You began your academic journey with a background in commerce and CS before pursuing your LL.B. What inspired this transition, and how did your early education shape your understanding of law?
Honestly, law wasn’t something I had planned from the beginning. I was sitting with my mother one day, completely confused about what to do next. I told her I wasn’t really interested in commerce, and she laughed and said, “Hamare ghar mein koi lawyer nahi hai, aur tumhara toh waise bhi ladai-jhagde ka dimag chalta hai — law kar lo.” It was said jokingly, but somehow it stayed with me. The very next thing I knew, I had taken admission in Madhusudan Law College.
Once I started studying law, I realised how naturally it connected with the way I think — questioning, reasoning, and standing up for what feels right. My commerce and CS background gave me a habit of thinking logically and paying attention to detail, which later helped a lot in legal drafting and understanding case records. Looking back, that light-hearted moment with my mother actually became the turning point of my life.
During your initial years of college and early practice, what key lessons or experiences prepared you for active litigation? Was pursuing litigation something you had always envisioned for yourself?
To be very honest, during college I was never one of those overly serious law students. I used to bunk classes quite often and sit under the neem tree with friends. I was very active in co-curricular activities- debates, events, organizing functions, but attending regular lectures was never really my thing. At that time, I hadn’t even imagined that I would actually take up litigation one day.
Things changed when I moved to Jodhpur in 2016. In 2018, I joined the trial court, and honestly, it was a tough beginning. I had no friends here, no contacts, and I didn’t know how I was going to find my place in a completely new professional circle. Those initial months: almost eight to nine, were all about learning by observing and surviving through small but meaningful experiences.
Later, I shifted to the High Court, and that’s when I realised that maybe this was exactly where I was meant to be. Looking back now, I feel choosing litigation was one of the best decisions I’ve made. It challenged me, shaped me, and made me value the strength that comes from starting all over again in a new city, purely on your own effort.
You have been practicing at the Rajasthan High Court across diverse areas such as commercial law, property disputes, arbitration, and criminal matters. How did you build versatility across these domains and manage all matters effectively?
Over time, I’ve handled a variety of matters, from commercial and property disputes to arbitration and criminal cases, but if I’m being honest, criminal litigation is my real zone. It naturally suits my personality. I’ve always been someone who believes in standing firm, not getting intimidated, and saying things as they are. That fearless side of me connected very well with the criminal side of practice.
In criminal law, you learn to read people, their behaviour, mindset, and what drives them. Understanding how a criminal thinks or reacts is not just about law; it’s about human psychology, and that’s what makes it so fascinating. It gives you a different kind of edge and maturity as a lawyer.
For female lawyers especially, criminal litigation adds a certain strength to your personality, it teaches you how to hold your ground in tough spaces. Over time, I’ve realised that while I enjoy working across different branches of law, criminal litigation brings out the most fearless and analytical version of me.
You have also been actively contributing as a pro bono lawyer. What motivates your involvement in public service, and how have these experiences shaped your understanding of access to justice?
I’ve always felt that the purpose of being a lawyer shouldn’t just be limited to luxury litigation or earning money. Somewhere, we tend to forget that the law was made for people who actually need its protection the most. Around my own neighbourhood, I’ve seen so many individuals who quietly suffer because they don’t even know their rights, they simply don’t have the awareness or resources to seek help.
That’s why I take my legal aid work very seriously. The Legal Services Authority often appoints me in such cases, and I consider it both a duty and an honour. One case that really stayed with me was an MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) matter involving a minor rape victim from a very difficult background. She was completely unaware of the legal process, and time was crucial. Managing that case made me realise how powerful our profession can be when used with empathy and urgency.
At the end of the day, I truly believe that we become lawyers in the real sense only when we stand beside those who genuinely need us. The real purpose of this profession lies in restoring someone’s faith in the law. When people see that justice can actually protect them, their trust in the system grows stronger, and that trust, once earned, is the most meaningful reward a lawyer can ever receive.
As a panel advocate for the Rajasthan State Legal Services Authority, what has been one of the most challenging cases you’ve handled, and how did you navigate it?
Every legal aid matter has its own challenges, but one case that I will never forget was before a Division Bench. I was representing the respondent father in a matter involving a 9-month-old baby who had been given in adoption without informing the natural mother.
Even though I was appearing for the respondent, the case affected me deeply. When the court finally directed that the baby be handed back to the natural mother, the entire courtroom turned emotional. On one side stood the mother who had given birth, and on the other, the woman who had cared for the baby and nurtured her for months. Watching both of them break down was heart-wrenching.
That day reminded me that law isn’t always about right or wrong, sometimes it stands between two truths, two emotions, and two lives. Even the Hon’ble Bench remarked that while everyone felt the pain, law is law. That moment taught me that as lawyers, we must carry empathy with firmness, to feel the human side of justice while still upholding the legal one.
Alongside your legal practice, you have written articles for reputed publications on issues such as gender equity and the experiences of women in law. What inspired you to explore these themes, and how do you see the role of women evolving within the legal profession?
Whatever I’ve written so far has come from what I’ve actually seen and felt inside courtrooms, not from theory, but from daily experiences. I’ve seen how small things, which often go unnoticed, slowly create barriers for women in this profession. Everyone talks about gender equity, but very few actually address the uncomfortable truths behind it.
Through my writing, I’ve tried to reflect what many women advocates silently feel but don’t say out loud. These are thoughts that belong to all of us — I’ve just tried to put them into words. Because if we don’t speak, how will anyone know where the problem truly lies?
Yes, things are changing, but the pace is slow. Still, I genuinely believe that women are no longer just part of the legal system — we’re shaping it, questioning it, and giving it new meaning. And if my articles can make even one person pause and think about these realities, I feel I’ve done something worthwhile as both a lawyer and a writer.
You have represented clients before multiple forums, including the Rajasthan High Court, Commissions, and Tribunals, and have also appeared in various Public Interest Litigations. What is your perspective on the evolving scope of PILs and their significance for the legal community?
Public Interest Litigation, in its true sense, is a beautiful concept — it allows the court to hear those who otherwise have no voice. I’ve been fortunate to work as amicus curiae in matters like the Nari Niketan case and the suo motu matter related to stray animals, both of which dealt with genuine issues that directly impacted public welfare. These cases made me realise how meaningful PILs can be when handled with sincerity — they push real change, bring accountability, and ensure that the law reaches beyond individuals to society at large.
But the truth is, over time, I’ve also seen how this concept is being diluted. Many people now file PILs without proper groundwork or genuine cause — just to gain attention or to keep their names in circulation. Because of such misuse, even genuine petitions sometimes don’t get the seriousness they deserve. That’s the sad part — when the noise of the unnecessary hides the voice of the necessary.
As lawyers, we carry a responsibility to preserve the sanctity of PILs. If we treat it with respect and care, it can remain one of the strongest instruments of justice in our system. For me, being appointed amicus and working on causes that truly matter has been both humbling and grounding — it reminds me that law is at its best when it serves humanity, not headlines.
With experience spanning civil, criminal, and commercial practice, what moments have most shaped your perspective toward the practice of law?
When I look back, I feel even small incidents can shape your entire perspective as a lawyer. I still remember one moment from my early days in practice. I had just joined my senior’s office, and one day, my matter was listed before a Division Bench. I requested an adjournment because I didn’t have the file — the staff had taken it, assuming it wouldn’t be listed.
But the court refused and said, “No adjournment. Madam Borana, how long will you keep asking for adjournments?” For a second, I went blank. I said, “My Lords, I have no instructions to argue.” The Bench replied, “We’ll give you the file, you argue.”
That moment hit me hard. I gathered courage and said, “My Lords, it’s not that I don’t argue — I just never got the opportunity in your court. You may ask me any facts from the file, and I’ll answer.” That one push changed everything. Later, I realised the judges weren’t being harsh — they were motivating me. And interestingly, the same judge today appreciates my work the most.
That incident boosted my confidence and reminded me that sometimes the courtroom itself becomes your best teacher. Every tough moment, every unexpected challenge — they all prepare you quietly for what’s next.
What core principles have guided you throughout your career, and what advice would you offer to young lawyers aspiring to build an independent practice in the High Courts?
This profession tests you in every possible way, emotionally, mentally, and even morally. What has always guided me through it all are three simple principles: honesty, preparation, and patience.
Honesty — because in the end, the court can always sense your intent. Preparation — because confidence in the courtroom doesn’t come from personality alone; it comes from the hard work you put in behind the scenes. And patience — because growth in litigation doesn’t happen overnight. You have to show up every single day, learn, observe, and keep your calm even when things move slowly.
My advice to young lawyers is simple — don’t wait for confidence; build it through preparation and persistence. Read your files as if they’re your responsibility, not just your assignment. Respect the court, stay consistent, and never let rejections shake your foundation.
As for myself, I wish to continue strengthening my independent practice and focus on matters that hold both legal and human value. Law, for me, is not about fame or success — it’s about ensuring that justice is not just delivered but also felt.
Sir, you have extensive experience in civil and criminal disputes, arbitration and various other areas. What initially drew you to law, and how did you develop your specialization in dispute resolution and corporate advisory?
If I reflect back on my journey as an advocate, I think the initial seeds were sown during my school days at Salwan Public School. Although I come from a science background, I was greatly influenced by my teachers at Salwan Public School who taught me social science and environmental studies during the initial days. At a very young age, I had developed strong views on critical topics such as caste reservation, women emancipation, global warming etc. Later on, Amity Law School propelled me further on my path towards social awakening where law was taught not only as a discipline but as a tool for bringing social change. I was greatly influenced by my professors who taught us subjects like Political Science, Law, Poverty & Justice and Jurisprudence which added fuel to the fire of my curiosity about this fascinating field. The turning point in my life was my internship experience with veteran leader of the Bar, Mr. R.N.Vats, Advocate, and time that I have spent in his chambers just kept sucking me into the field of law like a black hole even though initially I started my career in the corporate field as a management professional but eventually since my calling was always law so I went back to his chambers to master the essentials, understand the rudiments and get a solid foundation. As far as developing specialization in dispute resolution and corporate advisory is concerned, destiny has a role to play in it. It is a rule that if a lawyer’s diary permits, he must not say no to any brief which calls upon him. Following this principle and given my prior corporate experience and extensive network owing to my IIM roots, I started getting a lot of work initially in corporate advisory through my colleagues and friends. I was also lucky to get support from like-minded, hardworking, accomplished and brilliant colleagues from the Bar like Dr.Amit George & Mr. Sushant Singh, Advocate, who recognized and acknowledged my talent at an early stage of my life and entrusted me with complex briefs which required meticulous preparation and attention to detail which helped me develop my specialisation in dispute resolution over the time.
After completing your law degree, you transitioned into management and HR leadership with prominent organizations before returning to law. What motivated these career shifts, and how have these experiences complemented your legal practice?
Although, I always had a strong inclination towards the field of law but my curiosity and desire to explore other walks of life, while I was still young, led me to pursue the field of business management, when the life presented me with an opportunity to specialise in human resources from the Indian Institute of Management Ranchi. My experience at IIM Ranchi was a game changer for me, giving me much needed corporate and international exposure.
Interdisciplinary studies and holistic view about different areas of human knowledge is essential in shaping world view as law is a field which requires an open mind not having a myopic view. Very often the written code and precedents may blind us and seemingly show a dead end, but creative interpretation is necessary to do justice while at the same time respecting the code. This is why law is such a dynamic field and poses intricate challenges before jurists and lawyers all the time. The underlying motivation for me was to keep learning and growing my perspective and widen the lens through which I see the world. My experience in leadership roles with prominent organizations has led me to understand and appreciate the bottom-line pressures and regulatory challenges which businesses face while achieving corporate objectives in an ethical and legal way which has in-turn helped me to think more practically about law and regulations rather than focus on theory. My corporate experience and exposure has helped me to find innovative solutions for my clients to resolve business disputes often by way of mediated settlements in a faster way not requiring prolonged litigation.
Your practice spans dealing in sectors like FMCG, automobile, construction, and more. What are the major regulatory challenges you encounter today, particularly in the automobile sector, and how do you advise companies to navigate them?
The automobile sector is one sector which has a strong lobbying with the government when it comes to aligning national policies with domestic interests. Unfortunately, the entire ecosystem and infrastructure, roads etc. are still lacking and not conducive to pave the way for future technologies and international players to enter the market. If we have to provide high class mobility for a billion and a half Indians, our automobile sector needs to buckle up. The world is miles ahead and our automobile sector is lagging behind facing immense pressure from environmentalists and lawmakers. Another aspect is safety concerns on Indian roads and fast changing regulations, emission standards which constantly require upgrading technology to meet the changing demands. There are several sectors aligning closely with automobile sector and dependant on automobiles for survival including spare parts industry, oil and lubricants (where counterfeiting and trademark infringement is rampant), tyres, auto-insurance & loans (our courts are filled with accident claims and cases of loan defaults), e-taxi/cabs services etc. which pose unique legal challenges of their own. The second hand automobile market has its own qualms and now there are new big players in automobile rentals and second-hand sales who have entered the market and disrupted the scene. Second hand sale of luxury/ultra-premium vehicles is on the rise and inter State pricing differential helps in cost arbitrage and savings for the customers due to lower regulatory life of diesel vehicles in certain states. We have seen a rise in the number of consumer disputes against automobile companies. Very often, the contracts with dealers and distributors, service providers etc. are loosely worded without delineating properly the liabilities which arise out of “deficiency in service” beyond standard warranties. Moreover, there are emerging service aggregators who are going to dominate the auto-service sector in the near future and they are likely to plead intermediary immunity in cyber space. From the legal and regulatory standpoint, it is important to have proper demarcation between different business verticals providing connected services, revisit standard warranties and business contracts and implement a robust 100% compliance approach. Litigation is unavoidable in this sector, however, when it dawns it is important to pursue the cases diligently with coherent strategy keeping in mind long term implications in such a dynamic environment. The electric two-wheeler space is buzzing with emerging players and keeping litigation costs low early on is a challenge especially when India is a vast country and finding adequate legal representation in remote areas still remains a challenge as proceedings are dominated sometimes by local language which is a barrier in itself.
Balancing a wide-ranging practice that includes litigation, arbitration, advisory work, and pro-bono work, how do you manage competing professional demands while maintaining personal balance?
Although we lawyers have the liberty to work from home, from what I have seen in the legal industry, balancing competing professional demands and maintaining personal balance is the biggest challenge in life of all accomplished lawyers and even the senior-most lawyers in the fraternity struggle with this. A healthy mind dwells in a healthy body so maintaining physical health must take priority for anyone who wants to pursue this field with passion. Over the time, I have realised the importance of maintaining balance and spending time with family and pursuing hobbies which although initially is difficult to maintain in this profession but over the time with experience and clever self-management hacks coupled with prioritizing techniques can help solve this problem to a large extent. Having a schedule and following a routine is thus important which helps divide time between competing demands. From what I have learnt from senior members of the Bar, being a lawyer is all about staying in balance which is a constant struggle.
