After transitioning from the Kerala High Court to the Supreme Court of India, what differences have you observed in terms of legal strategy, advocacy, and the overall courtroom environment?
First of all, a big thumbs up to LawSikho and SuperLawyer for reaching out to young lawyers, interviewing them, and sharing their experiences with the wider legal community. It’s an encouraging initiative that inspires and guides many who are just starting out in the profession. I trust that this exchange of experiences among lawyers is carried out within the bounds of professional ethics, and serves to strengthen the legal fraternity.
Coming to the question, in terms of legal strategy and advocacy, I have not observed any significant difference from the High Court. The manner in which we draft a petition or present a case before the court is almost the same. These are the basics. They apply uniformly across all courts. The only difference I observed was the time available during the admission stage in the Supreme Court. You typically get only one to three minutes to argue the matter, and within that short span, you must convince the court that the case warrants admission and the issuance of notice to the parties. If you have a strong case on merits, are well-prepared, and present it with due respect to the court and the opposing side, the court will hear you regardless of your experience or age in the profession.
You’ve taken up several pro bono matters, including a notable case involving life-saving treatment for an infant. What drives your commitment to such causes, and how do you balance them alongside a demanding practice?
I won’t claim to have taken up several pro bono matters, but yes, I have handled a few because I believe it is not just the duty of a lawyer, but also a moral responsibility as a human being to help those in need, to the extent we can. One such case that I will always be proud of as a lawyer was about securing life-saving treatment for an infant. The child was only five months old. Her parents had already lost two daughters to a rare genetic disorder called Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Naturally, they were terrified that their third daughter might meet the same fate. Through the intervention of some social activists, they reached out to me. To save the child, they needed Rs.18 crores, an amount far beyond their reach. I filed a writ petition seeking financial assistance from the State, arguing that the right to life is a fundamental right under the Constitution, and it is the duty of the State to ensure that this right is not violated. Hon’ble Mr. Justice Nagaresh passed an interim order directing that the child be provided with complete free treatment, based on a statement made by Government Pleader Ms. Parvathy Kottol, who was handling the case at that time. The State extended full support to the family. What stood out to me in this experience was how, in such extreme situations, Judges and Government Pleaders are also willing to go beyond their regular roles to ensure justice is served.
With experience spanning Constitutional, Administrative, and Criminal Law, how do you tailor your approach to building cases in each of these distinct domains, and what strategies help you stay current across them?
At this point in time, I don’t believe it’s possible for me to plan and settle into a specific area of law. The areas of law one ends up working in often depend on the offices one has assisted, or the nature of the cases you get. Moreover, legal subjects often overlap, say, a criminal case may give rise to constitutional questions.
While I was a junior at Nagaraj Associates, I had the opportunity to assist in a wide range of matters across various fields. In my personal view, at this stage of practice, a lawyer should be open to working across all kinds of matters, be it civil, criminal, constitutional, arbitration, or any other area of law.
Your PIL led to significant changes in Telegram’s content moderation policies. Could you share about it?
No, the platform did not change any policy on its own. The PIL was filed specifically to curb child pornography on this particular platform. When the court issued notice to the State Government, the State supported the Petitioner and even stated that the platform was a “safe haven for criminals.” Later on, the Central Government issued the new IT Rules, which included the appointment of a Nodal Officer for all digital platforms to address such complaints. The court then relegated the Petitioner to approach the Nodal Officer under these rules. As per my understanding, the platform no longer retains such objectionable content. It is now being removed immediately upon detection or complaint.
Having handled a wide range of cases across different legal domains, could you share one of the most complex or challenging cases you’ve worked on and how you navigated its intricacies?
One case that stands out was that of a minor boy who aspired to study at Jawahar Navodaya School. His admission was rejected on the ground that he had not studied in a rural area, as required by the rules. We challenged these rules. In the second round of litigation, after the Single Bench dismissed the case, I filed a writ appeal. At that time, I had just two years of experience in the profession. I studied the case to the best of my ability and appeared before the Division Bench led by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Jayasankaran Nambiar. However, during the admission hearing, the questions posed by the Bench made me feel as though I didn’t even know the basics despite all the time and effort I had invested in preparation. The court granted me one more week to prepare. When I returned the following week, I argued the matter with all the relevant case laws. Yet, each argument was carefully questioned and, one after the other, rejected by the court. Despite that, when the final judgment was delivered, the court directed the school to grant admission to the student, with a specific note that the relief granted would not be treated as a precedent. What made the experience unforgettable was that the Hon’ble Judges recorded in the judgment how I had presented the arguments in court. After pronouncing the judgment, they smiled at me and said, “We are granting this relief only because of your hard work on this case.” That moment was a huge relief, not just for the child, but also for me as a young lawyer. It gave me immense confidence to continue in the profession.
In one of your cases, the court emphasized that a guilty plea should not automatically result in a lenient sentence. How do you perceive the judiciary’s evolving stance on sentencing and plea bargaining in the Indian legal system?
There is a growing trend where, when charges are framed and read over to the accused, they admit guilt on the spot, believing that the matter will end with the payment of a small fine. In one such case, the Petitioner had suffered a head injury from an attack, yet the accused was let off with just a petty fine. This was challenged, and the court took serious note of the same, issuing a strong warning to the trial court against exonerating accused persons in serious cases merely on payment of fines. While plea bargaining is an accepted legal practice, in my personal opinion, it should not become a means for the accused to escape the real punishment prescribed by law for serious offences.
As someone who has independently argued cases before the Supreme Court and contributed to reported judgments, what guidance would you offer to young lawyers aiming to build a strong practice?
As anyone would say, hard work and stepping out of your comfort zone are the only ways to grow. In my case, I decided to move to Delhi after five years of practice at the High Court even though I had a handful of cases there. Some well-wishers asked me, “Why would you leave a steady practice to become a briefless lawyer in a new place?” Honestly, I wasn’t sure if my decision was right. Coming from Kerala, where we enjoy clean air, good food, water, and a clean environment, the shift was tough. I initially found accommodation in a very poor locality, and the weather, food, and overall conditions in Delhi weakened me both physically and mentally. At one point, I even questioned if I had made a mistake. But within two months, I started receiving briefs in the Supreme Court from senior colleagues at the High Court. That’s when I realised that the hard work I had put in back home was beginning to pay off in a new form. So yes, in my experience, hard work remains the only way to build a strong and lasting practice. One guiding principle I always carry with me is a piece of advice from my senior, Mr. Adv. Nagaraj Narayanan, once gave me: “Never ever suppress any facts from the court, even if they go against you.” That integrity is something I strive to uphold in every case I handle.
What initially inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how has your vision for your legal practice evolved over the years? What are your aspirations going forward?
It was my father who first inspired me to pursue law as a profession. I remain ever grateful to him for his constant support. Today, my wife, Ipsita Ojal, who is also a lawyer, stands beside me, making her own sacrifices by joining me in Delhi to support my journey. Over the years, my vision for legal practice has matured from simply building a career to creating a meaningful and principled practice. I aspire to continue growing in this profession, staying true to the values that brought me here, and to keep practising with the same commitment and integrity that I began with.
I believe more young lawyers should actively come to the Supreme Court. It’s one of the most effective ways to make litigation at the apex court more accessible and affordable for litigants, especially those from underprivileged backgrounds. Until we have separate regional benches established across the country, the presence of committed and capable young lawyers at the Supreme Court in Delhi is essential to bridge the gap.
Balancing the demands of a legal career with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage this balance, and what are your preferred ways to unwind or recharge outside of work?
For me, the answer is simple. My family. Amid the pressures of legal practice, spending time with my loved ones helps me stay grounded and recharged. Their presence gives me both strength and perspective, and it’s through those quiet moments with family that I find balance.
After completing your Bachelor of Science at St. Stephen’s College, Delhi University, you chose to pursue a law degree at the Faculty of Law, Delhi University. What inspired you to transition from a science background to law?
Growing up, I couldn’t help but notice the inequalities that shaped the lives of those around me, especially the women in my family and community. It was clear that opportunities were often more accessible to men, while women struggled to break through societal barriers. I wondered why this was the case, and why these disparities seemed to be reinforced by the very structures that shaped our daily lives. These questions sparked a desire in me to understand and challenge the systems that perpetuated such inequalities igniting a passion for social justice that would go on to define both my academic and professional journey.
