putting in the work and being willing to learn, unlearn and grow. I still carry the same hunger today, and I believe that as long as that fire burns, the journey will remain exciting. 

    Your career at Solomon & Co. has been marked by impressive growth, from Associate to Senior Associate, and now Associate Partner. What were the key milestones, accomplishments, or lessons that have contributed to your rise within the firm? How do you view your current role as an Associate Partner in shaping your long-term goals and aspirations within the firm? 

    My journey at Solomon & Co. has been defined by consistent growth, strong mentorship of my seniors and a deep-rooted passion for dispute resolution. From joining as an Associate to now working as an Associate Partner, every step has brought with it new challenges, learnings and opportunities that shaped me both professionally and personally. 

    Some of the key milestones in this journey include handling high stakes litigation, managing and nurturing a diverse team, and successfully building and maintaining client relationships. Each role I have taken on has reinforced the value of strategic thinking, clear communication and adaptability. These skills are fundamental for navigating the dynamic world of dispute resolution. 

    As an Associate Partner, my focus has expanded to including mentoring junior team members, broadening our practice areas, and actively participating in business development initiatives. It’s a role that demands not just legal acumen but also vision, patience and leadership and the same also aligns perfectly with my long-term goal of contributing meaningfully to the firm’s legacy, while continuously evolving into a well – rounded leader.  

    I am especially grateful for the trust and responsibility placed in me by Solomon & Co. and particularly by Mr. Aaron Solomon, our Managing Partner and other Partners at Solomon & Co with whom I have worked, their mentorship and support have played a pivotal role in my growth. The learnings and trust reposed by the firm helps me and continues to motivate me while raising the standards of work in my team and across practice areas ensuring the best possible client service. 

    The road ahead is exciting, and I look forward to continuing to grow with Solomon & Co. while making a lasting impact in the field of litigation and dispute resolution.  

    With your extensive experience in domestic arbitration, what do you consider to be the key elements for a successful arbitration process in India? How do you prepare for an arbitration hearing, and what are some common misconceptions clients have about arbitration that you make sure to clarify for them?

    With the evolution of arbitration law and practice in India, a successful domestic arbitration hinges on a few key elements. 

    First and foremost, clarity in the arbitration agreement is essential. Many disputes begin with ambiguities in the arbitration clause itself, be it the seat, governing law, or the process for appointment of arbitrators. A well drafted arbitration clause reduces the scope for preliminary procedural challenges and delay. 

    Secondly, efficiency and preparedness are critical. Unlike court proceedings, arbitration gives parties greater control over timelines and procedure. To make the most of this, it’s important to have a focused strategy right from the statement of claim/defence stage, with clearly defined issues, timelines, and a vision of how the matter should proceed. When I prepare for an arbitration hearing, I focus not just on the legal merits but also on the narrative as to how to present a case in a concise and persuasive manner. Understanding the tribunal’s style and anticipating procedural objections or evidentiary challenges are all part of the preparation. Arbitration is often document – heavy, so organizing the record meticulously and preparing a tight chronology helps the tribunal follow the case seamlessly.  

    As for client expectations, one common misconception is that arbitration is always faster and cheaper than litigation. While it often is, especially when managed well, that’s not universally true. I also find that clients sometimes think arbitration is informal or less serious whereas in reality, it can be just as rigorous and adversarial, especially in complex commercial matters. 

    Another myth is that the arbitrator will find a middle ground to resolve the dispute. I always clarify that arbitrators are bound by law and evidence, and their role is adjudicatory, not conciliatory. Ultimately, the goal is to demystify the process for clients, set realistic expectations, and execute the strategy with precision and integrity.  

    You regularly appear before various judicial and quasi-judicial forums, including Magistrate Courts and the Bombay High Court. How do you adapt your legal strategies to suit the procedural differences in these distinct forums? 

    Each forum whether it is the Magistrate’s Court or a quasi-judicial tribunal, or the Bombay High Court has its own procedural framework, pace, and expectations. Adapting legal strategy to suit these differences is not just important but also essential for effective advocacy. In Magistrate Courts, proceedings tend to be more procedural, and form driven. The focus is often on compliance with statutory timelines, procedural filings, and the careful presentation of evidence especially in criminal complaints or cases under the Negotiable Instruments Act. Here, precision in pleadings, attention to procedural nuances, and consistent follow-up are key. Oral arguments are usually brief and factual, and the focus is on moving the matter through its procedural stages efficiently. 

    In contrast, when appearing before the Bombay High Court, especially on the original side, the approach is significantly different. Matters here involve a broader canvas such as complex commercial disputes, writs, appeals etc., requiring deeper legal analysis, structured submissions, and often layered case law support. Strategy here includes anticipating judicial thinking, being well-versed with recent precedents, and presenting arguments with clarity and brevity to match the Court’s time constraints. 

    At the core of my approach is a simple principle: form must follow function. Strategy is tailored not only to the forum, but also the nature of relief sought, the urgency involved and the profile of the adjudicator. One size never fits all.  

    As an experienced litigator who frequently handles high-profile cases, could you share a particularly complex or high-stakes litigation that you’ve managed? What were the main challenges involved, and how did you craft a successful strategy for your client?

    One of the more complex matters I have handled involved representing a landowner, where we are defending a Suit and connected litigation concerning a large-scale redevelopment project in Mumbai. The dispute revolves around the ownership of land and other issues. 

    The main challenge lay in the multi – forum nature of the dispute: while the core issue is being adjudicated by the Suit Court, there are parallel proceedings before Magistrate’s Court, Deputy Registrar of Co-operative Societies, Land Revenue Officers etc. 

    Given the commercial and reputational stakes, the pressure to act swiftly and strategically was high. My approach was to first disentangle the overlapping legal issues and create a unified litigation roadmap. I worked closely with the client to identify his core priorities, staying adverse enforcement actions etc. 

    We focused on defending the grant of ad-interim reliefs from the High Court, which set the tone of the rest of the proceedings. What is important is a mix of legal precision and tactical patience. We avoided combative stance where unnecessary and instead leveraged procedural opportunities to bring the other side to the table for Mediation. 

    Cases like this reaffirm that high stakes litigation isn’t about winning, its about knowing when to push and when to pause.    

    With your wealth of experience across multiple areas of law, you are in a unique position to guide aspiring legal professionals. What advice would you offer to law students and young lawyers, particularly those looking to build a successful career in dispute resolution? Are there any key skills, resources, or strategies that you believe are essential for success in this field?

    Dispute resolution is a deeply rewarding field, but it demands patience, precision, and perseverance. For law students and young lawyers aspiring to build a career in this area, my first piece of advice would be: embrace the grind. Litigation is not about instant gratification, it’s a slow build, where every draft, every appearance, every client interaction contributes to your growth. 

    Foundational skills like legal research, drafting, and court etiquette are non-negotiable. The ability to think analytically, anticipating judicial thinking, communicate clearly, and adapt to different forums is what makes a good Advocate. Early on, focus on understanding procedural law, it’s the spine of litigation. You may know the law, but if you don’t know how to apply it procedurally, you’re at a disadvantage. 

    I also encourage young professionals to observe courtroom proceedings, even when they’re not arguing. There’s no better classroom than a courtroom. Watch how seasoned counsel frame their submissions, how judges respond, and how strategies shift in real time. Over time, this exposure will shape your own courtroom style. 

    In terms of resources, commentaries, live cases, and judgments are vital but so are podcasts, lectures, and articles that give you practical insights. Law is no longer just about black-letter rules; it’s about staying curious, current, and commercially aware.

    One underrated skill is client management. Understanding your client’s priorities, maintaining transparency, and managing expectations are as important as your legal strategy. After all, dispute resolution isn’t just about fighting, it’s about solving.

    Finally, build your credibility. That comes from consistency, honesty, and being dependable not just with seniors or clients, but with your team as well. Reputation in this field is earned slowly. If you’re willing to put in the hours, keep learning, and stay grounded, dispute resolution offers you a career of intellectual challenge and professional impact. 

    Achieving a work-life balance in a demanding profession like law can be challenging. Given the pressures of high-stakes litigation and various professional commitments, how have you managed to maintain a balance between your career and personal life?

    Work – life balance in the legal profession is a constant work in progress, especially in litigation, where the unpredictability of court dates, client emergencies and deadlines often spill over into personal time. I haven’t cracked it yet, but over the years, I have learned to manage the chaos.  

    What has helped me the most is being fully present wherever I am. When I’m in court or working on a case, I give it my undivided attention. But once I step away from that space, I consciously switch off, even if it’s just for a short walk, dinner date or watching one episode of a show on any OTT platform. Those moments of disconnection actually recharge me and help me return to work with better focus.  

    I have also learned the value of prioritizing ruthlessly. Delegation, trusting my team and setting realistic expectations have been key to avoiding burnout. Spending time with loved ones, traveling when possible and pursuing personal interest keeps me grounded. They are essential for mental clarity and long – term sustainability in a profession that can be all consuming. 