For young lawyers and professionals aspiring to specialize in litigation and corporate advisory, what key skills, experiences, or interdisciplinary knowledge would you recommend prioritizing early in their careers?
It is important to develop the skill to question everything and think critically but patience and tenacity are key virtues required in this profession which can be acquired early on by following a spiritual path from the very beginning. Further, reading religious scriptures (without becoming a fundamentalist) also helps in developing virtues of patience and diligence. I recommend reading literature in human psychology and how our understanding of the functioning of the human brain, habits and behaviours is used in modern business landscapes as a marketing and business strategy to advance corporate interests. This coupled with critical thinking is useful in separating truth from lies in this modern world of instant broadcast. Besides, it is absolutely essential to have good command over the English language and develop computer skills which can enhance your productivity and speed in a firm environment. Legal research and drafting are two pillars of litigation that go hand in hand and one complements the other. These are the basics which will give you impetus to start with confidence in your journey.
Reflecting on your multifaceted career spanning legal practice, HR leadership, and advisory roles, what guiding principles or lessons have shaped your success, and how would you advise the next generation to approach complex legal and organizational challenges?
There are certain guiding propositions which I strongly believe in which have helped me carry on and prosper in this profession. The most important is that when I took the decision to enter litigation, I strongly believed and I still do, that there is no Plan “B”. I will not turn back at all and I will die as a lawyer. This approach has helped me stay firm to my resolve to pursue litigation even amidst personal adversity.
The second principle which I strongly believe in is that if you pursue the field of litigation over the time span of 15-20 years, the odds of your success are more than the odds of failure provided you remain honest, hardworking and dedicated to learning from mistakes. I have seen lawyers struggling with even basic English language in the beginning but over the time span of 5-6 years they have mastered the ability to navigate court systems and procedures with ease and that’s only because they kept on going.
The third most important principle is to remain content with steady progress and growth. Very high ambitions can soon turn into disappointment. As they say Courts are not meant for unjust enrichment but only compensation for loss, similarly litigation being the profession which commands highest standards and respect can help you earn a decent livelihood but if you want to become rich then go do some business or take up some other career path. With time though, sincere and dedicated lawyers do become rich but their motivation is not to earn money which is rather a natural consequence which flows from being a trusted advisor.
As far as approaching complex legal and organizational challenges is concerned, my advice would be to sit, live and breathe with files as long as you can and just keep going at it till the complexity dissolves. In the early stages of my legal career amidst the hustle, I specifically made time to read and analyse case files in silos which helped me in understanding the facts properly and then apply legal principles to a given set of facts. It is important to take charge and lead the brief from the front.
There is nothing which you can’t do or understand. If others can do it, you can also do it, you just need to believe in yourself and keep your confidence high. When you are genuinely stuck just reach out and seek help from your mentors and seniors at the Bar. Bar is a very resourceful asset and my experience has been that members of the Bar are not competitive rather co-operative. I have learnt how to tackle complexity extensively from fellow colleagues and senior advocates over morning walks, informal discussions etc. but most importantly from court room experiences. There’s a saying in courts that if you absent yourself from courts for more than three consecutive days, then a lawyer is considered dead. So, make it a habit to visit courts daily and interact with members of the Bar where the maximum learning happens.
With nearly two decades of experience practicing across multiple courts and legal forums, what first inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how has your motivation evolved over the years?
From an early stage, I was fascinated by how the law functions as both a shield and a tool for justice. Watching how legal interventions could alter the course of people’s lives inspired me to pursue this profession. Initially, my motivation stemmed from a desire to understand the technicalities of the law and its practical application. Over the years, however, the focus has shifted towards ensuring accessibility to justice and using legal knowledge to create meaningful impact. The challenges of litigation, coupled with the responsibility of advocating for clients across diverse forums, continue to strengthen my passion for this profession. Today, my motivation is rooted not only in professional growth but also in the satisfaction of standing by those who rely on law as their last resort.
You have handled an exceptionally diverse range of matters, from property disputes and intellectual property rights to criminal law and matrimonial cases. How do you adapt your legal strategies to address the unique demands of such varied practice areas?
Each practice area carries its own nuances, requiring flexibility and a tailored approach. For property disputes, the emphasis is often on documentary evidence and statutory interpretation. In intellectual property matters, strategy lies in understanding technical details and balancing innovation with enforcement. Criminal law demands precision in procedural safeguards, while matrimonial cases require a balance of empathy and firmness. I adapt by conducting extensive research, analyzing precedents, and understanding the unique facts of each matter rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all approach. Equally important is the ability to listen, both to clients and to the evolving expectations of courts, which ensures that strategies remain responsive and effective across different fields.
Property law and land disputes in India often involve intricate regulatory frameworks and procedural challenges. What approach do you prefer while navigating these matters effectively?
Property disputes in India demand patience, detail-oriented analysis, and a deep grasp of statutory provisions. My approach begins with meticulous scrutiny of title documents, revenue records, and mutation entries. Given the overlapping jurisdictions of civil courts, revenue authorities, and tribunals, I place emphasis on identifying the proper forum and ensuring procedural compliance at every step. I also rely heavily on precedents, since land-related judgments often clarify ambiguities. At the same time, I encourage alternative solutions such as mediation to avoid protracted litigation, especially in family or co-ownership matters. Ultimately, a combination of technical accuracy, strategic drafting, and practical problem-solving enables effective navigation of these complex disputes.
In the early stages of your career, what pivotal experiences helped deepen your understanding of the law, and how did they shape your professional approach?
The early years of my career were spent in extensive court exposure—observing proceedings, drafting pleadings, and assisting senior counsels. One pivotal experience was handling procedural objections in trial courts, which taught me the importance of detail and timing. Another formative experience was preparing special leave petitions for the Supreme Court, which deepened my appreciation for precision in framing legal questions. These experiences instilled in me the discipline of thorough preparation and respect for judicial time. They also helped me understand that every matter, irrespective of its size, deserves equal attention, since even minor details can alter the outcome. These lessons continue to guide my professional approach.
Having appeared before the Supreme Court, High Courts, subordinate courts, tribunals, and other forums, how does your preparation and strategy differ when handling matters at various levels of the judicial system? Additionally, what has been one of the most challenging cases for you and how did you navigate it?
Preparation varies significantly with the forum. In trial courts, strategy revolves around evidence, cross-examination, and building the factual record. High Court matters often focus on questions of law and precedents, while Supreme Court practice demands brevity, clarity, and framing of constitutional or substantial legal issues. One of the most challenging cases I handled involved a service matter concerning a disabled ex-serviceman’s appointment, which was delayed due to procedural hurdles. It required not only persistence before multiple forums but also empathy towards the litigant’s hardship. The case reinforced the importance of resilience, drafting precision, and relentless follow-up to achieve justice.
When managing sensitive cases such as matrimonial disputes or criminal matters, how do you balance legal precision with empathy, and what preparation goes into handling emotionally charged situations?
In sensitive cases, the lawyer’s role extends beyond legal arguments to offering emotional stability to clients. I approach these matters with active listening, ensuring that clients feel heard and supported while keeping the focus on the legal remedies available. Preparation involves anticipating emotional outbursts, safeguarding the dignity of parties, and ensuring that sensitive facts are presented with discretion. Empathy helps in building trust, while legal precision ensures that arguments remain credible before the court. This balance is essential because, in emotionally charged cases, the outcome is not only measured in legal terms but also in the client’s ability to move forward with dignity.
Over the past 19 years, what significant changes have you observed in the legal profession, particularly with the advent of technology, and how have you adapted your practice to remain effective?
The legal profession has undergone a remarkable transformation with the adoption of technology. E-filing, virtual hearings, digital research databases, and AI-driven tools have revolutionized how lawyers work. Earlier, access to judgments and precedents was time-consuming, but today, technology has made research more efficient and comprehensive. I have embraced these changes by adopting digital platforms, managing case files electronically, and using technology to enhance client communication. While traditional courtroom skills remain indispensable, technology has improved accessibility and speed. The key is to blend the discipline of classical legal practice with modern digital efficiency to remain relevant and Effective.
What advice would you offer to young lawyers aspiring to build a versatile and enduring career in litigation and dispute resolution? Which skills, habits, or resources should they start cultivating from the earliest stages of their journey?
To young lawyers, I would emphasise patience and persistence as the cornerstones of a litigation career. In the early stages, focus should be on building drafting skills, observing court proceedings, and learning procedural law in depth. Cultivate the habit of consistent legal research, as strong fundamentals in precedents and statutes build long-term confidence. Networking with peers, maintaining professional ethics, and respecting the bench are equally crucial. I also advise developing communication skills—both oral and written—as they are vital in every forum. Most importantly, never lose sight of empathy, because law is ultimately about people, and balancing technical knowledge with human understanding creates a truly enduring career.
After transitioning from the Kerala High Court to the Supreme Court of India, what differences have you observed in terms of legal strategy, advocacy, and the overall courtroom environment?
First of all, a big thumbs up to LawSikho and SuperLawyer for reaching out to young lawyers, interviewing them, and sharing their experiences with the wider legal community. It’s an encouraging initiative that inspires and guides many who are just starting out in the profession. I trust that this exchange of experiences among lawyers is carried out within the bounds of professional ethics, and serves to strengthen the legal fraternity.
Coming to the question, in terms of legal strategy and advocacy, I have not observed any significant difference from the High Court. The manner in which we draft a petition or present a case before the court is almost the same. These are the basics. They apply uniformly across all courts. The only difference I observed was the time available during the admission stage in the Supreme Court. You typically get only one to three minutes to argue the matter, and within that short span, you must convince the court that the case warrants admission and the issuance of notice to the parties. If you have a strong case on merits, are well-prepared, and present it with due respect to the court and the opposing side, the court will hear you regardless of your experience or age in the profession.
You’ve taken up several pro bono matters, including a notable case involving life-saving treatment for an infant. What drives your commitment to such causes, and how do you balance them alongside a demanding practice?
I won’t claim to have taken up several pro bono matters, but yes, I have handled a few because I believe it is not just the duty of a lawyer, but also a moral responsibility as a human being to help those in need, to the extent we can. One such case that I will always be proud of as a lawyer was about securing life-saving treatment for an infant. The child was only five months old. Her parents had already lost two daughters to a rare genetic disorder called Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Naturally, they were terrified that their third daughter might meet the same fate. Through the intervention of some social activists, they reached out to me. To save the child, they needed Rs.18 crores, an amount far beyond their reach. I filed a writ petition seeking financial assistance from the State, arguing that the right to life is a fundamental right under the Constitution, and it is the duty of the State to ensure that this right is not violated. Hon’ble Mr. Justice Nagaresh passed an interim order directing that the child be provided with complete free treatment, based on a statement made by Government Pleader Ms. Parvathy Kottol, who was handling the case at that time. The State extended full support to the family. What stood out to me in this experience was how, in such extreme situations, Judges and Government Pleaders are also willing to go beyond their regular roles to ensure justice is served.
With experience spanning Constitutional, Administrative, and Criminal Law, how do you tailor your approach to building cases in each of these distinct domains, and what strategies help you stay current across them?
At this point in time, I don’t believe it’s possible for me to plan and settle into a specific area of law. The areas of law one ends up working in often depend on the offices one has assisted, or the nature of the cases you get. Moreover, legal subjects often overlap, say, a criminal case may give rise to constitutional questions.
While I was a junior at Nagaraj Associates, I had the opportunity to assist in a wide range of matters across various fields. In my personal view, at this stage of practice, a lawyer should be open to working across all kinds of matters, be it civil, criminal, constitutional, arbitration, or any other area of law.
Your PIL led to significant changes in Telegram’s content moderation policies. Could you share about it?
No, the platform did not change any policy on its own. The PIL was filed specifically to curb child pornography on this particular platform. When the court issued notice to the State Government, the State supported the Petitioner and even stated that the platform was a “safe haven for criminals.” Later on, the Central Government issued the new IT Rules, which included the appointment of a Nodal Officer for all digital platforms to address such complaints. The court then relegated the Petitioner to approach the Nodal Officer under these rules. As per my understanding, the platform no longer retains such objectionable content. It is now being removed immediately upon detection or complaint.
Having handled a wide range of cases across different legal domains, could you share one of the most complex or challenging cases you’ve worked on and how you navigated its intricacies?
One case that stands out was that of a minor boy who aspired to study at Jawahar Navodaya School. His admission was rejected on the ground that he had not studied in a rural area, as required by the rules. We challenged these rules. In the second round of litigation, after the Single Bench dismissed the case, I filed a writ appeal. At that time, I had just two years of experience in the profession. I studied the case to the best of my ability and appeared before the Division Bench led by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Jayasankaran Nambiar. However, during the admission hearing, the questions posed by the Bench made me feel as though I didn’t even know the basics despite all the time and effort I had invested in preparation. The court granted me one more week to prepare. When I returned the following week, I argued the matter with all the relevant case laws. Yet, each argument was carefully questioned and, one after the other, rejected by the court. Despite that, when the final judgment was delivered, the court directed the school to grant admission to the student, with a specific note that the relief granted would not be treated as a precedent. What made the experience unforgettable was that the Hon’ble Judges recorded in the judgment how I had presented the arguments in court. After pronouncing the judgment, they smiled at me and said, “We are granting this relief only because of your hard work on this case.” That moment was a huge relief, not just for the child, but also for me as a young lawyer. It gave me immense confidence to continue in the profession.
In one of your cases, the court emphasized that a guilty plea should not automatically result in a lenient sentence. How do you perceive the judiciary’s evolving stance on sentencing and plea bargaining in the Indian legal system?
There is a growing trend where, when charges are framed and read over to the accused, they admit guilt on the spot, believing that the matter will end with the payment of a small fine. In one such case, the Petitioner had suffered a head injury from an attack, yet the accused was let off with just a petty fine. This was challenged, and the court took serious note of the same, issuing a strong warning to the trial court against exonerating accused persons in serious cases merely on payment of fines. While plea bargaining is an accepted legal practice, in my personal opinion, it should not become a means for the accused to escape the real punishment prescribed by law for serious offences.
As someone who has independently argued cases before the Supreme Court and contributed to reported judgments, what guidance would you offer to young lawyers aiming to build a strong practice?
As anyone would say, hard work and stepping out of your comfort zone are the only ways to grow. In my case, I decided to move to Delhi after five years of practice at the High Court even though I had a handful of cases there. Some well-wishers asked me, “Why would you leave a steady practice to become a briefless lawyer in a new place?” Honestly, I wasn’t sure if my decision was right. Coming from Kerala, where we enjoy clean air, good food, water, and a clean environment, the shift was tough. I initially found accommodation in a very poor locality, and the weather, food, and overall conditions in Delhi weakened me both physically and mentally. At one point, I even questioned if I had made a mistake. But within two months, I started receiving briefs in the Supreme Court from senior colleagues at the High Court. That’s when I realised that the hard work I had put in back home was beginning to pay off in a new form. So yes, in my experience, hard work remains the only way to build a strong and lasting practice. One guiding principle I always carry with me is a piece of advice from my senior, Mr. Adv. Nagaraj Narayanan, once gave me: “Never ever suppress any facts from the court, even if they go against you.” That integrity is something I strive to uphold in every case I handle.