Like many young people, I didn’t initially know what path to take. With limited exposure to different fields, I chose science, as it seemed like the natural route at the time. However, as I progressed in my studies, I began to feel a growing sense that my true calling lay in something that could directly address the inequalities I had observed. My involvement in student activism during my undergraduate years was a turning point. Working with others who shared my drive for change, I saw how collective action, combined with legal frameworks, could lead to real impact. I started to see the power of law—not just as a career, but as a tool for social change. The more I learned, the more I realized how law could be used to challenge injustices, shape policies, and drive societal transformation. This experience solidified my belief that law was the right path for me—not just to build a career, but to actively contribute to advancing justice and creating lasting change.
You completed your Master’s in Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, specializing in Public International Law with a focus on International Law. What motivated you to choose this particular specialization, and why did you decide to study at LSE?
My career began as a litigator, and later as theLaw Clerk (Research Assistant) to the then Chief Justice of India, Hon’ble Justice Dr. T.S. Thakur. These formative experiences provided me with invaluable, hands-on exposure to the inner workings of the domestic legal system. I gained a deep, practical understanding of how law operates on the ground—how cases unfold, which strategies are employed, and, most importantly, the profound impact legal decisions have on individuals and communities.
However, as I spent more time in the field, I began to feel a growing sense of unease. While domestic law certainly plays a pivotal role in shaping society, I found myself drawn to the larger, more complex global issues that transcend borders—issues that require solutions beyond the scope of national legislation. The pressing challenges of our time—climate change, human rights abuses, and systemic inequality—are not confined to one nation or jurisdiction; they demand a global response. It was through this realization that I became captivated by the potential of international law to address these global concerns.
The more I learned, the more convinced I became that international law was the key to understanding and influencing these global systems. I saw how it shapes the legal frameworks governing the relationships between nations and people, and how it holds the power to tackle some of the world’s most urgent challenges. This growing fascination inspired me to specialize in international law, with the aim of acquiring the knowledge and skills needed to contribute meaningfully to resolving these complex issues and working towards a more just, sustainable, and equitable future.
To pursue this passion, I sought an academic environment that would challenge me and equip me with the necessary tools to navigate the intricacies of international legal systems. The opportunity to study at the London School of Economics (LSE) felt like a natural next step. Renowned for its interdisciplinary approach to legal education, LSE emphasizes combining rigorous academic analysis with practical, real-world application. This approach resonated deeply with my aspirations and offered exactly what I was looking for—an education that would push me to think critically about global legal challenges and develop holistic solutions by providing me not only quality education but also complementing the same with work experience in the UK, Türkiye and Austria.
I was humbled and honored to be awarded the prestigious Chevening Scholarship by the British Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office. This scholarship not only provided the financial support I needed to study at one of the world’s leading institutions but also connected me to a network of passionate, like-minded individuals from diverse backgrounds. The exposure to a broad range of perspectives and experiences enriched my academic journey, broadened my worldview, and deepened my commitment to addressing the world’s most pressing challenges.
Looking back, my journey from a domestic litigator to an international law scholar has been driven by a single, unwavering conviction: to challenge systemic inequalities and create a lasting impact toward a more just and equitable world.
Having worked with various advocates and judges in different roles and forums, you eventually chose to pursue a career in the judiciary. What motivated you to take this step, and how did you approach preparing for the Delhi Judicial Services (DJS) exam, ultimately securing second rank nationwide?
My decision to pursue a career in the judiciary was shaped by two deeply personal influences: my family history and my professional journey.
My father grew up in a small village in Uttar Pradesh, where educational opportunities were nearly nonexistent. He walked miles barefoot to attend school and defied the odds to ensure his children had access to the opportunities he was denied. He often recounts how, in his community, the birth of a daughter was met with pity—a reflection of the deep-rooted gender biases that continue to persist. My mother, too, came from a traditional background where her decision to work full time faced resistance. Despite these challenges, my parents led by example, instilling in me a sense of resilience, perseverance and dedication towards public service. Throughout my career, I made decisions that were unfamiliar and, at times, difficult for my parents to understand. One such decision was my shift from science to law. This was a major transition, and at first, they were unsure about it. However, once they understood my motivations, they fully supported my choice. My parents then encouraged me to pursue the judiciary, seeing it as the perfect blend of public service and my desire to make a meaningful impact on the world.
Further, as a litigator and later a Law Clerk, I saw firsthand the judiciary’s vital role in society. For many, the courts represent the last hope when all other avenues have failed. Witnessing people place their trust in the system during moments of vulnerability left a profound impact on me. These experiences fueled my desire to contribute to a system that provides fairness and resolution to those in need. Joining the judiciary wasn’t just a career choice; it was an opportunity to serve, learn, and grow while making decisions that had tangible impacts on people’s lives.
Reflecting back, becoming the first judge from my father’s village remains a proud moment, not just for my family but for the community as well. It symbolized a shift, however small, in a deeply ingrained cultural narrative—the idea that daughters can rise to fulfill their potential and become agents of change. My father’s journey, from being pitied for having a daughter to celebrating her success, serves as a testament to what can happen when one refuses to be defined by societal limitations.
As far as the preparation of the judiciary goes: it taught me the importance of strategy and focus. Instead of overwhelming myself with an excess of resources, I prioritized the quality of information over quantity. Having clear and solid fundamentals was the key to my preparation. I relied on one or two trusted resources, studying them thoroughly rather than spreading myself thin across multiple materials. This approach not only deepened my understanding but also saved valuable time. When it came to writing the mains, I realized that efficiency mattered more than perfection. Focusing on presenting well-structured, concise answers was far more effective than chasing unattainable flawlessness.
As a Metropolitan Magistrate, you had a wide range of responsibilities. Could you describe some of your key duties in this role? Afterclose to three years in the judiciary, what factors led you to transition out of this career and move into your current position?
My journey in the Delhi judiciary began as a Metropolitan Magistrate in the Negotiable Instruments Court, where my primary responsibility was adjudicating cases under Section 138 of the NI Act. However, like most judicial roles, the work extended beyond just the allotted cases. As a duty magistrate, I handled interim orders, bails, and applications across various laws, including POCSO, IPC, and NDPS. The COVID-19 pandemic further shifted the landscape, introducing new responsibilities like regular prisonvisits to ensure the safety and health of inmates. Alongside this, the shift to digital hearings became a steep learning curve—not just for judges, but for all involved and it was fascinating to witness and be a part of that transformation. Throughout my tenure, I learned not just legal principles, but valuable life lessons. The responsibilities were not just about legal questions; they extended to understanding the deeper ethical and human aspects of justice. It reminded me of the words of the Alexandrian philosopher, Philo: “A judge must bear in mind that when he tries a case, he himself is on trial.”
After more than two and a half fulfilling years as a judge, I made the difficult decision to leave judiciary. It wasn’t an easy choice, but it was a necessary one for my personal growth stemming from a desire to expand my horizons and contribute on a larger scale. The experiences I had on the bench taught me that justice is not just about the law – it’s about transforming lives, and I wanted to create a broader, systemic change.
I recall a moment when I went back to my village after clearing the judiciary exam. I was greeted by a group of 30-40 men from my father’s and the surrounding villages – the first time they had ever seen a judge from their community. In a place where women traditionally cover their faces in the presence of men, this was an extraordinary scene. They had no questions for me, just a deep curiosity as to “what does a judge look like?” I found myself responding to them with a question of my own asking “If you had allowed girls to attend school, perhaps we would have had a judge from this village long ago.” There was a deep silence, and I could feel the weight of their realization. They had never considered the connection between education and opportunity.
It was a moment that profoundly impacted my perspective on the societal barriers we often overlook. It made me realize that systemic issues are deeply interconnected and cannot be solved in isolation. I saw firsthand how societal change requires addressing multiple levels—be it education, social equity, or gender norms. If I wanted to create lasting true societal and systematic change, it had to go beyond the courtroom. My parents’ own struggles to, against all odds, ensure my educationtaught me the power of challenging conventions and pushing boundaries. It became clear to me that the change I sought wasn’t just about interpreting laws; it was about creating environments where every person, regardless of their background, could thrive. This was not just about personal achievement—it was about changing the narrative for future generations.