    Most importantly, I have realised that the balance isn’t about spending equal time, its about being aligned with what matters most in each moment. Some weeks will tilt towards work and others towards personal time. As long as I don’t lose sight of the people and passions outside the profession, it all evens out in the long run.  

    Get in touch with Mustafa Bohra –

  • “The most rewarding aspect of my legal career has been the ability to make a tangible difference in people’s lives.” – Shubham Singh, Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India and Partner at Inca Law Partners.

    “The most rewarding aspect of my legal career has been the ability to make a tangible difference in people’s lives.” – Shubham Singh, Advocate-on-Record at Supreme Court of India and Partner at Inca Law Partners.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With over 9 years of remarkable experience and as an esteemed Advocate-on-Record (AOR), what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? What was the driving force behind your decision to choose this prestigious profession, and how has your journey evolved over time?

    Well, as far as my inspiration to pursue law as a career is concerned the same may easily find its way back to my hometown, Allahabad now Prayagraj. The idea and motivation to have a career in law is mostly from the city and from my father who’s a practising Advocate in Allahabad High Court. Although, putting a caveat to the first thought coming to the mind of everyone that I might have chosen law because of my father, he actually never wanted me to be a lawyer owing to the extremely busy lifestyle of lawyers. The city of Prayagraj is famous for many reasons and one of the most popular reasons is the Allahabad High Court and it’s legendary Advocates. There are many names to mention in the list of legal luminaries who have inspired me to make a mark in this profession but I would like to make a special mention of the legend Shri Pandit Kanhaiya Lal Mishra. Shri Mishra was a celebrated lawyer of the country and was offered Hon’ble High Court Judgeship and also the prestigious Judgeship of the Hon’ble Supreme Court He also served as the Advocate General of the state of Uttar Pradesh for 17 years, irrespective of the fact as to whose government it was in the State. People like him inspired me to become a lawyer.

    So far as my journey is considered, I must tell everyone’s journey in this profession might be different. Initial years for lawyers (especially the first generation lawyers) entering into litigation, money could be a serious problem but if you keep working on your skills with patience and perseverance and be true to your profession, then sooner or later you’ll manage to break even. Leaving everything that my father had built in the legal profession in Prayagraj and shifting to Delhi was frankly quite a tough decision for me and for my family as it also turned many heads around. I believe my brother trusted my conviction and supported me which boosted my confidence and my trust in my own self that I might also make a mark on my own. My personal journey is filled with a lot of ups and downs. Sometimes you give your everything to the case but you don’t get the favourable orders, many times you expect a negative order from the Court but you get relief. I think, the only aspect a lawyer should be worried about is the value he is adding in his work so as to assist the Courts in the best way. All we need is to work with patience and perseverance. And as of now, I have reached a level where my first priority is to deliver quality work and fortunately we have been delivering reliefs to our clients.

    Also, I have been very fortunate in terms of the support that I have from my family, friends and my office staff.   

    Having had the privilege of working with renowned senior Advocates and esteemed law firms early in your career, that must have been a truly enriching experience. Could you share some key experiences from that time that significantly enhanced your legal acumen and set you on the path toward excellence?

    I think that you can shape an excellent academician in a Law School but you can’t shape a good lawyer there. The future of a young lawyer depends a lot upon the offices and seniors with whom he’s associated. The initial years of practice establish the very foundation of your career. 

    Since I was not from any NLU, it was quite a task for us back in the days even to be considered eligible for internships. I had the opportunity to intern in the Delhi Office of JSA wherein I was exposed to the working culture of a Tier 1 Law Firm in the country and honestly, I was really impressed. I thoroughly enjoyed my time there but I also concluded that I don’t want to pursue a career there. In my personal opinion, the problem that most of the law students who come from humble backgrounds who ultimately want to become Advocates and establish their own practise is that they initially join a good law firm with an idea to leave in future but the lucrative amount of compensation which is given by the law firm never ever allows them to leave. I, being a young law student, always had one thing in mind that I will not compromise with my dream to become an advocate irrespective of the amount of compensation I might get to do something else. Initially when I came over to Delhi just after college, I interned with Sh. Ashok Kumar Sharma, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India and later on joined him as an Associate. Thereafter, I joined Sh. Romy Chacko, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India. The experience that I gained from the office of Mr. Chacko was immeasurable. Then for a short period I joined Lex Indis Law Office as an Associate. I am lucky enough to say that I still have great relationships with all the offices that I have worked with. All my mentors in the profession have helped at all steps of my life to shape me into a better lawyer and a better human being. 

    After gaining valuable experience with various legal entities, what motivated you to establish your own law firm? What vision did you have in mind when starting it, and were there any challenges you had to overcome during its initial phase?

    It was always a dream of mine to establish my own Law Firm. When I was deciding to leave Allahabad and practise at New Delhi, I had 2 goals, one to establish my own Law Firm and the other to become an Advocate-on-Record. Fortunately, I have achieved both the professional goals that I had set for myself at that time. The primary vision to establish a law firm was to provide Clients a one roof solution to all their legal problems and to have a systematic structure of working. At our Firm also, we always try to cater all the needs of our clients.

    There are a lot of problems that you face while starting your own law firm. One of the biggest tasks is to have a founding partner with whom you can see a long term professional understanding. I was fortunate to have Sh Aditya Singh as my Partner. The other problem is managing the expenses and work management. So far, I have not faced a lot of issues with respect to these and that could be because of the understanding that we Partners have. So, my advice is that if you wish to start your own Law Firm, choose your team wisely.

    Your involvement in numerous cases related to minority educational institutions has been pivotal. Could you share one of the most fascinating and impactful cases you’ve handled, and how it shaped the legal landscape for such institutions?

    I have handled many cases of minority educations institutions. Even currently I am representing St Stephen’s College, St Charles School, Ryan International School and a few other institutions in ongoing cases. One of the cases that I would like to share with everyone is a civil appeal with respect to appointment of Headmaster in a minority institution before the Supreme Court. In that case I truly understood the spirit of Article 30 of the Constitution of India. In that case it was held by the Hon’ble Apex Court that a Minority Institution has the right to appoint any qualified person as its head or principal ignoring merit. The awareness with respect to this position of law is not that much. Many of the institutions still struggle to claim the benefit of being a minority institution as they don’t know where to get that recognition from. The National Commission for Minority Educational Institution at New Delhi is the body where institutions can apply for a certificate to be declared as a minority educational institution be it linguistic or religious. Minority institutions enjoy autonomy in their management, particularly in decisions related to admissions, curriculum, teaching staff, and other operational matters. However, this autonomy is subject to some regulatory oversight in the interest of quality education and public welfare. 

    The Supreme Court has clarified that while minorities have the right to establish and administer institutions, they must not violate the rights of others, such as admitting students on discriminatory grounds or failing to meet educational standards. In T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002), the Court emphasized that while minority institutions have certain rights, they must still adhere to principles of merit, fairness, and the welfare of society.

    Indian competition law is evolving rapidly, especially with the growth of tech companies and ride-sharing services. Having represented clients in such high-stakes cases, could you elaborate on the key legal challenges faced and how you navigated these complex matters? Your insights into this area would be invaluable.

    Indian competition law, under the Competition Act, 2002, is evolving to address the growing complexities of market dynamics, especially with the rapid rise of tech companies and ride-sharing services. This sector has experienced a significant increase in mergers, acquisitions, and market disruptions, which often challenge traditional legal frameworks. There are various legal challenges being faced in this industry like the Anti-competitive practices like predatory pricing. While I was working with Lex Indis Law Offices, we were handling the Ola, Uber and Meru’s competition case before NCLAT on behalf of the CCI, one of the issues of predatory pricing only. In my opinion Companies can navigate this by ensuring that their pricing practices do not harm the long-term viability of competition in the market. They need to demonstrate that low prices reflect efficiency or are necessary for market entry, not just predatory strategies. The other major problem is market dominance and the abuse of market dominance. With the rising teach industry in the nation, the problem of merger control and acquisitions is also becoming apparent. Especially in the ride-sharing sector, acquisitions of smaller competitors or startups are common. While mergers and acquisitions are not inherently anti-competitive, they can raise concerns if they lead to a significant reduction in competition or create a dominant player with too much market control.

    As an Advocate, your involvement in landmark cases is commendable. Can you provide an overview of the P Mohanraj v. Shah Brothers case you argued before the Hon’ble Supreme Court? What were the legal principles at play, and what made this case so significant in shaping legal precedents?