What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how has your vision for your legal practice evolved over the years? What are your aspirations going forward?
It was my father who first inspired me to pursue law as a profession. I remain ever grateful to him for his constant support. Today, my wife, Ipsita Ojal, who is also a lawyer, stands beside me, making her own sacrifices by joining me in Delhi to support my journey. Over the years, my vision for legal practice has matured from simply building a career to creating a meaningful and principled practice. I aspire to continue growing in this profession, staying true to the values that brought me here, and to keep practising with the same commitment and integrity that I began with.
I believe more young lawyers should actively come to the Supreme Court. It’s one of the most effective ways to make litigation at the apex court more accessible and affordable for litigants, especially those from underprivileged backgrounds. Until we have separate regional benches established across the country, the presence of committed and capable young lawyers at the Supreme Court in Delhi is essential to bridge the gap.
Balancing the demands of a legal career with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage this balance, and what are your preferred ways to unwind or recharge outside of work?
For me, the answer is simple. My family. Amid the pressures of legal practice, spending time with my loved ones helps me stay grounded and recharged. Their presence gives me both strength and perspective, and it’s through those quiet moments with family that I find balance.
How and why you decided to pursue law or make law your career. But along with that, when did you decide to get into civil and constitutional matters? What was your system and what kind of challenges did you face even before doing all this?
The most important thing is that law was never in my mind in my initial days of studies. I wanted to be a doctor. And yes, it is true that I am a second generation lawyer. So, my father remained a very noted criminal lawyer in Allahabad High Court. And then he got elevated to the bench. He remained a judge of Allahabad High Court. And after that he retired as a judge of Allahabad High Court. He became the law commission’s chairman, etc. And now he’s practicing as a senior advocate. So law was never intended. As it happens with many of us. So yes, but law is something, which I believe, which if I had not taken it as a career, then I would not have thrived this much. And I personally feel that law is the only thing which is meant for me. With the efflux of time, you always feel that you can do this, you can do that, but then I personally feel that law is the only one trait where you can achieve anything and everything. That’s one. Secondly, there is no monotony involved in this profession. Every day is a new day. And, every day is a new challenge. Every day is a new case. Every day you get to fight with your friends, your loved ones, your very close ones. And one more thing which is very important is that while we call it practice. It is something that nobody’s perfect. And, even my senior, Mr. SP Gupta used to say that we call it practice for the reasons that we practice it daily. And therefore, nobody’s perfect, even if you falter, if you fail, if you do not deliver properly, then there will be a new day, there will be another day, which is coming and you will succeed. So practice daily and practice with perseverance, practice with utmost devotion, you will succeed. I’m sure about it. So the second thing that you asked was the first hand experience of being a lawyer. So being a lawyer, I told you, this is the best trait one can enter. And for a new lawyer, it is important that in the initial days, he should invest maximum of his time in studies. Apart from preparing cases and preparing your briefs for the seniors and working with them. Doesn’t mean that everything has to be done by the senior. And one should not think that if I’m the last man sitting at the bench in the conference room, or maybe the last man standing in the courtroom along with the team, then my efforts will go unrecognized, nothing. If you’re working, you’re working hard, you will be recognized, your seniors, your immediate colleagues, and even judges. And there’s one more thing which I always remember of my beloved senior. He always used to tell me that when you enter the courtroom, do not try to impress the judge. Try to impress the seniors who are sitting in the courtroom. Because they will be the mouthpiece of yours. They will be talking about you in a thousand places. That this lawyer is doing good, this young lawyer has got good intent of law, etc. So, I personally feel, I develop my practice in this way only, that I never intend to impress upon a judge. My intent was to impress upon my colleagues. My senior advocates, my seniors, immediate seniors who are sitting in the courtroom and whenever I enter the courtroom, they always tell me that if he’s coming, he would be stating the correct facts. He would be placing everything with utmost clarity and without there being any form of deviation from the ethics and the principles which are norms set by our customary ethics and practices. So that’s important. One more thing which is very important, my senior always told me, a lawyer wins a case at his table and he loses the case at his table. It is not in the courtroom. The courtroom is meant for deliveries of your preparation. So to the young lawyers who are all joining the profession of law, it is important that they should try to invest more time on their table, whatever form of table they have, whatever form of chamber they have, big, small, whatever. If you invest your time on the case, preparing it and preparing it thoroughly. You’ll definitely win. You’ll definitely succeed.
Sir, we’ll continue with the aspect of your beloved senior, Mr. SP Gupta, former Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh, who has influenced your lawyering system. He provided you with a platform to grow and helped you shape your mindset on how to work. If you don’t mind, could you discuss some of the most important, challenging, or rewarding cases you handled under his mentorship, and the lessons you took away from those experiences?
See, when I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already at the pinnacle of everything. He was at the top of his field. So, when I joined him, I was extremely happy because it felt like a dream come true. I was joining someone whom I had read about in books. I believe the first case law I read during my law college days was Kesavananda Bharati and SP Gupta vs. Union of India. So, to join him, someone you’ve read about in books, was a much bigger thing for me.
When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he was already a top-notch lawyer. He had previously served as the Advocate General twice in Uttar Pradesh, and when I joined him, he had just completed his tenure as Advocate General. When I joined him and almost left his chamber, that was when he became Advocate General again. From Mr. SP Gupta, we learned everything. Whatever my practice is, wherever I stand today, it’s all because of my senior. He taught us everything, right from the basics.
One thing I always remember about him is that he was very fond of everything in life, but he invested maximum time in reading books, journals, and other things. When I joined Mr. SP Gupta, he asked me one question that I still remember. He asked, “Do you read novels?” I said, “Yes, sometimes, not regularly, but often.” He then asked, “When do you read them?” I replied, “Usually in the evenings, or just before going to bed.” He said, “I want to see what kind of novels you read.”
I thought my senior was interested in my taste in reading, so I gave him extra books—ones that were not even related to me or the genre I typically read. I thought I would show him that I had a wide range of books. The very next day, I was very curious, and I asked him about the books. He said, “They’re in the store.” I asked, “What do you mean by the store?” He replied, “Those books will remain in the store, and they will not be given back to you.” I was surprised and asked why.
He said, “Instead of reading novels or fiction, you should keep a legal journal, a law journal—whether it’s weekly or monthly—by your bedside. Before you go to bed, you should read it daily.” I asked, “What kind of judgments should I read?” He replied, “Beggars are not choosers. You’re a beggar, you don’t have anything in your pocket. So, collect everything with both your hands and leave nothing behind. Start from page one and read through to the last page of the journal. Read it like a novel. For you, everything—the fiction, the thriller, the romance—everything is in that law journal.”
He recommended keeping two journals and reading them daily. Even if I don’t intend to practice in a particular field, like tax or company law, I should read it. His point was that reading was for preparedness, not necessarily for immediate specialization. It helps in learning how judges write, how law evolves, and eventually, one day, you’ll get a case related to something you have read before.
I followed this advice for a significant portion of my career. Though nowadays I don’t do this as much, given the online updates from sources like Live Law, Bar and Bench, and others, I still believe it’s a valuable practice. I would always recommend young lawyers to follow this approach. It helps them understand how things work in the courts and gives them insight into the functioning of the judiciary.
Another lesson I received from my senior was about the analogy of a grocery store. He always said that a lawyer’s chamber is like a grocery store. There are two types of grocery stores. One carries only a limited selection, while the other is a bigger store with a variety of options. If a customer asks for a chocolate in the first store, the reply would be, “Yes, we have a chocolate, take it.” In the second store, when the customer asks, “Do you have a chocolate?” the reply would be, “We have five brands of chocolate, and each brand comes with ten different flavors. Which one do you want?”
He asked, “Who would you choose?” The point was clear: preparedness is key. When a client comes to you and asks for something, you should have it ready to offer. A lawyer’s chamber should be like a well-stocked grocery store where you can offer solutions immediately.
He also emphasized that a lawyer should always be prepared. When a client asks for something, they shouldn’t be told, “Let me check if I have that.” Instead, you should be able to say, “Yes, I have it.” Preparedness is what clients look for, and it’s what makes you stand out.
These lessons—hard work and preparedness—have stayed with me. Mr. SP Gupta always told me that specialization comes after years of practice, after you’ve invested ten or twenty years into your career. Before that, the key is to be well-prepared in every field. Whether it’s tax, criminal law, or constitutional law—be prepared for anything that comes your way.
You were with your senior for quite some time and you decided to start your own law firm at a very early stage of your career. How did that happen? And what actually were your plans, or rather, what are your plans for moving forward, and the things that you are seeing nowadays?
In the legal profession, so many things have changed drastically, especially after COVID hit us. The kind of practice that you may have seen earlier and the kind of practice we now have – where do you see the legal practice going? And how have you equipped yourself with the new practice that has come up, especially the online aspect? Sure! Here’s the rephrased version without changing the meaning of the text:
Let’s start with the online aspect. After the COVID pandemic, we’ve entered a new normal, which includes the way we interact now. This is the new normal, and we all need to be prepared for it. As I mentioned earlier, technology has greatly evolved. While I still subscribe to journals and continue to read them, we’ve also shifted to digital means of gathering all types of information.
With this shift, it’s crucial to be clear about one thing: if you don’t keep up with technological advancements, you’ll become obsolete. You must adapt to these changes. That’s one point. Secondly, with the development of AI, there are many challenges. People see it as a helpful assistant, but I believe constant supervision is necessary. One should never rely entirely on AI because, at the end of the day, it remains artificial, while original thought should remain original. That being said, I strongly recommend that as technology changes, and as the ways and means of obtaining information evolve, you must stay in tune with these developments and remain aligned with them.
Regarding Mr. Gupta’s role in the development of my practice after I made the shift, I worked with him, interned with him, and then joined his chamber. I continued working with him until one day in 2012 when he was appointed as the Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh for the second time. It was his decision, not mine, because when you refer to someone as a senior, you must trust their judgment entirely. It’s their decision when the time is right for you to start your independent practice.
So, when he received this prestigious appointment, he called me and asked to discuss something with me. I went to his chamber, and he said, “Shivam, I think it’s time for you to start your independent practice.” At that time, I wasn’t very sure, because when you’re working with a senior, you have a shield. But when you start independently, that shield is gone, and you are accountable for everything. You’re responsible for everything that happens in your chamber. This was one of the challenges I faced after leaving Mr. SP Gupta’s chamber because once you’re independent, every decision, every case, and every outcome falls on your shoulders.
There are good days, but there are also bad ones. In the beginning, it’s hard to know when you’ll land in a good spot or a bad spot. But, as I said, it was his decision, and he believed I could develop into a good lawyer over the next ten years. So, I started my practice independently. Of course, there were benefits, like getting referrals and support, but ultimately it’s your responsibility to maintain and grow your practice. You might get nominated and appointed as a lawyer for any big firm, corporation, or entity, but that company or entity won’t retain you if you don’t perform well.
My senior recognized my potential and encouraged me to focus on the civil side of law. At that time, my father, who was a judge at Allahabad High Court, had restricted me and my brother from practicing criminal law. He had issued a strict instruction that we should not be seen on the criminal side of the Allahabad High Court, which was split into two blocks: one for civil matters and one for criminal matters. His reasoning was that if we were seen in the criminal side, we wouldn’t be allowed to continue in the chamber.
So, one of the reasons my senior recommended that I start my independent practice, particularly on the civil side, was because of my father’s directive. He believed that if I could establish myself in civil law, I could eventually practice on the criminal side too, though I’m not undermining the criminal side. Having experience in civil law gives you a better understanding of how things work, which can be helpful when dealing with criminal matters. I tried my hand at criminal law as well, but my main area of expertise has always been civil law, and I enjoy practicing in this area.
That’s how it happened. My senior’s recommendation was crucial in guiding my decision. As for the development of a law firm, my senior had once suggested that I move to Delhi to start practicing in the Supreme Court while my brother would continue in Allahabad. But this plan didn’t work out. My brother chose to move to the Supreme Court, and I stayed in Allahabad, but we decided to start a small law firm. My brother took charge of that, and the firm has been growing ever since.
Developing a law firm or a chamber is all connected to your practice. It’s about conceiving ideas and adapting to the evolving landscape. But I would say that having an independently established practice can sometimes be more rewarding than having a law firm. The growth of your practice depends on how you nurture it, and a solo practice can often be more fulfilling than being part of a larger law firm.
You’ve dealt with a versatile range of cases, which is not easy for anyone. You’ve ventured into many different, complex matters. How have you navigated through all of this, especially keeping in mind that you not only have to understand these cases but also help your clients understand what you’re doing? There must be some impactful cases that have shaped your career and changed your approach. Could you share a couple of such impactful cases?
As I mentioned earlier, when I started my practice independently, I was appointed by one of the most prestigious corporations in the state, the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA). At that time, I was appointed as the standing counsel for NOIDA. In addition to NOIDA, I was also appointed for the Ghaziabad Development Authority, UP Power Corporation, and Kanpur Development Authority, along with several other corporations. However, NOIDA was the one corporation that was facing the highest number of litigations. If you recall, there was a significant full bench decision in the case of Gajraj Singh, which I was part of—not as the standing counsel for NOIDA, but as a respondent represented by my senior, where I was assisting him.
The Gajraj decision had a significant impact in the Allahabad High Court and essentially changed land acquisition litigation there. It was the biggest decision, and over 1000 cases were decided in that batch of petitions. As a standing counsel, the benefit you get is the variety of cases you handle, and you must manage and address everything yourself. As my senior always told me, if you work hard and focus on your table, you will succeed in every matter. I took this advice to heart and kept it simple. I always advise my juniors and colleagues that when you start something new in your career or practice, you should start from scratch.
Starting from scratch means buying a bare act, reading it, and understanding the content. From the bare act, you will get at least a basic idea of what you are working with. The next step is understanding the client’s case, followed by thorough research. I followed the same approach without any shortcuts to navigating complex issues—there’s no magic rule, just basics and whatever has been taught to you before. Additionally, I’ve worked on significant cases, including land acquisition cases and election petitions, representing top politicians in the state.
One case that stands out for me involved caste certificates being issued from outside the state to employees of NOIDA who had been working for 10, 15, or even 20 years. With changes in the corporation’s hierarchy, these certificates were questioned, and it was decided that these certificates, issued against the Supreme Court’s full bench decision (in the caste census case), would not be valid. NOIDA decided to terminate the services of 10 to 20 employees based on this issue. This matter went before a single judge at Allahabad High Court, with Honorable Mr. Justice AP Shahi presiding.
