Super Lawyer

Tag: General Litigation

  • “The cornerstone of this profession is passion. Be genuinely passionate about the law and the pursuit of justice.” – Chaitanya S.G., Partner at Chaitanya & Nithyananda Advocates.

    “The cornerstone of this profession is passion. Be genuinely passionate about the law and the pursuit of justice.” – Chaitanya S.G., Partner at Chaitanya & Nithyananda Advocates.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    The field of law is intellectually rewarding yet comes with its unique set of challenges. What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and what continues to motivate you on this journey?

    My journey into the field of law began right after my 12th grade when I chose to pursue my LL.B (5-year course) at KLE Society’s Law College. Initially, I aspired to join the Indian Armed Forces, driven by a deep-seated desire to lead and serve. However, my struggle with mathematics and science meant that clearing the NDA exams was not in my destiny. I vividly remember sitting in solitude, reflecting on my strengths and weaknesses. It was during those moments of introspection that I realized my passion for reading and writing—two things that had always been close to my heart. This realization sparked the decision to pursue law. Although I did briefly consider journalism, my inclination towards the structured reasoning and the sense of justice that law offered steered me in this direction.

    Coming from a family with no legal background, convincing my parents to support my decision was no small feat. Yet, the very moment I stepped into the law classroom, I knew I had found my calling. I was immediately drawn to the subjects and spent countless hours in the law library, which felt like a sanctuary of knowledge. From day one, I was resolute that my journey as a lawyer would be guided not merely by the ambition to win cases, but by the deeper purpose of resolving disputes and restoring harmony.

    Participating in moot courts and debate competitions further solidified my passion, providing me with an inexplicable high. Two books that profoundly influenced my perspective were My Experiments with Truth by Mahatma Gandhi and Roses in December by M.C. Chagla. Their writings inspired me to see the law not just as a profession, but as a powerful instrument for social change.

    Now, sixteen years since I first walked out of the gates of law college and into the courtroom, that initial excitement remains undiminished. The thrill of crafting arguments, the challenge of persuading a judge to consider a perspective against the odds, and above all, the joy of representing the underprivileged and witnessing the smile of relief when justice is served—these are the moments that keep me going and motivated. For me, the law is not just a career; it is a calling, a journey to bring justice and dignity to those who seek it.

    In the early stages of your career, you had the opportunity to intern and work with several prominent organisations and senior advocates. Could you share some of the most enriching experiences from that period? Are there any insights or principles you learned then that continue to guide your practice today?

    In the initial years of my legal education, the concept of internships was virtually non-existent—at least in my college. Our curriculum did not mandate internships, and the very idea of interning was something I stumbled upon almost by chance. I remember the first time I heard about internships; I was genuinely thrilled at the prospect of working on real-world cases and putting my theoretical knowledge to the test.

    Interestingly, I did not follow the conventional path of interning under senior advocates or established law firms. My first real exposure to corporate law came through the encouragement of a very close friend, Karthik Kannappan, who was my senior in college and had secured a position as a legal associate in an MNC. He not only persuaded me to explore corporate law but also recommended me for an internship. This was quite a breakthrough, considering that major corporations and MNCs traditionally reserved internship slots for students from National Law Schools. For me, getting that opportunity felt monumental.

    Another significant internship experience was with an LPO, where I worked on preparing chains of title for Hollywood movies. It was an eye-opening experience that introduced me to non-litigation work and gave me a glimpse into American laws—a perspective that would later shape my appreciation for international legal frameworks.

    I vividly recall my conversation with Sanjay Bhatia, my Head of Department at the LPO, during my final days of internship. When I requested him for a few words of wisdom, he humorously remarked, “Hard work is the stepping stone for more hard work.” Though said in jest, that statement resonated with me and has been proven true time and again throughout my career.

    If I have learnt any insights or principles that continue to guide my practice today it is that, if I am sincere in my heart and put in the hours of hard work without the immediate expectations of money or fame, the profession becomes not just rewarding but truly beautiful. The early years of toil and perseverance lay the foundation for a career that is both intellectually and spiritually fulfilling.

    Having begun your career in the corporate sector, what inspired your transition into litigation and eventually led you to establish your own firm? What were some of the initial challenges you encountered, and how did you overcome them?

    Three months before my final semester exams in law school, I secured a position with a startup LPO. With the blessing of my beloved Principal, I began working even before completing my degree. By the time my results were announced, I had already been promoted to Team Lead, managing a team of ten lawyers. Our primary task was contract drafting as part of a pilot project for a UK-based client who was building automation software for legal documentation. It was a thrilling start—high-pressure deadlines, intricate contract terms, and a steep learning curve. Yet, within a few months, the work grew monotonous.

    Back in law college, I had harboured a dream of standing tall and presenting my arguments in Court Hall 1 of the Supreme Court of India. That vision seemed to fade with each passing day in the corporate environment. One fine day, with sheer conviction and a heart full of ambition, I put in my papers, bidding farewell to the corporate world once and for all. I took the leap to establish my own law practice—an audacious decision that stemmed from my unwavering confidence in my drafting and argumentative skills.

    The initial days, however, were not without challenges. The most daunting of all was understanding procedural law. Despite relentless reading, the layers of procedural intricacies remained elusive. It felt as though I had to reinvent the wheel, learning the ropes one step at a time. For the first three years of my independent practice, I focused exclusively on criminal cases. Over time, I began to appreciate the nuances of the Criminal Procedure Code, witnessing firsthand how the principles I had studied unfolded in real-world scenarios. I saw the wheels of justice in motion and felt a profound sense of purpose.

    I must express my deep gratitude to the entire fraternity of the Advocates Association, Bengaluru. Whenever I sought guidance, there was always a senior colleague willing to help—selflessly and without expectation of remuneration. This collective spirit of learning and mentorship was instrumental in my growth.

    There came a point when I felt I was being stereotyped as a “criminal lawyer.” Although I cherished the title, I was eager to explore the civil side of practice with the same intensity and passion. It was then that I met my mentor and guru, Sri. K.V. Narasimhan. He took me under his wing, polished my skills, and guided me through the labyrinth of civil litigation. I consider myself a disciple to him, and even today, I seek his guidance with the same reverence. His mentorship is a debt of gratitude I shall carry for a lifetime.

    The transition from corporate law to litigation, and the subsequent establishment of my own firm, was driven by an unyielding belief in my abilities and the support of the legal fraternity. Those formative experiences not only shaped my career but also solidified my commitment to the ideals of justice and advocacy.

    You have appeared and argued in a diverse range of matters, including writ petitions, civil and criminal disputes, and public interest litigations across various judicial forums. Could you tell us about a particularly complex or memorable case you handled, and how you approached its legal or procedural intricacies?

    Over the course of my career, I have had the privilege of handling numerous cases spanning writ petitions, civil and criminal disputes, and public interest litigations. While each case carries its own significance, there is one case that stands out as particularly complex and memorable—not just for its legal intricacies, but for its far-reaching implications on the privacy and constitutional rights of over 140 crore Indians.

    In 2019, I was approached by Col. Mathew Thomas, a retired Indian Army Officer, who sought my legal opinion on a certified copy of a contract entered into between the President of India, represented by the Director of Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), and certain private companies headquartered in the United States. As a trial advocate primarily focused on courtroom practice, my initial impression was that this was just another contract review. However, as I delved deeper into the document, I was astounded to discover the magnitude of its implications.

    The agreement, dated back to 2010, was executed on a mere ₹500 stamp paper, which seemed oddly insignificant considering the enormity of what it entailed. The contract granted these American private companies—some of the largest defence contractors to the U.S. Government and various international agencies involved in global surveillance, spying, and espionage—unfettered rights to USE, STORE, COLLECT, PROCESS, AND TRANSFER the biometric and demographic data of Indian citizens collected during Aadhaar enrolments. This wasn’t just routine information; it involved highly sensitive data, including fingerprints, iris scans, and personal demographic details of millions of Indians.

    As I pored through the clauses, it became alarmingly clear that these defense-linked corporations were given sweeping access and control over critical personal data of all Indians without adequate safeguards or oversight. Effectively, the contract enabled foreign entities deeply tied to global surveillance networks to potentially exploit or misuse this information, posing severe risks to India’s data sovereignty and the privacy rights of its citizens.

    Realizing the gravity of the matter, I promptly filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) before the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka and appeared as a counsel on behalf of Col. Mathew Thomas, challenging the legality and constitutional validity of the agreement. Given the critical nature of the issue, the High Court, in its wisdom, granted us the liberty to move the matter before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India.

    Although this was not my first appearance before the Hon’ble Chief Justice of India as I had the privilege of appearing in earlier matters as well, this case carried a different weight, a deeper resonance, because it wasn’t just about a dispute—it was about safeguarding the very essence of privacy and national integrity.

    The Hon’ble Supreme Court, after considering the submissions, remanded the matter back to the High Court of Karnataka for further consideration, and the matter is now pending adjudication. The experience reinforced my belief in the power of law as a protector of civil liberties and as a beacon of justice for the common man. For me, this case is a reminder that the true essence of legal practice transcends mere arguments; it is about upholding the sanctity of individual rights and the sovereignty of our nation.

    This case remains etched in my memory not just for its scale and complexity, but for the realization that as advocates, we hold the profound responsibility to safeguard the rights and freedoms of society at large, often against formidable odds.

    With extensive experience across multiple domains such as Negotiable Instruments, Consumer Protection, Insurance, and Revenue matters, how do you adapt your legal strategy when appearing before quasi-judicial authorities as compared to regular courts, where do procedural nuances differ?

    The essence of legal strategy, whether before quasi-judicial authorities or regular courts, is rooted in a fundamental principle: learning never ends. This is precisely why the legal profession is called a “practice.” Mastery over subjects of law is not merely beneficial—it is the foremost duty of a lawyer. Over the years, I have embraced every opportunity to study new areas of law, constantly expanding my knowledge base. I truly believe that the moment one claims there is nothing more to learn is the very moment one begins to stagnate in this profession.

    When it comes to quasi-judicial authorities, the strategy is simple yet profound: understand the core of the problem and the root cause of the dispute. If these foundational aspects are grasped well, I believe half the battle is already won. My years of practice have taught me that irrespective of the forum, if you are well-versed in the Civil and Criminal Rules of Practice, you are effectively equipped to navigate most procedural nuances.

    Of course, quasi-judicial authorities bring their own procedural peculiarities—whether it’s the summary nature of proceedings under the Negotiable Instruments Act, the consumer-friendly mechanism under the Consumer Protection Act, or the evidentiary flexibility permitted in Insurance and Revenue matters. Each of these specialized forums is birthed from distinct legislative enactments, and their procedural requirements reflect the legislative intent to deliver faster, more focused justice.

    To adapt effectively, I ensure that I invest time in understanding the specific procedural mandates and jurisdictional subtleties of these forums. While it is true that procedural lapses can sometimes occur, I firmly believe that with proper study and preparation, these can be minimized, if not entirely avoided. My approach has always been to meticulously understand the enactments governing these bodies, thereby positioning myself to present my arguments seamlessly, whether it be in front of a tribunal, commission, or an appellate authority.

    In summary, my strategy is underpinned by relentless learning, deep understanding of the core dispute, and rigorous preparation tailored to the procedural framework of the forum I am appearing before. I consider it not just a strategy, but a philosophy of practice.

    Election petitions are often intricate and high-stakes in nature. What are some of the key legal considerations to keep in mind while arguing such matters? If possible, could you share an experience from a case you’ve handled in this area?

    Election Petitions are a unique category of legal proceedings governed by the Representation of the People Act, 1951, wherein the High Court assumes the role of the Election Tribunal. These matters are distinct, as the trial is conducted before the High Court itself, unlike other civil or criminal matters. Key legal considerations while arguing Election Petitions include Locus Standi, Grounds of Challenge, Strict Adherence to Procedure, Burden of Proof, Speedy Disposal. Under Section 81 of the Act, an Election Petition can only be presented by any candidate at the election or any elector. As per Section 2(e) of the Act, an elector is defined as any person whose name appears in the electoral roll of the constituency and is free from disqualifications under Section 16 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950.

    One particularly memorable case that I handled in this regard was the challenge of a Biennial Election to the Rajya Sabha. A Member of Parliament had been unanimously elected, and his nomination was contested by a voter on grounds of material suppressions in his affidavit. The challenge, however, was that the petitioner was not an elector as per the Act.

    The Representation of the People Act, under Section 81(1) Explanation, defines an elector as someone entitled to vote at the election, even if the person did not actually cast a vote. In this case, there was no voting at all—the election was unanimous. All candidates were sponsored by political parties, and hence, MLAs and MLCs were the only recognized electors.

    I represented the petitioner before the High Court, arguing that the “explanation is not a rule; an explanation cannot defeat the purpose of the enactment; and an explanation cannot override the definition.” I put forth the contention that I, as the petitioner, was the elector’s elector—a voice for the common man who is ultimately the foundation of electoral democracy. I argued that the spirit of the legislation was to enable challenges to irregularities and that the unanimous nature of the election should not bar the electorate from questioning it.

    As anticipated, the High Court dismissed the petition, not on the merits but purely on locus standi. But for me, the true journey began when I moved the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, appearing before the Hon’ble Chief Justice. I argued vehemently, challenging the conventional understanding of the Explanation to Section 81. Although the Hon’ble Supreme Court was not inclined to allow my prayer, I walked out of the courtroom with a profound sense of satisfaction—a victory of learning, strategy, and courage to stand up for what I believed in. The hours of rigorous preparation, studying every nuance of the Representation of the People Act, and foreseeing every possible counter-argument gave me an unmatchable treasure of knowledge.

    In retrospect, while the case did not result in a favorable verdict, it was a landmark experience for me—proof that the real triumph sometimes lies in the fight, not just the outcome.

    What advice would you offer to young professionals and law students aspiring to build a career in this field? Are there any books, resources, or habits you would recommend that helped you in your own journey?

    I believe that offering blanket advice to young professionals and law students would be superficial because each individual comes from a distinct family and societal background that shapes their present circumstances. However, through my own journey, I have discovered certain habits and principles that I would strongly recommend to anyone aspiring to build a career in law.

    The cornerstone of this profession is passion. Be genuinely passionate about the law and the pursuit of justice. There will be times when financial and personal constraints may make you question your path. Despite those moments of doubt, the secret to becoming a good advocate is to persevere even when the odds are against you. Never give up; your persistence will be your greatest ally.

    There is no shortcut in law. Make it a habit to read at least four hours a day. This should include not just legal texts but also judgments, commentaries, and even works of literature that sharpen your articulation and depth of understanding. The law is ever-evolving, and staying updated is not just an advantage—it is a necessity.

    Law can be an all-consuming profession. It is intense, demanding, and at times, overwhelming. Developing hobbies outside of law—whether it’s playing a sport, writing, traveling, or painting—provides a much-needed escape and helps in maintaining mental balance. These hobbies act as a sanctuary when the weight of the profession becomes too heavy.

    One thing that is often overlooked is physical and mental health. Eat well, because brains need fuel to think. An empty stomach leads to fatigue, loss of focus, and poor decision-making. Sleep well, because your sharpness and ability to argue effectively are heavily dependent on rest. The mind is your greatest tool; take good care of it.

    Finally, take time to celebrate your victories—both big and small. If you are someone who does not find joy in life, chances are you won’t find joy in the profession either, because for an advocate, the profession becomes life. Embrace it, enjoy it, and let it be your passion. Learn to enjoy the journey of learning. It is not the cases you win or lose that define you, but the person you become in the process.

    Balancing a demanding legal practice with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage your professional responsibilities while also making time for yourself? What do you do to unwind and stay rejuvenated?

    Time is a man-made construct. I have deeply understood this, and that understanding forms the very basis of how I manage both my professional and personal life. For a busy man, there is always time for everything; for a lazy, pessimistic procrastinator, there is only shortage and dearth.

    I begin my day with something that brings me immense joy—cooking. I am a good cook, and I start each morning in the kitchen, preparing breakfast and lunch for my wife and daughter. It is my way of setting a positive tone for the day—nurturing my family before stepping into the world of law.

    One day a week, I completely disconnect from work and dedicate that time to playing leatherball cricket. It’s my way of feeling like a kid again, venting out all the stress, and just enjoying the pure thrill of the game. Sports, I believe, is a fantastic way to stay rejuvenated and grounded.

    Travel is another escape I hold dear. Once or twice a year, I go on bike rides—a passion that I cherish deeply. In 2021, I went solo from Kanyakumari to Jammu, covering the entire stretch over 18 days. It was a journey of solitude, reflection, and freedom that I hold close to my heart.

    I also sketch, doodle, and paint occasionally. Playing with colors is incredibly refreshing for me, offering a creative outlet that’s far removed from the rigors of legal battles. I am a lover of Carnatic music and an ardent listener. During my college days, I used to play the violin, although the demands of practice have left me with little space to pursue it actively now.

    Of late, I have embraced creative writing. I recently published my fiction novel, Tales of Lawyer Ramachandra Shastry, which has been a deeply fulfilling journey. I also won the 21st Century Emily Dickinson Award from Book Leaf Publishing Co. for my collection of poems titled How to Lose Your Keys and Find Yourself – Poems for the Beautifully Flawed. It consists of 30 acrostic poems that reflect on philosophy and life. I have also completed a philosophical work on Advaita, which is due for publishing soon.

    For me, life is a balance of passion, purpose, and play. Each role I take up—as a lawyer, a writer, a cook, a traveller, and a cricketer—nourishes a different part of me. It’s not about managing time; it’s about embracing it.

    Get in touch with Chaitanya S.G. –

  • “I firmly believe that maintaining an academic inclination enriches one’s understanding of the law and enhances professional growth.” – Raghava Parthasarathy, Founder of Office of Raghav Parthasarathy.

    “I firmly believe that maintaining an academic inclination enriches one’s understanding of the law and enhances professional growth.” – Raghava Parthasarathy, Founder of Office of Raghav Parthasarathy.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    What inspired you to pursue a career in law? Was there a particular moment or influence in your life that steered you in this direction?

    During my school years, I developed interests in Social Studies, particularly History and Political Science. I was always intrigued by topics like civil and political rights, the Constitution, and the legal and regulatory framework that governs societies. However, when it came time to choose my stream in Plus-2, I opted for Science. This decision was heavily influenced by my parents, who believed that a background in Science would keep more academic and career options open. They often said that while one could shift from Science to Commerce or Humanities, the reverse was much harder. At the time, I wasn’t entirely happy with that decision. I felt disconnected from the subjects I was passionate about and often regretted not pursuing Humanities. But in hindsight, I now appreciate the wisdom behind my parents’ advice. Studying Science has given me the ability to grasp scientific and technological concepts with relative ease—an advantage I now value immensely. As I progressed through my Plus-2 education, it became increasingly clear that my true interests did not lie in Science. I found myself disengaged and uninspired, and I realized that continuing in this field would not fulfil me intellectually or personally. Transitioning to legal studies felt like a natural and inevitable step—a return to the subjects I was genuinely passionate about. Some of the then contemporary developments garnered my attention towards law, policy and governance. I was fortunate to have studied at JSS Law College, Mysuru, as it opened up many opportunities to explore along with like-minded friends and classmates.

    What drew you to specialize in Energy Laws during your LL.M. at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun? And now, as you pursue a Ph.D. at Gujarat National Law University, how has that academic journey shaped your legal perspective?

    My inquisitiveness towards learning law led me to explore emerging and specialised areas which were niche and still developing at that point in time. After completing my graduation, I found my interests and inclination towards International Law and Diplomacy, Dispute Resolution like Mediation and Conciliation, Financial Markets, Energy laws among others. Very few universities in India, at that point in time, offered courses beyond the traditional subjects and Energy laws garnered my interest and drew me to explore and learn more about it. Continuing with the studies, I understood the legal framework in the energy sector, specifically Oil and Gas, Power sector has tremendous potential for professional practice and in academic research. Under the guidance of my supervisor Prof. (Dr.) Shanthakumar, Director, GNLU, I am working on a Regulatory framework for the Upstream Hydrocarbon sector in India, by re-examining the present framework. 