    I was appearing in one of the connected matters in the P Mohanraj Case before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. The question before the Supreme Court was whether any proceedings can be initiated against a Company under Section 138/141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (“NI Act”) for dishonoured cheques, if NCLT has already passed an order of moratorium under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”) against the Company. As per Section 14 of the IBC, if Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (“CIRP”) is initiated against a Company, a moratorium is provided on all judicial proceedings against the Company. The Supreme Court Bench comprising Justice RF Nariman, Justice Navin Sinha and Justice KM Joseph vide its judgment dated March 1, 2021 followed the logic with respect to the object of the IBC Code, if such proceedings will cause a depletion of the assets of the corporate debtor during the CIRP process which will negatively affect the Corporate Debtor from getting back on its feet during the resolution process. The Apex court analyzed this issue from various angles and held that the proceedings under Section 138/141 of the NI Act cannot be initiated against a corporate debtor if the NCLT has already passed an order of moratorium under the IBC. The Supreme Court observed that a quasi-criminal proceeding like the one under the Section 138 of the NI Act will result in the assets of the Corporate Debtor being depleted as a result of having to pay compensation which may amount to twice the amount of the dishonoured cheque. Although, the Court did not extend the same benefit to the Directors of the Corporate Debtors. This case gave a new shape to the interplay between the NI Act and the IBC Code.

    Your role as a guest lecturer at St. Thomas Law College and Asian Law College is truly admirable. How does teaching law complement your busy legal practice, and what personal fulfillment do you derive from educating the next generation of legal professionals? How do you manage to strike a balance between such a demanding career and your personal life?

    I find teaching an extremely noble and satisfying job. If not a lawyer, I would have chosen to become a Teacher. I have been teaching for a very long time in different capacities. I still remember that during my college days, when I was in 3rd year, after my classes I used to teach 4th year B. Tech students at Engineering Colleges for their Campus Recruitment Training. It was an extremely satisfying experience for me during those days. Since then, in some way I have been keeping myself in touch with the academics. After joining the professions, I had the privilege of giving guest lectures at law colleges and conduct seminars for the law students. Teaching law alongside a busy legal practice can be incredibly rewarding both professionally and personally. For many legal practitioners, it offers a unique opportunity to share their experience and expertise with the next generation, while also enhancing their own understanding of the law. Teaching complements legal practice and forces you to stay sharp and up-to-date with legal concepts, theories, and developments. As a practitioner, you may not always have the time to revisit foundational topics or explore new areas in depth, but teaching requires you to stay current, reinforcing your understanding and perhaps even challenging your assumptions. This intellectual engagement can help improve your skills and contribute to your practice. It gives you the opportunity to shape future lawyers, imparting practical knowledge and ethical values that can influence their careers. 

    While I used to teach as a Guest Faculty, I have always focussed to teaching the students the practical aspects of law. I used to take classes on drafting and pleadings, cpc, crpc, evidence, company law, family law and property law. Even workshops in law schools really help and expose the students to the practical world of the profession. I had ventured to teach students at United University about drafting and pleadings at the Supreme Court while conducting a one day workshop.

    Given your extensive experience providing legal consultancy to start-ups, what are some of the most common legal challenges faced by emerging businesses in India? How do you guide them through these challenges and ensure their long-term success in a complex regulatory landscape?

    In my opinion the start-us and emerging businesses in India are facing a variety of legal challenges, particularly given the complex regulatory environment. The very inception comes with the legal hurdles like business registration and compliances, whether to register as sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership (LLP), private limited company based on their objectives, funding sources, and long-term goals. Navigating through the documentation and formalities required for the registration. The protection of the Intellectual Property Rights and its infringement. Most of the Start-ups that contact us, their primary concern starts with funding and investment issues like raising capital, whether through equity, debt, or hybrid instruments, often involves legal complexities, particularly in structuring the deal, preparing shareholder agreements, and complying with regulatory filings. If the business is seeking foreign investment, it must comply with India’s FDI regulations, which can be quite specific depending on the industry. As start-ups grow and attract investors, conflicts over ownership structure, control, and profit-sharing can arise, necessitating well-structured agreements upfront. I have been advising the Start-ups to have a structured due diligence at the very start, as it helps them have stability and attract more investments. In my opinion an emerging business in India can mitigate these challenges by seeking early legal advice, creating clear business structures, staying on top of regulatory changes, and drafting well-defined contracts and agreements. Consulting with experienced legal professionals who specialize in start-up law can help avoid common pitfalls and establish a solid foundation for growth.

    Your unwavering commitment to the legal profession is truly inspiring. What has been the most rewarding aspect of your legal career, and what continues to drive your passion for law? Additionally what advice would you give to the younger generation who wish to have a successful career in law?

    The most rewarding aspect of my legal career has been the ability to make a tangible difference in people’s lives. Whether it’s advocating for a client in need, helping to ensure justice is served, or navigating complex legal issues, knowing that my work can have a positive impact on others is truly fulfilling.

    When I look back I can certainly relate to many of the law students who believe that the profession is a lot about money and power. But I have evolved to understand that this noble profession is like an art and the most rewarding thing is the recognition that you get from the Hon’ble Judges and the senior members of the Bar. I still remember while I was arguing a case before the bench of Hon’ble Justice B R Gavai and Hon’ble Justice P S Narsimha, at the end of the hearing the Bench praised my arguments but I was in such a disbelief that I confirmed from the Court if they praised me or asked a question, resultantly they affirmed their opinion. There has been no fee that has been more rewarding than that particular recognition to me. 

    For younger generations interested in a career in law, I would advise them to remain persistent and curious. Law is a challenging field, but it’s also incredibly rewarding. It’s crucial to develop strong critical thinking skills, cultivate emotional intelligence to understand the people behind the cases, and always prioritize ethics and integrity in every step of your career. Networking and seeking mentorship from experienced professionals in the field can also provide invaluable guidance and opportunities for growth. Finally, I would say to never stop learning—law is dynamic, and the best lawyers are those who are always evolving.

    Get in touch with Shubham Singh –

  • “I believe, in litigation, it is all about perseverance, focus and hard work. There is no short-cut to that.” – Tanvir Nayar, Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    “I believe, in litigation, it is all about perseverance, focus and hard work. There is no short-cut to that.” – Tanvir Nayar, Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With such an impressive and diverse range of experience spanning constitutional, commercial, civil, and intellectual property rights matters, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? Were there any particular moments or experiences that had a significant impact on your decision to embark on this journey?

    I always found law intriguing. The way it stimulated my mind to find a logical answer to a particular solution, encouraged me to choose this profession. So, it was after my 10th CBSE Board examinations, that I actually made up my mind to have law as an option. Accordingly, I chose the subjects for 11th and 12th, which included history, political science, economics and maths. History gave me the background and political science the foundation to pursue law after my 12th. I was also a part of my School’s, DPS Mathura Road, cricket team, which used to play practice matches with the various teams viz. Delhi High Court Bar Association and Bar Council of India. Thereby, I got an opportunity to interact with Advocates who were in litigation. 

    Having started your career working on Civil, Consumer, Arbitration, Debt, and Criminal matters, what were some of the key learning experiences in the early stages that shaped your understanding of the law and helped pave the way for your remarkable career progression?

    Being a first-generation lawyer, and having no one in my immediate family in law to guide me, I was always open to learn and try everything which came my way. Right after law college, I had an offer to pursue my L.L.M from Kings College, London. However, I thought that without a clear path of which field I wanted to follow i.e. either corporate or litigation, I would have not been able to justify the course. Alternatively, since the placements in college were also not forthcoming, I actually ended up in litigation out of sheer luck. Then I got an opportunity to work under Mr. Sunil Goel, who also practiced in various courts viz. High Court, District Courts, Debt Recovery Tribunal and Consumer Courts. Whereby I got a flavour of different subjections and jurisdictions. However, since I was inclined to do corporate work, I joined a firm to do private equity and debt financing work. This gave me another perspective to law, esp. the commercial aspect. It also cleared my thought process, that litigation was what I wanted to do. Then I got the best opportunity or I would call the break-through, i.e. to work with Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra (prior to her elevation). From then onwards, with the tutelage of Justice Malhotra, the profession has been kind.

    Assisting the esteemed Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra in various legal domains such as constitutional law, arbitration, and public law must have been an invaluable experience. How did her approach to legal research and arguments influence your understanding of complex legal matters, and how has that shaped your own legal practice?

    Getting an opportunity to work under Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra, was the foundation I required as a first-generation lawyer. Despite her achievements, which are continuing even till date, there was no respite from her end. She was so through on facts and law, that it really opened my horizon and prepared me to handle complex matters. The answer was simple, be so well prepared on the facts and law, and to know the brief  from front to end and end to front. Thereafter, the way Justice Malhotra articulated the arguments, was another aspect to learn. Being good in law and also being a good orator, is the best combination any lawyer would wish for, and she had it all. Her relentless hard work is second to none. Watching and getting to learn all this close and first hand, has made me an advocate I am today.

    After gaining such extensive experience in diverse areas of law, what motivated you to establish your own independent practice? What challenges did you face along the way, and what strategies did you use to overcome them and build your firm?