How did your legal background and experience in the judiciary and litigation influence your shift into the field of corporate sustainability and social impact? What skills and insights from your previous roles have proven most valuable in your current position?
Ruth Bader Ginsburg famously said, “Fight for the things that you care about, but do it in a way that will lead others to join you.” For me, this wisdom became a guiding principle. During my second masters, I saw corporate sustainability as a way to channel my passion for justice into a broader, more integrated approach that not only held businesses accountable but also empowered them to make a positive impact. I knew that by shaping corporate practices to be more socially responsible, I could help create a future where both people and the planet were prioritized—not as an afterthought, but as a core part of business operations.
This transition wasn’t something I planned, but in many ways, it felt like a natural evolution. My time in the judiciary had always been about questioning the status quo—about examining how systems could be more just, inclusive, and equitable. The move into corporate sustainability felt like the next step in challenging conventional narratives. I wanted to challenge the notion that justice is confined to the courtroom, or that sustainability is just a buzzword used in boardrooms to appease shareholders. I believed it was time to reshape these narratives and make them more inclusive, impactful, and aligned with the needs of society and the planet. The skills I honed as both a judge and a lawyer have proven invaluable in my current position. As a judge, I learned how to critically analyze complex situations, weigh diverse perspectives, and make reasoned decisions with fairness and equity at the forefront. These skills are essential in navigating the complexities of corporate responsibility, where the stakes are high, and solutions require a delicate balance of stakeholder interests. As a lawyer, I gained a deep understanding of legal frameworks, negotiation tactics, and advocacy—tools that are indispensable when driving systemic change within corporate structures. My experience in the law and judiciary has shaped the way I think about systems and change. And now, through my present position at Beiersdorf, I believe I have the opportunity to drive that change in ways that are both impactful and lasting.
Looking back, I strongly believe that my journey from judiciary to corporate sustainability was rooted in my deep belief that meaningful change requires us to look beyond traditional roles and systems. More than the skills, it is my core values that have driven this transition. I’ve always believed in challenging conventional narratives, pushing boundaries, and seeking innovative, holistic solutions. In the end, this shift was about embracing a bigger vision of justice—one that extended beyond the courtroom and into the communities, and global marketplaces that shape our future.
During your time at the UNODC, you worked on the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. How did this experience shape your understanding of global governance, and how does it inform your current approach to driving social impact at Beiersdorf?
My experience with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), in the field of organized crime, significantly shaped my approach towards my future endeavors including the present one in corporate sustainability. At the UNODC, I gained insight into the complex, global nature of transnational crime and its profound social, economic, and environmental effects. I learned how systemic issues—such as poverty, corruption, and inequality—are interconnected, and addressing them requires coordinated, multi-dimensional solutions across borders, sectors, and institutions. I realized that social impact, whether through law enforcement or corporate responsibility, is not about solving isolated issues but addressing them holistically.
Furthermore, working at the UNODC taught me how to navigate complex international frameworks and collaborate with diverse stakeholders. This experience has been invaluable in my present position, where cross-sector collaboration is essential. Whether working with governments, NGOs, or businesses, I understand the power of collaboration in driving systemic change—just as international organizations do in addressing global challenges.
In summary, my time at the UNODC taught me the importance of a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder approach and a commitment to ethical practices. In my current role as Global Impact Strategy & Partnerships Manager at Beiersdorf, I draw heavily on these experiences. I leverage my understanding of interconnected challenges to design and implement strategies that integrate social impact into the corporate framework.The comprehensive perspective I gained at the UNODC ensures that the initiatives I work upon are rooted in a deep understanding of systemic challenges and guided by a commitment to ethical collaboration. By leveraging strategic partnerships, data-driven insights, and a focus on long-term change, I aim to contribute meaningfully to building a more just and inclusive society through corporate social impact.
Reflecting on your career so far, what has been the most rewarding project or initiative you’ve been a part of, and what made it particularly meaningful to you?
My career journey has been shaped by a range of diverse experiences that have both challenged and inspired me such as supporting landmark rulings during my time as a Law Clerk (Research Assistant) to then Chief Justice of India and supporting refugees, particularly women, with their integration process during my internship with the Afghanistan and Central Asian Association in London. These experiences, among others, have been both professionally rewarding and personally transformative for me.
However, when thinking about the most rewarding initiatives of my career, two specific projects stand out—both of which have impacted me and reaffirmed my passion for meaningful work.
The first initiative is a deeply personal experience I had while serving as a judge. I was tasked with adjudicating a more than six-years-old negotiable instrument (NI) case involving a senior citizen complainant, who was over 80 years old. This case had been delayed through the tenure of three judges, including myself, and was delayed further due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Throughout the trial, I witnessed the deep emotional toll that the long wait for justice had on the complainant. When the judgment was finally announced, it took him several moments to grasp that the case had come to a close in that court. He stared at me from a distance for several minutes; with tears and disbelief in his eyes. The case highlighted how complex legal processes, while necessary, can often obscure the truth, leaving the common person to struggle through a maze of procedural stages. For me, this case was a poignant reminder of the judiciary’s role in untangling these complexities and ensuring that true justice is served. The profound impact this experience had on me gave me a deeper understanding of the power the law holds in changing lives, particularly for those who need it most.
The second initiative that has had a deep and lasting impact on me is the Empowering Girls program I’ve worked on for the past two years at Beiersdorf. Focused on providing girls and young women in Africa, Asia, and Latin America with the resources and opportunities to unlock their potential, this initiative resonates deeply with me. Over the course of this initiative, I’ve seen firsthand how corporations can contribute to positive change by applying their resources, expertise, and networks in ways that support long-term development. Despite the challenges, the lessons my team and I have learned about the transformative power of this work have been invaluable. What makes this initiative so rewarding is not just the direct impact on our project participants, but the ripple effect it has had on their families and communities.
While these two projects may seem to come from different worlds—one from my role in the judiciary and the other from my work in the corporate sector—they both embody the same underlying principle: that meaningful impact doesn’t always follow a conventional path. Both experiences have reaffirmed my commitment to creating change and providing opportunities for others, no matter the sphere of influence. These initiatives have been incredibly rewarding, not only because they allowed me to make a difference but because they have been formative in shaping my understanding of how true impact is made: through persistence, compassion, and a commitment to justice.
With your unconventional career trajectory, what advice would you give to young professionals just starting out in their careers, particularly those interested in blending law, international relations, and corporate sustainability?
Like my career, my advice to young professionals—especially young lawyers—is a bit unconventional. Instead of focusing on exams or internships, I want to emphasize something more fundamental: your approach to your career as a whole.
Socrates once said, “The unexamined life is not worth living“. This idea has always resonated with me because I believe real growth happens when we question our paths, reflect on our choices, and dare to push beyond the limits that others set for us.
When I started my career, I faced a constant stream of advice telling me to take the “safe” and “secure” route—a government job, something stable and predictable. Coming from a middle-class family, the pressure to follow this path was immense. My family, like many others, also believed that a government job would guarantee security, respect, and a clear future. The idea of a secure, stable career was so ingrained in my surroundings that for the longest time I simply didn’t know there was any other way. But as I progressed in my career, I wanted to push the boundaries of what was possible. I wanted to step beyond the confines of what people around me thought I could achieve and challenge the very notion of what was “expected.” My ambition was to make an impact not just within a local or national framework, but on a global scale—something that would allow me to contribute to change at a broader, more meaningful level. I didn’t just want to follow the traditional path laid out for me—it was about following the one that aligned with my own passions and values.
This led to a significant turning point. I made the bold decision to leave my position as a judge, a role that many saw as secure and prestigious, and chose to pursue something far less conventional: corporate sustainability. This decision come with its challenges—leaving behind a stable, respected career to start anew in a foreign country was a huge leap. There were moments of doubt. I faced resistance from those who believed I was throwing away a secure future. But it has also been one of the most fulfilling decisions of my life. Every step of this journey has been an opportunity to learn, to grow, and to discover a deeper sense of purpose. It’s shown me that sometimes, the path less traveled holds the most rewarding experiences.