    Reflecting on your early years in the legal field, what formative experiences deepened your understanding of the law? Are there any moments or mentors that continue to resonate with you today?

    After completing graduation and post-graduation, I gained varied and meaningful experience working under the guidance of my senior – Mr. S. Srinivasa Murthy, in Bengaluru. This foundational experience got me acquainted with nuances of litigation and client interaction. After working for a year, I had an opportunity to do Clerkship at the High Court of Karnataka. I was fortunate to work under the mentorship and guidance of Hon’ble Justice B.V. Nagarathna (now judge of the Supreme Court), then Judge at High Court of Karnataka. This Clerkship marked a major turning point for my career. It offered intricacies of judicial decision making, including interpretation of law and assessing its applicability in varied factual context. The most profound learning however, was, understanding how a judge approaches any matter, the temperament required to listen and analyse many cases on a daily basis. Clerkship opportunities, both at the High Courts and the Supreme Court, offers unparalleled insights for law graduates. The work entails preparing synopsis, case briefs, research and identifying applicable precedents, assisting in preparing articles, speeches among other duties. Clerkship fosters a deep sense of judicial discipline, highlights ethical boundaries, procedural clarity and broader appreciation of the role that courts play in delivering justice across broad spectrum of matters. 

    During your time at CEERA, NLSIU, you were involved in high-impact research and consultancy projects for institutions such as the MoEFCC, ISRO, and the Directorate of Municipal Administration. Could you share some insights into your experience there, and how your contributions influenced these projects?

    Working as a Teaching Associate at CEERA, NLSIU, Bengaluru, I had the privilege to work in legal academia and research. Under the mentorship of Prof. (Dr.) Sairam Bhat and Prof. (Dr.) M.K. Ramesh, I was involved in workshops, conferences, classroom teaching, legislative drafting, and legal research. This hands-on experience, including client consultations and litigation work, enriched my academic delivery and deepened my understanding of law in practice. Collaborating with government departments such as the Directorate of Municipal Administration (GoK) and contributing to major legislative projects like the Climate Bill and Municipalities Bill provided valuable insights into policy and governance. CEERA has actively contributed in legal and policy reforms, implemented by the Government and its various departments. My time at CEERA was instrumental in shaping my perspective as a legal academic and researcher, and I was fortunate to learn from a diverse network of dedicated peers and professionals.  

    What motivated you to establish your own legal practice? What were some of the major challenges you encountered, and how did you navigate them?

    Since 2022, I have been managing my independent legal practice in Jayanagar, Bengaluru, alongside my partner Mr. Vivek Raviprakash and our team of associates. Having been actively involved in client interactions early in my career, establishing my own chambers was a natural progression aligned with my passion for litigation. A key challenge has been building and sustaining a reliable clientele—an aspect many in independent practice will recognize. While acquiring clients is challenging, maintaining long-term relationships truly reflects a firm’s strength and professionalism.

    Another systemic issue is the judicial backlog or ‘docket explosion,’ which has increased delays in case resolution. This challenge, however, has catalyzed the growth of alternate dispute resolution methods like arbitration and mediation, offering more efficient alternatives.

    Drawing from both academic and litigation experience, I see a clear need to bridge the gap between legal education and practice. Initiatives such as moot courts, law fests, and intercollegiate sport events offer valuable platforms for students to gain exposure, build networks, and enhance their understanding beyond classroom learning. Encouraging such engagement fosters holistic growth and better prepares students for the realities of the profession. 

    You’ve appeared before a range of judicial and quasi-judicial bodies, from the High Court and other Tribunals. In your work on matters involving education and reservation policies, is there a particular experience that was challenging for you? How did you approach its legal and constitutional aspects?

    Litigation, by its nature, involves addressing both simple and complex issues that often arise from the friction between societal expectations and the existing regulatory framework. Two important cases stand out, as it ultimately led to changes in laws and guidelines. One such case is Sripathi G. v. Union of India and Others (2024:KHC:43993-DB), where the petitioner, a former member of the District Consumer Commission, was barred from practising before any Consumer Commission in India under Rule 11(2) of the 2020 Model Rules. This restriction was arbitrary and without justification. Upon challenging the rule, and shortly after notice was issued, the Central Government amended the provision, effectively removing the prohibition and restoring professional rights to retired members.

    Another notable case was Priyanka Patil v. Kendriya Sainik Board and Others (2023 SCC OnLine Kar 1), which involved constitutional issues of gender rights and discriminatory policy. The petitioner, daughter of a martyred ex-serviceman, was denied employment reservation benefits due to a clause that restricted ESM identity cards for female dependents only “till marriage or disability,” while no such condition applied to male dependents. The Karnataka High Court struck . down Clause 5(c) of the Guidelines as violative of Articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution. Following the judgment, the Kendriya Sainik Board revised its guidelines, establishing a more gender-equitable policy.

    When approaching any matter, it is essential to strategize and compile all relevant documentation. Tools such as filing RTI applications for procuring official records, effective coordination with authorities, and timely communication via letters, emails, and notices are vital in building a strong case. In matters involving the constitutional validity of central guidelines, ensuring all necessary parties are included helps prevent procedural delays and keeps the focus on the core issue.

    With your extensive background in both litigation and academia, what key advice would you give to young lawyers starting out, especially those who aim to bridge courtroom practice and policy engagement?

    Based on my experiences since law school, I would like to reassure students who feel anxious about their future that a legal education opens up a wide array of opportunities. It is essential to take internships seriously, using them not just for exposure but also to develop key professional skills. In today’s evolving landscape, the legal profession is incredibly versatile and intersects with almost every sector of society. Career options range from traditional paths like the judiciary, advocacy, and clerkships, to roles as policy and legislative consultants, members of the armed forces through the JAG branch, corporate legal professionals, in-house counsels, Academics and Teaching, and ADR specialists such as arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators, Insolvency Professionals and freelancing. Emerging fields like legal tech, energy laws, AI and data privacy among other  upcoming areas present promising prospects.

    The key lies in staying vigilant and proactive in identifying and pursuing these opportunities. My own journey over the past years in practice has been both fruitful and enlightening. I firmly believe that maintaining an academic inclination enriches one’s understanding of the law and enhances professional growth. It also enables legal practitioners to engage meaningfully with stakeholders beyond the courtroom, contributing to broader conversations in their areas of interest. I am a firm believer that Academicians must be permitted to practise and appear in courts, as that would enhance the academic standards throughout the country.

    Given the high-pressure nature of legal work, especially when balancing court cases and government consultancy, how do you take care of your mental health and sustain your well-being?

    One of the key lessons I have learned through my professional journey is the importance of coordination, team-building, and effective delegation. These elements are crucial not only for achieving sustained performance but also for long-term growth. The support of family plays an equally vital role in navigating the demands of the legal profession. I am fortunate to have the unwavering support of my friend and wife, Geethanjali K.V., an IP law practitioner, with whom I often engage in enriching discussions that broaden my perspectives on both law and life.

    To manage the pressures that come with the profession and life in general, I have found it essential to maintain a balanced routine. Personally, cooking and working out serve as meaningful outlets that help me de-stress and stay grounded. Ultimately, I believe that when one is committed to the profession, it has a way of giving back—providing purpose, resilience, and fulfilment.

    Get in touch with Raghava Parthasarathy –

  • Crafting a Legal Legacy: The Journey from International Training to High-Stakes Litigation – Anurag Katarki, Barrister, Advocate and Founder of the Chambers of Anurag Katarki.

    Crafting a Legal Legacy: The Journey from International Training to High-Stakes Litigation – Anurag Katarki, Barrister, Advocate and Founder of the Chambers of Anurag Katarki.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    I’ll start with the very, very important, and first and pertinent question, how and when did you decide to become a Barrister and an Advocate? And how was your journey? When did it start and how is it going? What kind of challenges have you faced still now?

     Thank you for the question. Coming from Delhi, obviously it being the litigation hub, my school was right near the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court.

    So it was always on the way to school. I would see the courts, the lawyers. It was very intriguing to me. And then, a funny anecdote, when I was in 11th or 12th, I remember I had taken commerce with maths and I was so traumatized with maths. Then the next question came, where can I make money where math won’t be required and I don’t have to use trigonometry.

    So there were few options which came out of which, again, law came, so I thought, might as well. Maybe that’s destiny. So that was the main reason why I started with law. It was a very stupid excuse, I must say, but everything’s written. I went to the UK. I was in University of Warwick where I did my undergrad, LLB. Unlike India, there what you do is you learn the substantive law in your undergrad. That is your LLB. That’s for three years. And then you either become a barrister or a solicitor, wherever you learn the procedural aspects. So solicitors are the ones who work in law firms. They are the ones who interact with the clients who make your witness statements or draft your petition. Barristers are a bit of a different side of the disputes.

    Barristers are the ones who have the right of audience. That means they’re the ones who argue in court. So the training to be a barrister is quite different. It’s more about reading skills. It’s more of technicality and more into law. I mean, I’m sure both require their own sets of skills. Being a solicitor on the original side and being able to deduce that evidence from the client is a separate art, which barristers don’t have to do because then the paperwork already comes to them and you have to apply your brain just towards the right affording suspect.

    So I was trained to be a barrister there, which opened my insights a lot. The way of education that we got there was quite different. Coming from a CBSE background where in our board exams, we were required to write probably a 300 word essay and suddenly entering into this university where within the first week I’m given an assignment to write a 3000 word essay.

    It was challenging for all of us. I still remember, okay, so I wrote that essay and then they were like, but this is already there in the book. Like, what do you want? Law is already there and I’m giving you the law. And that’s where they taught me what analytical thinking was. And I think it was very important. Honestly, coming from the CBSE background, I did find it a bit disadvantageous, initially.

    Took me a year to grasp and understand how this functions, how the essay writing functions, how do you write 5,000 words when you can do the same for 500 words. That’s also an art. Yeah, it was a very different form of education system. Some things I would say they should learn from India and some things I would really suggest India should learn from them.

    Like when I was trying to be a barrister, we used to have recorded sessions of cross-examination or examination in chief or client handling. The biggest thing is client handling. What questions do you need to ask your clients while also protecting yourself under the ethical rules?

    Like a simple thing if you’re doing mainly criminal trials. You won’t ask him a question, did you do it? Because the moment you say that and he answers that question to you, you can’t now take a not guilty plea. So ethical standards also come around, I’m sure. So these are things I’m not saying people have  mal intention  or anything, but these are things that need to be taught.

    Problem is, I don’t see in Indian law schools that are being taught, I was fortunate enough to have been taught that. And whenever I have interns, I always tell them that when you’re talking to a client, be very careful because it is a double edged sword. Anything and everything that they reveal to you, though it is bound by attorney client privilege, but you also have the advocates Act and you need to be careful in navigating your way through both of them, by using it harmoniously.

    So these are a few things that I learned there, how it was different. Then obviously after doing law, I was really motivated to come back to India because I love my country. I love the way things function. It may be chaotic, but I love the chaos. So I decided to take that leap of faith and coming back to India. I remember I was with Mr.Ciccu sir, in Delhi for a couple of years, one and a half years or so, where, I mean, I was exposed to the world of arbitrations, which was a very new ballgame. And, considering I was a barrister, so I had the license to practice in arbitration, so until I get my formal license in India to practice, so that way it was better for me to do that.

    A very good experience in international arbitrations. And then I moved to Bombay, took another leap of faith, left my hometown Delhi, and then moved to a completely different city, the financial capital of India. It was an eyeopener. It taught me a lot.  AZB was amazing that way. The work was high pressure, I won’t lie, but what you learn in a short span of time is invaluable because you have such volumes of cases and the type of cases.

    There are humongous disputes for hundreds and thousands of crores. How a big firm functions, how 20 lawyers put their brain in one case. And, yeah, I mean, it was a very good learning process and that way Bombay has been kind and cruel at the same time. It always uses the carrot and stick story.

    If you screw around, you’ll get beaten. If you’re nice, you get that carrot. So yeah, it’s been a good journey so far.

    Keeping that in mind, in the early stages of your career, you gained invaluable experiences with Senior Advocate, Ciccu Mukhopadhaya,  the kind of challenges you may have faced because you were transitioning from UK to India and the way it works over here, how did these kind of experiences contribute to your understanding of the kind of arbitrations that we do on national, or rather domestic level and international arbitration; so how do you see your transition along with the transition of arbitration itself?

      I mean, true, like you said, arbitration has scaled great heights in India.

    When I moved from the UK, I remember doing some internships in mini pupilages in the UK especially. The most notable one was Blackstone Chambers that I was there, I was fortunate enough to assist the seniors that time. The Queen’s Council now King’s councils in the Gina Miller case, though, not an arbitration, but it was Gina Miller is the famous Brexit case.

    So there I saw barristers sitting one entire month on one case. So as a new law student, that is something very new, how well prepared you all are, and even the competition is as well prepared. India has a very different work game. I’m not comparing the two of anything about competency or quality.

    Both require a different set of skills. They are shocked when they see Indian senior counselors appearing in five cases in a day. They’re like how is this possible? Here one barrister is sitting for an entire month for one case. How is this person doing five appearances in one day. It’s shocking to know. It requires a different set of skills to do. When I started litigation, the moment I came back to India, that switch was quite different.

    It was shocking. It was amazing how in chaos they are still functioning properly. That was an eye opener how this is happening. Now, specific context of arbitrations. During that time, international arbitrations were growing. Now I foresee a dip in the arbitrations because of a lot of things.

    A, how the government is also taking a not so pro arbitration stand now, with more than INR 10 crores of government contracts removing the arbitration clause. Stamp duties being imposed on awards. Very high stamp duties, especially like now, the recent Maharashtra Stamp Act, so it will hinder arbitration going forward. Considering also the list of non arbitrability of disputes being expanded.

    It has come to a point. It feels like sometimes nothing is applicable. But yeah, talking about that golden period when I was here with Ciccu sir, very amazing. It was like dust. So anywhere you hit a case law is gonna get settled about different parts of things, be it seat versus venue obligations, be it pre-enforcement deposits.

    And then set aside the definition of patent illegality being expanded and then again being narrowed down, the stamping of arbitration issue. These all are really enthralling issues which have been taken the course of arbitration in India. Specifically with Ciccu sir, I was fortunate to assist him in international arbitrations.

    The most fond memory I have was when I went to Paris with him for a CIAC arbitration. So the biggest question everyone asked was, oh, why Paris if it’s CIAC? So the seat and venue argument again comes out there that Paris was the venue, that Singapore is the seat, substantive law is theIndian contract Act.

    So three 3 types of law, procedural, substantive, and the seat (jurisdictional). So it was enthralling to witness how SIAC functions at an international level. We had all the top arbitrators in the world in that, the biggest names that you can understand, how professionally it was being conducted, how every line was being transcribed, was very important to see.

    And the best part was in the night, our job was to inspect if everything’s written is right or not, because by chance there’s an issue. Then how witnesses were cross examined, how the Chinese walls were always maintained regardless of how they are based, that there is no intimidation or anything going on.

    It was a very good experience and you learn different facets of law. When you go for enforcement or set aside how Singapore views it and how India views it. India, I would still say has a bit more broader scope than Singapore, but maybe it’s needed because it’s different geographical, geopolitical, demographic issues that we have here.

    Considering now that argument, which is going on in the Supreme Court regarding, section 34, that is a set aside application should they be allowed to modify the award. Now that is something which is, I don’t know what the Supreme Court’s going to say because I have views on both sides.

    If you allow them to modify it, then very well, because otherwise what happens, the moment you set aside, you go back to clock zero and you stop. But the moment you get the power, the modify, then what’s the point, there is a normal court proceeding where you’re giving appellate powers. So it’s a very difficult thing. The scope in India, and at least in the last 10 years since the amendment has come, the act after 96 close to 18 years, that amendment came 18, 19 years. Since then, a lot of things have changed. Arbitration was booming. Maybe with these recent amendments or the government stand and the highest stamp duty, it may take a hit. But if you want to have India as a very high on the charts on the ease of doing business, we have to be pro arbitration.

    So that is my takeaway from the last 7 to 8 years of practice in arbitration.

     How did you decide to start your own law firm, your own chambers, and what was the motivation behind it? And the kind of challenges? I’m pretty sure you must have faced. We request you to share some of those with the kind of solutions that you came up with because you started this at such an early age. It’ll be very beneficial for our learners to understand how they can also brush themselves to go through this particular path. 

     Sure. I mean, I was fortunate enough to become a barrister at the age of 21, 22. So I was quite young when I already had all the accolades. I had an undergrad and I had a barrister degree. I was just 22. So I moved to India at that time. I was one of the youngest in the course also there, everyone else is 26, 27 or 29.

    I was the only kid there. So it helped me mature up faster because the people around me are all 5, 7 years elder to me. I was in AZB. Like I said, the matters were so big that 20 lawyers are working on it. But then somehow I just felt that I’m not getting to do the work that I wanted. Because of such magnanimity, you’re not able to do the entire work.

    Though everyone is given a specific job, otherwise it’s not going to  get done. Only the partner knows the entire case holistically. Otherwise, you all are doing your separate job as needed. So I realized that, let me just understand this. And, I really have the hunger to learn and do cases from start to finish.

    I’ll make the index and make the list of dates and draft the petition. I want to argue also. Everything I wanted to do. I want to do it. So I had that little kid in me who never thought things through that time, I was young, so maybe, one day I just decided that no, I don’t want to be a small part of a big project.

    I’d rather do the entire project by myself regardless of how small it is. The kid in me never sought advice from anyone also, it was just a pure instinct move and I left. And life taught me a lot of things that way. One case led to another. One thing I learned, you need to be fearless. Fearlessness and stupidity have a very thin line, so you got to be careful there as well.

    You got to take your steps slowly, but calculative, but also not be scared. Because the moment you venture out in independent practice, there are a lot of things that you need to be careful of. It’s not just your ego that you want to do it alone. It’s the client’s case at risk. Sometimes it is their freedom if you’re doing bails, sometimes it is their hard earned money if you’re doing a civil case, sometimes it is their house if you’re doing a redevelopment agreement and the issues that come around there, it is their house. If you do it wrong now he’s going to be homeless. So there’s a lot of pressure also, high stake pressure there. You should never be afraid of asking help from anyone. Never think that if you’re asking from help, maybe you’re getting demeaned.

    Your job is to ask for help. I remember catching anyone  in the Bombay Bar and going and meeting and started talking to them. I still remember 4 years ago, my first office was the High Court library. Because, I couldn’t  afford to buy so many books. All these books are very expensive.

    Bombay real estate is very expensive. Anywhere you go to rent an office, it’s really expensive. And I was that time around 25, 26, and I didn’t feel right to take money from my father. I’m an independent guy and I had my savings a little bit from a AZB, I thought, let me venture this out. So I’ve seen it from the ground up.

    From my days of having my first office in the High Court library with the rotating chairs, whoever sat in your chair, has sat now.  So no fixed office that way. So I would think positively, I’d say I have many offices and I have a huge collection of books, which is for free. So that’s where it started.

    One thing led to another. You got to be courageous. You got to learn throughout your life. Like you said, I’m very young and I would consider myself to be a student of law forever because law is something where you learn something new every day. Today I may know the law and the other person might come up with a new argument, which is intriguing.

    Then I’ll learn something. And the same thing even I have done. Sometimes I might think this is a very foolish argument, but I have won the case on that. I don’t know how judge saw sense in it. Maybe I wasn’t seeing it. So it was a very enthralling experience. Because I didn’t have foresight of which type of case is going to come to me, any client who would repose faith in me and took over that case.

    So maybe that way I became fortunate enough to have a very expansive field of practice. I remember doing IBC, oppression mismanagement. I remember having a client who came to me for Armed Forces Tribunal. I have nothing to do with Armed Forces Tribunal, like I’ve been only a commercial litigation lawyer.