    Starting an independent practice was also a decision, made partially out of choice and partially out of necessity. I would have liked to continue to hone my skills under Hon’ble Ms. Justice Indu Malhotra, for a few more years. However, her very well-deserved elevation to the Hon’ble Supreme Court, gave me the push I probably needed. At the same time, I prepared and gave the Advocate-on-Record examination. However, since the result is declared almost 9-10 months later, I started my practice on the original side as well. Thereby, I started going to District Courts in Delhi and also the Delhi High Court. Since I had a few clients to sustain my practice, I could concentrate on building my network. I was lucky that since I belong to Delhi and was staying with my parents, I did not have to worry about basic sustenance. Without this, probably, I may not have started my independent practice at that time. During the same time, my childhood friends – Samar Khan and Abhishek Bakshi had also started their independent practice and were doing criminal litigation. Their requirement for a person to handle civil and commercial litigation, and my need to increase my practice to other fields coincided. Hence, came the foundation and incorporation of M/s. Aecus Legal.  

    As an Advocate-on-Record at the Supreme Court of India, you’ve undoubtedly dealt with some highly complex constitutional and commercial issues. Could you share one of the most challenging cases you’ve worked on, and what steps do you take to thoroughly prepare for and research such high-stakes cases?

    There have been many notable cases I got an opportunity to be a part of. However, the four most notable cases would be the Vyapam Scam, Manesar land scam, Challenge to the vires of the bond condition signed by Doctors pursuing PG/ MD etc., and the challenge to the Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 from two judges up to the Constitution Bench. The simple answer to prepare any matter, being high-stake or not, is to be first well-versed with the facts and then to be through with research. Sometimes, even an issue which may seem small, can be the turning point. That can only be achieved, if one does in-depth research. At the end of the day, there is no short-cut to hard work.

    Given your vast experience representing clients in diverse legal forums, including the Supreme Court, District Courts, and NCLT, how do you tailor your litigation approach to suit the nature of each forum, be it constitutional, commercial, or quasi-criminal? Also, where do you see your firm, Aecus Legal, in the next 5-10 years?

    One does need a certain degree of knowledge, which can only be achieved with experience, to handle different jurisdictions. However, the basic is again to be prepared with the brief on facts. Then, one also needs to be updated on the recent judgments being passed on the said subject. Especially, with the advent of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 and formation of NCLT and NCLAT, there is a new judgment on some aspect or the other, every week. Hence, one needs to keep oneself updated.

    Our firm has grown at a steady pace and gone onto represent many international clients, as well. However, in the next few years, we would be making more specialised teams on different subjects, and then also have a separate general litigation team.

    Clearing the Advocate-on-Record (AOR) examination is a remarkable achievement. What aspects of the exam did you find most challenging, and how did you prepare to successfully navigate this prestigious examination?

    Not undermining the hard work required, I must say that since I extensively practiced in the Supreme Court from 2015 onwards, so the basics were clear. I did not effectively take a break in my profession to prepare for it, but the month of May was primarily focussed on studying for the exam. The most challenging aspect is that one loses touch to write an exam within three hours. For that, I started preparing my notes by writing them, at least one month in advance. The second challenge was to read all the judgments. However, once you are in that zone of studying, slowly and steadily one can manage. It is also important to attend the lectures given by prominent Senior Advocates, some of them also set papers. But I am sure, the advocates who do not practice in Supreme Court on a regular basis, do find the exam challenging.

    Balancing a high-profile legal career with personal life is no easy feat. How do you manage to strike a balance between your professional responsibilities and personal well-being? What strategies do you use to maintain your health and overall well-being while managing such a fulfilling and demanding career?

    To be frank, it is really difficult to maintain a balance. Especially in the early years, and on starting an independent practice. The profession always keeps you on the toes, and it is easy to lose that balance. However, I believe in today’s time, it is required that one does take some time off to just clear one’s mind. Travelling or playing a sport is one way, which has worked for me to un-wind and re-energise. Secondly, I have set-up an office space in my residence as well. So, when the days are light, I work from the residence, which gives you the time to relax at home and also spend time with your family. All this is needed, as I said, it is easy to maintain the balance. On a lighter note, I am still learning.

    With your vast expertise across multiple legal domains, what advice would you give to young lawyers who aspire to have a diverse practice like yours? What key skills and qualities do you believe are essential for success in such competitive and multifaceted fields?

    I believe, in litigation, it is all about perseverance, focus and hard work. There is no short-cut to that. However, one does need some luck. Some of the luck one can make by networking and always  being open to learning. Also, client handling is one thing no one teaches, however is very important. Since lawyers cannot solicit, the best way to advertise is doing your best for your clients. I strongly believe that the profession is an Hon’ble one, and a person can really make a difference. 

    In today’s changing times, as mentioned above, networking has become an important aspect. Though I do not subscribe to the view of making videos on YouTube or Instagram. However, people do not realise that maximum work advocates give to each other, so making a good network of advocates also helps one to get new matters and clients.

    Get in touch with Tanvir Nayar –

  • “One of the most significant lessons I’ve learned is that you must never allow yourself to be caught off guard. Being fully prepared not only helps in presenting your arguments convincingly but also helps you gain the court’s confidence.” – Ramchandra Madan, Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    “One of the most significant lessons I’ve learned is that you must never allow yourself to be caught off guard. Being fully prepared not only helps in presenting your arguments convincingly but also helps you gain the court’s confidence.” – Ramchandra Madan, Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With such a diverse range of skills and experiences, when you reflect on your journey, what were the pivotal moments that led you to choose law as a career? How did your time at Symbiosis Law School, Pune shape your legal interests, and which areas of law caught your attention early on?

    Growing up in Shimla, a town known for its serene beauty and quality of life, I was fortunate to receive a good education. However, the opportunities for students to explore diverse interests and extracurricular activities were relatively limited. This changed when I moved to Delhi and joined Vasant Valley School, an institution renowned for its academic and extracurricular excellence. The shift broadened my perspective immensely.

    At Vasant Valley, I actively participated in theatre, debates and business competitions, which helped me develop critical thinking, public speaking and teamwork skills early on. At the time, my plan was firmly set on pursuing entrepreneurship, an idea that took shape after I won an international business competition alongside my team, earning me a prestigious scholarship However, on the advice of teachers, peers, and family, I decided to also appear for law entrance exams while awaiting results from some top business schools. This decision, made at the last minute, turned out to be pivotal for my career path.

    Joining Symbiosis Law School in Pune was a transformative experience. It was my first time living independently, away from the comfort of home and I found myself surrounded by incredibly intelligent peers. In Pune, I continued to explore my passions, albeit with some limitations. Theatre, which I had always loved, took a backseat, but I remained active in debating, public speaking and participating in moot court competitions. Representing Symbiosis at both national and international moot court competitions was a highlight of my time there, giving me invaluable practical experience and honing my legal acumen.

    Law school also instilled in me a strong sense of community. The alumni network, which remains robust and supportive, has been an anchor in my journey in litigation. I was also fortunate to intern with some of the most respectable legal professionals, including Mr. Neeraj Kishan Kaul, Mr. Prashant Mehndi Ratta, Ms. Nandita Rao, and Mr. Sameer Oberoi. These internships were a window into the world of litigation and I liked the view! My law school experiences helped me discover my passion for law and I haven’t looked back since.

    Having yourself pursued an LLM at the prestigious LSE, can you talk about your experiences studying there and also outline the advantages of getting a master’s degree? 

    The decision to pursue an LLM should not be made with the sole objective of securing a higher salary. An LLM is best pursued for the academic and holistic growth it offers. While it undoubtedly enhances one’s credentials, especially as an independent practitioner, it’s not a guaranteed pathway to higher financial rewards.

    Initially, I hadn’t planned on pursuing an LLM, having interned extensively with my senior, Mr. Neeraj Kishan Kaul during law school, I was eager to start my litigation practice under his tutelage. However, at the encouragement of close friends, I decided to try my luck and applied to a handful of prestigious schools. To my surprise and delight, I was accepted into the London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE), an institution renowned for its remarkable legacy and association with eminent academics, lawyers and thought leaders, including luminaries like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Additionally, the central location of London, a global cultural and academic hub, was a significant factor in my decision. 

    I was also accepted and awarded a partial scholarship for taking residence at The Goodenough College, a highly selective residential college for distinguished graduate students from around the world. This scholarship made my decision to join LSE even more compelling as it would have significantly reduced my financial burden.

    My experience at LSE was transformative. The faculty’s expertise and the rigorous academic environment pushed me to expand my intellectual boundaries. I delved deeply into subjects such as competition law, arbitration law, refugee law and international law, examining them through post-colonial and literary perspectives. These courses broadened my understanding of the law and shaped my approach to legal issues in a nuanced way. I was also fortunate to read under experts such as Dr. Chaloka Beyani, my supervisor, who is the former UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons. 