My advice to young professionals—especially young women—is simple, though it might not always be easy: trust your own journey. Growing up, there’s often pressure to follow the “safe” path—specific jobs, predictable roles, and stability. But the truth is, those paths don’t define your worth or your potential. I know many of us feel boxed in by societal expectations.
But here’s something I’ve learned from my journey: many of the limitation’s society places on us—especially on women—are simply the consequence of restrictive viewpoints. We are told which careers are “appropriate,” which dreams are “too big,” and which ambitions are “unrealistic”. But your potential is yours to define. The journey might not always be straightforward—there might be struggles, financial challenges, or familial expectations—but there’s immense value in questioning, reflecting, and finding your own way, no matter how unconventional it may seem. Yes, stability is important, but success isn’t just about job security. It’s about finding a path that aligns with your values, passions, and strengths. And if that path feels risky, even unreasonable, then so be it.
As George Bernard Shaw famously said, “The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.” I’ve always believed that the world needs the “unreasonable ones”—the ones who persist in trying to shape the world to their vision rather than simply conforming to what’s expected.
So, be unreasonable. Dream big, take risks, and stay true to what feels right for you. Your journey may not always follow a straight path, but that’s where the real growth happens. Embrace the unknown and let it shape you into the person you’re meant to become.
Could you share how you first became interested in technology, artificial intelligence, and social good? What inspired you to start your career, and how has your journey evolved over time?
My interest in technology, Artificial Intelligence and Social good sprung out of my curiosity to make the world a better place. Growing up I had always imagined how the First World War and the second world wars were fought including the humanitarian casualties. The use of guns, bullets, war planes and bombs were human inventions used to exterminate humanity. My human rights background as a lawyer further advanced knowledge on human rights violations and the perils of crisis and wars occasioned by technology with the ultimate victim being humanity. Hence, I wanted to see how we can channel human innovation on tech and artificial intelligence to advance social good and human coexistence. I believed that without humans, tech is nothing and without tech our lives can’t be transformed to meet modern challenges. A harmonious interaction between tech and humanity will create a better world for all.
The journey so far in technology and artificial intelligence for social good has been one with a lot of positives. Though while there have been amazing opportunities, success stories but equally there have been setbacks as well. In all it’s been a journey with grit and determination and placing self-belief above every challenge. There have been a lot of lessons learned, experience to pick up and grow with.
You are an advocate for bridging the inclusion gap for marginalized communities. How do you ensure that underrepresented groups have a voice in the rapidly evolving field of technology and AI?
While the issue of inclusion is a global challenge little has been done to bridge this. As an advocate and firm believer of inclusion I have been able to bridge the inclusion gap through several projects and initiatives. I have carried out AI and tech for good advocacy projects in citadels of learning from primary, Secondary and universities.
To give more persons in education a voice in AI, informed the AI club in these institutions whereby students can belong to and co-create ideas in AI. I also established the AI Journal to encourage research work in the field of AI and tech for good. In addition, I have established two awards for the best graduating student in AI and the best AI Innovator. This is done to encourage scholarship in AI amongst students.
I created an AI and tech community in marginalized areas to galvanize efforts in AI in rural areas and communities. I organized the first of its kind AI in Slums to give those living in slums a chance to understand AI and have practical hands-on experience. I carried out AI advocacy in local languages in diverse communities.
Also, through my AI podcast initiative those in marginalized communities have a chance to express their views about AI and learn more on how they can contribute to the growth of AI.
Africa4dev focuses on leveraging AI for social good. Can you share a specific project or initiative where you successfully applied AI to address societal challenges? What were the outcomes?
Through our AI training for Civil Servants in Government Ministries we have been able to achieve sustainable digitalization. Also our AI in Journalism project has trained journalists and reporters to report on unethical practices inherent in technology systems in the global south thereby keeping watch over inhumane tech practices and putting tech companies and developers in check.
In furtherance of achieving a veritable legal human centered framework for AI, we created an AI Policy for social good to the legislative arm of government in Rivers State as well as train the officials on the rudiments of AI legislation and best global practices. This solved the challenges of lack of legal provisions governing AI and tech development.
The challenges of insecurity in the state required use of modern technology and AI systems. Our AI training initiative for Security personnels on use of AI surveillance systems helped tackle incessant security challenges.
Our AI for rural health in communities Project ensures we partnered with different health organizations to bring health solutions to remote communities. This ensured people get quality health care services irrespective of their location.
As a mentor at platforms like “All Tech is Human” and “Deep Indaba Africa,” what are the key lessons you impart to emerging AI enthusiasts, and how does mentoring contribute to the overall growth of AI in Africa?
Mentoring in top organizations like the All Tech is Human and Deep Indaba Africa was an opportunity to educate mentees and AI enthusiasts on diverse areas of ethical challenges of AI. Key lessons were centered on how they can become a voice in advocacy for AI for social good, adopting a learning curve to grow in the field of AI, being a willing learner and having a mindset of making an impact in their world. I made them understand that AI has its own shortcomings, and that human oversight is what will make AI serve us not otherwise.
Mentorship is essential if AI is to thrive in the global south. Africa has a lot of young and vibrant youths, and this is an advantage it possesses over others. However, without proper mentoring of these youth on AI, it is difficult to achieve digitalization. The people must be part of the process and not run away from it.
Mentorship ensures the youths are guided in diverse AI and tech fields and this enables them to contribute their knowledge to AI and tech growth in Africa. AI is a foreign concept and for it to thrive in Africa in Africa we must localize it through mentorship of Africans to understand its use, limitations, design, development and deployment. Africans need to be more involved in AI conversations.
During your participation in the Women Techmakers Port Harcourt Conference, you advocated for inclusion and gender equality in tech. How do you believe AI can help bridge the gender gap, and what challenges do we still face in achieving equality in the tech space?
My participation at the Women Techmakers Port Harcourt Conference was one that centered on inclusion and gender equality and this is because AI has the potential to either widen the already existing inclusion gap or reduce it. AI can help identify existing biases and discriminatory practices in AI systems used in recruitment, training and promotion in the employment sector for instance.
AI can be used to empower marginalized groups as women through remote learning to obtain digital skills and training especially in regions where women do not have equal access to education and training. Also nursing mothers can continue to work via remote work through AI systems enabling them to keep up with their male counterparts while at same time effectively discharging their home duties.
AI can also help government and civil society organizations make informed decisions on areas of existential gender inequality towards addressing and curbing this trend.
Challenges:
The challenges in achieving equality in the tech space include the prevalence of social and cultural beliefs which places men more preferred in pursuing STEM careers. Also workplace norms can place value more on men in tech than women. In developing countries particularly in Africa, women are at a disadvantage in accessing resources and opportunities needed to thrive in the tech field. Lack of financial, education, and mentorship to embark on tech is far reaching on the female gender.
Also, the existence of bias in AI algorithms means that most AI systems are already programmed and trained on biased datasets which do not favour women. The results of this is that women are subjected to discriminatory policies and biased outcomes.
The underrepresentation of women in active tech roles is a major concern and a hindrance to gender equality in tech. Few women are actively involved in the design, development and deployment of tech systems and this results in a one gender sided perspective in technology designs.
In what ways do you believe your work at Africa4dev is empowering the next generation of leaders and innovators? How do you envision AI shaping the future of education and workforce development in Africa?
At the Africa tech for development Initiative-Africa4dev we are advancing responsible technology and Artificial Intelligence for social good through areas of research, innovation, policy development, education and advocacy.
We believe that the future is now hence our mission to promote ethical tech and collaboration for sustainable development. At Africa4dev our work is significantly empowering the next generation of leaders and innovators through several ways such as promotion of AI literacy accessible to youth through training programs and partnership with Universities and integrating AI into school curriculums. This empowers young Africans with skills and knowledge needed to thrive in a digital economy.
The introduction of our student awards for innovation fosters competition and creativity amongst students as well as encourages them to practically apply this knowledge thereby nurturing to be able to solve local and global challenges through AI.
Our work in digital workforce development aims to bridge the skills gap that exists between education and the demands of the current and future job market. This will ensure youths are ready to face the challenges of the future as well as create solutions to future challenges. Also, by empowering marginalized communities, Africa4dev is ensuring that no one is left behind in the digital revolution.
No doubt Africa’s education and workforce development is undergoing vast transformation and the future is promising. AI would play an integral role in education through personalized learning, easy access to digital tools and education resources making learning more accessible to all, especially those in remote communities.