When I first appeared before the court, I believed the case was straightforward due to the Supreme Court’s ruling, but the Hon’ble judge was very cautious. He noted how harsh it seemed to question the caste certificates of employees who had worked for 15 years. I explained that it was an issue of legality, and the actions taken were correct. However, the court asked me to assist in finding a fair solution. After researching, I found that there was only one judgment related to the issue, given by the Goa bench of the Bombay High Court. The court ultimately used this judgment to rule against NOIDA, saying the caste certificate issue didn’t apply here, as the employees had valid connections to Uttar Pradesh.
Although I lost the case, the judgment had a significant impact on my career. The court appreciated my fairness, human approach, and my role as an officer of the court. The judgment, which was 14 to 16 pages long, devoted 8 to 9 pages to my arguments, which was a great acknowledgment. Even though I didn’t win, I believe I worked harder than anyone else, and I felt I had supported the cause of justice. As a lawyer, representing a respondent doesn’t always mean you should aim to dismiss the petition; instead, you should focus on achieving justice in whatever form it comes.
Another significant case I worked on involved an election petition. It was my first time being involved in such a matter, and it was an eye-opener about how civil trials and election petitions function. Unlike writ petitions, election petitions require careful consideration of the client’s version, defense, evidence, and procedural details. This case helped me understand the intricacies of civil law and the trial process, especially how evidence is presented and applied. This experience was incredibly important for my career.
Moreover, land acquisition cases have been a major part of my practice, especially due to my work with corporations. I became quite proficient in land acquisition law, especially with the advent of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement Act, 2013. I was one of the first lawyers to argue the applicability of section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, which had been widely debated. My argument was that the use of “and” or “or” in this context should be understood properly. This argument was later accepted by the Supreme Court of India in the Indore Development Authority’s case. I consider this one of my key contributions to land acquisition law.
In summary, I’ve had extensive experience with land acquisition cases, election petitions, and several other types of civil matters, each leaving a significant impact on my career. And as I always tell my juniors, if you want to become an expert, start with the basics and work your way up from the bare act.
Does this sense of social responsibility extend to your pro bono work? You also serve as a counsel for the High Court Legal Services Authority. How important do you think legal aid is in ensuring justice is accessible, particularly for those who can’t afford legal representation? In today’s world, balancing such a demanding legal practice with pro bono work must be challenging. How do you manage both? The idea of pro bono work has always stayed with me, and I consider it something of an inheritance. My father also practiced pro bono work, and it was something we always did as part of our routine. If someone couldn’t afford our fees, we would still offer help without charge. I became associated with the High Court Legal Services Authority because a close friend of mine recommended it. He pointed out that while the District Legal Services Authority often doesn’t attract top-tier lawyers, the High Court and Supreme Court Legal Services Authorities have much better opportunities for those willing to help.
I’ve always believed that if you’re already doing a lot of pro bono work, there’s no need for anything extra. You’re already in your chamber daily, going to court, doing your job — it’s all part of your practice. Pro bono work provides internal satisfaction, knowing you’re contributing to society.
Additionally, I noticed that the panels of lawyers in pro bono cases often didn’t include top lawyers with good practices, so I thought I should break that barrier and get involved. I wanted others to see that a well-established lawyer could also participate and provide quality assistance. I’m glad that I took this step, as the High Court Legal Services Authority gives me a lot of cases — including jail appeals, writ petitions, and others — where my involvement is needed. When you do this work, it always feels good, and for me, if you’re a lawyer earning well, a portion of your practice should be dedicated to pro bono work.
You don’t necessarily need to be part of the High Court or Supreme Court Legal Services Authority to do pro bono work; any legal services panel or even independent work can be done on your own. I’ve always done this. If someone approaches me and tells me they can’t afford my fee, I’m happy to offer free assistance. It doesn’t matter to me because, as my father always used to say, “You’re not taking anything from them. You’re doing your work, and if you help others, perhaps God will remember you and bring more clients your way.”
This is something that happened to me once. A client I helped for free, who couldn’t pay my fees, later sent me ten cases with significant fee margins. You never know who you might help, and sometimes it comes back to you in ways you wouldn’t expect. Helping others in pro bono work doesn’t need special arrangements or recognition — it’s not something you need to broadcast. It’s a personal commitment, something you do for the right reasons, and it should be kept to yourself. That’s how I’ve always approached it.
You’ve also built a dedicated team of associates. What do you look for when selecting these associates, and how do you ensure that the culture of your firm remains intact while nurturing young legal professionals?
Personally, I believe that everything I’ve received from my senior, I should pass on to the younger generation. That’s one of my core beliefs. I interact with them and maintain a friendly relationship, but I also follow certain principles in my chamber. One such principle is that I don’t save their phone numbers unless they truly earn it. I tell every junior that you need to do so much that I should feel compelled to call you, to search for your number and reach out to you. This approach works well with the young lawyers who join my chamber. They all want to be on their senior’s “fast dial” list.
I also look for young lawyers who have the right passion and drive. I don’t ask about their law degrees or grades in exams. That’s not what matters to me. I conduct a simple interview, and if I sense genuine passion for the profession, they are with me. If you’re not pursuing the profession with the passion it requires, then you’re not with me. I’m a tough taskmaster, and I do scold my juniors when needed. They’re sometimes afraid of me because they know if they make a mistake, I will be very strict with them. But despite this, I remain friendly and approachable.
When I sit with my juniors, I do so with the clear intent of sharing everything I’ve learned, everything I’ve earned from my seniors. One thing I always try to instill in them is the importance of understanding concepts. I discourage rattofying. Even when reading books, statutes, or judgments, especially the CPC or the CRPC, I stress understanding the concepts behind them. I use the example of the CPC to explain that it’s organized in a particular manner, and you need to understand that structure. For instance, if someone were to ask where the written statement comes in the order of the CPC, and they said it was order one, I would expect them to immediately correct it, as it doesn’t belong there.
I encourage them to think conceptually, as I believe that if your concepts are clear, you will be able to understand everything. There’s no need to memorize everything in detail, especially since the bar exam is now an open-book exam, which is the right approach. You should know where to find the information, and that comes from having clear concepts.
I believe I have a great team of about 10 associates, five of whom are highly effective and work closely with me. I provide them with a lot of work and insights into how things should be done, and I think they’re doing well. I’m always available for my juniors, even if they’re not in my chamber. If you come across me and have a question or need help, I’m always ready to offer suggestions and any assistance they need.
The way you approach the mentoring process, it’s clear that your juniors not only learn from you professionally, but also grow personally. Speaking of personal growth, I’d like to touch on something increasingly important — mental health. Given the immense pressures of the legal profession, how do you maintain your mental well-being, and how do you ensure that your team is also taking care of their mental health?
As I mentioned earlier, I always try to maintain a friendly relationship with my team. I approach them like an elder brother and strive to remain insightful and supportive. While professional matters are important, I also believe in fostering personal connections whenever possible. When there’s time or space, I enjoy taking them out to restaurants or other places to help them relax and bond in a more friendly, informal setting. It’s important for them to feel good and maintain a positive state of mind.
Additionally, there’s a principle that my senior taught me, and I’ve followed it throughout my career. My senior never worked on Fridays, and I’ve adopted the same tradition. For the past 16 years, I haven’t worked on Fridays, with only a few exceptions, which I try to avoid. I prefer to handle most of my work on Saturdays, from morning to evening, so that my evenings are free to spend quality time with my family—my kids and my wife. This practice also helps clear my mind because, without time for yourself, constant work can negatively affect your mental well-being.
As you rightly pointed out, the post-COVID era has introduced many new challenges, and it’s crucial to prioritize your health. For any junior, if you’re not feeling well—whether physically or mentally—it’s important to speak up. In our profession, especially as a lawyer, you must be vocal. If you’re not able to speak up for yourself, how can you speak for your clients? If your senior isn’t interacting with you or isn’t providing the support you need, don’t hesitate to formally express it. It’s important to be open about your concerns.
Similarly, if your senior is friendly and approachable, always make sure to communicate your feelings. For your own mental health, whenever you’re finishing up for the day and leaving your chamber, avoid talking about work or courtroom gossip. Instead, focus on conversations that bring you joy and positivity—anything that lifts your spirits. This helps maintain a healthy balance.
It’s a difficult profession, and without proper mental health care, it becomes even harder to thrive.
Thank you, sir, for sharing these insights so openly. It’s not easy to talk about mental health, as many often dismiss it. But you’ve been very transparent about it. Yes, it’s crucial. I personally believe that 80 percent of lawyers in this country are under immense pressure. The workload can be overwhelming and mentally taxing, more so than other professions. It creates a lot of stress and trauma, and it’s not easy to handle. You need to be quick, clear, agile, and constantly prepared. This profession demands a lot from you.
If your mental health is compromised, it becomes very difficult to survive. Mental health encompasses physical health, emotional well-being, and happiness. If you’re thriving but are constantly unhappy, there’s no point in simply doing well if you’re not at peace. Even seniors should emphasize the importance of mental health. I always encourage my juniors to share any issues they may be facing. I ask them, “What’s going on? Why don’t you seem okay today?” It’s important to check in with each other.
With almost two decades of experience in law, what inspired you to pursue this profession, especially considering your background in an agricultural family? Could you share your law school experience and how it shaped your path in the legal field?
My journey into law was driven by a combination of personal ambition, resilience, and the unwavering support of my family. Coming from an agricultural background, legal studies were not a conventional path in my family. However, after facing setbacks in my early academic pursuits—particularly in my 12th-grade science exams—I took it upon myself to carve a new path. The decision to study law was not one of convenience but of deep-seated aspiration, coupled with an innate sense of justice and advocacy.
Being the first in my family to enter the legal profession required me to step out of my comfort zone. I left my rural hometown and moved to Bengaluru, where I pursued my law degree at Al-Ameen College of Law. My time at law school was transformative; it provided not only theoretical legal knowledge but also practical exposure that helped me understand the intricacies of the judicial system. Through academic rigor, moot courts, legal aid camps, and interactions with seasoned advocates, I developed a strong foundation in jurisprudence, constitutional principles, and litigation strategies.
More importantly, law school instilled in me a sense of discipline and perseverance—qualities that have been instrumental in shaping my career. The experience taught me that law is not merely about statutes and case law but about understanding human rights, justice, and the profound impact that legal decisions have on society. This realization further fueled my passion for the profession and set me on a path of continuous learning and advocacy.
How did your early years in practice shape your approach to law? Having worked in esteemed roles, such as with ARK Usmani & Associates, KN Subba Reddy & Vivek Subba Reddy Associates, and the Government of Karnataka, how did each position contribute to the development of your legal expertise?
The early years of my legal career were instrumental in shaping my approach to law. I firmly believe that the foundation of a successful legal practitioner lies in practical experience, mentorship, and an unwavering commitment to learning.
I began my legal journey at an early stage, immersing myself in internships, drafting, pleadings, and court procedures. Under the guidance of seasoned advocates at ARK Usmani & Associates, I learned the fundamentals of litigation, client counseling, and legal documentation. This experience provided me with firsthand exposure to the nuances of civil and criminal law, including how to build strong legal arguments and navigate complex case laws.
Working with KN Subba Reddy & Vivek Subba Reddy Associates further honed my litigation skills, particularly in high-stakes matters. Here, I developed a deeper understanding of procedural laws, cross-examinations, and trial advocacy, all of which proved invaluable in my subsequent roles.
My tenure with the Government of Karnataka marked a significant transition, as I shifted from private practice to public law. This role allowed me to understand the workings of the government, its legal framework, and the intersection between public policy and the judiciary. Engaging in government litigation, regulatory compliance, and policy interpretation broadened my perspective and helped me refine my expertise in constitutional and administrative law.
Each position I held played a crucial role in shaping my professional identity. They collectively reinforced my commitment to justice, legal precision, and ethical advocacy, ultimately guiding me toward a distinguished career in public service and independent practice.
With your experience across areas like Constitutional Law, Civil Law, Criminal Law, Corporate & Banking Law, and more, what was your experience like working as the Central Government Counsel at the High Court of Karnataka from 2015 to 2019? Could you share some key lessons or challenges faced during that period?
Serving as Central Government Counsel at the High Court of Karnataka from 2015 to 2019 was one of the most intellectually stimulating and professionally enriching phases of my career. Representing the Union of India (UOI) in complex legal matters required an in-depth understanding of constitutional provisions, statutory interpretations, and public policy frameworks.
One of the most significant aspects of this role was understanding and advocating for the government’s standpoint behind legislative actions and administrative decisions. Government litigation is unique because it does not only involve individual disputes but often concerns matters of public interest, governance, and national policy implementation. This role deepened my understanding of quasi-federalism, the intricate relationship between the Union and State governments, and the legal disputes that arise between them.
Key lessons from this period include:
1. Strategic Litigation & Policy Advocacy – Representing the government requires not just legal knowledge but also strategic thinking. I had to ensure that legal arguments aligned with the broader policy framework of the Central Government.
2. Balancing Judicial Review & Governmental Authority – A major challenge in government litigation is navigating cases where government policies are challenged under judicial review. Balancing the principles of legislative intent, constitutional validity, and public welfare was a crucial aspect of my role.
3. High-Stakes Litigation – Many cases I handled involved issues of constitutional interpretation, statutory challenges, and administrative law disputes. These matters required meticulous research and well-articulated legal submissions.
Overall, my tenure as Central Government Counsel provided me with a macro-level perspective on governance, public administration, and the critical role of legal professionals in shaping public policy through judicial processes.
As the Additional Advocate General for the Government of Karnataka, you’ve likely handled diverse cases. Which case has been the most rewarding for you in this role, and what strategies did you employ to manage such a complex matter?
Every case assigned to me by the Advocate General of Karnataka has carried its own significance and set of challenges. As Additional Advocate General, I have had the privilege of handling cases that impact public policy, constitutional interpretation, and fundamental rights.
One of the most rewarding aspects of this role has been the opportunity to argue cases that directly influence governance and legislative frameworks. Whether it involves challenges to state policies, high-value litigation, or cases concerning the rights of citizens, each matter requires a strategic, well-researched, and legally sound approach.
My strategy in managing complex cases is based on the following principles:
1. In-Depth Legal Research – Every case demands an exhaustive understanding of relevant precedents, legislative intent, and judicial interpretations. Research forms the foundation of any successful litigation.
2. Calm & Composed Advocacy – Courtroom advocacy requires not just legal acumen but also the ability to present arguments persuasively, counter opposing counsel effectively, and maintain composure under intense judicial scrutiny.
3. Team Collaboration & Case Management – Handling government litigation requires a coordinated approach. I work closely with government departments, legal teams, and policy advisors to ensure comprehensive representation.
4. Strict Adherence to Legal Ethics – As a legal representative of the government, I uphold the highest ethical standards, ensuring that justice is served while safeguarding the interests of the state.
In summary, each case I handle is a learning experience, a test of legal acumen, and an opportunity to contribute to the legal system in a meaningful way.