    It was a very enthralling experience. Then I remember a friend came to me for his share subscription agreement, and lucky for him, he got selected by the Y Combinator and now he has raised a hundred million. So through his journey, like when he was in the nascent stage I  did that share subscription, but every round he came back to me because then I understood the startup game, how it is going, what are the common pitfalls businesses face?

    What are the challenges founders face? What are the challenges investors face? What are the regulatory requirements that they always overlook? What are the employment law requirements that they generally overlook? And I’m a very big fan of tech, so I keep a note of all of it. So it’s a very good database for me also to sit and analyze across industries so that way the other startups also started.

    So they started with the STEM toys and gaming, gambling, then drone tech, health tech. And as lawyers, one thing I’ve always suggested is not just about the law. It is you need to understand the industry better than your client, because then only he’s going to respect you. Only when you know his industry better than him is when he’ll understand, okay, you understand my problem genuinely.

    It’s not just the law that you’re telling me. This even online I can see. So it’s very important for you to understand the industry that they’re in. What is the issue in that industry? Because how you say, what is a startup? It’s a innovative or an inventive way of finding solution to a problem. Now, first you should see why haven’t other people done it?

    Is it so difficult? Are you Einstein? How did you come up with this? There should be some issue why they’re not doing it. Is there a legal issue? Does the law not allow It? Are the taxes too high? Are the cess too high in that industry? Maybe there’s a high GST. Maybe that’s why it’s not working. Maybe something like Bitcoin where the government is only not clear whether it’s legal or illegal, but yet put 28% tax on it.

    So the model is only not viable. So all these things you need to advise clients, even though you’re not expected to know this, but you will only be able to serve your client to the best of interest when you know all these things. So that’s what I’ve learned in my humble experience till now.

    It has been a good journey. I hope it gets better.

    We would request you to share your experience about how you get called to the Bar by The Honourable Society of Gray’s Inn, the kind of things that one has to do in his or her legal career for that particular qualification of getting as a barrister, it’ll also help the learners, and I would request you also, in case you have some insight about the SQE qualifications, which usually Indian lawyers can qualify and register themselves over there and practice in UK because you already have seen that particular world,  there is a possibility that we’ll get to know more about it, obviously from the firsthand experience?

      Sure. I mean, I can’t comment much on SQE, but SQE is always, that’s a solicitor route. I think they have changed the name also now. They keep on changing names. Can’t help it. Even for a barrister, during my time it was BPTC.

    Now it is BVC, BFC. I don’t know. They keep on changing God knows for what reason, but yeah solicitor is obviously the easiest way for Indians. If you’re going to migrate to the UK. You won’t get right of audience. solicitors  don’t have right of audience. You can practice in the lowest court that is a magistrate court or the crown court.

    But not above that, above that you need to take another exam or something through which you may get a right of audience. But having said that, for Indians, generally people who are going there, if you think a law firm is the safest bet for you, of course, you would rather do the SQE than do the barrister because obviously you have jobs in law firms which are better paying and more secure.

    You might have to work a lot. But obviously it’s way more secure and you have a fixed pay. Coming to the barrister side. First, I’ll just give you a highlight of the process, at least during my time how it was. For us, if we had to do an undergrad in the UK, LLB and then do this, or there’s one more thing called GDL, that is a one year, super law course, as I call it. So we do all the subjects in one year, all the major subjects are trust, law, contract law, Tort law, and criminal. These are the major ones, which everyone has to do. There may be some electives you’ll have to take, but all within one year, so very daunting. For Indian lawyers maybe you can write to the Bar Standards Board, that is the BSB, there to seek an exemption, saying that you have studied, that India is also a common law jurisdiction. How contract law is an act given by them. Mostly the principles. The principles are the same everywhere, in any common law jurisdiction. So if we can make an argument and show that you have some years of practice and seek an exemption from doing the GDL or anything, then comes the course or the BPTC course, maybe whatever the new acronym that they have put in now, I don’t know. So in that, what happens is that, A is that you get into that course. Second is you become a member of one of the four inns of court. So that’s Gray’s Inn, Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Lincoln’s Inn. So from Lincoln’s Inn, you have our Jawaharlal Nehru, from Middle Temple you have Sardar Patelji, from Gray’s Inn we have Mr.Ambedkar. That’s why personally, I had chose Gray’s Inn because of that, since it was the smallest and the youngest. Lincoln’s Inn is the oldest and the biggest. There comes your Inner temple where you had Gandhiji. So, I mean, you become a member of these four inns of court. Some people have their interview process also.

    It’s a process that you need to apply, get recommendations. Interviews are being conducted and then you are admitted as a member of the inns of court. So now to get the big call to a bar, you need to do 12 qualifying sessions in the inns of court, which can range from dinners to moots to lectures to trial to mock trials, anything. These all happen in their ancient old halls, which are like all 500 years old or 600 years old. Halls like if you have seen Harry Potter, how they dine. So that dining shoot has happened in Lincoln’s Inn. So that’s how we all barristers used to dine. We all used to go on our big gowns.

    And then there’s your master’s table where there’s the king’s councilors and the queen’s councilors and the guests for that time dinner or lecturers come and then we all would sit in sets of two students and two practicing barristers. So that way we could also communicate. We would get to know people in the fraternity.

    We get to know their experience. They might also impart some wisdom to us. It was nice. Then comes the hardest part, which are the exams. So your course starts sometime in September and till May, so roughly 6 months, 6 to 8 months. During this period from Jan onwards, your exams will start.

    So every month expect to have 3 exams.  The exams would be like arbitration. And here all the procedural law comes. Like, remember when I told you the substantive as an undergrad, procedure is there, so your CRPC, CPC,  arbitration. Then comes your opinion writing, drafting, cross-examination, examination in chief, presenting an application.

    Then comes ethics. So these all courses are there, and you have to get a minimum 60% in each to pass. No one gets above 80, so you need to fall in that middle bracket of 60 to 80. They fail you by one mark also. And the first thing that you hear when you enter the barrister courses, look to your left, look to your right 30% will run away by next month. That is a normal thing. But yeah, it’s fruitful. The experience is fruitful and when you come out you also see the change in you, how your skills have been sharpened, how pinpointed questions you ask and how you present yourself in court. Before the course and after the course are a very different experience.

    And I can say this because I know lawyers who were lawyers in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and they have come here and done this course, they’ve been practicing for 10 years. They themselves shared that their skills are now sharpened. 

    You’ve had exposure to global jurisdictions through your legal journey — what major changes did you notice in yourself through this process, and what motivated your return to India? How did you navigate the transition back, and did your familiarity with Delhi help? Additionally, how did you develop the skill of reading clients and understanding the psychology behind cases and businesses?

     So, like I said, these are courses that have to be taught in India. So we were taught this day in and day out, so every week we used to have a recorded lecture, like I’m sitting with a professional actor and doing cross-examination or interview of the client, conducting an interview of when he or she has come and told me like I have to prep them for the cross-examination tomorrow.

    So I’m like, okay, come, let’s sit. I’ll ask you a few questions you have to answer. You need to understand what question not to ask. And you’re trained in? These things are very important. People in India always say we will learn through practice. Even if I was in India, I would also like to learn through practice, I can read about it.

    But I didn’t know there were books like these. There are very nice books written out there regarding opinion writing or client management or conducting cross-examination, even for pleadings. I remember the first book I bought was How to Plead Without Tears. I’m forgetting the author, but that was the title of the book, the first book I borrowed from the library.

    So these are things, like I said, when I was in India, I didn’t know of this. Once I went there and when a professional actor, and usually the teachers are the ones who are practicing barristers, so these are part-time teachers, technically they’re only coming for that one course. And then going back to their practicing scene.

    So they would give their personal anecdotes, give you more wisdom, and that is very important in shaping my ideology also. Second thing is how in India people take a lot of their friends, family cases. Though it is not illegal, the Advocates Act only doesn’t allow you to appear for blood relatives.

    But generally what they taught me and why I clearly agree was especially in litigation, if not corporate, is you should be fully independent. The moment you have a client in litigation with whom you have a personal relation or anything, it’s not that it is illegal or anything, I would say that your judgment is clogged because then you start taking it personally.

    And also you are not being true to the ethical values because if you see your duty towards the court is paramount, it’s above your duty towards the client. That’s what the advocates act also says. When you have somewhat vested interest. I’m not saying monetary only because he’s your friend, maybe you’re a bit more emotional about that case.

    Maybe it’s your relative, you’re a bit more emotional. It clouds your judgment. You’re not able to understand the counter-arguments, and that’s when the other lawyer who is totally independent will get the better of you. Because more often than not in court, you can write 10,000 pages of pleadings.

    The judge is only gonna listen to you, to the council. So 90% is a council, 10% obviously, you can’t plead facts, which you haven’t submitted in your pleadings, but as to law especially. Unless you are independent, your judgment will be clogged. And that’s my personal experience . And that’s the main thing that I was taught there.

    And I completely agree with that.

    Over the course of your career, you have appeared in various cases at the Supreme Court of India as well, which are of significant matter. If you don’t mind sharing some of the highlights of a few intriguing cases, also, the kind of complexities and how you navigate through that whole process.

    Because as you were trained to do that particular research at length, how have you made sure that you do it in a limited period of time that is given to you, and how have you navigated the whole process?

     Actually more than that, I would add one more. Not just a limited period of time, but also the limited period of speaking time that you get in the court.

    The Supreme court is a very different practice than any other court, unless you are a very known face of how like the big stalwarts are, the court wants to listen to them. Everyone in the audience also wants to listen to them. When Mr. Sibal talks, Mr. Singhvi talks, all these all these are like songs when they’re talking, we are like please keep going, even if it is for hours because we get to learn so much from them.

    When someone like me steps in, who still has only one or two gray hair, they don’t listen to you. They’ll give you probably 2 minutes, 5 minutes if they are generous, or maybe it’s very contentious. The longest I’ve gone is half an hour, and as we know, 9 out of 10 cases are thrown on the pre notice change. In the Supreme Court there’s a very old saying, if you have notice issued then 80% of the case is won. Then you get to know if your true counsel, if you’re able to get the case dismissed after the notice is issued, because getting the notice issue is a very high threshold. Something like the Supreme Court, I mean cases which are very close to my heart is one I remember I argued, Lieutenant’s matter.

    I was fortunate enough to appear before the Additional Solicitor General of India. We had a lot of heated arguments. It was a matter of Article 21 right to life. My client was paralyzed and he was being invalidated from service and also asked to leave the hospital. Where will a paralyzed man go?

    That was the biggest thing. Where do we let the paralyzed man go? We can’t just leave him on the streets. So that was a very interesting argument. He brought in Article 21. We used a little bit of our own brain process, like they were throwing him out of the hospital. And I started asking for a release, which relates to US surgery.

    I took them to the US and the judge, I remember Deepanker Dutta was there and he’s like, you want surgery in the US? Where do you think you are? This is in India, like this, do you think we send everyone to the US? So then I was like, okay sir, please give it to me in AIMS only then. He’s like he is already in a government hospital now, I was like but they’re removing him, and he’s like no, no, he can be there. That’s what I ultimately wanted.

    So it was good. So that was one case that I’m really proud of. That was my first pro bono case. I thought at least I did whatever I could for the client, unfortunately he is no more. Then another, I remember my first case was against Mr. M.R.Shah, it was small, I mean, I won’t consider it small that way. It was a very small point of law where the workers were supposed to be given compensation.

    Poor workers were being tortured and tormented. Somewhere in 2002 during construction, they fell. One person severed their hand, 20 people fell like that, and the contractor and the agency weren’t giving them their insurance amount. I remember I appeared before Mr.M.R.Shah And no one appeared for the respondents.

    He asked me pinpointed questions. And before me, mine was serial number 11, I remember, the first 10 were dismissed. First 10 were dismissed, or no one got notice issued. I was there and the respondents didn’t appear. He grilled me for 10 minutes and I was like, why is this guy doing this to me?

    These are poor people. And I was still young. I was just 26, 27 years old. These are poor people, they deserve their thing, unnecessarily this appeal has been filed too after a delay, and the High Court for reasons best known to them allowed the appeal. So after I filed this, he grilled, grilled, grilled.

    Then suddenly I saw an order where he has given me, he has issued notice, and he has written some good things about me like counsel vehemently argued. So these small pleasures of life that you enjoy. You like why you are doing this job. Law is something which is…, I mean, sure monetary aspect is there, but you can’t join this profession, especially litigation if you are just looking at the monetary aspect because more often than not, you will have many clients who cannot afford, but you really wanna help them because ultimately they have no other way to get justice.

    So council practice is very different, and if you’re only looking at the monetary aspect, I would suggest don’t get to council practice that easily unless you have a lot of monetary support.

    I’m pretty sure you must have gone through a lot of these kinds of exciting cases where you not only learn, but others also have learned from you. Can you share your experience about advising the investors and acting as an external legal counsel, especially for drone tech manufacturers, and you are also involved in the agricultural sector, the drone use in the agricultural sector.

    How have you approached that? What kind of due diligence is conducted? The kind of agreements that are made, or how do you actually address the issues or challenges in these legal fees, which are actually emerging industries. How have you gotten into this and how do you see that technology is going to be a change factor for legal practice itself?

    See, tech is coming and everywhere, everything nowadays tech is being added. Legal tech is there. Drone tech is there. The other day I met someone who was into spiritual tech. I don’t know what that means. I dunno what that means but I’m intrigued to know, like you specifically asked about drone tech.

    And actually recently I met another client, which is into anti drone tech. He is like everyone’s making a drone, I’ll make an anti drone. So it’s very interesting what’s going on. Specifically if you talk about agritech in combination with drone tech, a lot of things come in, A, obviously licensing. You can’t just fly a drone.

    You need your DGCA license. You need licensed pilots, you need trained pilots. You need a proper training school. You need to make sure that the data that you are collecting, you have taken consent. Consent is most important. And, the DPDP act, though it has come, the rules haven’t come, so you’re not able to enforce it.

    Some people have already found loopholes. Some people are like, okay, tech as if it is online, I’m gonna write a ticket for it, and then process the data. So unless case laws come, we can’t navigate through all this. A lot of SPDI rules, information tech. Now drones are also flying. Now a lot of times happened like, had an instance scenario where the drone fell and it burned the entire crop.

    Who is liable? Insurance company saying we are not liable to pay because we covered the drone catching on fire and falling while we are not responsible for this crop. And fortunately, unfortunately, everything was dry grass. What do you do? The villagers have tied the pilot who had come to fly the drone.

    They’re not leaving him, giving the money back. So these are complex issues which come around. You have to navigate, you have to get proper insurance and such things. You need to make sure that the testing for the drone is right. The pilot who’s been given the drone is safe, secure, properly licensed.

    The data that you’re using, you have full consent to, not only to collect, but also to monetize it. Otherwise, tomorrow you might have a claim from the landowner who will say, I’m also part owner of this data. Such complications are always going to come. You need to make sure that there’s a proper title towards those drones as well.

    A lot of people imagine that the drone falls where it is, the drone is 10 kilometers away from you. A lot of people take the parts and run away. That also happens. Someone say, this is mine. So security also has to be taken care of. It’s a very niche industry that you need to take care of. I need to also, every time, sit with the founders and see what their vision is.

    Is your job just to spray pesticides through a drone? Covering 20 kilometers? Fair. Is your job also to put an infrared camera and see what is the output of this? Where all is the pesticide spraying, where it is spraying, where the output coming is less or more. All these are important issues which need to ask the founders as to how they are gonna navigate.

    Do they plan on having this and monetizing this, or they just want to set up a company? So all these questions need to ask in accordingly, different, different acts coming. So it has to do a lot with what the founder’s vision is. If you have very low business capacity and very low investment, maybe just a simple drone with the pesticide you will need to  just spray it.

    You wanna go through a high tech process, output data, input data, get every small thing about the crop. Is this crop good, viable? What vegetable should grow there? This all requires a lot of SPDI rules. DPDP rules, information tech rules. A lot of things happen.

    Given your diverse national and international experience, what advice would you offer to legal aspirants entering tech-related fields, especially in terms of necessary qualities, strategic preparation, and managing mental health alongside the demands of a legal career?

      See, obviously, law, especially litigation as a profession, I would suggest only do it if you have the passion for it. And especially when you are independent, like how I am. Work-life balance has no meaning only. If you don’t have work, you’ll be sitting in anxiety.

    If you have work, you’ll be very grateful to God and you’ll work till 4 am also. So for me, I just can’t relate to it. Maybe when I was working in a law firm, yeah. I would say, oh, why am I getting called at 2:00 AM in the night? I don’t wanna work, I wanna sleep. Now I get a call at 2:00 AM the night. Yes, of course I’ll be there.

    So it’s very different perspectives. The day I left and I saw I’m loving what I’m doing, I work any hour because I get that excitement. Until you’re getting that excitement, everything seems like a chore then I mean, you won’t wanna do it as and when you like. So only enter this profession if you have that passion. Second, you have to keep your diet very well, because the problem with this is we are in a desk job.

    This is all a desk job, so use bound to gain weight, especially the way things are out here now. Eating outside, unhealthy, unfiltered, questionable oil food. It’s going to take a toll on your mental health because the only way your physical health is fine is when this is going to be fine. And considering with so much involvement of technology and everything, mental health does take a huge shift.

    So always suggest everyone to keep everything disciplined. Learn to work out for at least half an hour a day. Eat healthy, eat home food. Best part, nothing will happen. If you eat home, you eat puri at home, it’s fine as long as it’s home food. The outside oil you don’t know what’s in there, They’re cooking in the same oil for 10 days.

    Second, obviously the passion has to be there and everything ultimately flows from the Constitution. I have it right here. This is the father of everything, every time you have a doubt. What is this law? I’m not understand. Read from where it has come. It has to come from the Constitution, only the Constitution gives that authority, the power to make that law. So the day you understand Constitutions. All your issues regarding complexity of laws will go and any new law which also comes, you will know how to understand it if you understand the Constitution. So every law student, I always suggest that constitutional law is not just for someone who practices in the red jurisdictions or only the Supreme Court.

    It is for everyone because you could be doing corporate anything, but to interpret that statute, you need to understand the Constitution, and this is the golden rule for everything.

    Get in touch with Anurag Katarki –

  • “Knowledge, reputation and success are built slowly, case by case, argument by argument.” – Tejasva Mehra, Practicing Advocate at Supreme Court of India.

    “Knowledge, reputation and success are built slowly, case by case, argument by argument.” – Tejasva Mehra, Practicing Advocate at Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With almost a decade of experience and an established practice today, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? Was becoming a lawyer always part of your plan, or did you come to it gradually over time?

    I decided to pursue law relatively early in life because I always felt a deep desire to do something meaningful for the society at large and to create a real impact. I grew up witnessing my mother devoting 16 to 18 hours of her day in public service. I would wake up every morning to find our drawing room full of people who had come to discuss their concerns and problems. Watching her tirelessly listen to them and help them find a way forward left a profound impression on me. It taught me the value of empathy, responsibility and standing up for others.

    Although I am a first-generation lawyer and had no direct access to the legal world, I was fortunate to interact with some of the finest lawyers in the country. I was always in awe of their distinct personalities and eloquence, their command over the law, awareness of the social issues and the sheer force of conviction with which they carried themselves. Their work inspired me and somewhere deep within, I knew this was the path I wanted to pursue. 

    But perhaps what sealed my destiny was my Nanaji, who always dreamed of seeing me as a practicing lawyer. He was a great admirer of Sh. Nani Palkhivala, and he often spoke of his brilliance, his courtroom charisma and the respect he commanded. That admiration became a seed that grew within me. It aspired me to follow in the footsteps of those who use the law not just as a profession but as a powerful instrument of change. 

    After completing your law degree, you pursued a Master of Laws (LLM) at the University of California, Los Angeles, specializing in Entertainment, Media, and Intellectual Property Law, along with Pretrial Criminal Litigation. What motivated you to choose UCLA and these specific specializations? How did your education there differ from legal education in India, and were there any challenges you faced during the application process?