African workforce will need to digitally adapt to contemporary global best wishes practices hence the ongoing wave of AI and tech awareness in Africa will position her to compete favourably globally. This is even more possible as Africa has one of the highest populations of youths globally.
There would be a need for the future workforce to constantly upskill due to the dynamic nature of technology. This would become essential to enable adaptive and sustainable workforce in a future driven by tech.
Also, there would be more increased collaboration and partnership between academia and the private sector industry in Africa. This will ensure the youths and workforce remain on track to compete both locally and internationally. We also envision a future of inclusive and equitable growth where every youth irrespective of background or geography will have unhindered equal access to technology education and workforce opportunities.
As a lawyer who has successfully transitioned into Tech and AI, what key strategies would you recommend for other lawyers to remain relevant in the Fourth Industrial Revolution?
To remain relevant in the Fourth Industrial Revolution a lawyer must learn, relearn and unlearn. The world is changing rapidly and new ideas are replacing the old order. A lawyer who fails to adapt will be left behind in this revolution. Hence the need to be abreast with developments in tech and see how modern tech and AI trends have aligned with law to improve legal practice. This requires having an open mind to learn the new and embellish the old ways of law practice. In a dynamic tech driven world, a lawyer must understand the role and need for educating himself and upskilling where necessary. A lawyer must embrace innovations in tech and AI that can aid the legal profession while being open to more knowledge outside the law.
Do you believe lawyers are well-suited for roles in Artificial Intelligence and tech-driven industries? What unique skills do they bring to these fields?
The law profession is a versatile one and a lawyer is trained to be a willing learner. Hence lawyers are well suited for a plethora of roles in Artificial Intelligence and tech driven industries. Lawyers bring the skills of ethical evaluation of Artificial Intelligence, tech systems and their algorithms and ensure whether they comply or violate ethical guidelines and standards by way of bias, discrimination, privacy issues, inequality and harm by ensuring transparency and accountability.
Also, lawyers are useful in the field of AI governance and Policy framework. Without the deep legal knowledge of lawyers, it will be difficult to come up with a comprehensive legal framework to guardrail AI development. Lawyers also play prominent roles in ensuring that tech organizations and companies have and comply with their own AI governance mechanism.
Data privacy is at the heart of many AI-driven applications. Lawyers bring a detailed understanding of data protection laws, such as the GDPR and CCPA, and help ensure that AI systems comply with privacy regulations. They can also advise on cybersecurity regulations, helping to protect the integrity and confidentiality of data of companies and organizations.
As governments increasingly turn their attention to regulating AI, there’s a growing need for legal professionals who can shape public policy. Lawyers can engage in lobbying, advising on legislation, or working within governmental bodies to advocate for balanced, forward-looking regulations that foster innovation while protecting public interests.
Protecting innovations through patents, copyrights, and trademarks is a core concern for tech companies, especially in AI, where new algorithms, machine learning models, and software are continually developed. Lawyers with expertise in IP law and tech can help tech firms safeguard their proprietary technology, handle licensing issues, and navigate complex IP disputes.
Could you share some of the key steps or strategies that helped you successfully transition from traditional law to a career in tech? What were the biggest challenges, and how did you overcome them?
One key step to transforming from track law to a career in tech is self-belief. If you believe in yourself, dreams and competence you are halfway there. Belief holds about 50% of one’s success in any endeavour. With the belief to upskill and succeed I proceeded to identify areas of tech that align with my deep interest. Which became Artificial Intelligence. Thereafter I underwent rigorous training and learning on Artificial intelligence, obtained certifications, attended several seminars and conferences on AI, offered volunteering in organizations and this earned me vast experience. In addition, I constantly updated my knowledge as the tech field is dynamic. I equally showed up by being visible in the tech space, made research contributions, spoke at local and global conferences and summits, attended seminars and initiated tech projects in my field.
The biggest challenge I experienced was not having a mentor to guide me into the new field of tech. I had to claw myself from knowing nothing about tech to being where I am today. Also, I faced the challenge of embarking on a novel field that is relatively unknown hence I was dissuaded against upskilling into AI as many feared it wasn’t a profitable area for a lawyer. However, I held my ground and I was able to overcome these challenges through firm self-belief, having a well-structured plan to upskill into a new niche as Artificial Intelligence, then having the willingness to learn every day and show up even if the ovation isn’t there. I’m glad it turned out to be one of the best decisions I have made.
With such a busy and impactful career, how do you find time to unwind, and what activities help you recharge and maintain a healthy work-life balance?
I understand that the mind is the engine that propels great ideas and having a good work-life balance is crucial hence I find time out of my busy schedule to unwind always. I relax by reading novels, seeing movies and taking a walk. I also enjoy good music and watch football or play table tennis over the weekends. In my spare time I visit the gym to keep fit. These help me to be mentally, physically and emotionally ready for the work ahead.
Your career has spanned almost 15 years before the international courts, with significant cases including the destruction of cultural heritage. Can you share what initially inspired you to pursue a career in international law and what has kept you motivated throughout?
Living in New Zealand as a teenager in the 1990s, I saw the tragedies in Bosnia and Rwanda and wanted to do something about it. As I learned about the international criminal courts, I realised that was a means of taking action against the perpetrators of the worst crimes, including in those countries. Eventually I secured a position prosecuting international cases before those courts. My motivation was fueled by a sense of injustice and then later from meetings with victims who explained the impact these crimes had on their lives. Working with people from all over the world was also an inspiration. From Italy to India and everywhere in-between, you end up on teams with a huge range of backgrounds and legal traditions, which generates creative ideas as well as the odd procedural dispute. The international criminal courts face many challenges and the work can be frustrating. But ultimately there is no question that justice needs to be done for these atrocity crimes and that’s a major motivation.
As the Chair Rapporteur of the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, what new dimensions or insights have you gained in the field of human rights and international law that were perhaps less visible in your earlier career?
As the Chair-Rapporteur, I see the organisational aspects of improving human rights practices. One of the key insights has been the importance of clear and open communication. A lot of problems can be avoided with regular and frank exchanges of information and communication helps to focus on the most serious issues which are directly affecting the victims. Closely linked to this is the need for inter-personal skills and empathy. When you are dealing with cases of persons arbitrarily detained for months and sometimes years, often in countries where they have no family, you have to picture the world from their perspective in order to understand the gravity of the threats and uncertainty they are facing.
Your work has involved prosecuting cases related to environmental harm at the International Criminal Court. How do you see the relationship between international criminal law and environmental protection evolving, and what key lessons have you learned from these cases?
When I started writing about the International Criminal Court prosecuting environmental harm, it was just a theoretical idea. However, in 2024, prosecuting environmental harm under international law is becoming a reality. Significantly, three small island States (Vanuatu, Samoa, Fiji) have officially tabled the crime of genocide for inclusion at the ICC as the fifth crime along with war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and aggression. This year has also seen the Office of the Prosecutor initiate a policy on the prosecution of environmental harm. International law is useful to combat threats to the environment, as it typically focuses on large-scale crimes committed by groups of people. However, there are many challenges in transposing international criminal law to the environmental context. The courts are not ecological research centers, and so there will be a lot of lessons to learn. My main observation is that experts from sciences should be brought in to avoid the law being applied on incorrect foundations. I also propose that the definition of ecocide needs to be carefully formulated to ensure that it is clear as to what is covered (and what is not) and that it provides fair notice to people and organisations as to what conduct is included.
In your opinion, how can international law be better utilized to combat rising global challenges such as climate change, digital privacy violations, and arbitrary detention, while ensuring justice for marginalized communities?
International law requires enforcement. For that to occur, international courts must be strengthened. In particular, States such as the USA, Russia, China and India should join the International Criminal Court. Bodies such as the United Nations Human Rights Special Procedures should be strongly reinforced, with sufficient resources and binding powers to improve human rights adherence.
As someone who has published widely and won prestigious academic awards, what advice would you give to young legal scholars who want to balance research, writing, and a practical legal career?