    Equally enriching was my time at the Goodenough College, where I had the privilege of living amongst some of the brightest minds across various fields. Even our regular, dinner table conversations were intellectually stimulating and inspiring. Beyond academics, living in London allowed me to experience its vibrant cultural scene—world-class theatre, opera, orchestral performances—and explore Europe on a shoestring budget, further enriching my worldview.

    The admissions process was rigorous but immensely rewarding. For aspiring students, my advice would be to focus on crafting a strong personal statement that highlights not just academic achievements but also a clear vision of how the LLM fits into your long-term goals. My journey to LSE taught me the value of taking unexpected opportunities and it’s a decision I’m deeply grateful for.

    Prior to going independent, you worked alongside Mr. Neeraj Kishan Kaul, Senior Advocate. How did this experience enhance your legal expertise, and what valuable lessons did you gain from working with such an esteemed mentor?

    When I first joined Mr. Kaul as an intern as early as 2012 I knew that I wanted to follow in his footsteps and be a litigator. I was in such awe of Mr. Kaul that I even kept the cause list from my internship days as souvenirs. Even when I chose to pursue my Masters in London, I knew I was never going to stay on and was going to come back to India to litigate. Which is why when I was invited to join Chambers with Mr. Kaul I was elated. 

    Working with Mr. Kaul was like a crash course in litigation and the art of advocacy- there are only a few, if any, who understand how to read the Court as well as him. Here, you can expect an extremely steep learning curve, where nothing short of perfection is expected from a Junior. We were always expected to add value to the brief by coming up with new arguments that even the solicitors missed out on. We were to pre-empt questions, whether direct or ancillary, that may fall from the Bench. 

    Equally important was the fact that Mr. Kaul‘s Chamber gave me invaluable colleagues who became my professional family, supporting me as I began my career and always a text message away whenever I needed to pick their brains or discuss strategy despite their own busy schedules. I will forever be grateful to Sir and my seniors and colleagues at the Chamber on who’s shoulders, today, I try to stand.

    You have successfully argued some important cases before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, the NCLAT and the Delhi High Court. Could you walk us through the challenges you encountered while arguing and how you navigated them?

    Each case presents its own unique challenges, but for a first-generation lawyer, especially one considered young in the profession, the hurdles are particularly distinct. Ours is a profession built on trust—trust from clients, peers, and, most importantly, the Courts. This trust must be earned, and for a young lawyer who is an unfamiliar face, the road can be difficult. Courts often view you with a degree of skepticism, and there is a natural resistance to accepting your arguments until you establish your credibility. 

    Arguing cases before forums such as the Supreme Court, the NCLAT, and the Delhi High Court has taught me that preparation is the key to overcoming these challenges. The only way to level the playing field—especially when appearing against eminent senior counsels—is to be thoroughly prepared, often better prepared than your opponent. Creativity and hard work are what help young lawyers stand out. When you can bring to the table insights or arguments that others, even with years of experience, might overlook, you begin to gain recognition.

    Every appearance in court must be treated with the seriousness and dedication of a final hearing. There is no room for complacency. Judges often test the mettle of young lawyers by probing their understanding of the case and the law. If the court perceives even a hint of unpreparedness, it is likely to challenge you even more. Anticipating these challenges and preparing meticulously has been my strategy in navigating these situations.

    One of the most significant lessons I’ve learned is that you must never allow yourself to be caught off guard. Being fully prepared not only helps in presenting your arguments convincingly but also helps you gain the court’s confidence. Over time, as you consistently demonstrate your competence and dedication, that initial resistance from the Court, gradually gives way to trust and acceptance.

    While the challenges are real and sometimes daunting, they are also what drive me to work harder, think deeper, and perform better with each case. The journey of a young, first-generation lawyer is not easy, but it is incredibly rewarding when you start seeing the trust you’ve earned reflected in the court’s acknowledgment of your efforts.

    You have been involved in a lot of pro bono work. What inspired you to dedicate time to legal aid, and how has this shaped your broader legal practice?

    Law is often referred to as a noble profession and as officers of the court, our primary duty is to the cause of justice. For me, this principle has always been at the heart of my practice. I find enormous satisfaction in being able to provide my services to those in need, and I strongly believe that no person should be denied justice due to their financial constraints.

    A significant portion of my practice has been dedicated to pro bono work. I was associated with the Delhi State Legal Services Authority (DSLSA) on the Criminal Panel for three years. This experience was both a profound learning opportunity and a stark reality check, as it exposed me to the vast inequalities in access to justice. It brought into sharp focus the glaring class divide in our country.

    What struck me most during my time with the DSLSA was the reality that for the majority of Indians, litigation begins and ends at the trial courts. Even in a city like Delhi, where the High Court and Supreme Court are often less than 10 kilometres from any district court, access to justice remains out of reach for many. The economic and social barriers faced by individuals trying to navigate the legal system were a stark reminder of the responsibility we hold as lawyers.

    Today, my private practice serves as a means to support my pro bono initiatives, allowing me to contribute meaningfully to society. I believe that as lawyers, we must recognize our obligation toward the community. Rendering services to those who cannot afford them is not just an act of charity—it is our duty to uphold the ideals of justice. 

    You’ve represented social media influencers and journalists in defamation cases against corporations. Given the fast-evolving nature of digital media, how do you approach defamation law in this context?

    Freedom of speech and expression is one of the most vital facets of the fundamental rights enjoyed by individuals in India. Beyond being a constitutional guarantee, it is also recognized as a human right, forming the cornerstone of any democratic society. The right to express freely and without fear gives meaning to all other rights, making it essential to uphold. However, this right is not absolute and is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) of the Constitution.

    In my experience representing social media influencers and journalists in defamation cases, I have observed a worrying trend- powerful entities often misuse criminal and civil defamation proceedings to suppress fair and honest criticism. Freedom of speech in India, while constitutionally guaranteed, comes at a cost—it must be zealously protected from those who attempt to silence dissent or critique.

    The rise of digital media has democratized the exchange of ideas like never before. Today, with greater means available to everyone to voice and exchange opinions without the institutional barriers that once limited public discourse, people are more empowered to engage in critical dialogue, satire, and even humour- all of which are essential for a healthy democracy. One must be mindful, however, that this freedom cannot be used to justify the spread of hate speech and malicious falsehoods. 

    My approach to defamation law in the digital age emphasizes striking a delicate balance. On one hand, it is crucial to safeguard freedom of speech and resist any attempts to weaponize defamation laws to curb legitimate critique, satire, or dissent. On the other hand, the right to reputation and privacy, both of individuals and corporations, must also be protected from truly defamatory or intentionally harmful statements.

    Our society must develop a greater tolerance for humour, satire, and criticism while ensuring that boundaries are maintained to protect against harm caused by defamatory speech. In representing influencers and journalists, my goal is to advocate for the right to speak truth to power while promoting responsible discourse. The evolution of defamation law must adapt to this changing landscape, fostering an environment where free expression and accountability coexist.

    Throughout your career, you’ve been invited to judge competitions, participate in panels, and deliver lectures. What role has mentorship and legal education played in your own professional journey, and how do you view the future of legal practice for young lawyers in India?

    Mentorship and legal education have been integral to my professional journey, as they are for any lawyer striving to succeed in this noble profession. In law, one’s growth often relies on the guidance and wisdom of seniors, colleagues, and even opponents at the Bar.

     My own journey has been deeply rooted in the mentorship I have received from my seniors and peers, as discussed previously. I have been fortunate to experience the kindness and support of both the Bar and the Bench, which has enabled me to make small but meaningful strides in my career.

    Here’s where an interesting titbit comes to mind. Historically, in England, a lawyer qualified as a barrister and was called to the bar only after attending a series of formal dinners. While this tradition may seem unusual, it symbolized an important truth: the essence of legal education lies in the exchange of ideas and the wisdom shared by those who have walked the path before us. This spirit of learning continues in courtrooms, where lawyers and judges alike contribute to the collective growth of the legal community.

    The law, being one of the oldest professions in the world, carries a rich tradition of passing the baton of knowledge from one generation to the next. For anyone who has attended court proceedings, it is evident that the legal fraternity operates as a community invested in nurturing young talent and preserving the integrity of the profession.

    I view mentorship not just as an opportunity, but as a duty. One of the primary responsibilities of a lawyer is to carry forward this noble tradition by supporting and guiding the next generation. Whether through judging competitions, participating in panels or delivering lectures, I see these opportunities as ways to contribute to the ongoing dialogue of legal education and to help young lawyers navigate the challenges of a demanding profession.

    As for the future of legal practice for young lawyers in India, it is both exciting and challenging. The landscape of law is rapidly evolving with technological advancements, the growth of niche areas like data privacy and fintech law, and increasing global interconnectivity. Young lawyers must adapt to these changes while staying rooted in the foundational values of the profession—integrity, diligence, and a commitment to justice.