    I chose to pursue Intellectual Property and Entertainment Laws for my master’s because these areas of law have an increasing global importance and have a universal character, often protected and harmonized through mutually signed international treaties. Its global relevance and increasing demand particularly appealed to me. 

    I chose Criminal Pretrial Advocacy as my minor because I have always been deeply interested in understanding the criminal justice systems across different jurisdictions. It gave me an insight to the jury system followed in the US and for our assignments, I also got a chance to visit the LA County Superior Court to witness trials of the ongoing cases. 

    As for my choice of UCLA School of Law, the decision was significantly influenced by the advice of my Guru, Hon’ble Justice A.K. Sikri. He guided me to prioritize the strength of the faculty of an institution. UCLA offered exactly that – an exceptional faculty with real world experience, especially in the fields of IP and Entertainment Laws. Being located in the heart of Hollywood, UCLA provides unparalleled access to professors who have worked with major studios and production houses, offering a practical and industry-oriented education. It also offered unique networking and internship opportunities. 

    In terms of education, there was a significant difference from India. I felt that the curriculum and teaching at UCLA emphasised more on critical thinking, in depth research and practical application than the rigid curriculum followed in India. The lectures at UCLA were more interactive with active participation of the students, critical analysis and continuous assessment through assignments, mock trials and presentations. Also, the strictness towards plagiarism is something which I feel needs to get implemented in our Indian education system. 

    The early stages of a lawyer’s career often shape one’s understanding of the law. Looking back at your journey, whether as a legal researcher/ law clerk under Justice A.K. Sikri at the Supreme Court of India or as a Legal Associate at Shakti Vahini NGO, what are some of the pivotal experiences that helped form the foundation of your legal career?

     I feel blessed and honoured to have worked under Justice A.K. Sikri as his law clerk/ legal researcher. The experience was not just professionally enriching, but deeply transformative on a personal level as well. Other than the fact that I got to work on some of the most sensitive and high profile cases at the time, I learnt a lot about being humble in life and honest towards your work. Justice Sikri carries a rare blend of deep legal wisdom and an open inquisitive mind. Despite his towering stature in the legal field, his extremely hectic and intense work schedule, he was always approachable and would often encourage a discussion and be open to an independent thought. He fostered an environment where I felt valued and confident even though I was fresh out of law school. I truly believe that my time working as a judicial clerk under Justice Sikri was the perfect start to my legal journey – a rare combination of rigorous legal work, inspiring mentorship and invaluable interactions. My time working under him really helped me boost my confidence and learn the most important lessons of life – work hard and be humble. 

    As I said, I always wanted to serve the society and make an impact, Shakti Vahini helped me to achieve that and the experience I got was profoundly transformative. Shakti Vahini is working towards strengthening women and child rights in India. During my tenure working at Shakti Vahini, I got an opportunity to work on several cases involving minors who were trafficked in Delhi from all parts of the country and exploited for prostitution, child labour and child marriages. I provided legal assistance and representation to these victims once they were rescued and also got an opportunity to be a part of various rescue operations, their counselling sessions and rehabilitation process. I also engaged in legal research and authored papers assessing the shortcomings in our legal system and proposed reforms aimed at making the justice system more efficient, accessible and sensitive to the needs of these minor victims who are extremely vulnerable. I had just returned from the US after completing my masters when I decided to commit my time to pro bono work and got this opportunity. This was a real eye-opener. It reshaped my perspective and exposed me firsthand to the disturbing realities faced by society’s most vulnerable, deepening my commitment to justice and reform. 

    During your time as a Senior Associate at Rajiv Mohan Law Offices, you were involved in high-profile criminal cases. Could you share some of the most challenging aspects of handling one such complex case, particularly with respect to the legal intricacies of laws such as the IPC, NDPS Act, PC Act and PMLA?  

     During my time working under Sh. Rajiv Mohan, I received hands-on training in the nuances of criminal trial practice which included right from preparing for bails, arguments on charge to crafting effective cross-examinations and strategically developing a defence throughout the course of a trial. I also got an opportunity to work on appeals in several high profile cases where the accused were convicted of most heinous offences. His meticulous approach to each stage of a criminal case gave me an invaluable foundation in trial advocacy. One of the most enriching aspects of this experience was the open discussions and brainstorming sessions every evening. The evenings before witness examinations were spent drafting and refining questions often dictated by him with great precision and purpose. It was during these sessions that I truly grasped the art of cross-examination. He often emphasized: “Always know what not to put to a witness.” That single line has stayed with me and shaped the way I think about courtroom strategy. His deep knowledge of medical jurisprudence added another layer to the learning. As a former Senior Special Prosecutor, he brought with him a rare insight into how the prosecution builds its case which helped me learn how to analyze a case not just as a defence lawyer, but from the perspective of the State as well. This dual perspective greatly sharpened my analytical abilities. Mr. Rajiv Mohan also mentored me in navigating cases involving special statutes and complex areas like bail under NDPS Act for commercial quantity or under PMLA, helping me understand how to overcome the stringent twin conditions laid down under Section 37 and 45 respectively. Additionally, as the jurisprudence around the PMLA was evolving at the time, he explained the developing bail laws and the strategic nuances involved in those cases. 

    Among all the cases, it was the murder trials or appeals that intrigued me the most. Observing and participating in the cross-examination of eye witnesses, medical and forensic experts, and investigating officers gave me a deep appreciation of how facts, law and courtroom psychology converge in a trial.The four years that I spent working under Mr. Rajiv Mohan taught me that in the courtroom, it is not just about law, it is about human behaviour, precision and above all, preparation.

    Would also like to mention and thank Mr. Abhimanyu Kampani for playing a pivotal role and trusting in me.

    Having worked with various legal entities, what ultimately drove you to establish your own legal practice? What challenges did you face when starting out, and how did you overcome them?

    Starting my independent legal practice was undoubtedly one of the toughest decisions I have made in my professional journey. In the legal field, there is no clear benchmark that tells you when the “right time” to branch out on your own has arrived. I feel in our profession the decision is highly personal and often requires you to look inward, trust your instincts and take a leap of faith.

    For me, the decision came after a lot of careful thought and self-assessment. I was fortunate to have built a decent clientele base and had secured a couple of clients on retainer basis, which provided a much-needed cushion of financial stability. This base was extremely important because it gave me the confidence that I would not be starting from absolute scratch as I had work that could sustain me as I navigated the uncertainties of independent practice.

    That being said, the journey has not been without its hardships. There were times when I was appearing only two-three times a week in contrast to two-three times a day while I was working with Mr. Rajiv Mohan. There were moments of real struggle and self doubt. However, I have come to realise that the only way forward is to believe in yourself, stay honest and work hard. 

    I firmly believe that the support of one’s family, particularly that of my mother and my wife has been absolutely crucial. Their unwavering encouragement, emotional support and constant belief in my abilities have provided me with the confidence and clarity needed to pursue this challenging path. Their presence has not only been a source of personal reassurance but has also allowed me to remain focused and resilient at times of professional uncertainties.

    Another major factor that encouraged me to take this step was my appointment as a Legal Aid Counsel on the Sessions Court panel with Delhi State Legal Services Authority (DSLSA). I genuinely feel that this appointment was a game changer. Not only did it allow me to gain access to a wide variety of cases including many heinous and high-stakes matters but it also gave me the invaluable opportunity to serve those who truly needed help but lacked the resources to hire legal representation. Representing underprivileged litigants added a new dimension to my practice and brought a deep sense of purpose to my work.

    Looking back, I realize that starting my independent practice was not just a professional move but it was a test of belief in myself. At some point, you have to back yourself, trust in the foundation you have built and have the courage to step into the unknown. It hasn’t been easy but it has been deeply rewarding.

    In cases involving the Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO), what are some of the most significant challenges you’ve encountered while addressing the complex legal aspects of such sensitive cases?

    Defending a POCSO (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences) case is extremely challenging and demands high emotional quotient. One of the primary reasons is the statutory reverse burden of proof under Section 29 of the POCSO Act. This provision presumes the guilt of the accused once certain foundational facts are established, thereby shifting the burden onto the defence to disprove the allegations. This is a significant departure from the general principle of criminal law where the burden of proof always lies on the prosecution to prove the guilt beyond resoluble doubt. As a defence lawyer, this reversal requires you to strategize your case very differently which means every piece of evidence, every inconsistency and every contradiction must be highlighted with utmost precision.

    Moreover, POCSO cases involve victims who are minors and that brings its own set of sensitivities and responsibilities. Cross-examining a child witness is one of the most delicate tasks a lawyer can undertake. Unlike regular cross-examinations where a more aggressive or confrontational approach may be employed to test the credibility of a witness, here, you have to strike a fine balance. You must be extremely respectful and gentle in your demeanour while still being assertive enough to bring out inconsistencies, contradictions or improbabilities in the testimony. It requires a heightened level of alertness which means that you need to listen very carefully to the nuances of the child’s statements, their body language and the overall circumstances under which they are testifying. Further, courts are also far more protective of minor witnesses, and rightly so. Thus, every question must be carefully framed, keeping in mind the emotional and psychological vulnerabilities of the child. Working on such cases requires not just sharp legal skills but also a great deal of emotional intelligence, patience and empathy.

    As Senior Panel Counsel for the Union of India, you’ve represented various ministries before the Delhi High Court in several legal proceedings. What are some of the most complex legal issues you’ve faced in this role, and how do you manage the intricacies of government representation?

    My appointment as a Senior Panel Counsel is a relatively recent and significant development in my career. It also marks my formal debut into civil litigation. Most of the matters I handle in this role are service-related cases i.e. disputes pertaining to appointments, promotions, transfers, disciplinary actions, pensionary benefits and other service related disputes involving government employees.

    Engaging in civil litigation, particularly service matters, brings with it a whole new dimension of legal practice. These cases require a deep understanding not only of legal principles but also of administrative procedures, departmental rules and government policies. Preparing for these matters involves careful scrutiny of service records, government orders, circulars and applicable service rules. Every case demands a meticulous approach. What makes this responsibility even more serious is that, as a Senior Panel Counsel, I am representing the Government of India and hence it carries immense responsibility and expectation. Every appearance, every submission and every argument must reflect the highest degree of professionalism, preparedness and integrity because it is the sovereign that you are representing. You are expected to defend the government’s actions wherever they are legally sustainable and also to fairly advise when a case ought to be conceded or settled in the interest of justice. 

    One of the unique aspects of this engagement is the presence of departmental officials from the concerned Ministry or Department who are often present to assist during the preparation and hearings. Their assistance is invaluable as they provide important background information, factual clarifications and access to departmental records which might otherwise be difficult to obtain in regular litigation. At the same time, as counsel, I have to exercise independent judgment in assessing the strength of the case, guiding the officials and ensuring that the position taken before the court is legally tenable. This new role has been both challenging and exciting.

    With your background you’re committed to serving the people of India in alignment with the principle of ‘Satyameva Jayate.’ How do these values influence your approach to legal advocacy? Additionally, what advice would you give to aspiring young lawyers who hope to achieve similar success in the legal field?

    In a profession where the pressures are immense and the temptations to take shortcuts can be strong, staying true to the pursuit of truth ensures not only professional integrity but also personal satisfaction and long-term success. Hence, my belief in the principle of “Satyamev Jayate” (which translates to “Truth Alone Triumphs”). It is the very foundation upon which I approach every case, every client interaction and every argument in court.

    To all young and aspiring lawyers, my sincere advice is simple yet uncompromising: there are no shortcuts in this profession. Legal practice demands a tremendous amount of patience, perseverance and hard work. Knowledge, reputation and success are built slowly, case by case, argument by argument.

    Be humble, Be honest and work hard. 

    With your demanding professional commitments, how do you maintain a healthy work-life balance and prioritize your personal well-being while managing such a wide range of responsibilities?

    Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is something that is crucial, especially in a profession as demanding as law, where we have frequent long work hours and constant deadlines. It is essential to understand that while dedication to your work is important, your well-being is the foundation that supports everything else including your performance, your relationships and your long-term success.

    To be honest, at this point in my career, I have not been able to maintain the kind of balance I would ideally want. Building an independent practice, handling sensitive matters and representing clients to the best of my ability have often meant that personal time, fitness and mental relaxation have taken a back seat. However, with time and experience, I have realized that burnout is real, and without consciously making space for your own health both physical and mental it becomes difficult to sustain the level of excellence we all aspire to achieve. I am now committed to prioritizing myself and my well-being more consciously which means setting clearer boundaries. I recognize that nurturing my health is not just good for me but also essential for the quality of work I deliver.

    Get in touch with Tejasva Mehra –

  • “Law is very similar to life as it throws a lot of surprises which may not be in good taste many times. To tackle or navigate in a journey, one must always find a mentor who can unselfishly hold your hands.” – Devashish Tiwari, Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    “Law is very similar to life as it throws a lot of surprises which may not be in good taste many times. To tackle or navigate in a journey, one must always find a mentor who can unselfishly hold your hands.” – Devashish Tiwari, Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Having achieved consistent success in your career as an Advocate-on-Record, what initially inspired you to pursue a career in law? Was there a particular factor or event that led you to choose this field?

     I am eternally grateful to the team of Superlawyer for having me over. I truly appreciate their endeavor in providing a gridline which is constantly transmitting and distributing incredible experiences of the legal professionals generated during their journey from struggle to success. 

    Now coming to this question, landing myself in the field of law was more of a compulsion than choice as I never took interest in science or mathematics. I, though, pursued commerce in 10+2 but then at that juncture I didn’t see myself enjoying a career in the field of commerce down the line. Being born and brought up in a small town of Chhattisgarh i.e., Baloda Bazar, we were exposed to limited career options as available now so the sector that remained within my periphery was humanities. 

    Ultimately, the option boiled down to law for two reasons. One is my father is practicing law in the District and Session Court at Baloda Bazar so I have grown up around the musty smell of files, and with gossip regarding bar and bench at the dinner table which I feel that subconsciously pushed me into this field of law. Another reason is that I was into debating during my school days, and in the year 2012, a movement led by Mr. Anna Hazare for Lokpal Bill had caught the limelight all around. While researching on those topics, I was enjoying watching the parliamentary debate by the titans of the bar i.e., Late Mr. Arun Jaitley, Dr. AM Singhvi to name a few. Their art of persuasion was mesmerizing to that extent that my conscience at that fag end of teenage swept me in this field without much introspection or analysis.

    During the early stages of your career, you interned with several lawyers and worked on research papers covering topics like IPR and Arbitration. How did these internships and research experiences shape your understanding of the law, and in what ways did they contribute to your professional growth?

    In this regard, I convey my sincere thanks to my alma mater ILS Law College, Pune. The rich legacy and alumni network that our college holds, facilitated me to attract the bundle of skillful internships. Further, its faculty and the vast library played a vital role in developing our legal acumen. At that juncture, we were suggested by the seniors to intern with the Non-Governmental Organizations in the 1st year then at the District and Sessions Court in the 2nd and 3rd Year followed by the internship at the Constitutional Court or a law firm in the 4th and 5th year. Following that path, it gave me an idea as to where my passion lies, and provided me a short glimpse of practical exposure as to how law learned in the classroom unfolds in the courts. 

    In so far as research experience is concerned, we were fortunate enough to be guided by few of the country’s best legal minds who were also serving or served as a member of Law Commission of India or International Law Commission or were authors of the classical commentaries on law of contract, administrative law etc. Their lessons helped me in understanding the fundamental jurisprudence and interpretation of law.  

    After gaining experience working with renowned law firms in an Associate capacity, handling arbitration, litigation, and court appearances, you transitioned to independent practice as an Advocate/Counsel before the High Court of Chhattisgarh. What motivated this shift, and what cultural differences did you observe between working at firms and practicing independently?

    The shift was motivated by the following quote which I read somewhere while commuting from my accommodation to office in Mumbai Local ie. “If you don’t design your own life plan, chances are you’ll fall into someone else’s plan. And guess what they have planned for you? Not much.”

    Another motivation was the grandeur of counsel practice that I observed in the original side of Bombay High Court during my stint with the law firm Naik Naik and Co., Mumbai. The uniqueness, integrity and ethics that I discovered in the Bombay Bar was par excellence.

    With specific reference to the cultural difference, I would say that working at a law firm is essential for a young law professional because the law firms create a base for litigation and imbibes discipline. By being in direct touch with the client, an associate or fresh law graduate gets first-hand experience of litigation as to how correspondences are built between the parties to strengthen their cases in the dispute. Once the dispute is ripened for resolution in the Court or Tribunal then the independent advocates are engaged to put forth the submission especially in Tier 1 city.

    Another major cultural difference is the receipt of a fixed amount at the end of every month while working with the law firm. People who support this route justifies that law students who are paying a hefty sum for their legal education these days are entitled to work with firms while learning the foundation of this profession, however those who oppose say that fixed pay check at the end of month kills the desire to learn law. I favor the former over the latter in the current scenario as there are a majority of lawyers who go brief less for very long duration while going independent and at the same time, they are discharging their obligation towards educational loans. Such circumstances develop severe frustration as it makes survival very hard for young lawyers. 

    Your tenure at VSA Legal, particularly in drafting and arguing Special Leave Petitions and Writ Petitions before the Supreme Court of India, has been impactful. How has this experience shaped your approach to dispute resolution and regulatory practice, especially in landmark cases like the Chhattisgarh reservation case and the invalidation of the tricycle tender process?

    Credit for that impact goes to those three partners cum mentors of VSA Legal. While observing the dogged and clever advocacy of Mr. Sumeer Sodhi, ingrained with in-depth scholarly knowledge and incessant painstaking effort of Mr. Aman Nandrajog while preparing for arguments and industrial ingenuity of Mr. Varun Tankha gave me courage to handle high stakes litigation independently without any fear and prejudice. 

    Starting your own practice is a significant leap. What were your thoughts and motivations behind taking this step, and what challenges did you face in the initial stages of setting up your independent practice?

    The onset of Covid 19 from 2020-2022 was a major blow to my plan of going independent.   It brought a lot of confusion with regards to place and area of practice to commence. I introspected a lot and researched on the market where I found the dearth of advocate-on-record in the Supreme Court of India to represent the accused facing financial crunch or litigant in the tier-3 or tier 4 cities. Without any trial, the accused are languishing in jail for years by giving up after the refusal of their application for release on bail before the High Court. The helplessness of a plethora of government employees facing termination or litigants losing their land without any cause are hesitating to approach the Supreme Court of India owing to high costs and travelling expenses. In view thereof, I decided to put my efforts to qualify for the Advocate on Record Examination, and serve the needful in these areas to the best of my ability.

    Waiting for work was the biggest challenge I faced post establishing my office in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. The local briefing counsel wasn’t able to muster the courage to engage me as I was barely 5 years into the practice, however, time, humanity and hard work became the best healer to overcome that challenge. 

     Clearing the Advocate-on-Record (AOR) examination is a major milestone. What aspects of the AOR exam did you find most challenging, and what strategies did you use to prepare effectively for this prestigious qualification? Additionally, how has the AOR designation influenced your professional practice?

    Indeed, it is a major milestone. During preparation, the reading of entire 64 landmark cases (now 86) was although worthwhile but cumbersome, and during appearance, the preparation of 4-5 drafts in the limited time of 4 hours was a tedious task. 

    I made my notes by analyzing the previous year’s question papers and referring to the latest law on it. I also divided my schedule for 2 months’ preparation as per the subjects. I diligently attended the lectures conducted by the exam cell as well as the Supreme Court Advocate on Record Association. Focusing on the drafting during my training, and assisting the clerk in filing documents or curing defects provided clarity in the procedure which is generally tested in the practice and procedure paper. 

    Being the only AoR qualified from Chhattisgarh this year brought me closer to some leading practitioners in the State as well as from my previous place of work i.e., Mumbai who are bestowing their valuable trust upon me to represent their clients before the Supreme Court of India.