For young lawyers and legal scholars, I highly recommend taking the time to research and write about legal issues that interest you. It’s one thing to work on a legal case but another to write about the broader context and the meaning of the laws and principles involved. If there are issues which strike your sense of justice or injustice, then there is likely to a scholarly question to examine. Balancing professional work and scholarship can be difficult, but the two facets reinforce each other. And it’s important to pass on what you learn to future generations of lawyers and human rights advocates.
For young professionals and students in international law, what would you say are the most crucial skills and knowledge they should develop, considering the evolving landscape of global justice, human rights, and environmental protection?
Young lawyers and students need to learn the fundamentals, such as the essential fair trial rights, while also developing an awareness of the emerging digital tools which can help them in their work. In terms of skills, good writing is critical. Take the time to follow a course on writing proficiency, as it is such a central skill in most roles. More importantly, clear writing reflects clear thinking, which is required more than ever at this time of crisis around many parts of the World.
You have contributed extensively to scholarly literature, what are the key gaps in international law research that you believe need to be addressed by future legal scholars?
Gaps in the literature on international law and human rights exist in relation to the procedures that ensure accurate fact-finding and in relation to measuring the impact of human rights work. All too often, it’s presumed that well-expressed and benignly motivated human rights conclusions will flow into enhanced human rights adherence by governments. However, that is a contestable claim, and more attention needs to be paid to measuring the impact of human rights work.
As a Senior Lecturer at the University of Essex, how do you integrate your extensive practical experience in international law into your teaching, and what key lessons do you hope to impart to your students about the future of global justice?
My teaching at the University of Essex is highly interactive. I encourage my students to extemporize and to be prepared to support their claims with arguments and evidence. I also encourage them to develop the ability to entertain a contrary position in order to fully explore its strengths and weaknesses. Getting on the feet to present an argument animates the students and engages their uptake of the information that I’m trying to convey. Finally, I try to remind students that there are real people at the ends of the procedures, often languishing in detention, and so working efficiently and expeditiously is critical.
Looking ahead, how do you foresee the role of international law in addressing global challenges like artificial intelligence and cyber warfare, both of which have the potential to drastically alter traditional notions of conflict and justice?
We don’t need to look too far ahead to realise that cyber warfare and AI can revolutionalise major areas of human activity. Already, we have seen cyber strikes used in various conflicts, and increasingly it is being integrated into conventional warfare. AI can add digital steroids to human online activity. The potential benefits and efficiency gains are immense. But the risks of misuse, whether advertent or inadvertent, are real and pressing. Efforts are being made to have international law address AI. But a lot of work will be required to create any form of international law that can enforce restrictions on the misuse of AI – and the axiomatic importance of protecting free expression and liberty must always be borne in mind.
With such a demanding career in international law and human rights, how do you find time to unwind, and what hobbies or activities help you maintain balance in your personal and professional life?
Keeping a balance between work and home life is important, especially when working on grave matters like atrocity crimes. My family keeps me grounded, and I enjoy sitting down with them to hear about their school and work days. Whereas I used to play a variety of sports, most of my activities now revolve around the family. But I still make time to watch the New Zealand All Blacks rugby team play whenever I can.
Can you share how you began your career in law and what motivated you to pursue this path? Was there someone who inspired or motivated you to make a career in Law?
I have seen my father crusading the cause of litigants, most of whom were poor and oppressed, and his commitment to the cause of justice, irrespective of whether his clients could pay his fees. With his excellence as a private counsel, who rose to the position of the Chief Standing Counsel for the State, rescuing public departments from many a piquant situation that arose during his tenure, I held him (and still keep him) as my role model and therefore I had no ambition, no aspiration, no other option but to study law and to serve and aid the ailing humanity with the power of Law.
With over 25 years of diverse experience in the legal field, what significant changes have you observed in the practice of law?
The technological developments worldwide have lessened the gap between fellow humans across the globe and social interactions which now happen worldwide on various social media platforms have not only broadened the horizons for budding lawyers but have enhanced their capacities and abilities. In olden times, legal research which mandated visits to libraries, and reading through books, journals and digests is now available with the click of a mouse. The information, which is available freely on the world wide web can be accessed by anyone and everyone, but then, there is certainly a word of caution for those who just believe in cut and paste, as many times, deceptive websites may offer a concocted information which may land the user in trouble. Technology and Law go hand in hand, but so do caution and care, which need to be exercised by those using technology to aid their research.
In your private legal practice, you have handled various cases in Family Laws, Civil, and Criminal Litigation. Can you share a memorable case and its impact on your professional growth?
Post Covid, there has been a spurt in cases relating to matrimonial relationships where the couple fight a concerted battle, which results in multiple FIRs being filed from either sides and related litigation in the form of a maintenance case, a case under Domestic Violence Act also being agitated in courts of law. A close look at the cases would reveal that these cases are mostly an outcome of an ego clash between the spouses where the role of an Advocate is more of a counsellor, who must use his skills to mediate and bring the parties to a consensus as, in a matrimonial case, and the cases that ensue, it is not only the couple which suffers, it is their families which suffer the trauma. In my role as an Advocate in matrimonial cases, I have successfully closed dozens of cases brought about an amicable settlement between the parties, withdrawn criminal cases, ensuring a better tomorrow for the estranged couple, by way of an agreement that created a win-win for the estranged couple.
A Memorable case that I would share related to a frantic phone call to me from a lady, a mother whose daughter aged about 13 years, complained of stomach ache and was taken to a nearby hospital where it was revealed that the girl child was pregnant and was carrying a live foetus. The family extremely poor, was devastated. On our intervention and request made to the SP, an FIR was registered and the culprit was arrested and sent to judicial custody. The bigger concern was the pregnancy which would have cost the girl child, her life. We coordinated, got a petition filed in the High Court and procured permission to abort the foetus, at state expenses. Post this traumatic incident, we handheld the girl, ensured that she was treated well and left her home, while also ensuring the payment of a compensation of 3.00 Lacs from the government, which would go a long way in sustaining her in the drama called life. All this was done gratis, pro-bono for which not a single penny was charged from the family/child.
Another memorable achievement, which is worth sharing, is the case of tourist guides of the all-famous Husainabad Trust, which owns the majestic and most beautiful monuments of Lucknow, the cultural hub of north India, and includes the signature monument of Lucknow – Rumi Darwaza, Asafi Imambada and Bhool Bhulayya, Chota Imambada etc. These tourist guides were not even paid the wages that were payable to an unskilled worker. At their request, we took up their cause pro-bono and ensured the grant of the minimum pay scale to these lesser privileged brethren, besides other social security initiatives, an effort which was lauded worldwide.
Having worked both as an in-house counsel and as an independent advocate, can you share your experiences and insights on the distinct challenges and rewards of each role, and how they have shaped your overall legal perspective?
Having aced my academics with distinction (Securing First Place in the LL.B. Examination from Jamia Millia Islamia and then having topped the Merit list of LL.M. from the University of Lucknow, securing 2 gold medals), I always craved knowledge on the working of the public as well as private institutions and I spent a considerable time, working for a central government PSU and a corporate giant, heading their legal wing. I learnt that while in government, officers are only conscious about saving their skin and trying how to delay and thereby stall a project (as one only becomes accountable when a particular action that is taken turns bad after a few years, making those who initiated and concluded the said appraisal vulnerable) private sector is just the reverse. The private sector is result/solution oriented, meaning thereby that the private sector understands the concerns and procedural hiccups but an in-house counsel is required to provide solutions on how to get a project going. In the private sector, it is the result that matters and the result is the determinant of the continuance of a job in a private entity, notwithstanding the business group which controls it.
The learnings from both the government and provide sectors which I have gathered through these formative years of my professional career are helping me in discharging my functions as a private counsel, as I understand the concerns and issues of both these enterprises and have an edge on my peers who are less aware on how the decision making takes place on these divergent sides. This knowledge and understanding help me serve my clients in a better and promising manner.
Your work in the preservation of heritage monuments in Lucknow is well-known. What inspired you to take up this cause, and what has been your most rewarding experience in this area?