Final Words
Law is not just a profession—it is a responsibility, a commitment to justice, and a continuous journey of learning. Throughout my career, I have learned that perseverance, dedication, and ethical advocacy are the hallmarks of a successful lawyer.
For aspiring legal professionals, I always emphasize: “Master your craft, stay updated with evolving jurisprudence, and above all, uphold the integrity of the legal profession.”
I Would like to thank my colleague Advocate Mohammed Nawaz Shariff, for his valuable assistance rendered in completion of the interview.
Hello, and welcome to yet another episode of SuperLawyer YouTube channel. Today, we have with us esteemed advocate, Jose Abraham, who is Advocate on Record as well. And we are excited to hear his journey, who has authored five books alongside his booming practice and the kind of the connections he has built and the way he represents his clients. Thank you so much for joining us here. Hope you’ll enjoy the interview. Sir, let’s start with the very, very first question and an interesting one I would say that we want to hear your story from your school days till now, the kind of learnings, the kind of pivotal moments that you have gone through in the making of the Advocate on record and the author of five books, Jose Abraham, sir please.
First of all, Namaskaram to all the viewers of SuperLawyer, and I would like to sincerely thank SuperLawyer for giving me this wonderful opportunity to interact with all of you. The first question is about my journey, from my school days to today.
I am originally from a remote village in Kerala called Madampam, which is in the Kannur district. It’s a very remote area, and I attended a government school, which was a Malayalam-medium school. The reason I am mentioning this is because, nowadays, people might assume that one needs to come from an elite background or have a convent school education to succeed. So, I want to be honest and share my true background, as it might resonate with some of you and be of help.
Coming from a remote area and attending a regular school, I am also a first-generation lawyer. During my school years, I developed an interest in reading books and newspapers, which made me aware of the significant role played by the judiciary and the legal profession. This became my motivation, and by the time I was in the 9th and 10th standards, my aim was very clear: I wanted to enter the legal profession.
For my 11th and 12th grades, I chose humanities, and later pursued my law degree from Government Law College, Kozhikode, which is also in the northern part of Kerala. During my final years of law school, I considered preparing for the civil services. With that ambition, I moved to Delhi.
However, after a month of civil services coaching, I had a realization. I felt that if a lawyer has the potential to be a civil servant, then a lawyer can contribute even more effectively than a civil servant. This realization came to me very quickly, and I decided to focus on my legal career.
I began practicing at the Supreme Court, but I didn’t limit myself to just the Supreme Court. The office I joined handled cases from trial courts, high courts, and various tribunals in Delhi, which is a hub of legal opportunities. I took on cases in all these forums and even handled small matters, such as paying fines for traffic challans. These are cases where a lawyer might not even be necessary, but that’s how I started my journey.
Wow, sir! You knew your passion from childhood. It’s rare to meet someone who decides at such a young age what they want to become and actually achieves it. You’ve been an Advocate-On-Record for over 16 years now. How has the legal landscape in India evolved during this time, and what new challenges have you or your colleagues faced? With the rapid advancements in technology and the constant introduction of new laws, we’d love to hear your thoughts on these changes and how they have impacted the legal profession.
I would like to divide these 16 years of my practice into two periods: pre-COVID and post-COVID, because COVID has changed everything, including our legal profession. Yes, pre-COVID, there were challenges at that time as well. But after COVID, the whole system has changed. Of course, challenges remain, but I prefer to look at it from a positive perspective. New doors have opened for the legal fraternity.
Now, a lawyer sitting in a remote place like Rajasthan can attend matters in the trial court, the High Court, and even the Supreme Court, all thanks to COVID and advancements in technology. Nowadays, lawyers can manage multiple cases simultaneously, sitting in their chambers with several devices in front of them. That’s one of the greatest advantages COVID and technology have brought to us. It’s one of the most positive changes I’d like to highlight.
I also recognize that many law students or newly practicing lawyers might be listening. Virtual streaming is now available, and all courts are on YouTube or other specific platforms. I would like to request all young lawyers and law students: whenever you have time, please watch court proceedings. You can learn a lot by simply observing how things work.
During my initial days, we would go to court just to see how senior lawyers like Nariman Sir, Arjun Sir, and other legal luminaries addressed the court, persuaded judges, and secured favorable orders. Back then, to witness these events, we had to be present in the Supreme Court, and it was rare to see them in High Courts. Today, however, everyone can watch how the Supreme Court’s constitutional bench handles matters. You can see the top lawyers arguing various cases.
COVID has, in fact, given us many opportunities along with advancements in technology. There are numerous platforms now. For instance, SuperLawyer, which I believe is a more recent creation, is a result of technology. We are getting more opportunities, more platforms where we can interact and gain a wealth of knowledge. That’s what the present era offers us.
Sir, beautifully said. The SuperLawyer YouTube channel is a relatively recent addition, but SuperLawyer written interviews have been conducted for over a decade now. This has actually helped us transition to more video interviews, as people often feel more comfortable speaking on camera rather than writing their responses. So, it has been beneficial for us as well.
With that in mind, sir, I would first like to ask: how do you find the time to write such amazing books? One book, in particular, I’d like to discuss is Indians and Immigration Laws: Concerns and Remedies, which addresses the critical issue of migration in Indian society and explores the legal framework surrounding it. Could you elaborate on your thought process while writing this book and perhaps share some insights into the cases you’ve encountered related to Indian migration laws?
Yes, as a first-generation lawyer, to establish a successful practice, we need to do multiple things. One of these things is writing books, as it gives the impression that we may be an authority on a particular subject. That’s why many choose to author books. This helps us gain recognition within the legal fraternity.
I would advise participants and viewers to start writing whenever possible. You can begin by publishing articles in newspapers or journals—there are many available now. Take advantage of these opportunities as they can give you an edge and increase your visibility. Writing, especially authoring books, is one of the best ways to present yourself to your fraternity and potential clientele. It is essential for establishing a solid practice.
The first book I authored is on immigration. Immigration law may be a well-developed area in most developed countries, but in India, unfortunately, it is still underdeveloped. Very few lawyers focus on this area. I realized that this was an untapped field, so I decided to concentrate on it and write a book about it.
A large number of Indians migrate to foreign countries for jobs or studies, and this is covered under the Indian Immigration Act of 1983. There are laws and systems in place governing immigration, but the common person may not be aware of how the entire process works. I authored this book as a way to educate and empower ordinary people migrating abroad, particularly migrant laborers and domestic workers heading to the Middle East. Many of them face exploitation on multiple levels, such as fraudulent recruitment agencies, high fees, human trafficking, and bonded labor.
I wrote this book to help NGOs and society as a whole, particularly those working in the field of migration. It also addresses the broader issues surrounding the migration process. Many cases are now emerging in courts related to recruitment fraud and other issues. When something happens to an Indian citizen abroad, it is often the responsibility of the Indian Embassy to intervene and provide legal support. The high courts can also entertain petitions regarding the kind of legal assistance Indian missions and embassies are supposed to provide if they fail to do so.
What a beautiful area and as you rightly said that there are very few who are practicing this particular immigration laws in India. Outside India, especially developed countries, they have developed their own immigration system, which is more prominent.
Sir, given all of this and your connection with NGOs and you being the global president of Pravasi Legal Cell, what inspired you to establish this particular NGO? And what unique legal issues do you actually encounter while dealing with the cases that are related to NRIs?
In 2009, I was fortunate to have the opportunity to establish an NGO, Pravasi Legal Cell, aimed at providing legal assistance. I came to Delhi in 2007 to start my practice, and despite India being one country, the vast differences in languages and cultures across states made my initial years challenging, particularly as I am from the southern part of India. These early struggles inspired me to create an NGO that would offer pro bono legal aid to migrants, who often face similar challenges.
That’s how Pravasi Legal Cell was founded. Initially, we focused on providing legal support to migrants in Delhi. At the time, a significant portion of these migrants were nurses from Kerala, who were subject to severe exploitation. There was a bond system in the nursing field that was prevalent between 2009 and 2011. Even though the Constitution abolishes bonded labor and specific legislation exists to prevent it, the bond system persisted in the nursing sector. Nurses, after completing their education and joining a hospital, were forced to sign a bond that required them to work for the hospital for three to five years. If they broke the bond, they had to pay a hefty compensation, sometimes as high as five to seven lakhs.
In 2009, I filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) on behalf of one of these nurses. The Honorable Delhi High Court ruled that such bonded labor practices were not permissible in the nursing profession. The court directed the Nursing Council to issue proper guidelines and circulars to address this issue. Later, we filed another PIL in the Supreme Court, which led to a national resolution of the matter.
This case was one of the first significant issues Pravasi Legal Cell tackled. Afterward, we gradually expanded our reach to other countries. We started with the Middle East and now have offices in almost all major countries in the Middle East, Europe, and the U.S. Pravasi Legal Cell has established chapters worldwide, and our primary objective is to provide legal aid to those in need and to advocate for policy changes related to immigration.
What an accomplishment, sir! It’s truly amazing to hear about the changes you’ve brought forward. The kind of discrimination that was prevalent and the way you’ve addressed it is remarkable. I sincerely hope we have more dedicated individuals like you in this field, and that many more will follow. These changes are not only necessary but crucial for ensuring that India becomes one of the best countries on the global stage, both for work and immigration. This is something we constantly face, and addressing it is vital.
Sir, considering you’re also an avid writer, how do you view the intersection of education and law, particularly the teaching aspect? As the Chairman of Paideia Institute in Delhi, how do you feel legal education in India has improved? Is it paving the way for a better future, and how are we working to make it even more competitive on an international level?
What are your thoughts on ensuring that our legal education system becomes even more globally compatible than it was before?
Yes, I have seen a lot of changes and improvements in the legal education system over the last decade, especially with the establishment of national law schools in multiple locations. This has significantly enhanced the quality of legal education in India. During my own law graduation, a systematic education was lacking. There were many law colleges that existed only on paper, and by spending some money, anyone could obtain a law degree. I had heard about many such instances at that time.
However, as you rightly pointed out, the system has changed. Now, we can see a more structured approach to legal studies. Students who approach us for internships today are highly qualified. The standard of legal education has improved dramatically, thanks to various authorities, including the Bar Council of India and the State Bar Councils. Additionally, multiple orders from the Supreme Court have helped streamline legal education. Now, like IITs and IIMs, law schools are also offering campus placements, and bright students can secure high-paying jobs straight out of college.
This is a very encouraging scenario. I am also heading an institute called Paidiea Institute, where we provide extensive training focused on capacity building, particularly in areas like POCSO, POSH, and RTI. RTI is one area where we have done a lot of work in spreading awareness about the Right to Information Act. In fact, we filed a PIL before the Supreme Court last year, which led to an order directing all High Courts and state governments to establish online RTI portals. Now, citizens can file RTI applications online, making the process more accessible.
Paidiea Institute aims to provide training and capacity building to empower ordinary citizens.
What has your experience been like while practicing in the Supreme Court, the High Court of Kerala, and other High Courts? What differences have you observed in the legal processes? And what are the challenges between these two levels of the judiciary? There seems to be a misconception among people who don’t fully understand the legal system. They often feel scared or think the case could have been resolved earlier, without moving to the Supreme Court. It’s difficult to explain to clients why a case had to escalate to the Supreme Court. How do you handle such questions, and how do you ensure your clients are satisfied with the solutions you find for them?
In our legal system, we have multiple jurisdictions. At the district level, we have trial courts, at the state level, we have High Courts, and at the top, we have the Supreme Court. The skill set required to practice in these courts can differ significantly. For example, the skills needed in a trial court are different from those required in a High Court, and at the Supreme Court, it’s even more refined.
In the Supreme Court, especially on an admission day, the court may hear around 80 to 90 petitions in just three to four hours. A lawyer only gets two or three minutes to present a case, and within that time, the court decides whether to admit the case. This requires a very specific skill set to handle such cases at the admission level.
However, in a High Court, especially in its original jurisdiction, the process is not as fast-paced, and there is more room to present the case. So, yes, different courts require different skill sets. You also mentioned clients who question why a case wasn’t resolved at the first level itself, or why it had to move to the appellate level.
As lawyers, we can only do our part, but for various reasons, justice may not be achieved at the first instance. That’s why we have a robust legal system with appellate jurisdictions. If there has been a misunderstanding or misapplication of the law, we can seek correction from a higher court. This is the beauty of our legal system.
Yes, different platforms may require different skill sets, but my personal opinion is that it’s crucial to gain experience at the trial court level. The trial is the heart and soul of litigation, the foundation. If a lawyer can gain trial court experience early in their career, they will have a better understanding of the legal system—how to draft a plaint, how to file a complaint, how to conduct examinations and cross-examinations.
This trial experience makes the transition to practicing in the High Court or even the Supreme Court much easier. I’ve seen some very talented colleagues in the Supreme Court, but because they lack trial experience, they sometimes feel a sense of incompleteness. On the other hand, a lawyer who has trial court experience often carries a higher level of confidence. That has been my experience.
There are many aspirants for the AOR exam, but they often don’t know the right approach to prepare or understand the importance of being an Advocate on Record. We would request you to share some of the key details about the kind of preparation one should do, the resources they can use, and the strategies you followed that helped you become an Advocate on Record at such an early stage in your career.
An Advocate on Record (AOR) is a designation given by the Supreme Court, allowing the advocate to file matters before the Supreme Court. This designation is an added advantage for getting cases in the Supreme Court. Yes, clearing the AOR examination requires significant preparation and effort. The passing percentage is around 10 to 15%, which shows that it requires thorough preparation to succeed.
Most of the questions or syllabus for the AOR examination are related to the practical aspects of drafting, practice, procedure, and leading cases. These can be mastered through at least one year of practice in the Supreme Court, which will equip you with the skills needed to draft Special Leave Petitions (SLPs), Article 32 petitions, and transfer petitions before the Supreme Court.
The key to passing the AOR exam is developing practical skills rather than relying solely on theoretical knowledge. Understanding leading cases is also crucial, as it equips you to draft well-supported petitions with settled laws or authoritative pronouncements of the Supreme Court.
Additionally, knowledge of practice and procedure will inform you on when to file or approach the Supreme Court and how it handles matters under Article 136, Article 32 petitions, or even original jurisdiction cases. The Supreme Court can sometimes entertain original suits directly. These are all practical aspects of litigation in the Supreme Court.
A year of sincere preparation will certainly help in clearing the AOR examination. The Supreme Court’s website provides access to previous question papers, materials, and the syllabus for the exam. There is a dedicated AOR section with a separate link where all this information can be accessed. I believe even interviews and other helpful resources may be available on other websites or in similar repositories of information.
Now, I would like to move on and talk about work-life balance, which is such an important topic nowadays, especially when it comes to mental and physical health. How do you balance all of this with the kind of busy schedule you have with your cases? Is it just about hobbies and interests outside of law, or how do you make sure to carve out time for your family as well? I believe that’s one of the most important things, and we’d love to hear your perspective on it. Additionally, I’d like to ask about your views on mental health, especially for lawyers, as we are definitely under a lot of pressure.