    Throughout your distinguished career, maintaining a healthy work-life balance must have been essential. What strategies have you employed to achieve this, and what advice would you offer to others looking to balance their professional ambitions with personal commitments?

    Realization of the importance of work-life balance came to me when I got admitted in the hospital for a treatment of mosquito bitten disease which severely affected my body due to low immunity. Though achieving perfect work-life balance is far cry in our profession, doing pranayam, kriyas and yogas with a balanced diet helped me tremendously in getting my house in order. Another concern which I am trying to resolve these days is excessive screen time which sometimes causes brain fog or affects memory power.  I would just advice that the first wealth is health followed by the immediate family.  It is therefore, spare 2-3 hours for the health and family along with a minimum 6 hours’ sleep to rejuvenate yourself.

    With your extensive experience across various areas of law, your advice would be invaluable to aspiring legal professionals. What guidance would you offer to students aspiring to build a successful legal career? Are there particular resources or strategies you would recommend for them?

    1. Mentorship: Law is very similar to life as it throws a lot of surprises which may not be in good taste many times. To tackle or navigate in a journey, one must always find a mentor who can unselfishly hold your hands. I am always indebted to my encouraging mentors in the profession i.e., Ms. Manisha Karia, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India, Managing Partners and former colleagues at Naik Naik and Co. including but not limited to Mr. Ameet Naik, Mr. Abhishek Kale, Mr. Avdhoot Prabhu and Ms. Swati Singh for showing me light at the end of the tunnel. 
    2. Drafting and reading skill: Whether its corporate or litigation, one must shed its toil, tears and sweat at the initial days of career in improving their drafting skills. I am grateful to my mentors who suggested me to spend some time in Bombay for learning this invaluable skill as some of the country’s best draftsman are sitting there. Another important aspect is cultivating the reading skills from first year in the law schools especially the concepts such as property, crime and punishment, democracy etc. which has been borrowed into our system from the foreign land. 
    3. Discipline and Ethics: are the values that is vanishing into thin air in the profession. Touts, corruption in the judiciary, nepotism etc are putting negative impact. Without taking much care about such professional evils, one must always be truthful to himself/herself by following seven lamps of advocacy crystallized by Edward Abbott Parry. Whenever feeling low, take out and read some autobiography of the giants in the profession which will make you realized that you are not alone to struggle in this road to success. 
    4. Law is a jealous mistress – Lastly, success in the profession demands a lot of sacrifice. To keep yourself going on in the journey, one must remember the quote by John Scott i.e., To succeed as a lawyer, a man must work like a horse and live like a hermit. 

    Last but not least my advice to our law aspirant is embodied in the locus classicus of poem “If” by Rudyard Kipling i.e.

    If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;

    If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;

    If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

    But make allowance for their doubting too;

    If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

    Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,

    And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!

    Get in touch with Devashish Tiwari –

  • “Success lies in understanding legal principles while addressing business complexities effectively.” – Rabindra Purohit, Vice President Legal, Compliance & Company Secretary at DFPCL.

    “Success lies in understanding legal principles while addressing business complexities effectively.” – Rabindra Purohit, Vice President Legal, Compliance & Company Secretary at DFPCL.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    What pivotal moments influenced your decision to become a lawyer and CS, and how did your early experiences of life shape your career path?

    The roots of this inspiring journey trace back to a tiny village in Odisha, nestled about 200 kilometres from Bhubaneswar. It was a place of simplicity and resilience, where school was held beneath the open sky, under the shade of a sprawling tree. When the rains came, they did not just wash the earth but also brought unexpected holidays, for there was no roof to shield the lessons. 

    Saturdays were special—they were days of collective effort and community spirit. The boys fetched water from nearby tanks, while the girls prepared the schoolyard, smoothing the earth with cow dung collected from the village. By Monday, the grounds were dry and ready to welcome another week of learning.

    In this setting, where challenges were woven into the fabric of daily life, a young dreamer’s path began to take shape. The journey from studying under a tree to standing in corporate boardrooms reflects a life sculpted by grit and determination, rooted deeply in those formative experiences.

    What inspired your decision to become a lawyer and CS, especially given your humble background? How did this journey shape your growth and influence those around you?

    From a small village in Odisha to a disciplined boarding school, the journey was a test of resilience and determination. Limited to education until class seven in the village, the young dreamer moved to a nearby town, adapting to the rigor of boarding school life—waking at 4 a.m., managing chores like grocery shopping, and balancing academics. These experiences instilled independence and discipline.

    Graduation brought a pivotal realization—the need to break free from constraints through education. This drive led to the bold decision of pursuing both company secretaryship and law simultaneously, an extraordinary feat accomplished with unwavering focus. Success transformed my life, taking me from humble beginnings to corporate boardrooms—a true testament to grit and ambition.

    How has your transition from independent CS practice to working at a law firm to serving as an in-house counsel shaped your career? What do you enjoy most about your role?

    My journey has been one of exploration and growth, shaped by diverse experiences across India. After completing my early education in Odisha, I moved to Chennai for my CS and later to Delhi to finish the course. These transitions exposed me to India’s rich diversity and built adaptability.

    I began as an independent practitioner CS in Delhi, handling IPOs, mergers, and corporate actions. This entrepreneurial phase was rewarding, but I sought to expand my horizons. Moving into corporate law firms, I leveraged my CS expertise to deliver client-centric solutions, which set me apart.

    My transition to in-house counsel began at Bharti Delmonte, working under inspiring mentors and gaining corporate strategy insights. Joining Vodafone during its historic acquisition of Hutchison was transformative, with a decade spent managing complex litigations, arbitrations, and large-scale challenges in telecom.

    then at NIVEA, FMCG leading legal functions for a global brand has been a dynamic and fulfilling chapter. Each role has enriched my perspective, blending entrepreneurial spirit, legal acumen, and strategic leadership.

    After two decades of experience working with major corporations, what significant changes have you observed in corporate legal practices, particularly in compliance frameworks and dispute resolution mechanisms?

    Over two decades, I’ve witnessed significant shifts in corporate legal practice, especially in compliance and dispute resolution. Companies like Vodafone demonstrated the importance of strong ethical foundations and robust compliance frameworks, aligning processes with a clear vision. Their dedication to excellence was reflected in hiring outstanding professionals and anticipating challenges years ahead.

    Recently, advancements in technology have streamlined compliance and dispute resolution mechanisms, improving transparency and efficiency. Coupled with a culture of ethics and governance, these developments have transformed the legal landscape. The combination of visionary leadership, structured policies, and exceptional talent remains the driving force behind corporate success today.

    How do global corporations, especially multinationals, approach dispute resolution differently?

    Litigation would always be the last resort for MNCs. It disrupts relationships and business continuity, so companies focus on resolving disputes amicably be it with governments, vendors, suppliers, or customers. 

    Multinationals emphasize customer-centric solutions. For instance, customer satisfaction was paramount. If a customer faced network issues, we responded with apologies or compensations rather than assigning blame. This empathy-first approach reflects their understanding that business thrives on happy customers.

    Globally, companies also prioritize efficient mechanisms like mediation and arbitration, ensuring conflicts are resolved swiftly while preserving relationships.

    Multinationals succeed not because of their global stature but because they create trusted brands, deliver value, and ensure compliance. It’s this forward-thinking, customer-first philosophy that drives their success with their leadership, empathy, and processes.

    How do you handle intellectual property and brand protection for a Global brand you served?

    Intellectual property is vital for innovation, identity and brand longevity, it begins with securing patents, trademarks, trade dress, and designs to convert creativity into valuable assets. Innovation drives product development, and legal measures ensure every aspect—from packaging to product shape—is meticulously protected.

    Proactive strategies, such as monitoring markets for counterfeiting and unauthorized use, are critical in preserving brand integrity. Collaborating with enforcement agencies and implementing stringent safeguards are key, especially in diverse markets like India were consumer dynamics demand vigilance. This approach ensures the longevity of the brand, upholding its reputation and trust across generations and geographies.

    Sir, how do you share your experience and impart education to new entrants in the legal field? What process do you follow to guide interns and inspire them to develop passion for the profession?

    Internships are essential for shaping future legal professionals. At our office, we actively host interns sent by law colleges, consistently engaging two to three interns each month. We assign them meaningful projects, encourage research, and foster collaboration, ensuring they gain practical insights that prepare them for successful careers.

    My advice to young lawyers is simple: the legal profession is a marathon, not a sprint. Patience, continuous learning, and adaptability are key. Success lies in understanding legal principles while addressing business complexities effectively. The challenge—and opportunity—is to merge theoretical knowledge with real-world solutions.

    Mentorship and exposure to seasoned professionals are invaluable in this process. Personally, working with stalwarts in multinational companies has shaped my journey, proving that growth comes through steady, purposeful learning and commitment over time.

    Sir, would you like to share some memorable achievements or recognitions from your career that had a significant impact on you and your approach to the kind of work that you have been doing?

    Ups and downs are part of every professional journey. Sometimes, despite your best efforts, outcomes may not favour you—like a lawyer who wins and loses cases or a doctor who saves lives but cannot save all.

    In my experience, one notable case involved a complex arbitration dispute. The matter escalated to the Supreme Court and back to arbitration, stretching over 15 years. For seven of those years, I was actively handling it, and by then, 30 crore rupees had already been spent on a 100-crore dispute. Such cases highlight the challenges and costs of prolonged litigation—it’s a fight that can go on endlessly if parties don’t seek resolution.

    On the other hand, there have been many rewarding moments. For instance, in a recent case, one of our competitors was disparaging our brand. We took them to court and secured a landmark order from the Delhi High Court, which stands as a testament to the power of focused legal strategy.

    My guiding principle, inspired by the Gita, is Kamrany vadhikaraste Ma Phaleshu Kada Chanan “Do your duty without worrying about the results”. The result is always a byproduct of consistent effort, dedication, and making the best use of available resources. Whether in tough challenges or noteworthy recognitions, this belief keeps me focused on delivering my best.

    You’ve pursued dual qualifications as a company secretary and a lawyer. How has this combination benefited your career, and what advice would you give to learners following the same path?

    The combination of being a company secretary and a lawyer is incredibly powerful. Company secretaryship provides deep insights into business operations, taxation, management, governance, and organizational behaviour. However, it doesn’t cover areas like civil law, criminal law, constitutional law, or jurisprudence—fields that are integral to legal practice. Law complements this by equipping you with a thorough understanding of the legal system.

    When you combine the two, you gain a unique ability to bridge business challenges with legal solutions. This synergy is highly valued by companies, especially those requiring professionals to manage both roles efficiently. Many organizations prefer hiring individuals with dual qualifications to meet regulatory requirements while optimizing resources.

    For learners, my advice is to see this combination as a long-term investment. It’s a strategic advantage that not only opens doors to versatile career opportunities but also helps you excel in leadership roles. The key is to approach your career with patience, commitment, and the understanding that success comes from integrating knowledge and applying it effectively over time. This is undoubtedly one of the best professional combinations for aspiring legal and corporate professionals.

    What unique legal challenges have you faced in the skincare industry, especially when transitioning from telecom to FMCG?

    Moving from telecom to skincare was a significant shift. Telecom revolves around services, technology, and infrastructure, like optical fibres and towers, while skincare is product-focused with manufacturing, supply chains, and distribution at its core.

    The regulatory landscape is vastly different. Telecom is governed by sector-specific regulators, whereas FMCG and cosmetics must adhere to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and legal metrology rules. The skincare industry, often treated like pharmaceuticals, requires strict compliance to ensure product safety and consumer trust.

    Adapting to this new framework took time—about six months to fully absorb the nuances of manufacturing, distribution, and FMCG regulations. While some aspects like contracts and compliance were familiar, learning the specifics of product-centric laws and supply chain operations was essential.

    Skincare demands understanding Skin Science, rigorous compliance, strict adherence to regulatory standards, and a deep understanding of its unique challenges and competition landscape. With focus and adaptability, I’ve successfully navigated this dynamic environment, ensuring robust compliance and operational excellence.

    Outside of your professional life, what are some personal interests or hobbies that contribute to your overall well-being and work-life balance? How have you found that peaceful space for yourself?

    Earlier, I was passionate about cycling, but I had to stop due to safety concerns in Mumbai. I then shifted to yoga, which has been transformative for me over the past couple of years. Yoga, along with meditation, helps me unwind and maintain a sense of balance. Swimming is another activity I enjoy whenever I get the time—it’s both relaxing and energizing.

    Reading and listening to blogs are integral parts of my life as well. In our profession, staying informed is crucial, and I find reading to be both enriching and calming. When I have a longer break, I indulge my passion for travel—especially road trips. One of my most memorable adventures was driving from Mumbai to Ladakh; Mumbai to Kanyakumari by road with a GC friend, exploring India’s beauty by car.

    These hobbies—whether yoga, swimming, reading, or traveling—serve as my personal escape. They not only help me recharge but also motivate me, adding meaning and joy to my life beyond work.

    Get in touch with Rabindra Purohit –

  • “My approach to handling high-profile constitutional cases and PILs, particularly those involving the Union of India is grounded in rigorous legal research, collaboration with seniors, and a steadfast commitment to upholding constitutional integrity.” – Sahil Sood, Advocate On Record at Supreme Court of India.

    “My approach to handling high-profile constitutional cases and PILs, particularly those involving the Union of India is grounded in rigorous legal research, collaboration with seniors, and a steadfast commitment to upholding constitutional integrity.” – Sahil Sood, Advocate On Record at Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    With your impressive and extensive background in law, what initially sparked your passion for pursuing a legal career? Was there a specific moment or experience that motivated your decision, or did your interest gradually evolve over time?

    My passion for a legal career ignited during my early twenties, sparked by a single, transformative experience. I was working a summer job at a local nonprofit when I sat in on a community meeting where a pro bono lawyer was helping a group of tenants fight an unjust eviction. The way that lawyer wielded the law, calmly dismantling the landlord’s arguments with precision and turning a seemingly hopeless situation into a victory for those families, was nothing short of inspiring. 

    It hit me then: the law wasn’t just a set of rules; it was a tool to level the playing field and give a voice to those who might otherwise be silenced. I started reading everything I could about legal precedents and civil rights, and I found myself drawn to the intellectual challenge of untangling complex problems. 

    Law school only amplified that drive, as I discovered the satisfaction of building a case and seeing it through. Over the years, what began as a spark of admiration has matured into a deep-seated passion for using my skills to advocate, solve problems, and uphold justice—whether in the courtroom or beyond.

    Given your varied internship experiences at prestigious firms, how did these formative experiences shape your legal perspective? How did they guide your eventual decision to specialize in arbitration and energy law, which have become key pillars of your practice?

    My internships at prestigious law firms provided a robust foundation for my legal perspective and career trajectory. V. Shekhar Mohan, a distinguished Senior Advocate, was the first in this fraternity to guide me when I was in my first year, mentoring me throughout my five years of college during my internship with him; tragically, his passing during COVID-19 was a profound loss to the legal community, where he had served as a Special Tax Counsel and amicus curiae in numerous matters before the Supreme Court.

    I also interned  in corporate law, where I assisted in drafting agreements and gained insight into the intricacies of business transactions—an experience that honed my analytical skills. Subsequently, I have interned at leading laws firms of India including Khaitan & Co, Amarchand Mangaldas (now Shardul Amarchand and Cyril) , Luthra & Co (Now Split into Luthra and Saraf) specializing in real estate law, where I engaged with property transactions and regulatory frameworks, deepening my appreciation for precision and detail. My most formative experience came during an internship focused on mergers and acquisitions, where I contributed to due diligence and risk assessments for large-scale corporate deals. The intellectual rigor and strategic thinking required in that environment profoundly influenced my approach to problem-solving.

    Upon graduating, I joined the office of the Additional Solicitor General at the Delhi High Court, where I spent several years immersed in high-stakes litigation and advisory work. This role exposed me to complex constitutional and public policy matters, refining my advocacy skills and broadening my understanding of legal systems at the intersection of law and governance. Following this, I transitioned to private practice at leading law firms, where my focus shifted toward arbitration and the regulatory sector, particularly energy and petroleum law. My early exposure to arbitration during internships resonated with me, as I valued its efficiency and resolution-oriented nature—qualities well-suited to the corporate and M&A work I had encountered. 

    In the energy domain, I developed expertise in regulatory frameworks, including the operations of DISCOMs and the tariff-setting processes overseen by electricity commissions, which involve navigating intricate balances of cost, compliance, and policy. These experiences collectively shaped my specialization. 

    The internships instilled a versatile skill set and curiosity for complex legal challenges, while my tenure at the ASG office provided a rigorous grounding in advocacy and public law. Together, they guided me toward arbitration and energy law, which now form the cornerstones of my practice, blending practical dispute resolution with the dynamic regulatory landscape of critical industries.

    Your involvement in assisting senior counsels on landmark constitutional matters and public interest litigation is truly commendable. Could you provide insights into your approach when handling high-profile constitutional cases, particularly those involving the Union of India or challenging critical policy decisions?

    My approach to handling high-profile constitutional cases and public interest litigation, particularly those involving the Union of India or challenging critical policy decisions, is grounded in rigorous legal research, strategic collaboration with senior counsels, and a steadfast commitment to upholding constitutional integrity. Over the years, assisting senior counsels on landmark matters has equipped me with the tools to navigate complex legal frameworks, anticipate executive responses, and advocate effectively for justice.

    One notable instance was my involvement in the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) matter concerning Bhushan Steel, where I assisted senior counsel in addressing allegations of financial misconduct involving the diversion of funds through  associated companies. My role included analysing extensive financial evidence to support arguments on corporate accountability within constitutional and statutory bounds—an exercise that demanded precision under intense scrutiny. 

    Similarly, I contributed to arbitrations between the Government of India and other countries, where I helped interpret treaty obligations and domestic laws like the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. These cases often required ensuring India’s sovereign interests were robustly defended, drawing on precedents like White Industries to address enforcement delays, blending constitutional and international law perspectives.

    I’ve also assisted in cases where procedural challenges arose, such as matters before tribunals that could not proceed due to an incomplete quorum. For instance, I worked with senior counsels on disputes where the absence of requisite tribunal members stalled adjudication, requiring us to strategize interim reliefs or push for administrative resolutions under constitutional provisions like Article 14 and 21. These experiences underscored the importance of adaptability and leveraging judicial oversight to address systemic gaps.

    In another significant case, I supported senior counsel in a citizenship matter involving a Pakistani citizen visiting India. This involved dissecting the Citizenship Act alongside Article 14, balancing national security with individual rights. The Rakesh Asthana matter at the CBI was equally impactful. I assisted the ASG involving Sathish Sana Babu in the money laundering case related to the controversial meat exporter Moin Qureshi.

    Currently, I’m engaged in two critical PILs. One seeks approval for regulated stem cell therapy under Article 21, where we’ve achieved a milestone with the High Court granting permission for its use in autism cases. My role involves coordinating with medical experts and advocating for a broader regulatory framework, aligning public health with constitutional rights. 

    The second, still pending, addresses the tragic death of a child due to alleged negligence by GNCTD hospitals and schools. We’re examining lapses in duty of care, drawing on precedents of state liability, and seeking both compensation and structural reforms—though the case remains unresolved due to ongoing proceedings.

    Across these matters, my approach remains consistent: anchor arguments in constitutional doctrine, collaborate closely with seniors to refine strategy, and pursue outcomes that balance individual rights with public interest. Whether addressing Union policies, tribunal delays, or systemic negligence, I aim to ensure the law serves as a robust instrument for accountability and equitable relief.

    What inspired you to take the bold step of establishing your own practice? Was there a particular vision or experience that motivated you to venture into entrepreneurship within the legal field, and how has this decision shaped your professional journey?

    The decision to establish my own practice was a bold evolution, sparked by a wealth of professional experiences and the transformative guidance by the seniors I have worked with. 