Protecting and preserving culture, which is a determinant of an individual’s personality is a fundamental duty of every Indian, and when I work towards the concertation and preservation of monuments, I do so in the discharge and fulfilment of my fundamental duty. The monuments of Lucknow and adjoining districts are uniquely distinct and have an aura that resonates once you even have a cursory glance over them. These monuments have always fascinated me as a child and I used to fight with my friends who would scribble on the monuments. The fascination turned into a passion when in the year 2008, I was entrusted with a monument (Mausoleum of King Amjad Ali Shah, Hazratganj, Lucknow constructed in 1847) as a trustee appointed by the State Waqf Board. In a struggle that ensued, it transpired that the monument, which was a centrally protected monument was obscured, vandalised and on the verge of an imminent collapse, forming a part of the “Lost Monument” of Lucknow. Since neither the Wakf Board, nor the earlier committee of the Waqf had any documentation regarding this monument, the RTI Act came to our rescue and the RTI Applications we filed before the concerned authorities, visits to the Archives, regular follow-ups with the authorities resulted in the initiation of action, initially with the removal of encroachments from within and around the monument, and then its conservation and preservation, as a result whereof, the monument now stands restored as a live monument. Unfortunately, during the first COVID lockdown, the outer gate of the monument crumbled down, which has also now been fully repaired and conserved as a result of our efforts and follow-ups with the concerned stakeholders. The most rewarding moment was being adjudged “One Man Preservation Movement” by the internationally acclaimed magazine “The Economist” in Oct 2016.
The learnings gathered from the Mausoleum of King Amjad Ali Shah are now being replicated for the other similarly situated monuments of Lucknow which are equally vandalised, encroached and unkempt. I am confident that I shall be able to ensure a proper conservation of our cultural heritage, with guidance from the Hon’ble High Court where my PIL on this count is engaging regular attention of the Hon’ble High Court whose intervention is proving to be a boon for the monuments and their conservation.
Your research on the Allahabad High Court Rules led to a significant amendment. What drove you to undertake this research, and what impact has it had on the legal community? Please share some insights if you can.
An Advocate, to be able to do justice with his profession, has to be inquisitive. In my endeavour to secure the rights of my fellow citizens, I came across this provision of the Allahabad High Court Rules in the form of Chapter XVIII Rule 18(3)(a) which mandated a 10 days notice to the Government Advocate (to enable him to seek instructions from the districts regarding criminal antecedents of the bail applicants and instructions on the said applications). This notice period was necessary before the bail application was placed before the Hon’ble Court for hearing. This rule indicated the deprivation of the right to life and personal liberty of an individual sans “due process of law”. This intrigued me and I initiated research on the subject, studying similar rules across the country only to note that no rule akin to this patently unjust rule existed in any High Court across the country, irrespective of geographical areas of the states. The rule was therefore challenged before the Hon’ble Supreme Court, by way of a PIL which was drafted after thorough research and in terms of the directions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the Rule was amended from 10 days to 2 days, to the respite of thousands of those who languished in jails without hearing, for a minimum period of 10 days, which even extended further on account of procedural technicalities. The rule that stood in the rulebook for almost 4 decades was not challenged and led to the deprivation of the rights of scores of citizens. This in fact, is my contribution towards my fellow citizens and profession which I cherish.
Winning the prestigious Changemaker Award for five consecutive years is a remarkable achievement. How did these awards influence your work and inspire others?
The corporate sector, especially the larger companies with substantial turnover has a CSR wing, adhering to a legal mandate, and some of these companies including the Bharti group get involved in several far-reaching social initiatives and walk the talk by motivating their personnel towards public causes. I, for one, have been a Samaritan for whom public service and aiding the ailing humanity has been a priority had been crusading for many public causes all through, which were identified by the company’s foundation which enlisted my socially oriented individual efforts in the category for in-house professionals and post a detailed review which comprised of a committee of distinguished personnel and social activists selected globally, my initiatives were found laudable and creditworthy and they were rewarded by way of Changemaker Awards 5 years in a row, till I switched to a different role and reverted to hardcore advocacy.
As a visiting faculty at various institutions, what key lessons do you impart to your students, and how do you prepare them for a successful legal career? Also, what advice would you give to young legal professionals who are just starting their careers in the current legal landscape?
We, Indians have proven acumen and are conscious about our rights and reach the authorities whenever any of our rights are infringed, seeking prompt redress. While agitating for our rightful claims is our right, we have an equally important set of duties that are enshrined in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution. Unfortunately, most of my fellow countrymen are hardly aware of these duties and those who are aware, do not perform these duties. In all my interactions with the students and officers, I always insist that we must not only read, understand and perform the fundamental duties, but also imbibe upon our younger generation, especially the budding lawyers to inculcate these fundamental duties in our persona, and I am confident that if we do so, our country shall gradually rise and shine, becoming a world leader, a position which we aspire for and rightly deserve.
The young lawyers who are about to enter the unfathomable legal profession need to know that there is no alternative to hard work, and their interactions with the clients and the needy need to start with a notebook in their hands, where they need to give a patient hearing to the concerned, note down the concerns and then decide upon the course of action suited for a particular situation.
Outside of your professional life, what personal hobbies or interests do you pursue, and how do they influence your approach to your legal practice?
My personal hobbies include social interactions, reading and writing and these hobbies enable me to learn the human values of commitment, dedication, and devotion and to a larger role of a social reformer which an Advocate has to play as a person who is not only leaned but also knows how to interpret laws and write the petitions aimed at aiding the ailing humanity. The knack of a lawyer as a crusader for the rights of the poor and the oppressed is beautifully expressed by poet Waseem Barelvi when he writes :
Dr. Anthony, with such an impressive and diverse list of roles – Advocate, Human Rights Activist, TEDx Speaker, and more – could you share with our readers a bit about the journey that led you to wear so many hats?
My journey began in a very humble setting in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. Growing up in a poor family, I had to work from a young age, selling newspapers and working in small shops to support my family while pursuing my education. This early exposure to hardship instilled in me a deep sense of empathy and a desire to fight for justice. My legal education and subsequent practice as an advocate opened up avenues for me to address issues I deeply care about, such as human rights and social justice. Over time, my roles expanded naturally as I found myself addressing these issues in various capacities – be it as a lawyer, activist, or speaker. Each role complements the other, enabling me to make a broader impact.
Juggling between being a lawyer, human rights activist, and so much more must be quite a feat. How do you maintain a balance between your legal profession and your various social and humanitarian roles?
It indeed requires a delicate balance, but the key lies in passion and prioritization. My legal profession and humanitarian roles are interconnected, as both strive towards the common goal of justice and human dignity. I allocate specific times for my legal practice, social work, and speaking engagements, ensuring that each receives the attention it deserves. Effective time management and a dedicated team also play crucial roles in helping me manage these diverse responsibilities without compromising on any.
Your dedication to human rights is evident not only in your professional life but also through your social work in tribal and underprivileged areas. What motivates you to spend a significant amount of your time in these communities, both nationally and internationally?
The motivation stems from my early life experiences and the realization of the stark inequalities that exist in our society. Spending time in tribal and underprivileged areas allows me to directly engage with and understand the challenges faced by these communities. It’s one thing to advocate for human rights from a distance, but it’s entirely different to be on the ground, witnessing the struggles and triumphs of the people. This direct engagement fuels my passion and commitment to making a tangible difference in their lives.
As a dynamic criminal advocate and human rights ambassador, you’ve spoken at TEDx. Can you share a moment in your career that you consider a turning point or a particularly proud achievement?
One significant turning point was when I founded the All India Council of Human Rights, Liberties & Social Justice (AICHLS). This platform has allowed me to channel my efforts more systematically and mobilize support for various human rights causes. Another proud moment was speaking at TEDx, where I could share my journey and inspire others to join the fight for justice and equality. Receiving the “International Human Rights Awards” and honorary doctorates were also affirmations of the impact of my work and further motivated me to continue my advocacy.
You’ve been recognized with several awards, including honorary doctorates and the “International Human Rights Awards.” How do such accolades fuel your commitment to the causes you champion?
These accolades serve as important validations of the work being done and the causes being championed. They bring attention to critical human rights issues and inspire others to join the movement. For me, these recognitions are not just honors but also reminders of the responsibilities that come with them. They reinforce my commitment to continue advocating for those who cannot speak for themselves and to push for systemic changes that uphold human dignity and justice.
In addition to your legal practice, you founded the International Human Rights Advisory Council. Can you tell us more about the council’s mission and some of the key initiatives it has undertaken?