That’s a very interesting and relevant question. A balanced life is essential for any professional. Of course, all of us aim to be successful lawyers, but at the same time, we should also strive to be successful fathers, sons, and brothers. A balanced life enables success in all areas—personal, professional, and community life.
You see, there are many “super lawyers” with wonderful practices, but some struggle to maintain their family relationships because they can’t make time for their loved ones. There are also lawyers who, by the time they reach 40 or 45, may have impressive careers but are physically weak due to neglecting their health. So yes, Divyaji, your question is very important. We must learn to balance our personal, private, and professional lives. Only then can we truly achieve success. There’s no point in sacrificing one for the other.
Regarding mental health, it is indeed a growing concern, even for young children. The COVID pandemic gave us opportunities but also challenges, especially with technology. The increase in screen time has reduced personal interactions, whether with family or friends. While technology has its advantages, we must use it wisely to maintain a balanced and successful life. A content and happy life, in essence.
Beautifully said, sir. Yes, screen time has definitely increased, and there are many perspectives we need to keep in check as the world, and India, continues to evolve. As a successful advocate, what advice would you give to first-generation lawyers who are just starting their practice? What kind of challenges do you think independent litigators face, and how can young lawyers stay motivated? Because often, we have a tendency to give up too early. You didn’t give up and made a name for yourself. Could you share your insights on that?
Divyaji, it’s always a bit uncomfortable to talk about oneself. And I don’t claim to be a “successful” lawyer, but as a student of law and someone who has been in this profession for 17 years, I can offer a few observations.
To succeed in this noble profession, certain skill sets are essential, and those can be developed through a committed and dedicated lifestyle. If you are sincere in your profession, it will reward you. Don’t worry if you’re a first-generation lawyer or come from a humble background. These factors don’t matter. A lot of young lawyers come from families with judges or senior lawyers, which may help them in the initial stages, but even for them, this profession requires continuous dedication, hard work, and commitment.
This is a wonderful profession. Every day brings new challenges—new cases, new judges, new legal issues. The legal system is constantly evolving, so we must update ourselves regularly. Being a successful lawyer requires a unique set of skills, including excellent communication, both in drafting and oral arguments. It’s important to learn how to draft effectively and argue convincingly.
Maintaining a good relationship with your clients is another key skill. There will be a lot of pressures—financial, familial, and emotional—but you must be able to manage these while staying focused. This profession, which deals with human issues like family matters and disputes, not only shapes us into successful professionals but also helps us become better human beings. That’s one of the most fulfilling aspects of being a lawyer.
Thank you, Divyaji, for giving me this opportunity to share my thoughts. You’ve asked all the right questions in such a way that I felt comfortable sharing my experiences. Thanks again.
Thank you so much for your humility and for agreeing to join us, sir. On behalf of the SuperLawyer team, Namrata, and myself, we sincerely thank you. You’ve shared your story so beautifully, even though we often hesitate to talk about our personal lives and motivations. I believe that those watching this video will learn so much from you—how to better themselves in life and in this profession. Once again, thank you for your time.
Thank you very much, Divyaji, for giving me this opportunity. You are doing such important work by supporting young professionals. Please keep it up. You’ll always have my support, and best wishes to all the participants. Thanks again.
Hello and welcome, everyone! The SuperLawyer’s team is excited to bring you yet another insightful session today. If you are seeking inspiration through diversification and unwavering dedication, look no further—today’s guest embodies both.
We are honored to welcome Advocate Pinak Mitra, a respected figure in the legal community.
For those joining us today, let me briefly introduce our esteemed guest. Advocate Mitra is a distinguished lawyer at the High Court of Calcutta, serving as Counsel for the State of West Bengal. He is a distinguished Member of the International Council of Jurists and a National Board Member of the Indian Lawyers Association—yet this is just the beginning of his impressive journey.
With a dynamic practice spanning criminal law, constitutional law, consumer law, medico-legal issues, family law, and matrimonial disputes, Advocate Mitra’s legal expertise is truly vast. He continually upskills himself, delving into intellectual property law, and navigating the intricacies of economic offenses.
We are thrilled to have you with us today, sir. Thank you for graciously accepting our invitation and joining us to share your knowledge. Welcome, Advocate Mitra!
Thank you so much, Akash.
Sir, let’s begin with a topic that resonates with many young lawyers. Litigation, as we know, is a challenging path, and it can feel overwhelming, especially for those just starting out.
Given your remarkable achievements in this field, could you share with us how you navigated this journey and what drew you to pursue a career in litigation? We would love to hear about your experiences and the key insights that shaped your path
Actually, for me, law was never my first choice. I wanted to study medicine and become a doctor. Law was my second option. The reason I chose between medicine and law was that I wanted to be a professional and not have a job where I worked under an employer. I didn’t want to be just another employee. That’s precisely why medicine and law were my two options. After failing to crack the medical exams, I shifted my focus to law.
I managed to get into law, took the entrance exams—though without much preparation—and got into the Department of Law at the University of Calcutta for a five-year BA LLB course. Initially, it was very boring because we had several papers related to humanities, and I came from a science background. The first and second years were especially dull since we didn’t have semester exams at that time in Calcutta University. But once we started with the law subjects, things slowly became more interesting.
After graduating and joining court, I realized the stark contrast between what I had heard, seen on TV, and the reality. It’s very different from the common notion that lawyers are flashy people earning truckloads of money. The reality is that it’s a tough nut to crack, especially in the initial years, where you need a lot of resilience to sustain yourself.
I’ve seen many of my batchmates join court after graduating from law school, but within two or three years, their initial energy fizzles out. The struggle is real, especially when you see friends from other fields, like engineering or MBA, earning decent salaries, enjoying job security, buying cars, and investing. Meanwhile, someone who studied law and joined litigation finds it incredibly difficult, not just to sustain themselves, but even to ask family members for basic expenses to travel to court.
It’s quite embarrassing to ask for small amounts of money just to sustain yourself when you’re 24 or 25 years old and should ideally be independent. And when you see your friends with steady salaries, negativity can easily creep in. It’s challenging not to get depressed or bogged down by these realities and to just keep going. This is why some people, despite their potential, eventually give up or lose the patience to hang on after a few years. That’s the biggest challenge anyone entering litigation has to face.
Thank you, sir. Your insights are truly grounded in the practical realities that many face at the start of their careers. I believe the motivational mantra you shared at the beginning of this interview—to persist, remain resilient, and stay dedicated—will resonate deeply with everyone listening today.
Now, moving on to the next question: Your career has spanned the judicial hierarchy, from the trial courts to the High Court and eventually to the Supreme Court. Could you share with us your journey through these stages? Any memorable experiences, key moments, or valuable insights you’d like to pass on from your progression through these courts?
Yes, so I’ll tell you. During my five-year tenure in law school, I only did two internships. The first was as a judicial intern under a Supreme Court judge, and the second was in a trial court for three months. I didn’t have the chance to intern in the high court. There was a stark contrast between my experiences in the Supreme Court and the trial court.
I really enjoyed my time at the Supreme Court, watching the stalwarts of law argue, and I learned a great deal from them. On the other hand, when I returned to the trial court, especially in West Bengal, I found it very difficult to understand what was happening. What I was reading in my books didn’t seem to align with the reality of the trial court. There wasn’t much synchronization between the two. I’ve even heard judicial officers mention that each trial court seems to have its own separate procedures, which, as a law student, was quite shocking for me to hear and witness.
Now, that’s one side of the story. As far as the High Court and the Supreme Court go, particularly the Calcutta High Court, the standard there is exceptionally high and has been maintained over the years. Bengalis, as a community, are very academic in nature, which leads them to always engage in legal discussions and have a deep understanding of the nuances of law, both in letter and spirit.
In my opinion, if you’re practicing in the Calcutta High Court, dealing with complex legal issues or arguing a matter in the Supreme Court becomes relatively easier because of the high standards upheld here.
Now, coming back to the trial courts—without any offense, I have to say there are some brilliant trial court advocates in our state and across India. However, the problem is that their work often goes unrecognized because the judgments from trial courts are rarely reported. Even though they sometimes do a fantastic job, trial court lawyers don’t receive the recognition they deserve.
That’s another side of the story. The second aspect is that a law student or candidate must decide early on which area of practice they want to pursue. For example, if someone is interested in constitutional law, then the trial court is not an option, and they must focus on building their practice in the High Court or the Supreme Court.
On the other hand, if someone is passionate about trial court work, including examination and cross-examination, they should focus on trial courts or the original side of the High Court, where suits are filed and heard. So, it all depends on personal preference. One should first choose their area of practice and then make a decision accordingly. Also, gaining some internship experience in both trial courts and high courts is crucial to understand if they like the setup and environment because, ultimately, after graduation, they need to blend into that environment and become part of it.
In order to make an informed decision, it’s important to get a heads-up about these things beforehand. Otherwise, one might spend three or four years practicing in the High Court only to later realize they prefer trial court work. In such cases, they could end up losing two or three years of their practical life, even though they would have gained valuable experience.
That’s the problem. Experience-wise, they would certainly benefit, but in terms of establishing their own practice, they might lose those crucial years.
Sir, how was your experience when you first argued, represented, or took on a matter in the Supreme Court? Could you share what it was like transitioning from the state level to the Supreme Court?
During my internship at the Supreme Court, I had the unique opportunity to see a side of the Court that most lawyers don’t—working behind the scenes with a Supreme Court judge. This was especially insightful before the miscellaneous days, which are Mondays and Fridays. I saw firsthand how the research is done, and I gained an understanding of the level of preparation and efficiency involved when judges handle SLPs (Special Leave Petitions).
Usually, these hearings last just a few seconds, and at that time, we had to prepare a short note outlining the legal point involved so that the judge could quickly frame his mind. Everything moves very fast, and this experience was incredibly valuable during my internship.
The second significant experience was when I joined the bar at the High Court. At that time, the Criminal Motion Bench was headed by Justice Bagchi for a considerable period, and he was extremely fast. We had to be quick and precise in presenting ourselves, and that definitely helped me when preparing for SLP admissions as well. The way Justice Bagchi conducted motion admission hearings at the Calcutta High Court was very similar to how the Supreme Court handles SLP admissions.
This experience proved invaluable. You must know your brief inside out because you won’t have time to fumble through papers during the hearing. Even in a heavy matter, you might only get one minute to present, and there are always super seniors in the field of law arguing.
As a young lawyer, it’s particularly challenging to get an audience with a Supreme Court judge. You have to make an impact right away, like hitting a six on the first ball. That’s my approach to it.
Thank you so much, sir, for sharing these insights. This discussion feels like a technical workshop with all the nuances you’re imparting. I’m certain that individuals in independent litigation practice who aspire to reach the highest levels will greatly benefit from the wealth of experience you’ve brought to this session today.
Sir, your experience extends beyond India, encompassing both local and global perspectives. If your awe-inspiring trajectory were to be anchored in specific professional virtues, what would those virtues be? And would you be willing to share them with junior professionals?
When it comes to professional virtues, I would highlight three key qualities. First is discipline. There is no substitute for discipline; you need to maintain a fixed routine and adhere to it. This principle applies across all fields—law, politics, Bollywood, and beyond. Successful individuals, regardless of their profession, follow a rigorous and disciplined lifestyle.
The second quality is hard work, coupled with staying updated. Hard work is crucial, and it includes keeping abreast of developments in your field. Nowadays, we don’t wait for a Supreme Court bound volume to arrive; updates are provided through various websites and legal articles. Supreme Court decisions are reported within the same day. Embracing technology and staying informed is essential; otherwise, you risk being outpaced by your opponents if you aren’t up-to-date.
The third quality is the ability to build good public relations skills. In the legal field, especially as a lawyer, connecting with people socially is vital. Initially, clients may come through your relatives, friends, or referrals from teachers. Your network grows over time through these connections. Just as in medicine, where a patient’s choice of doctor is influenced by reputation and referrals, the same holds true for law. Effective social skills help in client acquisition, which in turn drives your success.
To summarize, discipline, hard work, and strong interpersonal skills are interconnected. Discipline ensures you stick to your routine, even on slow days. Hard work involves both effort and staying updated. Building social connections helps in gaining clients, which requires continued hard work. Each quality supports and enhances the others, creating a successful professional path.
Given that you have continually upskilled yourself through various courses and degrees, and considering the current legal landscape with its transformative changes across sectors, what are your thoughts on the legal and technological upskilling of lawyers? How should they adapt to these changes, and how significant is this process within the legal profession?
Regarding the integration of technology into the legal field, I believe it is no longer a choice but a necessity. Whether we like it or not, we have to adapt.
For instance, I recently visited the Supreme Court, which has nearly gone completely paperless. In contrast, the Calcutta High Court still relies heavily on paper and bulky briefs. During my recent appearance at the Supreme Court, my advocate on record provided me with a digital copy of the SLP. Even though I have a tablet and a MacBook, I am accustomed to holding a physical brief. Nonetheless, I tried to go paperless and use the digital copy.
It’s a matter of habit; initially, it was a bit challenging. I can only imagine the difficulties faced by senior members of the bar, who have been trained to handle physical books and documents. Personally, I still prefer having an SCC (Supreme Court Cases) in hand rather than reading judgments on a screen. It may be easier on the eyes, but we must embrace technology.
Furthermore, technology helps us stay updated. Without it, we would miss out on current developments. For a lawyer to grow and evolve, accepting technology is essential.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, courts adopted a hybrid model of physical and virtual hearings. After the pandemic, some high courts moved away from this model, but the Supreme Court mandated that hybrid hearings continue. This has been beneficial, though there is still some resistance to accepting virtual appearances. However, technology allows lawyers who are unwell or cannot afford junior lawyers to participate virtually and seek adjournments without harming their clients.
Technology has also improved court processes. Orders are now uploaded to the high court servers and e-courts, eliminating the need for certified copies. Additionally, we can now view which cases are being heard in which courtrooms via our phones, which was not possible in the past. This advancement saves time and effort compared to earlier practices where one had to physically check courtrooms or rely on clerks.
Another significant benefit of virtual hearings is that clients can observe their representation and proceedings. This transparency helps address issues where clients have been misled about hiring senior advocates or other concerns. Clients can now view hearings and understand the proceedings better.
In summary, technology is crucial in the legal field today, and there is no way to proceed without it in the current age.
Sir, what is the constant drive or motivating force that sustains you in your profession? Is there a particular philosophy or mantra that you believe in?
I have been quite inspired by the story of Mr. Ram Jethmalani. He has been a guiding force for me. During my internship days, I saw him argue a case in the Supreme Court on the principles of bail, and I was awestruck by his aura. After that, I read about him—his struggles and his journey as a lawyer—and I was fascinated by how he transformed himself.