    As an Advocate-on-Record with extensive experience, what advice would you offer to young lawyers just starting out, particularly those interested in specializing in areas such as arbitration, company law, and bankruptcy?

    I believe young lawyers embarking on their journey, particularly in specialized areas such as arbitration and bankruptcy, must approach their careers with a clear sense of purpose and dedication. Here’s my advice for those starting out:

    • Patience and Grit Are Essential: Success in the legal profession is a marathon, not a sprint. It requires unwavering patience and resilience. The journey can be slow, but perseverance and consistent hard work always pay off.
    • Prioritize Quality Work Over Monetary Gains: Early in your career, focus on gaining valuable experience and honing your craft. Money will follow as a byproduct of expertise and reputation. 
    • Volunteer and Be Available: Offer to assist seniors on briefs and be available whenever they need help. The willingness to learn and support seniors demonstrates your commitment and eagerness to grow, which will open doors for mentorship and challenging opportunities.
    • Always Be Prepared and Professional: Every appearance in court, every draft you submit, is an opportunity to make an impression. Your reputation is built over years of consistent effort but can be lost in an instant. Never take any task for granted and always strive to be at the top of your game.
    • Stay Up-to date with the law: Laws specially like the IBC and Arbitration in India are still evolving and have not yet fully settled. Whether it’s new judgments, legislative amendments, or emerging trends, constant learning and staying up to date is a non-negotiable part of a lawyer’s journey.
    • Read the Travaux Préparatoires: To understand new laws like bankruptcy, it is essential to study the Travaux Préparatoires—the preparatory documents and discussions that shaped the legislation. For instance, the Bankruptcy Law Reform Committee (BLRC) Report, along with various Law Committee reports, provides invaluable insights into the origins and objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). By examining these foundational documents, one can better grasp the reasons behind the law’s enactment and its subsequent amendments, leading to a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the IBC.
    • Adopt a Holistic Perspective: No law operates in isolation. Having a broad-based understanding of other areas of law and industries will provide context and depth to your practice, making you a more versatile and effective lawyer.

    The legal profession is demanding, but it offers unparalleled opportunities for growth and impact. By focusing on continuous learning, maintaining the highest standards of professionalism, and demonstrating a commitment to the law, lawyers can carve out successful and meaningful careers in arbitration, bankruptcy, or any other field.

    Given your demanding professional commitments, how do you manage to strike a balance between your career and personal life? Are there specific practices or strategies you use to maintain focus and well-being?

    “Law is a jealous mistress” is a saying often repeated for its undeniable truth. To pursue a career in law, especially in litigation, one must be deeply passionate about the profession, as it tends to permeate every aspect of a lawyer’s life. 

    While striking a good-balance is often very difficult when court is in session, litigators are fortunate to have court vacations scattered throughout the year, and I make the most of these breaks by traveling. I make the most of such breaks and ensure to plan at least one trek and one surfing trip each year to help me disconnect and recharge.

    On weekends, I enjoy attending plays and concerts in Delhi, which provides a creative and cultural outlet. Maintaining health is also a priority; I’ve recently started swimming 2–3 times a week, which helps me keep physically active.

    Ultimately, striking a balance is about finding activities that allow you to unwind and maintain focus. For me, travel, the arts and physical activity are key to sustaining my well-being alongside my professional commitments.

    Get in touch with Ramchandra Madan –

  • From Legacy to Practice: Navigating Challenges and Mentorship to Specializing in Civil and Constitutional Law. – Shivam Yadav, Practicing Advocate and Managing Partner at Shivam-Raman & Law Associates.

    From Legacy to Practice: Navigating Challenges and Mentorship to Specializing in Civil and Constitutional Law. – Shivam Yadav, Practicing Advocate and Managing Partner at Shivam-Raman & Law Associates.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    How and why you decided to pursue law or make law your career. But along with that, when did you decide to get into civil and constitutional matters? What was your system and what kind of challenges did you face even before doing all this? 

    The most important thing is that law was never in my mind in my initial days of studies. I wanted to be a doctor. And yes, it is true that I am a second generation lawyer. So, my father remained a very noted criminal lawyer in Allahabad High Court. And then he got elevated to the bench. He remained a judge of Allahabad High Court. And after that he retired as a judge of Allahabad High Court. He became the law commission’s chairman, etc. And now he’s practicing as a senior advocate. So law was never intended. As it happens with many of us. So yes, but law is something, which I believe, which if I had not taken it as a career, then I would not have thrived this much. And I personally feel that law is the only thing which is meant for me. With the efflux of time, you always feel that you can do this, you can do that, but then I personally feel that law is the only one trait where you can achieve anything and everything. That’s one. Secondly, there is no monotony involved in this profession. Every day is a new day. And, every day is a new challenge. Every day is a new case. Every day you get to fight with your friends, your loved ones, your very close ones. And one more thing which is very important is that while we call it practice. It is something that nobody’s perfect. And, even my senior, Mr. SP Gupta used to say that we call it practice for the reasons that we practice it daily. And therefore, nobody’s perfect, even if you falter, if you fail, if you do not deliver properly, then there will be a new day, there will be another day, which is coming and you will succeed. So practice daily and practice with perseverance, practice with utmost devotion, you will succeed. I’m sure about it. So the second thing that you asked was the first hand experience of being a lawyer. So being a lawyer, I told you, this is the best trait one can enter. And for a new lawyer, it is important that in the initial days, he should invest maximum of his time in studies. Apart from preparing cases and preparing your briefs for the seniors and working with them. Doesn’t mean that everything has to be done by the senior. And one should not think that if I’m the last man sitting at the bench in the conference room, or maybe the last man standing in the courtroom along with the team, then my efforts will go unrecognized, nothing. If you’re working, you’re working hard, you will be recognized, your seniors, your immediate colleagues, and even judges. And there’s one more thing which I always remember of my beloved senior. He always used to tell me that when you enter the courtroom, do not try to impress the judge. Try to impress the seniors who are sitting in the courtroom. Because they will be the mouthpiece of yours. They will be talking about you in a thousand places. That this lawyer is doing good, this young lawyer has got good intent of law, etc. So, I personally feel, I develop my practice in this way only, that I never intend to impress upon a judge. My intent was to impress upon my colleagues. My senior advocates, my seniors, immediate seniors who are sitting in the courtroom and whenever I enter the courtroom, they always tell me that if he’s coming, he would be stating the correct facts. He would be placing everything with utmost clarity and without there being any form of deviation from the ethics and the principles which are norms set by our customary ethics and practices. So that’s important. One more thing which is very important, my senior always told me, a lawyer wins a case at his table and he loses the case at his table. It is not in the courtroom. The courtroom is meant for deliveries of your preparation. So to the young lawyers who are all joining the profession of law, it is important that they should try to invest more time on their table, whatever form of table they have, whatever form of chamber they have, big, small, whatever. If you invest your time on the case, preparing it and preparing it thoroughly. You’ll definitely win. You’ll definitely succeed.

    Sir, we’ll continue with the aspect of your beloved senior, Mr. SP Gupta, former Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh, who has influenced your lawyering system. He provided you with a platform to grow and helped you shape your mindset on how to work. If you don’t mind, could you discuss some of the most important, challenging, or rewarding cases you handled under his mentorship, and the lessons you took away from those experiences? 

    See, when I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already at the pinnacle of everything. He was at the top of his field. So, when I joined him, I was extremely happy because it felt like a dream come true. I was joining someone whom I had read about in books. I believe the first case law I read during my law college days was Kesavananda Bharati and SP Gupta vs. Union of India. So, to join him, someone you’ve read about in books, was a much bigger thing for me.

    When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already a top-notch lawyer. He had previously served as the Advocate General twice in Uttar Pradesh, and when I joined him, he had just completed his tenure as Advocate General. When I joined him and almost left his chamber, that was when he became Advocate General again. From Mr. SP Gupta, we learned everything. Whatever my practice is, wherever I stand today, it’s all because of my senior. He taught us everything, right from the basics.

    One thing I always remember about him is that he was very fond of everything in life, but he invested maximum time in reading books, journals, and other things. When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he asked me one question that I still remember. He asked, “Do you read novels?” I said, “Yes, sometimes, not regularly, but often.” He then asked, “When do you read them?” I replied, “Usually in the evenings, or just before going to bed.” He said, “I want to see what kind of novels you read.”

    I thought my senior was interested in my taste in reading, so I gave him extra books—ones that were not even related to me or the genre I typically read. I thought I would show him that I had a wide range of books. The very next day, I was very curious, and I asked him about the books. He said, “They’re in the store.” I asked, “What do you mean by the store?” He replied, “Those books will remain in the store, and they will not be given back to you.” I was surprised and asked why.