    In my early years, Maninder Acharya, Senior Advocate, laid the bedrock of my legal journey. She instilled in me the essentials—ethical practice, thorough preparation, and professionalism—equipping me with the resilience and integrity needed to navigate the initial challenges of a legal career. 

    Later, it is Dama Seshadri Naidu, Senior Advocate and former judge of the High Courts of Hyderabad, Kerala, and Bombay, who inspired me to take the entrepreneurial leap into chamber practice. His mentorship elevated my capabilities, sharpening the advanced skills that now define my independent work. His influence is profound and multifaceted. A seasoned jurist turned advocate, he brought a rare blend of judicial insight and courtroom mastery to his mentorship. Having served on three High Courts, he adjudicated complex constitutional and regulatory disputes, and his return to practice as a Senior Advocate in 2021—arguing before the Supreme Court—demonstrated a fearless adaptability that he urged me to emulate. 

    He saw chamber practice as the ultimate test of a lawyer’s mettle, and he took it upon himself to refine my abilities to meet that standard. He sharpened my drafting skills, insisting on clarity and precision. His feedback was exacting: ‘A good lawyer argues; a great lawyer persuades,’ he’d say, pushing me to craft submissions that were not just sound but compelling.

    He also honed my advocacy skills, emphasizing the art of oral argument. His tenure as a judge had given him an uncanny ability to spot weak links, and he trained me to pre-empt them. Beyond technical skills, he instilled a strategic mindset—how to read a case’s broader implications, a perspective honed from years of authoring judgments. His passion for legal education, evident in his guest lectures at judicial academies  and it inspired me to deepen my own research, ensuring my arguments were rooted in robust precedent and policy. He pushed me to lead these cases independently, refining my drafts to withstand scrutiny and my arguments to drive systemic change.

    Establishing my own practice was the culmination of this journey. Dama Seshadri Naidu’s vision—that a lawyer’s true strength lies in autonomy—aligned with my desire to focus on constitutional advocacy, arbitration, and regulatory reform, passions forged through energy and petroleum law work. His training empowered me to tackle the cases with expert collaboration. 

    This path is demanding—building a practice requires grit—but with his mentorship, it’s become a platform to effect change on my terms, reflecting the excellence he demanded.

    As an Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court of India, how do you navigate complex legal issues in representing clients in arbitration and cases under the Arbitration Act? Can you share examples of particularly challenging cases that tested your legal expertise?

    As a recently appointed Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court of India, I draw on years of handling matters before the apex court to navigate complex legal issues in arbitration and cases under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. My approach hinges on a deep dive into statutory frameworks, a strategic grasp of judicial restraint, and relentless preparation to represent clients effectively—whether in arbitration disputes or broader civil litigation. The Supreme Court’s nuanced oversight demands precision, and my role as an AoR amplifies my responsibility to streamline filings and argue with clarity, honed over time through challenging cases.

    One case that tested my expertise was an election matter under the anti-defection law in the Tenth Schedule. Representing a party contesting a legislator’s disqualification, I grappled with interpreting ‘voluntarily giving up membership’ against merger exceptions. Another arbitration matter involved a clause drafted to exclude ‘financial defaults’ from arbitration, limiting remedies to civil courts. I argued under Section 11, citing Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corporation, to sever arbitrable disputes while preserving parallel remedies—a tightrope walk of contract interpretation and jurisdiction.

    An SLP against a Section 37 order under the Arbitration Act posed a steeper challenge. The appellate court had upheld an arbitral award my client deemed unconscionable, and the Supreme Court’s minimal interference narrowed my window. I crafted the plea around ‘patent illegality’ under Section 34, distilling a dense record into a focused argument, testing my ability to balance arbitration’s finality with judicial review. Contempt matters have been equally demanding, especially when my client faced direct contempt. In one instance, a senior official’s public defiance of a court order triggered suo motu proceedings. Defending required navigating the Contempt of Courts Act, securing compliance through apologies, and arguing proportionality—stretching the diplomacy and advocacy under fire. Complex property civil suits have also been a significant part of my practice, often involving intricate interpretations of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC). 

    Execution proceedings further complicate matters. Enforcing arbitral awards and court decrees—whether against reluctant parties or tangled assets—often faces resistance, like in a case where a decree holder struggled to attach property due to third-party claims. 

    As an AoR, I now channel these lessons into tackling the Supreme Court’s exacting standards, ensuring complex issues—from arbitration to CPC-driven suits—find resolution through rigorous, client-focused advocacy.

    In your experience representing DISCOMs, transmission companies, and PSUs before various courts and tribunals, what are some of the key challenges you face in interpreting and enforcing the Electricity Act, 2003? How do you ensure that your clients comply with its evolving regulations?

    1. Key Challenges in Interpreting and Enforcing the Electricity Act, 2003
    • Unclear Rules and Provisions:   


    The Electricity Act, 2003, aims to modernize India’s power sector by encouraging competition and consumer benefits, but some of its sections—like those governing open access to transmission lines or setting tariffs—are not clearly defined. This lack of clarity often leads to disagreements between companies, regulators, and consumers, resulting in legal battles before courts or tribunals like the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL). For example, terms like “non-discriminatory access” can be interpreted differently, creating confusion.

    • Frequently Changing Regulations: 


    The power sector is dynamic, with new rules, amendments, and policies introduced regularly by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs), and the Ministry of Power. For instance, requirements like renewable purchase obligations (RPOs) or grid stability standards evolve over time. Keeping up with these updates is tough, especially when court rulings may not yet reflect the latest changes, leaving companies uncertain about compliance.

    • Financial Struggles of DISCOMs:


    Many Distribution Companies (DISCOMs) face significant financial losses due to high operational costs, unpaid bills, and subsidies they must provide. This financial strain makes it challenging to invest in infrastructure upgrades or meet regulatory mandates under the Act, such as reducing losses or adopting new technologies. Transmission companies and PSUs also face pressure to balance profitability with public service obligations.

    1. How Compliance is Ensured
    • Staying Updated with Changes: 


    Companies must actively monitor updates to the Electricity Act, regulatory notifications, and judicial decisions. This involves reviewing orders from CERC, SERCs, and government policies to ensure their operations align with the latest requirements.

    • Relying on Expert Guidance: 


    Legal and technical experts play a key role in interpreting complex provisions of the Act and advising on compliance. For instance, they help navigate tariff disputes or ensure adherence to open access rules, reducing the risk of penalties or legal challenges.

    • Training and Awareness: 


    Regular training programs for employees—covering topics like regulatory obligations, renewable energy targets, or consumer rights—help ensure that staff understand and implement the Act effectively. This is especially important for frontline teams dealing with customers or grid operations.

    • Strategic Planning and Execution: 


    Companies develop long-term plans to meet mandates, such as integrating renewable energy sources or reducing transmission losses. This might involve upgrading infrastructure, improving billing systems, or securing funds to address financial gaps, ensuring they comply with both the letter and spirit of the Act.

    1. By addressing these challenges with proactive measures, DISCOMs, transmission companies, and PSUs can better navigate the complexities of the Electricity Act, 2003, and its evolving framework

    You’ve represented a diverse range of clients, from builders and road contractors to energy companies. What are the most significant legal hurdles these industries face, particularly in terms of contract disputes, compensation claims, and force majeure events especially during challenging times like the pandemic?

    1. Contract Disputes
    • Construction Industry (Builders and Road Contractors): 
      Contract disputes often arise due to delays in project timelines, cost overruns, or disagreements over scope of work. For instance, builders may face conflicts with clients or subcontractors over incomplete payments or quality of materials, while road contractors deal with government agencies disputing milestones or penalties for delays. Ambiguities in contract terms—like unclear deadlines or variation clauses—frequently escalate these issues.
    • Energy Companies:
      DISCOMs, transmission firms, and PSUs often encounter disputes over power purchase agreements (PPAs), tariff adjustments, or delivery obligations. For example, a DISCOM might argue with a generator over pricing during low demand, while transmission companies face disputes with contractors over infrastructure delays. Rigid contract terms can complicate renegotiation during unforeseen events.
    1. Compensation Claims
    • Construction Industry:
      Builders and road contractors often file compensation claims for additional costs incurred due to delays, such as extended equipment rentals or labor expenses. However, proving entitlement to compensation is tough—clients or government bodies may reject claims citing inadequate documentation or failure to mitigate losses. During the pandemic, claims surged due to halted work, but proving the extent of loss was a hurdle.
    • Energy Companies:
      Energy firms, especially DISCOMs, face compensation disputes with consumers or suppliers. For instance, consumers may demand refunds for outages, while generators seek payments for idle capacity during low demand (e.g., pandemic lockdowns). Regulatory caps on tariffs and financial distress often limit their ability to settle claims, leading to prolonged litigation.
    1. Force Majeure Events (e.g., Pandemic)
    • Construction Industry:
      Force majeure clauses—covering events like natural disasters or pandemics—are critical but often poorly defined in contracts. During COVID-19, builders and contractors struggled to invoke these clauses to excuse delays or seek extensions, as clients argued that pandemics weren’t explicitly listed or that mitigation wasn’t attempted. Courts had to interpret whether lockdowns qualified, creating inconsistency in rulings.
    • Energy Companies:
      Energy firms faced similar challenges. For example, DISCOMs saw demand plummet during lockdowns, triggering disputes with generators over “take-or-pay” obligations in PPAs. Invoking force majeure was contentious—generators argued it didn’t apply to payment duties, while DISCOMs cited revenue losses. Regulatory interventions, like moratoriums, added complexity to enforcement.
      1. Common Challenges Across Industries
    • Proving Causation and Loss: Both sectors struggle to link delays or losses directly to events like the pandemic, requiring detailed evidence (e.g., timelines, financial records) that’s often incomplete.
    • Cash Flow Strain: Compensation delays or disputed payments worsen financial pressures, especially for contractors and DISCOMs already operating on thin margins.
    • Regulatory Uncertainty: Shifting government policies—e.g., pandemic relief measures or tariff revisions—create confusion, making compliance and dispute resolution harder.
    1. Addressing These Hurdles
    • Clear Contracts: Drafting precise terms for scope, timelines, and force majeure events reduces ambiguity.
    • Documentation: Maintaining robust records of delays, costs, and mitigation efforts strengthens claims.
    • Negotiation: Early dialogue with counterparties can resolve disputes before they reach courts.
    • Legal Expertise: Engaging specialists helps navigate complex regulations and precedents, especially during crisis.

    With your vast exposure to both national and international legal practices, what advice would you offer to aspiring young legal professionals who wish to pursue complex commercial litigation, particularly in sectors like infrastructure, energy, and regulatory law?

    Advice for Aspiring Legal Professionals

    1. Build a Strong Foundation in Core Skills

    • Master Contract Law:
      Commercial litigation in infrastructure and energy hinges on contracts—whether it’s construction agreements, power purchase agreements (PPAs), or regulatory tariffs. Understand how to draft, interpret, and challenge contract terms, especially clauses like force majeure, liquidated damages, and termination rights.
    • Sharpen Research and Analysis:
      Cases in these sectors often involve technical details (e.g., grid stability, project delays) and evolving regulations. Develop the ability to dig into statutes like the Electricity Act, 2003, or international standards like FIDIC contracts, and connect them to case facts.
    • Hone Advocacy Skills:
      Whether before courts, arbitral tribunals, or regulators like CERC, persuasive communication—both written (pleadings) and oral (arguments)—is key. Practice clarity and precision to stand out.

    2. Specialize Early, but Stay Versatile

    • Pick a Niche
      Focus on infrastructure (e.g., roads, real estate) or energy (e.g., renewables, DISCOMs) to build expertise. These sectors have unique challenges—land acquisition disputes in infrastructure or tariff battles in energy—that reward deep knowledge.
    • Understand Regulatory Law:
      Regulatory bodies (e.g., SERCs, NHAI) heavily influence these industries. Learn how they function, their rules, and how judicial review works (e.g., APTEL rulings). This sets you apart in litigation involving policy interpretation.
    • Adapt Internationally:
      Global projects often use frameworks like FIDIC or involve cross-border disputes. Familiarize yourself with arbitration under ICC or UNCITRAL rules, as infrastructure and energy cases increasingly go international.

    3. Get Hands-On Experience

    • Work with Firms or Seniors:
      Join a law firm or assist a senior advocate handling commercial litigation in these sectors. Exposure to real cases—say, a road contractor’s delay claim or a DISCOM’s tariff dispute—teaches practical nuances no textbook can.
    • Engage with Tribunals:
      Shadow or clerk at forums like APTEL, NCLT, or arbitral panels. You’ll see how technical evidence (e.g., project timelines, financial losses) is argued and adjudicated.
    • Take on Pro Bono or Small Cases:
      Early in your career, handle smaller disputes (e.g., consumer energy complaints) to build confidence and courtroom experience.

    4. Understand the Business Side

    • Learn the Industry:
      Litigation isn’t just about law—it’s about the client’s world. Study how infrastructure projects are financed (e.g., PPP models) or how energy markets work (e.g., renewable integration). This helps you craft arguments that align with commercial realities.
    • Think Beyond Winning:
      Clients value solutions—settlements, renegotiations—that save time and money. Develop a problem-solving mindset alongside litigation skills.

    5. Stay Ahead of Trends

    • Track Policy Shifts:
      Laws and regulations evolve—think renewable energy mandates or infrastructure funding schemes. Read government notifications, industry reports, and case law updates to anticipate legal challenges.
    • Embrace Technology: 
    • AI tools, e-courts, and data analysis are transforming litigation. Learn to use them for research, case management, or presenting evidence.

    6. Build Resilience and Networks

    • Prepare for Complexity:
      These cases can drag on for years, involve multiple parties, and demand stamina. Cultivate patience and attention to detail—success often lies in outlasting the chaos.
    • Network Actively:
      Connect with peers, industry experts, and regulators at seminars or bar associations. Relationships open doors to mentors, clients, and insights into sector-specific disputes.

    Given your extensive involvement in both procedural and strategic aspects of legal representation, how do you successfully balance the demands of appearing before high courts, tribunals, and arbitration proceedings, while also maintaining a fulfilling personal life?

    1. Prioritize and Plan Strategically

    • Case Management:

    Handling high courts, tribunals (like APTEL), and arbitration proceedings requires juggling tight deadlines and complex preparations. Prioritize tasks by urgency and impact—focus on filing deadlines or key hearings first, delegating research or drafting where possible. Use tools like case management software to track schedules across forums.

    • Time Blocking:
      Reserve specific hours for court appearances, client meetings, and strategy sessions, while carving out non-negotiable personal time—say, evenings for family or mornings for exercise. Planning ahead ensures neither sphere is neglected.

    2. Leverage a Strong Support System

    • Professional Team:
      Rely on junior advocates, paralegals, or associates to handle procedural filings, initial drafts, or evidence collation. For example, while arguing a tariff dispute before a high court, delegate tribunal paperwork to the team. This frees up mental bandwidth for strategic thinking.
    • Personal Network:
      Lean on family or close friends for emotional grounding. A quick dinner with loved ones or a weekend getaway can recharge you, making it easier to return to a contentious arbitration with focus.

    3. Master Efficiency Without Sacrificing Quality

    • Preparation Discipline:
      High-stakes forums demand thoroughness—whether it’s mastering a construction delay claim for an arbitration or a regulatory challenge in a tribunal. Develop a streamlined process: skim key documents first, then deep-dive into critical issues. This saves time while keeping arguments sharp.
    • Travel Smart:
      Frequent appearances across cities mean travel. Use downtime—flights or train rides—to review briefs or unwind with a podcast, blending productivity with relaxation.

    4. Set Boundaries and Protect Personal Time

    • Say No When Needed:  
      Decline non-essential commitments—like an extra case with a tight deadline—if it risks burnout or family time. For instance, after a grueling week at the Supreme Court, politely defer a new client pitch.
    • Unplug Regularly:
      Switch off work calls or emails during designated personal hours. A Sunday hike or movie night without interruptions can feel as rewarding as winning a case.
    • Take Short Trips:
      Whenever you get a breather—say, a long weekend or a gap between hearings—plan a short trip. A quick drive to a nearby hill station or a day by the beach can refresh you, offering a mental reset from the grind of legal battles.

    5. Integrate Passion and Purpose

    • Find Meaning in Work:
      Strategic wins—like securing compensation for a road contractor or defending an energy company’s tariff—can be energizing. When work feels purposeful, it’s easier to justify the long hours and stay motivated.
    • Personal Fulfilment:  
    • Pursue hobbies or causes outside law—gardening, mentoring students, or charity work. These outlets provide joy and perspective, balancing the intensity of legal battles.

    6. Stay Physically and Mentally Fit

    • Routine Matters:
      Long days in court or arbitration can drain you. Exercise (even a 20-minute walk), eat well, and sleep enough to sustain energy. A sharp mind wins cases and enjoys life.
    • Stress Management:
      Techniques like meditation or journaling help process the pressure of a lost motion or a tough cross-examination, keeping you steady for both work and home.

    Get in touch with Sahil Sood –

  • “As India is aspiring to be one of the biggest economies in the world it needs to have effective dispute resolution mechanisms.” – Yashvardhan Singh, Co- Founder at KAY & Partners.

    “As India is aspiring to be one of the biggest economies in the world it needs to have effective dispute resolution mechanisms.” – Yashvardhan Singh, Co- Founder at KAY & Partners.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Given your distinguished and extensive legal background, could you share what initially sparked your passion for the law? Was there a particular defining moment or experience that influenced your decision to pursue this path, or did your interest gradually develop over time? Additionally, how would you reflect on your time at NUSRL in shaping your legal journey?

    Just like any other student fresh out of school, I was clueless as to what to pursue as a career. In my family, everyone had pursued different areas of interest with Noah’s arc being my grandfather, Mr. Jaluram, who himself was a senior advocate and one of the founding members of the Rajasthan High Court Bar at Jodhpur. He started practicing law in the year 1956 along with legal luminaries and politicians like Nathuram Mirdha and many more. His reputations transcends generations and his social connectivity which initially inspired me to pursue law with added guidance by my elder brother Mr. Chakra Vardhan Singh who introduced me to CLAT. I think the decision to pursue law was innate in me as I always had curiosity to understand the logic behind legality and illegality, law enforcement and its interpretations and checks and balances of the Executive. This inquisitiveness with legacy factor always led my inclination towards pursuing the law. 

    Reflecting back on my legal journey and role at the National University of Study and Research in Law (NUSRL), Ranchi requires altogether a complete day. It was an exhilarating experience and complete college life I could have asked for. Those five years were not only the blessings but also gave full authority to be responsible and drive my life to the present day. During those five years, with the supportive faculties, we as one of the foundation batches had privilege and autonomy to pursue everything of our interest including Moot, MUNs, Debates, Research, field visits. Though we had privileges, we had our fair share of challenges as well including funds shortage of university, lack of permanent campus initially and ever changing hostel addresses, lack of alumni base and much more. During those five years, classmates became friends who are now family, had kept my interest in the law and to develop the same in times to come. I am so grateful and thankful for each and every one at NUSRL who have in their unique way contributed in the journey. Navigating those five years with such wonderful experiences has been a blessing for the lifetime and have paved my career path.      

    Following your graduation, you pursued a master’s degree in corporate and commercial law. What motivated you to specialize in this particular area, and how has this specialization influenced the trajectory of your career?

    Since I had decided to pursue litigation and more specifically in the field of corporate and commercial law it was imperative to further pursue a master’s degree in corporate and commercial law. Therefore it required special and technical skills, knowledge which would go along with my area of interest and also I joined master’s degree to live college life again. It was a very enriching experience to pursue master’s degree having practical knowledge in hand and at the same time active academic discussions with the faculties. It was also an experience through which I came across other like-minded people from different backgrounds who ultimately helped in getting diverse opinions on certain topics. I aspire for more academic pursuit in the times to come. 

    Looking back at the early stages of your career, particularly during your tenure as in-house counsel at Wipro, what key experiences significantly enriched your understanding of the law? How did these formative experiences shape the direction and trajectory of your professional journey?