Outside the realm of law, I would also say I have been inspired by the journey of Mr. Shah Rukh Khan. He has been a role model for me, not just as an actor but as a personality as well. His journey is incredible. These people have had a profound impact on my journey as a lawyer. They have motivated me, especially when I see how they faced failures and bounced back.
If you look at the trajectory of any successful person, they go through ups and downs. Even Mr. Amitabh Bachchan, the legend of Bollywood, experienced highs and lows, and his transformation later in life is remarkable. Figures like these—successful individuals in their respective fields—should serve as a motivation for others. Whether it’s sports, Bollywood, film, politics, or the legal field, their journeys and the challenges they faced can guide and inspire aspiring individuals.
Their stories have been a tremendous source of inspiration for me and have helped me in my own journey.
On that note, sir, a demanding profession like law can certainly take a toll on mental health. How do you manage the pressure of work while maintaining your personal space? Are there any hobbies, interests, or general routines you follow to strike a balance that you’d like to share?
Yes, law is very taxing. It is extremely demanding on our mental health as well, because it takes at least 14 to 15 hours of our daily life. Apart from that, you need time for your daily activities—sleep, rest, and spending time with your family. Unfortunately, if you’re in the field of law, especially as a litigating lawyer, you don’t get much time with your family. That is one of the hardest parts. You don’t get time to hang out with friends either.
Initially, you might, but as you become busier, the profession consumes a lot of your time, so you won’t be able to do that. Sometimes it becomes overwhelming. You might feel like taking an evening off to watch a movie or go out with friends or family, but then you remember you have cases the next day and need to study. You’re forced to study, and it can become very difficult and, at times, even depressing. I wouldn’t say it doesn’t. That’s one aspect—if you’re busy.
The other aspect is if you don’t have work, which many lawyers experienced during COVID. The pandemic was a huge eye-opener for everybody. Most courts weren’t functioning properly at first, though they eventually moved to a hybrid model and virtual hearings. But initially, it wasn’t like that.
So, for almost two years, many lawyers didn’t have work. At that time, it was very depressing and mentally challenging for lawyers to sustain themselves and take care of their families. Our profession is already very uncertain. I might have a very busy week now, and the next week, I could be completely without work.
During that free time, how you channel your thoughts is very important. It takes a huge mental toll on every serious lawyer because the insecurity looms large. As for me, I used to enjoy reading as a hobby. But after joining litigation, the profession has taken that hobby away from me. Now, in my free time, I hardly read books because I’m already reading so much during the day. So instead, I’ve taken to watching a lot of content on OTT platforms, which I enjoy.
Another principle I’ve maintained during my 10 years of practice is not going to court during the vacations. Many people work through the vacations, but I’ve made it a point not to work during the three vacations we have in Calcutta. For the good part of that time, I spend it with my family.
I love traveling a lot, so whenever I get the opportunity, I leave the city and go somewhere to spend some time. Traveling helps keep me refreshed. We have such an amazing country with so much to offer, and I love exploring the length and breadth of it. So, that’s how I unwind.
Since you’ve been involved in various editorial and pedagogical activities, where you’ve interacted with both students and practitioners, how do you think this involvement has enhanced your legal acumen and expertise? Additionally, how much do you enjoy these activities alongside your primary role in litigation?
Yes, actually, I would say it is very helpful, even for the growth of an individual as a lawyer. Let me share an anecdote: during my early years of practice, and even more recently during the COVID period, I used to mentor some law students, including my interns. Apart from them interning with me, I would teach them about the practical aspects of the legal field and different statutes that aren’t covered in their syllabus.
I also gave them basic insights into how cases are filed, conducted, and so on. In addition, I was involved in editing journals for CHN at one point in time. This experience was helpful in two main ways. Firstly, for the purpose of editing, I had to go through judgments passed by various courts. In the process of reading those judgments, I was constantly updating myself as a lawyer.
Secondly, reading judgments for editing purposes allowed me to cover a lot of material in a short span of time. This not only increased my reading speed but also improved my ability to quickly identify the key portions of a judgment.
Thirdly, dealing with different aspects of law—whether with law students or fellow lawyers—helped me revise what I had learned earlier, either during law school or later in practice. For example, while I may have studied the Domestic Violence Act or the Negotiable Instruments Act thoroughly during my college days, in practice, we mostly focus on a few sections like Sections 138 to 143, 143A of the NI Act. However, when discussing the entire statute with a student or fellow lawyer, it forces you to revisit and refresh your knowledge of the full text.
In a way, by teaching others, you’re also learning and revising. This helps to reinforce your understanding of the law and ensures you don’t forget important sections. So, it definitely aids in personal growth and keeps you sharp as a lawyer.
Thank you, sir. As a concluding note, could you please share your long-term plans, particularly in light of your impressive involvement with various professional legal groups and associations? What are your long-term goals?
This is a very difficult question for me to answer. In terms of long-term plans, as an individual, I aim to advocate for the cause of law to a certain extent. I also plan to author a few books in the field of law, which I will likely begin working on soon. These books will offer a more practical insight into certain aspects of law, focusing on topics that I choose. The goal is for these books to be beneficial not only for law students but also for legal practitioners.
There are numerous books on various legal topics available in the market, but I’ve observed that some of them exist just for the sake of being there. They don’t provide a proper or meaningful insight into the areas of law they cover. That’s one side of it. On the other hand, I have a long-term plan to establish a legal institute that imparts practical legal training to students.
When or how this institute will materialize, I can’t say. It may never happen, or it could happen in the near future, but I believe it’s very important. Many people who enter law school are not from legal backgrounds, and the five years of legal education often don’t provide sufficient practical knowledge. That’s my perspective on that.
Additionally, many law colleges today focus on ensuring students complete a set number of internships, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that students are learning anything valuable during those internships. It has become more of a target-oriented task—complete the internship, get the certificate, and move on.
However, in reality, interns who come to courts or law offices aren’t truly learning much. I regularly have interns at my law office, and it’s a practice in my office to interact with them after a week or so. I make sure to ask for their feedback on their previous internships—whether it was in someone else’s chamber or a law firm—and also about what they have learned while working with me. If they come here, they should leave with something productive that will help them in their careers.
These are the aspects I want to focus on as part of my long-term plans in the field of law. So, let’s see where this journey takes me.
A very big thanks from the entire team of SuperLawyer. Thank you so much.
Thank you, Akash, for having me. It was truly a pleasure to discuss various aspects of our day-to-day professional lives and to share a glimpse into how I maintain balance in my personal life as well. I’m confident that young lawyers will find value in this, as it will help them gain a better understanding of the practical realities in the legal field. Thank you once again for having me.
Can you share the journey of your career from starting your practice at the District and Sessions Court in Dehradun in 2008 to becoming the President of the Youth Bar Association of India?
I got an opportunity to join the Office of Mr. TS Bindra, Advocate in Dehradun, who is having a flourishing practice. His hard work and devotion to the profession is tremendous. I have seen him working as “One Man Army” nay to say, dealing with clients, and then settling the petitions, doing research work i.e. finding the case-laws and finally arguing the matter before the Hon’ble Court. Furthermore, working at the grassroots level i.e. the original side taught me invaluable lessons in legal practice, ethics, and the importance of diligence in serving as a legal practitioner.
During my early years, I handled a diverse range of cases, which provided me with practical experience and a deeper understanding of the complexities of the law. This period was crucial in shaping my foundational skills as a lawyer and instilling in me a passion for justice and advocacy.
As I progressed in my career, I became increasingly involved in various legal forums and associations. These experiences expanded my professional network and fuelled my interest in addressing broader issues within the legal community. I recognised the need to empower young lawyers and advocate for their rights and professional development.
When I started practising on the criminal side, obtaining a copy of FIR was a very troublesome and difficult task. However, it was readily made available to influential lawyers and even the litigants were suggested to engage said lawyers. Poor litigants, having no option, were constrained to engage and pay a hefty amount to such lawyers, in the guise of professional fees. I found the situation to be vulnerable. Apart from this, I noticed that the young lawyers have very limited say and their ideas and voice were throttled. I have seen my friends losing hope in this profession, due to lack of proper guidance and support at the initial stage of practice. That was the moment, which prompted me to have an Association of Young Advocates.
Finally, they discussed the idea with some of my seniors, who mocked it but at the same time, few appreciated this idea. I must mention the names of Mr. Saurabh Pandey, Mr. Nirpendra Singh Rautela, Ms. Anjali Chauhan, Mr. Gaurav Pandey and Mr. Lovekesh Choudary. Ultimately, we got the Society registered under the name of Youth Bar Association of India (in short YBAI) to create a platform to support young lawyers across the country. Serving as President of YBAI has been a privilege and a responsibility that I cherish deeply.
It has allowed me to contribute to initiatives that promote legal education, advocate for reforms beneficial to the legal fraternity, and foster a sense of community among young lawyers. We have conducted various webinars and Virtual Summer School on Mediation, which are available on the YouTube Page.
My journey from starting at the District and Sessions Court in Dehradun to leading YBAI has been marked by continuous learning, dedication to service, and a commitment to advancing the interests of young lawyers in India. I am grateful for the opportunities I’ve had and look forward to continuing to make a positive impact in the legal profession.
What inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how has your father’s influence shaped your legal practice and career choices?
I was inspired to pursue a career in law due to a deep-seated passion for justice and a desire to make a meaningful impact in people’s lives. Growing up, I witnessed firsthand the dedication and integrity with which my father practiced law. His commitment to upholding justice and serving his clients ethically left a profound impression on me.
My father namely S. Bhupendra Singh, had worked in the original civil side at the grass-root level i.e. the District Court. Later in the year 2001, after the creation of the State of Uttarakhand, he got an opportunity to serve as a “Standing Counsel” for the Govt. of Uttarakhand, which he continued for almost 10 years. My father is a first-generation lawyer, who comes from a very humble background. He started his journey with a lot of struggles for sustainability. My mother passed way, leaving the responsibility to me and my younger sibling (Dr. Jaspreet Kaur); I was just 2 years of age. We have spent a considerable long time, in rented accommodation. I have witnessed my father carrying bulky files. Sometimes he has to wait at the taxi stand, as travelling in a sharing cab is cost-effective. His hard work and dedication taught me, the value of money and being humble. At the same time, what is more powerful to learn from him, is he never opted for short cuts and unethical ways. His continuous study and determination still influences me. His influence has been instrumental in shaping my legal practice and career choices. He instilled in me the importance of empathy, integrity, and diligence in every aspect of legal work. His guidance has taught me to approach each case with a holistic perspective, considering not just the legal nuances but also the human aspects involved.
Moreover, seeing my father’s dedication to his clients has motivated me to strive for excellence in my legal career. His mentorship has been invaluable in helping me navigate challenges and make informed decisions that align with ethical standards and the pursuit of justice.
Your wife, Harsheen Anand, played a significant role in the formation of the Youth Bar Association of India (YBAI). Can you elaborate on how her contributions have influenced your professional journey?
She is a vigilant person and more educated than me. Though she has done a Masters in Law, she is currently practicing as a Chartered Accountant. She helped us to give a legal entity to YBAI, which we got registered under the Societies Registration Act. She actively participates in the affairs of YBAI.
I feel, I have been unfair to her, because where both the parents are working, either one has to compromise in terms of career; as the responsibility of kids is fastened upon them. In our case, she has groomed and nurtured the kids more than me, for which I shall always remain indebted to her. However, now, I used to devote my maximum time to the kids. It’s a mesmerising feeling. I have started living my childhood with my kids.
Was practicing independently the choice you made from the beginning of your career, or was there a specific theory or reason behind your decision to establish an independent legal practice? Can you share the thought process and motivation behind this decision?
I must mention here about my appearance at the Supreme Court. I got my first independent case but frankly, the law point involved was not much impressive. However, while discussing the matter with my senior colleagues, particularly Mr. Nagendra Singh Ji, I was made to learn the basics of legal practice, nay ‘not to be judgmental’, as the work of an Advocate is to put forward the grief and facts of the litigant before the Court, which alone has the jurisdiction and competence to decide the same. With the able guidance of my senior colleagues, I prepared the matter and I was made to understand by Mr. Nagendra Singh Ji that he will argue the matter. I still remember it was a cheque bounce matter (U/s. 138 NI Act), the transfer of which was sought from Kolkatta (West Bengal) to Pithoragrah (Uttarakhand). The matter was listed before the Bench of Hon. Justice Altamas Kabir, one of the most humble Judges, who later became CJI. After reaching the court premises, I called Mr. Nagendra Singh Ji, who asked me to argue the matter, as he intended that I must confront the Court. There I was guided by another senior colleague Mr. Rabir Singh Kundu, a very eminent lawyer. Ultimately, I got a favourable order. From that point of time, I made up my mind, to establish my independent legal practice. But at the same time, I got loosely associated with my seniors.
Initially, I joined the chamber of Mr. Jitendra Mohan Sharma Ji, Senior Advocate, with whom I am still associated. He is a most humble person and there is a lot to learn from him. I have worked with and briefed various legal luminaries. When I joined the Supreme Court, Mr. Ram Jethmalani Ji was the President of SCBA and I had attended various legal conferences and programs with him. Age was just the number for him. He was bold and dynamic. His arguments in some cases are tremendous.
Anyways, establishing an independent legal practice was a deliberate choice that evolved throughout my career, influenced by both personal aspirations and professional considerations. From the beginning, I was drawn to the idea of having the autonomy to shape my legal career.
Early in my career, while gaining experience at the District and Sessions Court in Dehradun, I recognized the value of independence in providing legal services that align with my ethical principles. This firsthand experience solidified my belief that establishing an independent practice would allow me to best fulfil my commitment to advocating for justice and serving the needs of litigants effectively. Moreover, the decision was also driven by a desire to contribute to the legal profession in a meaningful way. By founding my practice, I aimed to create a platform where I could apply my expertise, engage in diverse legal matters, and foster a supportive environment for both, clients and colleagues.
Ultimately, the thought process behind establishing an independent legal practice was rooted in the belief that it would afford me the flexibility to pursue my passion for law while upholding the highest standards of integrity and professionalism.
What motivated you to take up the leadership role in the Youth Bar Association of India, and what initiatives have you introduced to support young legal professionals? Please share some insights in your role as a president and your contributions.
As I mentioned earlier, the situation for young, budding advocates has been quite disheartening. There was a lack of mechanisms to address their challenges or offer them the necessary support. Young lawyers often became easy targets for exploitation—they were given inadequate guidance and then reprimanded for unintentional mistakes. Despite being hardworking, many young advocates face discouragement at various levels due to a lack of procedural understanding. What they truly need is a proper mentor to guide them on the right path.
One of the first significant achievements of the Youth Bar Association of India (YBAI) was obtaining a directive that mandated the uploading of every FIR on the police website. This directive can be found in AIR 2016 SC 4136 or 2016 (9) SCC 473, “Youth Bar Association of India versus Union of India and Others.”