    He said, “Instead of reading novels or fiction, you should keep a legal journal, a law journal—whether it’s weekly or monthly—by your bedside. Before you go to bed, you should read it daily.” I asked, “What kind of judgments should I read?” He replied, “Beggars are not choosers. You’re a beggar, you don’t have anything in your pocket. So, collect everything with both your hands and leave nothing behind. Start from page one and read through to the last page of the journal. Read it like a novel. For you, everything—the fiction, the thriller, the romance—everything is in that law journal.”

    He recommended keeping two journals and reading them daily. Even if I don’t intend to practice in a particular field, like tax or company law, I should read it. His point was that reading was for preparedness, not necessarily for immediate specialization. It helps in learning how judges write, how law evolves, and eventually, one day, you’ll get a case related to something you have read before.

    I followed this advice for a significant portion of my career. Though nowadays I don’t do this as much, given the online updates from sources like Live Law, Bar and Bench, and others, I still believe it’s a valuable practice. I would always recommend young lawyers to follow this approach. It helps them understand how things work in the courts and gives them insight into the functioning of the judiciary.

    Another lesson I received from my senior was about the analogy of a grocery store. He always said that a lawyer’s chamber is like a grocery store. There are two types of grocery stores. One carries only a limited selection, while the other is a bigger store with a variety of options. If a customer asks for a chocolate in the first store, the reply would be, “Yes, we have a chocolate, take it.” In the second store, when the customer asks, “Do you have a chocolate?” the reply would be, “We have five brands of chocolate, and each brand comes with ten different flavors. Which one do you want?”

    He asked, “Who would you choose?” The point was clear: preparedness is key. When a client comes to you and asks for something, you should have it ready to offer. A lawyer’s chamber should be like a well-stocked grocery store where you can offer solutions immediately.

    He also emphasized that a lawyer should always be prepared. When a client asks for something, they shouldn’t be told, “Let me check if I have that.” Instead, you should be able to say, “Yes, I have it.” Preparedness is what clients look for, and it’s what makes you stand out.

    These lessons—hard work and preparedness—have stayed with me. Mr. SP Gupta always told me that specialization comes after years of practice, after you’ve invested ten or twenty years into your career. Before that, the key is to be well-prepared in every field. Whether it’s tax, criminal law, or constitutional law—be prepared for anything that comes your way.

    You were with your senior for quite some time and you decided to start your own law firm at a very early stage of your career. How did that happen? And what actually were your plans, or rather, what are your plans for moving forward, and the things that you are seeing nowadays?

    In the legal profession, so many things have changed drastically, especially after COVID hit us. The kind of practice that you may have seen earlier and the kind of practice we now have – where do you see the legal practice going? And how have you equipped yourself with the new practice that has come up, especially the online aspect?
    Sure! Here’s the rephrased version without changing the meaning of the text:

    Let’s start with the online aspect. After the COVID pandemic, we’ve entered a new normal, which includes the way we interact now. This is the new normal, and we all need to be prepared for it. As I mentioned earlier, technology has greatly evolved. While I still subscribe to journals and continue to read them, we’ve also shifted to digital means of gathering all types of information.

    With this shift, it’s crucial to be clear about one thing: if you don’t keep up with technological advancements, you’ll become obsolete. You must adapt to these changes. That’s one point. Secondly, with the development of AI, there are many challenges. People see it as a helpful assistant, but I believe constant supervision is necessary. One should never rely entirely on AI because, at the end of the day, it remains artificial, while original thought should remain original. That being said, I strongly recommend that as technology changes, and as the ways and means of obtaining information evolve, you must stay in tune with these developments and remain aligned with them.

    Regarding Mr. Gupta’s role in the development of my practice after I made the shift, I worked with him, interned with him, and then joined his chamber. I continued working with him until one day in 2012 when he was appointed as the Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh for the second time. It was his decision, not mine, because when you refer to someone as a senior, you must trust their judgment entirely. It’s their decision when the time is right for you to start your independent practice.

    So, when he received this prestigious appointment, he called me and asked to discuss something with me. I went to his chamber, and he said, “Shivam, I think it’s time for you to start your independent practice.” At that time, I wasn’t very sure, because when you’re working with a senior, you have a shield. But when you start independently, that shield is gone, and you are accountable for everything. You’re responsible for everything that happens in your chamber. This was one of the challenges I faced after leaving Mr. SP Gupta’s chamber because once you’re independent, every decision, every case, and every outcome falls on your shoulders.

    There are good days, but there are also bad ones. In the beginning, it’s hard to know when you’ll land in a good spot or a bad spot. But, as I said, it was his decision, and he believed I could develop into a good lawyer over the next ten years. So, I started my practice independently. Of course, there were benefits, like getting referrals and support, but ultimately it’s your responsibility to maintain and grow your practice. You might get nominated and appointed as a lawyer for any big firm, corporation, or entity, but that company or entity won’t retain you if you don’t perform well.

    My senior recognized my potential and encouraged me to focus on the civil side of law. At that time, my father, who was a judge at Allahabad High Court, had restricted me and my brother from practicing criminal law. He had issued a strict instruction that we should not be seen on the criminal side of the Allahabad High Court, which was split into two blocks: one for civil matters and one for criminal matters. His reasoning was that if we were seen in the criminal side, we wouldn’t be allowed to continue in the chamber.

    So, one of the reasons my senior recommended that I start my independent practice, particularly on the civil side, was because of my father’s directive. He believed that if I could establish myself in civil law, I could eventually practice on the criminal side too, though I’m not undermining the criminal side. Having experience in civil law gives you a better understanding of how things work, which can be helpful when dealing with criminal matters. I tried my hand at criminal law as well, but my main area of expertise has always been civil law, and I enjoy practicing in this area.

    That’s how it happened. My senior’s recommendation was crucial in guiding my decision. As for the development of a law firm, my senior had once suggested that I move to Delhi to start practicing in the Supreme Court while my brother would continue in Allahabad. But this plan didn’t work out. My brother chose to move to the Supreme Court, and I stayed in Allahabad, but we decided to start a small law firm. My brother took charge of that, and the firm has been growing ever since.

    Developing a law firm or a chamber is all connected to your practice. It’s about conceiving ideas and adapting to the evolving landscape. But I would say that having an independently established practice can sometimes be more rewarding than having a law firm. The growth of your practice depends on how you nurture it, and a solo practice can often be more fulfilling than being part of a larger law firm.

    You’ve dealt with a versatile range of cases, which is not easy for anyone. You’ve ventured into many different, complex matters. How have you navigated through all of this, especially keeping in mind that you not only have to understand these cases but also help your clients understand what you’re doing? There must be some impactful cases that have shaped your career and changed your approach. Could you share a couple of such impactful cases?

    As I mentioned earlier, when I started my practice independently, I was appointed by one of the most prestigious corporations in the state, the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA). At that time, I was appointed as the standing counsel for NOIDA. In addition to NOIDA, I was also appointed for the Ghaziabad Development Authority, UP Power Corporation, and Kanpur Development Authority, along with several other corporations. However, NOIDA was the one corporation that was facing the highest number of litigations. If you recall, there was a significant full bench decision in the case of Gajraj Singh, which I was part of—not as the standing counsel for NOIDA, but as a respondent represented by my senior, where I was assisting him.

    The Gajraj decision had a significant impact in the Allahabad High Court and essentially changed land acquisition litigation there. It was the biggest decision, and over 1000 cases were decided in that batch of petitions. As a standing counsel, the benefit you get is the variety of cases you handle, and you must manage and address everything yourself. As my senior always told me, if you work hard and focus on your table, you will succeed in every matter. I took this advice to heart and kept it simple. I always advise my juniors and colleagues that when you start something new in your career or practice, you should start from scratch.

    Starting from scratch means buying a bare act, reading it, and understanding the content. From the bare act, you will get at least a basic idea of what you are working with. The next step is understanding the client’s case, followed by thorough research. I followed the same approach without any shortcuts to navigating complex issues—there’s no magic rule, just basics and whatever has been taught to you before. Additionally, I’ve worked on significant cases, including land acquisition cases and election petitions, representing top politicians in the state.

    One case that stands out for me involved caste certificates being issued from outside the state to employees of NOIDA who had been working for 10, 15, or even 20 years. With changes in the corporation’s hierarchy, these certificates were questioned, and it was decided that these certificates, issued against the Supreme Court’s full bench decision (in the caste census case), would not be valid. NOIDA decided to terminate the services of 10 to 20 employees based on this issue. This matter went before a single judge at Allahabad High Court, with Honorable Mr. Justice AP Shahi presiding.

    When I first appeared before the court, I believed the case was straightforward due to the Supreme Court’s ruling, but the Hon’ble judge was very cautious. He noted how harsh it seemed to question the caste certificates of employees who had worked for 15 years. I explained that it was an issue of legality, and the actions taken were correct. However, the court asked me to assist in finding a fair solution. After researching, I found that there was only one judgment related to the issue, given by the Goa bench of the Bombay High Court. The court ultimately used this judgment to rule against NOIDA, saying the caste certificate issue didn’t apply here, as the employees had valid connections to Uttar Pradesh.