    To find myself interning in Wipro with their Consumer Care and Lighting Division was true serendipity for law student like me. It had a very strong impact on trajectory of my career and if given the chance to repeat one experience, my first priority would be interning at Wipro. I had very supportive and informative sessions from legal team of Wipro including Mr. Sudipta Mukherjee (presently in legal counsel at Daimler-Mercedes), Mr. Amit Mathur (presently legal counsel at Amway), Ms. Rovena David (presently legal counsel at Titan), Mr. Vishal Mittal (presently consultant at Tattvika) and Mr. Manoj Jain (Ex- General Counsel – Wipro Enterprises). Admittedly, it was the perk of being the youngest in the team and fresh out of college that these mentors helped in shaping my career and enabling me to take independent decisions. 

    Each one of them provided me with the exposures at an early stage of my career by sharing their valuable experiences, enabling me to interact with top management and board meetings with a lot of guidance to navigate through the first and foremost phase of my career. Experiences at Wipro has led me to where I am today. 

    Having worked with several companies in an in-house capacity before co-founding your own firm, what prompted you to establish your own practice? Were there any particular challenges or hurdles you encountered during the initial stages of building your firm?

    Our law firm, KAY & Partners is not a result of a recent collaboration but the seeds of this project were planted back in his college days (intentionally or unintentionally). It is a dream of every college friend that they must start something together, so that the life we lived during the college days can be continued. Likewise, Akshay Uppal who was a financial planner for our teams during various intra-University league matches and foods fests also happens to be my business partner now. While the same Kushagra Srivastava who survived the terrors of the monkeys all across our Rishikesh trip is also a partner of the same venture. Harshit Singh Sisodia has been a silent but vigilant actor all around. So it is a college love story which has turned into a marriage for lifetime. 

    To start any project, everyone faces various challenges, we have had our fair share of challenges. The first and foremost challenge we faced was we all four were having been placed in different cities and it was difficult to initialize and plan the roadmap of the firm. Though it was a challenge but there was an opportunity to get together in hindsight. Another challenge we faced was recurring expenses and financial management, but thanks to the Clients we have they were right on time and till today we are holding onto our clients very close to us.  

    As an experienced litigator in commercial, civil, and criminal law, what have been the most challenging cases you’ve handled, particularly in the domain of intellectual property litigation and prosecution?

    In intellectual property matters, every matter is significant and has importance as such matters directly affects the businesses. IP litigations are technical in the sense that until and unless the lawyer does not understand the nuances of the business, it becomes very difficult to litigate in the IP litigations especially Trademark cases. Lower judiciary needs to be sensitised with IP laws as IP litigations are prominently dealt with by only a few High Courts. It becomes very difficult to explain the dynamic nature and concepts of IP laws at a lower judiciary level. 

    Apart from this acquisition of trademarks and IP is also one of the aspects which require careful due diligence and one over side may result into imperfect title in the IP rights it is equally important to have the preventive actions in place including trademark watches which should protect the trademark rights before it is being spilled over to another entity-in-interest. 

    To recall, one of the interesting yet challenging cases was during my stint at one of the companies wherein an allegation in respect of trade dress and design infringement coupled with comparative advertisement and trademark tarnishment was central issue in the litigation. As most of the IP litigations are critical and reputational matters for the marketing team, therefore I had to rigorously understand the marketing side of the case and marketing terminologies, concepts of marketing and financial implications of such litigations. At such a nascent stage of my career though it was exhilarating, I also had my restless moments because of the gravity and potential significant impact that such litigations can have on the businesses. Yet again I am thankful to my mentors who enabled me to navigate through such situations and prepare the matter for litigation.

    I would like to share another anecdote wherein an acquisition was on the verge of completion however it had come to our knowledge that the trademark that we were acquiring was an encumbered one. This information was missed by our advising reputed Indian law firm and foreign law firm. This information was of the nature which could have terminated the ongoing acquisition proceedings, but we were able to resolve the situation by taking an expeditious route of rectification of records to perfect the title. All in all I must say all experiences  and my mentors have taught me how to be  business friendly and be businesses’ lawyer rather than minding my lawyers business.

    In your experience handling insolvency proceedings, what alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms do you typically utilize to guide clients through these complex situations? Furthermore, how do you foresee the future of ADR evolving in the Indian legal landscape?

    In my opinion it is important to have an effective ADR mechanism in place in this present complex business conditions. It is imperative for a business to thrive in conducive conditions where quick and simplified dispute resolution mechanisms are placed in by the government. One of such ADR mechanisms which has been introduced by the government is under MSME Act, 2006. MSME Act provides for an MSME facilitation cell which can be very crucial for resolution of disputes pertaining to MSMEs. It is important that such mechanisms are effective only if it gets due attention and supervision from government and Higher Courts respectively. MSME facilitation council, if provided considerable support and due acknowledgement, can result in effective resolution of  commercial disputes which in effect decreases the burden of Courts which are otherwise engaged and overburdened with other litigations.   

    As India is aspiring to be one of the biggest economies in the world it needs to have effective dispute resolution mechanisms. Achieving such an ambitious yet needful goal, India must have lucrative, speedy and accessible dispute resolution mechanisms. If need arises, Presiding Officers and Arbitrators must be trained to hear and preside over the disputes of specific natures. Additionally, institutional arbitration can play a significant role in such scenarios. It is highly expected from the government and judiciary to promote and develop a conducive environment for evolution of arbitration and ADR mechanism and jurisprudence. Needless to say it would also require efforts from  entire legal fraternity including academicians, in house counsels, lawyers, government officers to promote and help in development of jurisprudence around ADR mechanisms in India

    What advice would you offer to aspiring law students who aim to follow a career path similar to yours? What skills or qualities do you believe are essential for success in this dynamic and increasingly important area of law?

    The first and foremost advice that I would like to give to inspiring law students aiming to follow or pursue a career path in corporate or as in house counsels in the present set of world would be to engage in the internships and training activities with them. It is equally important to make such internships count and have their presence felt in the organization through their work and dedication which should result in the recurring internship and ultimate engagement with the company. Corporates, law firms, lawyers do not expect thorough knowledge of law from a law student, however it is expected from them to be diligent, faithful and updated in respect of the area of law that they are dealing. In this dynamic and increasingly important area of law I believe and recommend for the young graduates and inspiring law students to stay updated, read and read a lot and first understand the business and the requirements of the business or their Clientele. Once they understand the requirement and the nature of the relief/opinion that they (business or Clientele) expect, gravity or urgency of such relief or opinion, it is important to deliver based on such a requirement to their expectation within the set timelines. In this dynamic and increasingly important economic environment it is equally important to deliver the legal services professionally and at par with global standards.

    Balancing a successful career with commitments to public service and education is no easy task. How do you maintain a healthy work-life balance, and what advice would you offer to others who seek to strike a similar balance between their professional ambitions and personal responsibilities?

    To be honest it becomes very difficult to maintain public services and personal responsibilities and professional ambitions together. As a lawyer one needs to have a healthy work life balance and at the same time be social. Though it differs from person to person what is their mantra for healthy work life balance, we at KAY and Partners have decided that we should not only offer a healthy work life balance to ourselves as the partners but also to each and everyone associated with the firm. It is equally important that due to such search decisions the interests of our clients are not hampered. Effective delegation and supportive team members at KAY & Partners is paramount to my healthy work life balance. I must thank all present and past teammates for their efforts and support to achieve what we have done today. 

    Thank you. 

    Get in touch with Yashvardhan Singh –

  • “The cornerstone of a successful and fulfilling career in litigation lies in unwavering dedication, perseverance, and relentless hard work.” – Devashish Bhadauria, AOR at Supreme Court of India and Founder & Managing Partner at Bhadauria & Associates, Law Offices.

    “The cornerstone of a successful and fulfilling career in litigation lies in unwavering dedication, perseverance, and relentless hard work.” – Devashish Bhadauria, AOR at Supreme Court of India and Founder & Managing Partner at Bhadauria & Associates, Law Offices.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Law is often considered both an intellectually stimulating and socially impactful profession. Could you share what initially inspired you to pursue law as a career? Was there a defining moment or a personal experience that deeply influenced your decision to enter this field? Furthermore, how did your early experiences during law school help shape your long-term career goals and aspirations?

    After completing my senior secondary education in 2010, my father encouraged me to pursue a career as a Chartered Accountant, given my background in Commerce. However, I was drawn to the legal profession, which I regard as one of the most esteemed and impactful fields. The study of law not only offers an opportunity to contribute meaningfully to society but also provides a comprehensive understanding of its various facets. 

    I pursued a five-year integrated B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) degree from Amity Law School, Delhi, affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi and my academic journey was enriched by the institution’s distinguished faculty, participation in inter-college competitions, and engagement in various legal seminars. Additionally, I undertook internships every year, gaining substantial practical exposure by working with Advocates and Law Firms across diverse practice areas. These experiences were instrumental in shaping my professional aspirations and provided valuable insights into the legal profession.

    I firmly believe that internships play a pivotal role in a law student’s career. Exposure to different legal domains and organizational structures is essential in making informed career decisions. Without such practical experience, it would be challenging for a student to identify the most suitable area of practice.

    After completing your law degree, you worked with several senior advocates, law offices, and law firms. During the initial phase of your career, when you were just starting out, what were some of the key learning experiences or challenges that left a lasting impact on you? How did these early professional encounters enhance your understanding of the law and propel your career trajectory forward?

    After gaining diverse experience through internships at various law offices and firms, I decided in the final year of my legal studies to pursue a career in litigation with the ultimate goal of establishing myself as an independent practitioner.

    In August 2015, I commenced my professional journey at the Law Office of Mr. Vibhor Verdhan, Advocate, and Mr. Shwetank Sailakwal, Advocate-on-Record, based in Jangpura Extension, New Delhi. As their first and sole Associate at the time, I had the privilege of receiving extensive exposure to litigation practice. Subsequently, I joined the chambers of Mr. Manohar Malik, Advocate, where I once again worked as the only Associate, gaining significant hands-on experience in different fields of law.

    In 2018, I transitioned to a full-service Law Firm, Sondhi Narula Dalal & Associates, Law Offices, where I worked under the guidance of the Firm’s Partners – Mr. Sunil Dalal, Ms. Sangeeta Sondhi and Ms. Ruchi Gour Narula. During my tenure, I was actively involved in handling complex and high profile litigations, further honing my legal acumen.

    In 2021, following the designation of Sunil Sir as a Senior Advocate, I had the distinct opportunity to assist him and continued working in his office for an additional year.

    I remain deeply grateful to all my seniors for their invaluable mentorship, trust, and the opportunities they provided, which have significantly contributed to my professional growth and shaped me into the legal practitioner I am today.

    As the Founder and Managing Partner of Bhadauria & Associates, Law Offices, what motivated you to establish your own legal practice? Were there any specific challenges or obstacles you faced in the initial stages of setting up the firm? What is your long-term vision for the firm, and how do you plan to navigate its growth and success?

    From the outset of my legal career, I aspired to establish my own law practice after gaining substantial experience in litigation. In pursuit of this goal, I commenced my independent practice in April 2022 and co-founded a Law Firm in East of Kailash, New Delhi, along with my wife, Ms. Sristi Sengupta, who is also a Partner. She leads the Firm’s Intellectual Property prosecution and litigation practice.

    I am deeply grateful to my seniors for their unwavering support and guidance in establishing the Firm. This milestone would not have been possible without the blessings and encouragement of my parents, who have been my pillars of strength and motivation.

    Transitioning to independent practice was a significant shift, but I was able to adapt within a few months, and I have not encountered any major challenges in managing the Firm. I firmly believe that the cornerstone of any successful legal practice is client satisfaction. I have always maintained transparency and fairness in my dealings with clients, ensuring they have confidence in their counsel. Regardless of the outcome of a case, I am committed to diligent advocacy, which fosters trust and long-term professional relationships with my clients.

    Your appointment as Senior Panel Counsel for the Union of India is a significant milestone in your career. Could you elaborate on how this appointment came about and the responsibilities it entails? Additionally, being empanelled with prominent Government of India Enterprises such as PEC Ltd., NBCC, EESL, how has this shaped your legal practice?

    Pursuant to my application, I was appointed as a ‘Senior Panel Counsel’ in March 2024 to conduct Central Government litigations and appear for Union of India before Hon’ble High Court of Delhi. This appointment entails significant responsibility, as I am entrusted with matters involving various government entities, including the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Indian Railways, Delhi Police, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, and several Ministries.

    Additionally, my empanelment with several Government of India Enterprises, such as PEC Ltd., NBCC (India) Ltd., Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), and Telecommunications Consultants India Ltd. (TCIL), has been instrumental in strengthening my independent practice. These engagements have provided me with extensive experience in handling government litigation and further solidified my expertise in the field.

    Clearing the Advocates-on-Record Examination on your first attempt is a remarkable achievement. Could you share your experience of this rigorous process and what it means to you personally and professionally? How has this accomplishment impacted your career and opened up new opportunities for you in the legal field?

    Although I was exposed to the practice before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India from the very beginning of my legal career, I had not initially considered pursuing the designation of Advocate-on-Record (AoR). However, after establishing my independent practice in 2022, I sought to expand my professional engagements before the Apex Court. Recognizing that obtaining the AoR designation would enable me to effectively handle matters before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, I appeared for the Advocates-on-Record Examination in June 2024 and successfully cleared it on my first attempt.

    This achievement has opened new avenues in my legal practice, allowing me to independently file, argue, and appear before the highest Court of the country, further strengthening my ability to represent clients at the top level of the justice delivery system.

    In your work with prominent clients like The Times of India and Mankind Pharma Limited, especially when handling complex intellectual property (IP) cases before the High Court of Delhi, and District Courts, what are some of the primary challenges you face regarding IP protection? With the digital age advancing rapidly, how do you foresee the evolution of IP law, particularly in light of the growing trends in digital technologies and online platforms?

    I have been retained by Corporates like The Times of India Group and Mankind Pharma Limited since 2024, for whom I am working as their panel counsel and representing them before various Courts and Forums. The protection and enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights in today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape present several challenges. The proliferation of digital platforms has significantly increased instances of copyright and trademark infringement. Unauthorized reproduction, counterfeiting, and domain squatting have become prevalent, making enforcement more complex. Identifying and holding infringers accountable, particularly when they operate from foreign jurisdictions, poses a significant legal hurdle. With the rise of e-commerce and social media platforms, determining the liability of intermediaries in cases of IP violations has become a contentious issue. Companies face significant challenges in protecting their brands from counterfeit goods, particularly in the pharmaceutical and consumer goods sectors. The enforcement mechanisms, though robust, often require swift legal action, including Anton Piller orders, John Doe orders, and cross-border enforcement strategies.

    The legal fraternity, along with policymakers and stakeholders, must work towards an adaptive and robust IP framework that aligns with technological advancements while ensuring adequate protection of rights of holders. As Counsel, my focus remains on providing strategic legal solutions to clients to safeguard their intellectual property assets in this dynamic landscape.

    Given your wealth of experience, what advice would you offer to aspiring lawyers and law students looking to build a successful and fulfilling career in law and especially cracking the AOR exam?

    The cornerstone of a successful and fulfilling career in litigation lies in unwavering dedication, perseverance, and relentless hard work. There are no shortcuts in this profession, and a ‘never say no’ attitude is indispensable. I have consistently prioritized my professional commitments and embraced new challenges with the belief that each experience contributes to my growth and new learning. Furthermore, maintaining a respectful and collegial approach towards seniors and colleagues at the Bar is essential. 

    For those aspiring to become an Advocate-on-Record (AoR), practical exposure to proceedings before the Hon’ble Supreme Court is invaluable. The mandatory one-year training under an AoR provides critical insights into Supreme Court practice. Additionally, the official website of the Hon’ble Supreme Court offers extensive academic resources, including video lectures, notes, and other reference materials, which are instrumental in guiding and strategizing for the AoR Examination.

    Balancing a demanding and dynamic legal career with personal well-being is a challenge many face. How do you manage to maintain a healthy work-life balance, ensuring that both your professional responsibilities and personal life thrive without one compromising the other?

    Maintaining a healthy work-life balance remains a significant challenge for legal professionals engaged in litigation. Given the nature of litigation practice, there are no fixed timings for a legal practitioner and there are times when a person has to work even after returning home or on weekends. As integral members of the justice delivery system, we are expected to be accessible to our clients at all times, ensuring their legal concerns are addressed promptly and effectively.

    In my case, I am fortunate to have a spouse who is also a legal professional and fully understands the complexities and demands of this profession. This mutual understanding has been invaluable in navigating the challenges associated with a career in litigation. Since establishing my independent practice in 2022, I have been able to exercise greater control over my schedule, allowing me to manage both professional and personal commitments more effectively. While the demands of litigation remain rigorous, having the autonomy to structure my work has enabled me to maintain a more balanced approach to my professional responsibilities while fulfilling other personal obligations.

    Get in touch with Devashish Bhadauria –

  • From Legacy to Practice: Navigating Challenges and Mentorship to Specializing in Civil and Constitutional Law. – Shivam Yadav, Practicing Advocate and Managing Partner at Shivam-Raman & Law Associates.

    From Legacy to Practice: Navigating Challenges and Mentorship to Specializing in Civil and Constitutional Law. – Shivam Yadav, Practicing Advocate and Managing Partner at Shivam-Raman & Law Associates.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    How and why you decided to pursue law or make law your career. But along with that, when did you decide to get into civil and constitutional matters? What was your system and what kind of challenges did you face even before doing all this? 

    The most important thing is that law was never in my mind in my initial days of studies. I wanted to be a doctor. And yes, it is true that I am a second generation lawyer. So, my father remained a very noted criminal lawyer in Allahabad High Court. And then he got elevated to the bench. He remained a judge of Allahabad High Court. And after that he retired as a judge of Allahabad High Court. He became the law commission’s chairman, etc. And now he’s practicing as a senior advocate. So law was never intended. As it happens with many of us. So yes, but law is something, which I believe, which if I had not taken it as a career, then I would not have thrived this much. And I personally feel that law is the only thing which is meant for me. With the efflux of time, you always feel that you can do this, you can do that, but then I personally feel that law is the only one trait where you can achieve anything and everything. That’s one. Secondly, there is no monotony involved in this profession. Every day is a new day. And, every day is a new challenge. Every day is a new case. Every day you get to fight with your friends, your loved ones, your very close ones. And one more thing which is very important is that while we call it practice. It is something that nobody’s perfect. And, even my senior, Mr. SP Gupta used to say that we call it practice for the reasons that we practice it daily. And therefore, nobody’s perfect, even if you falter, if you fail, if you do not deliver properly, then there will be a new day, there will be another day, which is coming and you will succeed. So practice daily and practice with perseverance, practice with utmost devotion, you will succeed. I’m sure about it. So the second thing that you asked was the first hand experience of being a lawyer. So being a lawyer, I told you, this is the best trait one can enter. And for a new lawyer, it is important that in the initial days, he should invest maximum of his time in studies. Apart from preparing cases and preparing your briefs for the seniors and working with them. Doesn’t mean that everything has to be done by the senior. And one should not think that if I’m the last man sitting at the bench in the conference room, or maybe the last man standing in the courtroom along with the team, then my efforts will go unrecognized, nothing. If you’re working, you’re working hard, you will be recognized, your seniors, your immediate colleagues, and even judges. And there’s one more thing which I always remember of my beloved senior. He always used to tell me that when you enter the courtroom, do not try to impress the judge. Try to impress the seniors who are sitting in the courtroom. Because they will be the mouthpiece of yours. They will be talking about you in a thousand places. That this lawyer is doing good, this young lawyer has got good intent of law, etc. So, I personally feel, I develop my practice in this way only, that I never intend to impress upon a judge. My intent was to impress upon my colleagues. My senior advocates, my seniors, immediate seniors who are sitting in the courtroom and whenever I enter the courtroom, they always tell me that if he’s coming, he would be stating the correct facts. He would be placing everything with utmost clarity and without there being any form of deviation from the ethics and the principles which are norms set by our customary ethics and practices. So that’s important. One more thing which is very important, my senior always told me, a lawyer wins a case at his table and he loses the case at his table. It is not in the courtroom. The courtroom is meant for deliveries of your preparation. So to the young lawyers who are all joining the profession of law, it is important that they should try to invest more time on their table, whatever form of table they have, whatever form of chamber they have, big, small, whatever. If you invest your time on the case, preparing it and preparing it thoroughly. You’ll definitely win. You’ll definitely succeed.