YBAI also organized its First National Conference, which was graced by many legal luminaries, including Mr. Soli Sorabji. The Chief Guest was Hon’ble Justice Ranjan Gogoi, the then Chief Justice of India, and the conference was moderated by Senior Advocate Ms. Aishwarya Bhati. The event was a resounding success.
I was motivated to take up the leadership role at YBAI out of a deep commitment to empower and support young legal professionals across India. Recognizing the challenges young lawyers face in their careers, I felt compelled to create a platform where they could thrive, receive mentorship, and advocate for their rights.
As President of YBAI, I introduced several initiatives aimed at enriching the professional lives of young legal professionals. One of our key initiatives is providing educational workshops and seminars to enhance their legal skills and knowledge. These sessions cover a wide range of topics, including legal research, advocacy techniques, and career development strategies. Additionally, we have established mentorship programs where experienced lawyers guide and support young members, helping them navigate the challenges and opportunities within the legal profession. This mentorship not only fosters personal growth but also strengthens our legal community by passing on invaluable insights and experiences.
Another important aspect of my role has been advocating for policy reforms that benefit young lawyers. We actively engage with policymakers to address issues such as access to legal education, professional development opportunities, and equitable representation within the legal system.
Moreover, I have worked to create networking opportunities through conferences, forums, and social events, enabling young lawyers to connect with peers and mentors from diverse legal backgrounds.
We also conducted a Virtual Summer School on the topic of Mediation during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that the process of learning continued. All the sessions are available on the YBAI’s YouTube and Facebook pages.
Serving as President of YBAI has been both a privilege and a responsibility that I approach with dedication and enthusiasm. My goal is to continue expanding our initiatives, advocating for the rights of young legal professionals, and fostering a supportive community that empowers the next generation of lawyers in India.
With your vast experience, can you share some insights on the evolution of arbitration law in India and how new lawyers can prepare for the future of these fields?
With the evolution of civil and arbitration law in India, we’ve witnessed significant advancements that have reshaped the legal landscape and opened new opportunities for young lawyers. Civil law has undergone reforms aimed at expediting judicial processes, enhancing access to justice, and promoting alternative dispute resolution mechanisms like arbitration.
Arbitration, in particular, has seen substantial growth as a preferred method for resolving commercial disputes. The enactment of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, along with amendments to streamline procedures and enforceability of arbitral awards, has bolstered its credibility and efficiency. This evolution reflects a broader trend towards a more robust legal framework that supports both domestic and international arbitration.
For new lawyers aspiring to excel in these fields, preparation involves several key strategies:
Developing a solid understanding of civil procedure codes, arbitration laws, and recent judicial precedents is crucial. Keeping abreast of legal updates and participating in relevant training programs or workshops can provide essential insights.
Actively seeking opportunities to gain hands-on experience through internships, clerkships, or apprenticeships with experienced practitioners in civil litigation or arbitration firms is invaluable. Practical exposure helps bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application.
Embracing legal technology tools for research, case management, and document review is becoming increasingly important. Familiarity with e-filing systems and digital evidence management enhances efficiency and client service in civil litigation and arbitration proceedings.
Effective communication, negotiation, and client management skills are essential for success in these fields. Building a professional network through bar associations, legal forums, and industry events facilitates mentorship and career opportunities.
Upholding ethical standards and professionalism is non-negotiable. Demonstrating integrity and reliability enhances credibility and trustworthiness as a legal practitioner.
In summary, the future of civil and arbitration law in India holds promising opportunities for young lawyers who are prepared to adapt to evolving legal trends, leverage technological advancements, and uphold high professional standards. By cultivating specialized knowledge, gaining practical experience, and nurturing essential skills, new lawyers can position themselves for a rewarding and impactful career in these dynamic fields.
Beyond your professional life, what hobbies or personal interests do you pursue, and how do they contribute to your overall well-being and professional effectiveness.
Outside of my professional life, I am passionate about roaming around. I love to visit new places and meet different people. These pursuits play a crucial role in maintaining my overall well-being and enhancing my professional effectiveness in several ways.
Firstly, I love to do matters involving public interest or legal questions, which require the indulgence of the Hon’ble Courts. There are various such matters, wherein YBAI has been successful in obtaining directions. I must mention the case of “Habib Khan versus of State of Uttarakhand”, wherein after many rounds of litigation; the Hon’ble Supreme Court has held that Class-IV employees are entitled to PENSION by reckoning the period of their temporary services i.e. from the date of their initial engagement. Later, the said decision was approved by the larger bench in the case of “Prem Singh versus State of Uttar Pradesh”. This is a case, that is very close to me because the clients were elderly people of having age of about 70 years and I have seen them struggling for livelihood.
Further engaging in outstation matters, provides me with a creative outlet and a sense of fulfilment that rejuvenates me after demanding workdays. This helps me approach challenges with renewed energy and clarity.
What are your views on the importance of pro bono work, and can you share an experience where your pro bono efforts have made a significant impact?
I believe that pro bono work plays a crucial role in ensuring access to justice for underserved communities and advancing the principles of fairness and equality within our legal system. It is not only a professional responsibility but also a moral imperative for lawyers to contribute their skills and expertise to serve those who may not have the means to afford legal representation. Moreover, pro bono work not only enhances professional skills and broadens legal knowledge but also strengthens the bonds between lawyers and the communities they serve. It fosters a sense of civic duty and reinforces the ethical foundations of our legal profession.
In conclusion, pro bono work is not just about providing free legal services; it is about promoting justice, equality, and the rule of law. It is an integral part of my commitment to using my legal skills to make a meaningful difference in the lives of others and to contribute positively to society.
What advice would you give to current law students and young professionals to help them navigate their careers and make meaningful contributions to the legal field?
As someone who has navigated the legal profession and is committed to its advancement, I have several pieces of advice for current law students and young professionals:
Build a Strong Foundation: Focus on developing a solid understanding of foundational legal principles and procedures. Mastering the basics will provide a robust framework upon which you can build specialized knowledge and expertise.
Seek Diverse Experiences: Take advantage of internships, clerkships, and opportunities to work with experienced lawyers in different practice areas. Exposure to diverse legal environments will broaden your perspective and help you discover your interests and strengths.
Embrace Lifelong Learning: The legal landscape is constantly evolving. Stay informed about current legal developments, case law, and legislative changes. Continuously seek opportunities for professional development and continuing legal education.
Cultivate Practical Skills: Beyond legal theory, hone practical skills such as legal research, writing, negotiation, and client management. These skills are essential for effective legal practice and client representation.
Build a Professional Network: Networking is invaluable in the legal profession. Attend industry events, join bar associations, and connect with peers, mentors, and senior professionals. Building relationships can open doors to opportunities for collaboration, mentorship, and career advancement.
Commit to Ethics and Integrity: Uphold the highest standards of ethical conduct and professionalism in all your interactions. Trust and integrity are essential for building a credible and successful legal career.
Engage in Pro Bono and Community Service: Dedicate time to pro bono work and community service. Contributing your legal skills to help those in need not only serves a noble purpose but also enhances your professional growth and fulfillment.
Stay Resilient and Persistent: The legal profession can be challenging, but perseverance pays off. Stay resilient in the face of setbacks, learn from your experiences, and keep striving towards your goals.
Find Balance: Maintain a healthy work-life balance. Taking care of your well-being is essential for sustained success and happiness in your legal career.
Make Meaningful Contributions: Ultimately, aim to make a positive impact through your legal career. Whether it’s advocating for justice, advancing legal reforms, or championing causes you believe in, strive to leave a lasting and meaningful mark on the legal field and society.
By following these principles and continuously refining your skills and knowledge, you can navigate your legal career successfully and make significant contributions to the legal profession.
Last but not least; I would like to thank my intern Ms. Prachi Agarwal, a student of Law College Dehradun who helped in completing this task.
I would also like to thank my current team, namely Mr. Kuldeep Singh, Mr. Bhavya Pratap Singh Rautela, Mr. Amit Kumar, Ms. Ayushi Arya, Mr. Sanyam Thareja and Ms. Japjeet Singh along with Ms. Amitoz Kaur, Mr. Arpit Jain and Ms. Pallavi Tripathi
More than a decade into your legal career, it must feel like a time lapse to reflect on how it was when you started versus how it is now. How has the experience changed?
There has been a significant shift in the entire concept and perception of legal practice. In India, the legal profession has always been regarded as a noble one, and it has grown rapidly over the past 50 years to become the world’s largest branch of the profession.
When I started, legal practice was not as professionalized as it is today. Now, it is managed like a business, with considerable emphasis on marketing one’s profession through online platforms.
We relied heavily on books, working tirelessly to gain legal knowledge and searching for judgments. Hours were spent just browsing through voluminous texts. However, with the advent of the Internet, there is now greater access to information related to legal practice. All information is just a fingertip away. Nowadays, young professionals have everything at their disposal—from information to apex court judgments and even guidance on how to draft an application. Everything is handed to them on a platter, ready to be served and consumed. Additionally, there has been a growing preference among young graduates to join law firms, which was not a common choice earlier.
Litigation is often very stressful, and managing both professional and personal life must be challenging. Could you please share some tips on balancing both for success?
Litigation is a very time-consuming venture. It demands a significant investment of our time, involving intensive study, research, and hours spent going through documents and drafting applications. Presence of mind is crucial while drafting or making a submission before the court, as even a minor mistake can cause significant harm to our clients. Legal practice is serious business and should not be taken lightly, which leaves us with very little personal time. However, it’s essential to recognize that our mental and physical well-being is equally important. Success in our professional lives is intertwined with our personal lives. A healthy mind and body are vital for a successful career, so we must take adequate care of ourselves. Sufficient sleep and healthy eating habits are essential as well.
Having practiced at both the trial court and high court levels, what differences in work culture have you observed?
The High Court is the highest judiciary in the state. It is the apex court, and all other courts are subordinate to it. The High courts are Courts of Record, and their decisions can be used by subordinate courts as references when delivering judgments. The High Court decisions are binding on all lower courts within the state over which it has jurisdiction.
A trial court, on the other hand, is a court of original jurisdiction where trials take place. Appeals from the decisions of trial courts are usually heard by higher courts with the power of appellate review.
Unfortunately, there has been a noticeable decline in the work culture at all levels of the judiciary in recent years. There are prolonged delays in court proceedings, despite the constitutional guarantee of an expeditious trial under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, which aims to provide relief as quickly as possible to aggrieved persons.
You’ve recently been involved with some environmental concerns. How do you take climate responsibility at the individual level, if you could highlight your efforts?
We are all aware of global warming—a gradual increase in the Earth’s temperature, primarily due to increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants. Various factors contribute to global warming, including deforestation, excessive use of vehicles, air conditioners, refrigerators, and industrialization.
Deforestation is a significant cause of global warming, and the resulting imbalance in the ecosystem leads to droughts and floods.
At present, I am dealing with issues related to rampant, unscientific, and life-threatening illegal mining and stone quarrying activities in certain parts of the Birbhum district in West Bengal. These operations involve activities such as drilling, blasting with heavy explosives, excavation, loading, transporting, crushing, and size separation, all conducted without adequate safety measures. Crushers are being operated without any licenses or permits from the appropriate authorities. The hills have been reduced to half their height. The entire atmosphere is covered in dust, endangering the health and lives of the local population, and threatening to disrupt the ecosystem in the future. Although the Honorable National Green Tribunal, Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata, has passed an order to immediately halt these illegal operations, the mining and quarrying activities continue in utter disregard of the court’s order. This is a matter of great concern for me.
Recently, the entire criminal justice system received an overhaul with the new criminal codes. We would love to hear your take on this.
Yes, the Indian Parliament recently passed three new criminal laws: The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA).
These new laws came into effect on July 1st, 2024, and are set to replace the existing Indian Penal Code (IPC), The Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), and the Indian Evidence Act, respectively.
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaces the Indian Penal Code. It introduces several new offenses, such as Clause 69, which penalizes sexual intercourse conducted under deceitful means, such as false promises of promotion or employment, marrying after concealing one’s identity, or through other forms of inducement.
Another significant change is the recognition of murder on grounds of caste, community, or race as a distinct offense, as per Clause 103 of the BNS. There are also provisions related to terrorism and organized crime, as mentioned in Clause 111(1) of the BNS. Additionally, Clause 304(1) of the BNS introduces and defines a new term: “Snatching.”
Similarly, The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1973. It mandates forensic investigation for offenses punishable by imprisonment of seven years or more and allows the production of electronic communications as evidence during investigations, trials, or inquiries.
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) permits the introduction of electronic and digital records. To provide better protection and transparency in the investigation of rape cases, the law allows for oral evidence to be taken electronically and recorded via audio-video.
We often overlook client management. How important is it in individual practice, and how can one learn this skill?
The legal profession is a noble one, introduced to assist those aggrieved by serious issues such as threats to their safety or dispossession of their properties. We must always take our clients’ problems seriously and strive to achieve justice for them through appropriate legal proceedings, arbitration, and other means.
You have been involved in both litigation and arbitration. How do you perceive the recent trend towards strengthening ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) in the country?
The legal framework for resolving disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution is provided under Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908. This section recognizes arbitration, conciliation, mediation, and judicial settlement, including settlement through Lok Adalat.
For me, providing legal relief to my clients as expeditiously as possible is of utmost importance. The overall delay in legal proceedings can frustrate the timely delivery of justice. Resolving issues through mediation, arbitration, and judicial settlement is less time-consuming and offers an alternative channel of relief.
How do you stay connected with your interns and students? Any tips for youngsters in this profession?
My interns and students are like my own children. I feel a deep responsibility toward them and connect with them on a personal level. I remember my first days in court—the newness, the lack of practical experience, the uncertainties. It was all so alien to me. These memories help me understand the confusion and challenges my interns and students may face. I strive to be understanding and compassionate, going out of my way to make them feel at ease and impart whatever knowledge I have gained over the years.
My advice to youngsters is to remain positive, patient, hardworking, and dedicated to their profession. They should also uphold strong principles in both their professional and personal lives.
Can you share a motivational book or film, or a philosophy that keeps you going?
I believe that my life is a book in itself, filled with experiences—the ups and downs I’ve faced, a deeper understanding of human nature, and the maturity I’ve gained over the years. Observing people and their behavior, especially how their approaches change with circumstances, has provided me with valuable insights. I am writing about my experiences and the lessons I’ve learned during my journey in the legal profession over the past decade.
It may sound a bit introspective, but when I reflect on the incredible experiences I’ve had—from my childhood to becoming the person I am today, a woman with maturity and integrity—I can humbly say that I am my inspiration.
The legal domain is undergoing transformative changes, and lawyers need regular upskilling. How do you keep yourself updated with this tide of change?
The legal profession in India has evolved significantly over the centuries. Since independence, the Advocates Act of 1961 has brought about substantial reforms, contributing to the effective administration of justice in society. The profession has become more globalized, with numerous amendments to the laws of our country. Therefore we as lawyers, must stay actively updated with these changes through both offline and online studies of the latest laws and judgments.