    Although I lost the case, the judgment had a significant impact on my career. The court appreciated my fairness, human approach, and my role as an officer of the court. The judgment, which was 14 to 16 pages long, devoted 8 to 9 pages to my arguments, which was a great acknowledgment. Even though I didn’t win, I believe I worked harder than anyone else, and I felt I had supported the cause of justice. As a lawyer, representing a respondent doesn’t always mean you should aim to dismiss the petition; instead, you should focus on achieving justice in whatever form it comes.

    Another significant case I worked on involved an election petition. It was my first time being involved in such a matter, and it was an eye-opener about how civil trials and election petitions function. Unlike writ petitions, election petitions require careful consideration of the client’s version, defense, evidence, and procedural details. This case helped me understand the intricacies of civil law and the trial process, especially how evidence is presented and applied. This experience was incredibly important for my career.

    Moreover, land acquisition cases have been a major part of my practice, especially due to my work with corporations. I became quite proficient in land acquisition law, especially with the advent of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement Act, 2013. I was one of the first lawyers to argue the applicability of section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, which had been widely debated. My argument was that the use of “and” or “or” in this context should be understood properly. This argument was later accepted by the Supreme Court of India in the Indore Development Authority’s case. I consider this one of my key contributions to land acquisition law.

    In summary, I’ve had extensive experience with land acquisition cases, election petitions, and several other types of civil matters, each leaving a significant impact on my career. And as I always tell my juniors, if you want to become an expert, start with the basics and work your way up from the bare act.

    Does this sense of social responsibility extend to your pro bono work? You also serve as a counsel for the High Court Legal Services Authority. How important do you think legal aid is in ensuring justice is accessible, particularly for those who can’t afford legal representation? In today’s world, balancing such a demanding legal practice with pro bono work must be challenging. How do you manage both?
    The idea of pro bono work has always stayed with me, and I consider it something of an inheritance. My father also practiced pro bono work, and it was something we always did as part of our routine. If someone couldn’t afford our fees, we would still offer help without charge. I became associated with the High Court Legal Services Authority because a close friend of mine recommended it. He pointed out that while the District Legal Services Authority often doesn’t attract top-tier lawyers, the High Court and Supreme Court Legal Services Authorities have much better opportunities for those willing to help.

    I’ve always believed that if you’re already doing a lot of pro bono work, there’s no need for anything extra. You’re already in your chamber daily, going to court, doing your job — it’s all part of your practice. Pro bono work provides internal satisfaction, knowing you’re contributing to society.

    Additionally, I noticed that the panels of lawyers in pro bono cases often didn’t include top lawyers with good practices, so I thought I should break that barrier and get involved. I wanted others to see that a well-established lawyer could also participate and provide quality assistance. I’m glad that I took this step, as the High Court Legal Services Authority gives me a lot of cases — including jail appeals, writ petitions, and others — where my involvement is needed. When you do this work, it always feels good, and for me, if you’re a lawyer earning well, a portion of your practice should be dedicated to pro bono work.

    You don’t necessarily need to be part of the High Court or Supreme Court Legal Services Authority to do pro bono work; any legal services panel or even independent work can be done on your own. I’ve always done this. If someone approaches me and tells me they can’t afford my fee, I’m happy to offer free assistance. It doesn’t matter to me because, as my father always used to say, “You’re not taking anything from them. You’re doing your work, and if you help others, perhaps God will remember you and bring more clients your way.”

    This is something that happened to me once. A client I helped for free, who couldn’t pay my fees, later sent me ten cases with significant fee margins. You never know who you might help, and sometimes it comes back to you in ways you wouldn’t expect. Helping others in pro bono work doesn’t need special arrangements or recognition — it’s not something you need to broadcast. It’s a personal commitment, something you do for the right reasons, and it should be kept to yourself. That’s how I’ve always approached it.

     You’ve also built a dedicated team of associates. What do you look for when selecting these associates, and how do you ensure that the culture of your firm remains intact while nurturing young legal professionals?

    Personally, I believe that everything I’ve received from my senior, I should pass on to the younger generation. That’s one of my core beliefs. I interact with them and maintain a friendly relationship, but I also follow certain principles in my chamber. One such principle is that I don’t save their phone numbers unless they truly earn it. I tell every junior that you need to do so much that I should feel compelled to call you, to search for your number and reach out to you. This approach works well with the young lawyers who join my chamber. They all want to be on their senior’s “fast dial” list.

    I also look for young lawyers who have the right passion and drive. I don’t ask about their law degrees or grades in exams. That’s not what matters to me. I conduct a simple interview, and if I sense genuine passion for the profession, they are with me. If you’re not pursuing the profession with the passion it requires, then you’re not with me. I’m a tough taskmaster, and I do scold my juniors when needed. They’re sometimes afraid of me because they know if they make a mistake, I will be very strict with them. But despite this, I remain friendly and approachable.

    When I sit with my juniors, I do so with the clear intent of sharing everything I’ve learned, everything I’ve earned from my seniors. One thing I always try to instill in them is the importance of understanding concepts. I discourage rattofying. Even when reading books, statutes, or judgments, especially the CPC or the CRPC, I stress understanding the concepts behind them. I use the example of the CPC to explain that it’s organized in a particular manner, and you need to understand that structure. For instance, if someone were to ask where the written statement comes in the order of the CPC, and they said it was order one, I would expect them to immediately correct it, as it doesn’t belong there.

    I encourage them to think conceptually, as I believe that if your concepts are clear, you will be able to understand everything. There’s no need to memorize everything in detail, especially since the bar exam is now an open-book exam, which is the right approach. You should know where to find the information, and that comes from having clear concepts.

    I believe I have a great team of about 10 associates, five of whom are highly effective and work closely with me. I provide them with a lot of work and insights into how things should be done, and I think they’re doing well. I’m always available for my juniors, even if they’re not in my chamber. If you come across me and have a question or need help, I’m always ready to offer suggestions and any assistance they need.

     The way you approach the mentoring process, it’s clear that your juniors not only learn from you professionally, but also grow personally. Speaking of personal growth, I’d like to touch on something increasingly important — mental health. Given the immense pressures of the legal profession, how do you maintain your mental well-being, and how do you ensure that your team is also taking care of their mental health?

    As I mentioned earlier, I always try to maintain a friendly relationship with my team. I approach them like an elder brother and strive to remain insightful and supportive. While professional matters are important, I also believe in fostering personal connections whenever possible. When there’s time or space, I enjoy taking them out to restaurants or other places to help them relax and bond in a more friendly, informal setting. It’s important for them to feel good and maintain a positive state of mind.

    Additionally, there’s a principle that my senior taught me, and I’ve followed it throughout my career. My senior never worked on Fridays, and I’ve adopted the same tradition. For the past 16 years, I haven’t worked on Fridays, with only a few exceptions, which I try to avoid. I prefer to handle most of my work on Saturdays, from morning to evening, so that my evenings are free to spend quality time with my family—my kids and my wife. This practice also helps clear my mind because, without time for yourself, constant work can negatively affect your mental well-being.

    As you rightly pointed out, the post-COVID era has introduced many new challenges, and it’s crucial to prioritize your health. For any junior, if you’re not feeling well—whether physically or mentally—it’s important to speak up. In our profession, especially as a lawyer, you must be vocal. If you’re not able to speak up for yourself, how can you speak for your clients? If your senior isn’t interacting with you or isn’t providing the support you need, don’t hesitate to formally express it. It’s important to be open about your concerns.

    Similarly, if your senior is friendly and approachable, always make sure to communicate your feelings. For your own mental health, whenever you’re finishing up for the day and leaving your chamber, avoid talking about work or courtroom gossip. Instead, focus on conversations that bring you joy and positivity—anything that lifts your spirits. This helps maintain a healthy balance.

    It’s a difficult profession, and without proper mental health care, it becomes even harder to thrive.

    Thank you, sir, for sharing these insights so openly. It’s not easy to talk about mental health, as many often dismiss it. But you’ve been very transparent about it.
    Yes, it’s crucial. I personally believe that 80 percent of lawyers in this country are under immense pressure. The workload can be overwhelming and mentally taxing, more so than other professions. It creates a lot of stress and trauma, and it’s not easy to handle. You need to be quick, clear, agile, and constantly prepared. This profession demands a lot from you.

    If your mental health is compromised, it becomes very difficult to survive. Mental health encompasses physical health, emotional well-being, and happiness. If you’re thriving but are constantly unhappy, there’s no point in simply doing well if you’re not at peace. Even seniors should emphasize the importance of mental health. I always encourage my juniors to share any issues they may be facing. I ask them, “What’s going on? Why don’t you seem okay today?” It’s important to check in with each other.

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