    Sir, we’ll continue with the aspect of your beloved senior, Mr. SP Gupta, former Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh, who has influenced your lawyering system. He provided you with a platform to grow and helped you shape your mindset on how to work. If you don’t mind, could you discuss some of the most important, challenging, or rewarding cases you handled under his mentorship, and the lessons you took away from those experiences? 

    See, when I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already at the pinnacle of everything. He was at the top of his field. So, when I joined him, I was extremely happy because it felt like a dream come true. I was joining someone whom I had read about in books. I believe the first case law I read during my law college days was Kesavananda Bharati and SP Gupta vs. Union of India. So, to join him, someone you’ve read about in books, was a much bigger thing for me.

    When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already a top-notch lawyer. He had previously served as the Advocate General twice in Uttar Pradesh, and when I joined him, he had just completed his tenure as Advocate General. When I joined him and almost left his chamber, that was when he became Advocate General again. From Mr. SP Gupta, we learned everything. Whatever my practice is, wherever I stand today, it’s all because of my senior. He taught us everything, right from the basics.

    One thing I always remember about him is that he was very fond of everything in life, but he invested maximum time in reading books, journals, and other things. When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he asked me one question that I still remember. He asked, “Do you read novels?” I said, “Yes, sometimes, not regularly, but often.” He then asked, “When do you read them?” I replied, “Usually in the evenings, or just before going to bed.” He said, “I want to see what kind of novels you read.”

    I thought my senior was interested in my taste in reading, so I gave him extra books—ones that were not even related to me or the genre I typically read. I thought I would show him that I had a wide range of books. The very next day, I was very curious, and I asked him about the books. He said, “They’re in the store.” I asked, “What do you mean by the store?” He replied, “Those books will remain in the store, and they will not be given back to you.” I was surprised and asked why.

    He said, “Instead of reading novels or fiction, you should keep a legal journal, a law journal—whether it’s weekly or monthly—by your bedside. Before you go to bed, you should read it daily.” I asked, “What kind of judgments should I read?” He replied, “Beggars are not choosers. You’re a beggar, you don’t have anything in your pocket. So, collect everything with both your hands and leave nothing behind. Start from page one and read through to the last page of the journal. Read it like a novel. For you, everything—the fiction, the thriller, the romance—everything is in that law journal.”

    He recommended keeping two journals and reading them daily. Even if I don’t intend to practice in a particular field, like tax or company law, I should read it. His point was that reading was for preparedness, not necessarily for immediate specialization. It helps in learning how judges write, how law evolves, and eventually, one day, you’ll get a case related to something you have read before.

    I followed this advice for a significant portion of my career. Though nowadays I don’t do this as much, given the online updates from sources like Live Law, Bar and Bench, and others, I still believe it’s a valuable practice. I would always recommend young lawyers to follow this approach. It helps them understand how things work in the courts and gives them insight into the functioning of the judiciary.

    Another lesson I received from my senior was about the analogy of a grocery store. He always said that a lawyer’s chamber is like a grocery store. There are two types of grocery stores. One carries only a limited selection, while the other is a bigger store with a variety of options. If a customer asks for a chocolate in the first store, the reply would be, “Yes, we have a chocolate, take it.” In the second store, when the customer asks, “Do you have a chocolate?” the reply would be, “We have five brands of chocolate, and each brand comes with ten different flavors. Which one do you want?”

    He asked, “Who would you choose?” The point was clear: preparedness is key. When a client comes to you and asks for something, you should have it ready to offer. A lawyer’s chamber should be like a well-stocked grocery store where you can offer solutions immediately.

    He also emphasized that a lawyer should always be prepared. When a client asks for something, they shouldn’t be told, “Let me check if I have that.” Instead, you should be able to say, “Yes, I have it.” Preparedness is what clients look for, and it’s what makes you stand out.

    These lessons—hard work and preparedness—have stayed with me. Mr. SP Gupta always told me that specialization comes after years of practice, after you’ve invested ten or twenty years into your career. Before that, the key is to be well-prepared in every field. Whether it’s tax, criminal law, or constitutional law—be prepared for anything that comes your way.

    You were with your senior for quite some time and you decided to start your own law firm at a very early stage of your career. How did that happen? And what actually were your plans, or rather, what are your plans for moving forward, and the things that you are seeing nowadays?

    In the legal profession, so many things have changed drastically, especially after COVID hit us. The kind of practice that you may have seen earlier and the kind of practice we now have – where do you see the legal practice going? And how have you equipped yourself with the new practice that has come up, especially the online aspect?
    Sure! Here’s the rephrased version without changing the meaning of the text:

    Let’s start with the online aspect. After the COVID pandemic, we’ve entered a new normal, which includes the way we interact now. This is the new normal, and we all need to be prepared for it. As I mentioned earlier, technology has greatly evolved. While I still subscribe to journals and continue to read them, we’ve also shifted to digital means of gathering all types of information.

    With this shift, it’s crucial to be clear about one thing: if you don’t keep up with technological advancements, you’ll become obsolete. You must adapt to these changes. That’s one point. Secondly, with the development of AI, there are many challenges. People see it as a helpful assistant, but I believe constant supervision is necessary. One should never rely entirely on AI because, at the end of the day, it remains artificial, while original thought should remain original. That being said, I strongly recommend that as technology changes, and as the ways and means of obtaining information evolve, you must stay in tune with these developments and remain aligned with them.

    Regarding Mr. Gupta’s role in the development of my practice after I made the shift, I worked with him, interned with him, and then joined his chamber. I continued working with him until one day in 2012 when he was appointed as the Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh for the second time. It was his decision, not mine, because when you refer to someone as a senior, you must trust their judgment entirely. It’s their decision when the time is right for you to start your independent practice.

    So, when he received this prestigious appointment, he called me and asked to discuss something with me. I went to his chamber, and he said, “Shivam, I think it’s time for you to start your independent practice.” At that time, I wasn’t very sure, because when you’re working with a senior, you have a shield. But when you start independently, that shield is gone, and you are accountable for everything. You’re responsible for everything that happens in your chamber. This was one of the challenges I faced after leaving Mr. SP Gupta’s chamber because once you’re independent, every decision, every case, and every outcome falls on your shoulders.

    There are good days, but there are also bad ones. In the beginning, it’s hard to know when you’ll land in a good spot or a bad spot. But, as I said, it was his decision, and he believed I could develop into a good lawyer over the next ten years. So, I started my practice independently. Of course, there were benefits, like getting referrals and support, but ultimately it’s your responsibility to maintain and grow your practice. You might get nominated and appointed as a lawyer for any big firm, corporation, or entity, but that company or entity won’t retain you if you don’t perform well.

    My senior recognized my potential and encouraged me to focus on the civil side of law. At that time, my father, who was a judge at Allahabad High Court, had restricted me and my brother from practicing criminal law. He had issued a strict instruction that we should not be seen on the criminal side of the Allahabad High Court, which was split into two blocks: one for civil matters and one for criminal matters. His reasoning was that if we were seen in the criminal side, we wouldn’t be allowed to continue in the chamber.

    So, one of the reasons my senior recommended that I start my independent practice, particularly on the civil side, was because of my father’s directive. He believed that if I could establish myself in civil law, I could eventually practice on the criminal side too, though I’m not undermining the criminal side. Having experience in civil law gives you a better understanding of how things work, which can be helpful when dealing with criminal matters. I tried my hand at criminal law as well, but my main area of expertise has always been civil law, and I enjoy practicing in this area.

    That’s how it happened. My senior’s recommendation was crucial in guiding my decision. As for the development of a law firm, my senior had once suggested that I move to Delhi to start practicing in the Supreme Court while my brother would continue in Allahabad. But this plan didn’t work out. My brother chose to move to the Supreme Court, and I stayed in Allahabad, but we decided to start a small law firm. My brother took charge of that, and the firm has been growing ever since.

    Developing a law firm or a chamber is all connected to your practice. It’s about conceiving ideas and adapting to the evolving landscape. But I would say that having an independently established practice can sometimes be more rewarding than having a law firm. The growth of your practice depends on how you nurture it, and a solo practice can often be more fulfilling than being part of a larger law firm.

    You’ve dealt with a versatile range of cases, which is not easy for anyone. You’ve ventured into many different, complex matters. How have you navigated through all of this, especially keeping in mind that you not only have to understand these cases but also help your clients understand what you’re doing? There must be some impactful cases that have shaped your career and changed your approach. Could you share a couple of such impactful cases?

    As I mentioned earlier, when I started my practice independently, I was appointed by one of the most prestigious corporations in the state, the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA). At that time, I was appointed as the standing counsel for NOIDA. In addition to NOIDA, I was also appointed for the Ghaziabad Development Authority, UP Power Corporation, and Kanpur Development Authority, along with several other corporations. However, NOIDA was the one corporation that was facing the highest number of litigations. If you recall, there was a significant full bench decision in the case of Gajraj Singh, which I was part of—not as the standing counsel for NOIDA, but as a respondent represented by my senior, where I was assisting him.

    The Gajraj decision had a significant impact in the Allahabad High Court and essentially changed land acquisition litigation there. It was the biggest decision, and over 1000 cases were decided in that batch of petitions. As a standing counsel, the benefit you get is the variety of cases you handle, and you must manage and address everything yourself. As my senior always told me, if you work hard and focus on your table, you will succeed in every matter. I took this advice to heart and kept it simple. I always advise my juniors and colleagues that when you start something new in your career or practice, you should start from scratch.

    Starting from scratch means buying a bare act, reading it, and understanding the content. From the bare act, you will get at least a basic idea of what you are working with. The next step is understanding the client’s case, followed by thorough research. I followed the same approach without any shortcuts to navigating complex issues—there’s no magic rule, just basics and whatever has been taught to you before. Additionally, I’ve worked on significant cases, including land acquisition cases and election petitions, representing top politicians in the state.

    One case that stands out for me involved caste certificates being issued from outside the state to employees of NOIDA who had been working for 10, 15, or even 20 years. With changes in the corporation’s hierarchy, these certificates were questioned, and it was decided that these certificates, issued against the Supreme Court’s full bench decision (in the caste census case), would not be valid. NOIDA decided to terminate the services of 10 to 20 employees based on this issue. This matter went before a single judge at Allahabad High Court, with Honorable Mr. Justice AP Shahi presiding.

    When I first appeared before the court, I believed the case was straightforward due to the Supreme Court’s ruling, but the Hon’ble judge was very cautious. He noted how harsh it seemed to question the caste certificates of employees who had worked for 15 years. I explained that it was an issue of legality, and the actions taken were correct. However, the court asked me to assist in finding a fair solution. After researching, I found that there was only one judgment related to the issue, given by the Goa bench of the Bombay High Court. The court ultimately used this judgment to rule against NOIDA, saying the caste certificate issue didn’t apply here, as the employees had valid connections to Uttar Pradesh.

    Although I lost the case, the judgment had a significant impact on my career. The court appreciated my fairness, human approach, and my role as an officer of the court. The judgment, which was 14 to 16 pages long, devoted 8 to 9 pages to my arguments, which was a great acknowledgment. Even though I didn’t win, I believe I worked harder than anyone else, and I felt I had supported the cause of justice. As a lawyer, representing a respondent doesn’t always mean you should aim to dismiss the petition; instead, you should focus on achieving justice in whatever form it comes.

    Another significant case I worked on involved an election petition. It was my first time being involved in such a matter, and it was an eye-opener about how civil trials and election petitions function. Unlike writ petitions, election petitions require careful consideration of the client’s version, defense, evidence, and procedural details. This case helped me understand the intricacies of civil law and the trial process, especially how evidence is presented and applied. This experience was incredibly important for my career.

    Moreover, land acquisition cases have been a major part of my practice, especially due to my work with corporations. I became quite proficient in land acquisition law, especially with the advent of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement Act, 2013. I was one of the first lawyers to argue the applicability of section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, which had been widely debated. My argument was that the use of “and” or “or” in this context should be understood properly. This argument was later accepted by the Supreme Court of India in the Indore Development Authority’s case. I consider this one of my key contributions to land acquisition law.

    In summary, I’ve had extensive experience with land acquisition cases, election petitions, and several other types of civil matters, each leaving a significant impact on my career. And as I always tell my juniors, if you want to become an expert, start with the basics and work your way up from the bare act.

    Does this sense of social responsibility extend to your pro bono work? You also serve as a counsel for the High Court Legal Services Authority. How important do you think legal aid is in ensuring justice is accessible, particularly for those who can’t afford legal representation? In today’s world, balancing such a demanding legal practice with pro bono work must be challenging. How do you manage both?
    The idea of pro bono work has always stayed with me, and I consider it something of an inheritance. My father also practiced pro bono work, and it was something we always did as part of our routine. If someone couldn’t afford our fees, we would still offer help without charge. I became associated with the High Court Legal Services Authority because a close friend of mine recommended it. He pointed out that while the District Legal Services Authority often doesn’t attract top-tier lawyers, the High Court and Supreme Court Legal Services Authorities have much better opportunities for those willing to help.

    I’ve always believed that if you’re already doing a lot of pro bono work, there’s no need for anything extra. You’re already in your chamber daily, going to court, doing your job — it’s all part of your practice. Pro bono work provides internal satisfaction, knowing you’re contributing to society.

    Additionally, I noticed that the panels of lawyers in pro bono cases often didn’t include top lawyers with good practices, so I thought I should break that barrier and get involved. I wanted others to see that a well-established lawyer could also participate and provide quality assistance. I’m glad that I took this step, as the High Court Legal Services Authority gives me a lot of cases — including jail appeals, writ petitions, and others — where my involvement is needed. When you do this work, it always feels good, and for me, if you’re a lawyer earning well, a portion of your practice should be dedicated to pro bono work.

    You don’t necessarily need to be part of the High Court or Supreme Court Legal Services Authority to do pro bono work; any legal services panel or even independent work can be done on your own. I’ve always done this. If someone approaches me and tells me they can’t afford my fee, I’m happy to offer free assistance. It doesn’t matter to me because, as my father always used to say, “You’re not taking anything from them. You’re doing your work, and if you help others, perhaps God will remember you and bring more clients your way.”

    This is something that happened to me once. A client I helped for free, who couldn’t pay my fees, later sent me ten cases with significant fee margins. You never know who you might help, and sometimes it comes back to you in ways you wouldn’t expect. Helping others in pro bono work doesn’t need special arrangements or recognition — it’s not something you need to broadcast. It’s a personal commitment, something you do for the right reasons, and it should be kept to yourself. That’s how I’ve always approached it.

     You’ve also built a dedicated team of associates. What do you look for when selecting these associates, and how do you ensure that the culture of your firm remains intact while nurturing young legal professionals?

    Personally, I believe that everything I’ve received from my senior, I should pass on to the younger generation. That’s one of my core beliefs. I interact with them and maintain a friendly relationship, but I also follow certain principles in my chamber. One such principle is that I don’t save their phone numbers unless they truly earn it. I tell every junior that you need to do so much that I should feel compelled to call you, to search for your number and reach out to you. This approach works well with the young lawyers who join my chamber. They all want to be on their senior’s “fast dial” list.

    I also look for young lawyers who have the right passion and drive. I don’t ask about their law degrees or grades in exams. That’s not what matters to me. I conduct a simple interview, and if I sense genuine passion for the profession, they are with me. If you’re not pursuing the profession with the passion it requires, then you’re not with me. I’m a tough taskmaster, and I do scold my juniors when needed. They’re sometimes afraid of me because they know if they make a mistake, I will be very strict with them. But despite this, I remain friendly and approachable.

    When I sit with my juniors, I do so with the clear intent of sharing everything I’ve learned, everything I’ve earned from my seniors. One thing I always try to instill in them is the importance of understanding concepts. I discourage rattofying. Even when reading books, statutes, or judgments, especially the CPC or the CRPC, I stress understanding the concepts behind them. I use the example of the CPC to explain that it’s organized in a particular manner, and you need to understand that structure. For instance, if someone were to ask where the written statement comes in the order of the CPC, and they said it was order one, I would expect them to immediately correct it, as it doesn’t belong there.

    I encourage them to think conceptually, as I believe that if your concepts are clear, you will be able to understand everything. There’s no need to memorize everything in detail, especially since the bar exam is now an open-book exam, which is the right approach. You should know where to find the information, and that comes from having clear concepts.

    I believe I have a great team of about 10 associates, five of whom are highly effective and work closely with me. I provide them with a lot of work and insights into how things should be done, and I think they’re doing well. I’m always available for my juniors, even if they’re not in my chamber. If you come across me and have a question or need help, I’m always ready to offer suggestions and any assistance they need.

     The way you approach the mentoring process, it’s clear that your juniors not only learn from you professionally, but also grow personally. Speaking of personal growth, I’d like to touch on something increasingly important — mental health. Given the immense pressures of the legal profession, how do you maintain your mental well-being, and how do you ensure that your team is also taking care of their mental health?

    As I mentioned earlier, I always try to maintain a friendly relationship with my team. I approach them like an elder brother and strive to remain insightful and supportive. While professional matters are important, I also believe in fostering personal connections whenever possible. When there’s time or space, I enjoy taking them out to restaurants or other places to help them relax and bond in a more friendly, informal setting. It’s important for them to feel good and maintain a positive state of mind.

    Additionally, there’s a principle that my senior taught me, and I’ve followed it throughout my career. My senior never worked on Fridays, and I’ve adopted the same tradition. For the past 16 years, I haven’t worked on Fridays, with only a few exceptions, which I try to avoid. I prefer to handle most of my work on Saturdays, from morning to evening, so that my evenings are free to spend quality time with my family—my kids and my wife. This practice also helps clear my mind because, without time for yourself, constant work can negatively affect your mental well-being.

    As you rightly pointed out, the post-COVID era has introduced many new challenges, and it’s crucial to prioritize your health. For any junior, if you’re not feeling well—whether physically or mentally—it’s important to speak up. In our profession, especially as a lawyer, you must be vocal. If you’re not able to speak up for yourself, how can you speak for your clients? If your senior isn’t interacting with you or isn’t providing the support you need, don’t hesitate to formally express it. It’s important to be open about your concerns.

    Similarly, if your senior is friendly and approachable, always make sure to communicate your feelings. For your own mental health, whenever you’re finishing up for the day and leaving your chamber, avoid talking about work or courtroom gossip. Instead, focus on conversations that bring you joy and positivity—anything that lifts your spirits. This helps maintain a healthy balance.

    It’s a difficult profession, and without proper mental health care, it becomes even harder to thrive.

    Thank you, sir, for sharing these insights so openly. It’s not easy to talk about mental health, as many often dismiss it. But you’ve been very transparent about it.
    Yes, it’s crucial. I personally believe that 80 percent of lawyers in this country are under immense pressure. The workload can be overwhelming and mentally taxing, more so than other professions. It creates a lot of stress and trauma, and it’s not easy to handle. You need to be quick, clear, agile, and constantly prepared. This profession demands a lot from you.

    If your mental health is compromised, it becomes very difficult to survive. Mental health encompasses physical health, emotional well-being, and happiness. If you’re thriving but are constantly unhappy, there’s no point in simply doing well if you’re not at peace. Even seniors should emphasize the importance of mental health. I always encourage my juniors to share any issues they may be facing. I ask them, “What’s going on? Why don’t you seem okay today?” It’s important to check in with each other.

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