The International Human Rights Advisory Council aims to promote and protect human rights globally through education, advocacy, and direct intervention. One of our key initiatives is providing free legal aid to marginalized communities, ensuring they have access to justice. We also run awareness campaigns on issues such as child rights, women’s rights, and the right to education. Additionally, we collaborate with other organizations to address human trafficking and violence against women. Our mission is to create a world where every individual can live with dignity and freedom.
How has your venture, Legal and Legal Associates, made a significant difference in people’s lives by providing free legal aid, intersected with your role as a criminal lawyer, and can you share a challenging or interesting case where your dedication and skills played a crucial role in securing justice?
Legal and Legal Associates has been instrumental in providing free legal aid to those who cannot afford it, ensuring that justice is accessible to all. One particularly challenging case involved a group of tribal women who were falsely accused of theft. My team and I worked tirelessly to gather evidence, advocate for their rights, and eventually secure their acquittal. This case highlighted the intersection of my roles as a criminal lawyer and human rights activist, demonstrating the impact of dedicated legal advocacy in protecting the vulnerable.
How does your commitment to fostering understanding through the World Inter-Faith Council for Peace & Human Rights align with your initiatives like “Giving with Compassion,” and how do you envision the intersection of human rights and interfaith dialogue inspiring individuals to contribute to social causes on an individual level for a more peaceful world?
The World Inter-Faith Council for Peace & Human Rights and “Giving with Compassion” both stem from the belief that understanding and empathy are crucial for social harmony. Interfaith dialogue promotes respect for diverse beliefs and fosters a sense of shared humanity. By encouraging individuals to look beyond their differences and unite for common causes, we can inspire them to contribute to social justice initiatives. The intersection of human rights and interfaith dialogue is powerful because it not only addresses legal and social issues but also nurtures the moral and ethical dimensions of peace and justice.
How has your journey as a change maker shaped your approach to navigating the complexities of international relations as a diplomat and advocate, all while realizing the profound impact that an individual can have on society?
My journey has taught me that change starts with individuals who are willing to challenge the status quo and advocate for justice. As a diplomat and advocate, I approach international relations with a focus on collaboration and mutual respect. Understanding cultural nuances and building alliances are key to addressing global human rights issues. Realizing the impact one individual can have inspired me to continue pushing for systemic changes and mobilizing others to join the cause. It’s about creating ripples that lead to broader societal transformations.
On a more personal note, can you share a hobby or interest that you turn to for relaxation and rejuvenation amidst your busy schedule? How does it complement your work-life balance?
I find solace in reading and meditation. Reading allows me to explore new perspectives and ideas, which is essential for my work as an advocate and speaker. Meditation helps me maintain mental clarity and emotional balance, enabling me to handle the various demands of my roles effectively. These hobbies provide me with the necessary downtime to recharge and stay focused on my mission.
Aside from your professional endeavors, we’ve heard that you are involved in teaching and training. What advice do you have for aspiring advocates and human rights activists entering the field today?
My advice to aspiring advocates and human rights activists is to stay committed to the cause, no matter how challenging it may seem. Dedication, hard work, and perseverance are crucial. Always remain empathetic and understand the struggles of those you are advocating for. Continuous learning and staying informed about legal and social issues will equip you to be effective in your efforts. Lastly, never underestimate the power of collaboration and building networks, as collective action can amplify your impact.
Can you share with us your journey into the field of law, from your early education to your current role as General Counsel of Tata Industries? What inspired you to pursue a career in law?
From the early days of my education, I was a keen student of History and Political Science, finally graduating with Honours in History from Lady Shri Ram College for Women under Delhi University. At college I was enthused with the ideals of human rights, rule of law and gender equality. I was fortunate to be able to channelise my interests in my professional journey which started with my LL.B degree from Mumbai University and very recently been admitted as a Solicitor in England & Wales.
With your experience spanning both law firms and in-house counsel roles, what differences do you find in the challenges and opportunities presented by each environment? How did these experiences shape your approach to legal practice?
Practice of law remains constant in both these environments. Considering in-house counsels as ‘legal managers’ is a thing of the past. According to me, the key difference between the two is that in private practice, you work from transaction to transaction, whereas in an in-house role, you are much closer to the business and as such have greater ownership of the matters. In-house counsels are also expected to wear a business hat, by that I mean, having a business/strategic perspective.
Transitioning from practicing at law firms to working as in-house counsel, what adjustments did you need to make in your approach to legal practice and stakeholder management? How do you balance the demands of providing legal advice while also understanding the business needs and goals of the organization?
It is important to recognise the role of in-house counsel as a key risk manager for an organisation. This is something which sets apart an in-house role from that of private practice. But this does not translate to mean adversarial position with business. Legal must work with business to find the right synergistic solutions which serve the business needs while mitigating any legal exposure for the organisation. That is not to say that there are no situations where there would be a disagreement with your key business stakeholders, and these are precisely the situations where your mettle as the in-house counsel is tested. It is important to stand one’s ground and to find the appropriate approach to convincingly put the point across. Logical and persuasive arguments would always find takers.
You’ve handled complex transactional matters, including domestic and cross-border M&As, JVs, and Technology Licensing deals. Could you walk us through a particularly challenging deal you’ve worked on and the key lessons you learned from it?
I have experienced inflections in my learning curve when I have advised on the sell side, especially when the asset has been under stress. It requires enormous fortitude to get through the negotiations, to hold your ground and work towards the best outcome. The key practices which can help in such situations are (i) a thorough vendor diligence, which prepares you for the negotiations points you know might come up; (ii) alignment with management/client, so you know the redlines of your own business team; (iii) a clear strategy for the negotiations; and (iv) speed in execution.
As the Co-Chair of the Legal Affairs and IPR Committee of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry, you’re involved in designing and speaking at seminars on diverse legal topics. How do you stay updated on the latest developments and trends in the legal landscape, especially in areas like Tech Laws, Data Privacy, and Gender Sensitivity?
Thank you for the reference to my work at the Bombay Chamber. It has been my privilege to be associated with one of the oldest and well-respected industry associations of the country. As far as knowledge management is concerned, it is always easy to stay updated on the developments in areas which are of keen interest. I read a lot, both online and offline and also my interactions with peers and seniors enrich me. Ours is a knowledge-based industry and the only way to keep our skills relevant is by staying updated. This is especially important now, when the world is witnessing unprecedented social transformation and technological development, giving rise to whole new legal and regulatory paradigms.
Your involvement in co-authoring editions of the Handbook on the Law on Sexual Harassment at Workplace demonstrates a commitment to promoting a safe and inclusive work environment. What motivated you to contribute to this important area of law, and what impact do you hope your work will have?
I have always had an interest in human rights with a special focus on gender issues, more particularly issues around gender-based discrimination at the workplace. So, when India legislated the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, it was a welcome opportunity to dive into the research in this field and the result was the book which was first published in 2015 and remains the most detailed commentary on this subject to date. Since the publication, me and my co-author have received notes from many women around the world telling us about their experiences and it is humbling to learn how far we still have to go. It is important for organisations to understand that this has become a Board level issue and requires attention and investment at leadership level. I am frequently invited to hold lectures and training sessions at different forums on the subject and I sincerely hope that I have been able to contribute meaningfully to the cause.
Given your extensive experience and achievements in the legal field, what advice would you offer to fresh graduates aspiring to pursue a career in law, especially those interested in business law and corporate governance?
In a country which is governed by a Constitution and which practices the Rule of Law, it is a privilege to serve the society as a lawyer. For those who are aspiring to join the profession, I would say that there has been no better time. The new generation of lawyers will not only get to practice law but would also be an integral part of re-defining the legal landscape which is underfoot around the world. From laws on personal data protection, regulating artificial intelligence, new challenges to intellectual property rights, re-defining consumer protection rights, on the commercial side to securing individual rights, protecting those who identify beyond the gender binary, promoting safe workplaces, fighting against discrimination in all forms, there is so much and more which a fresh graduate can contribute towards. Those who wish to practice corporate law, the increasing focus on governance through transparency would provide greater opportunities for research and practice and continuing economic growth would fuel transaction practice. Eventually, hard work, research, drafting skills and a strategic mind are the true assets of a successful lawyer.
What motivated you to choose law as a career? and how has been the journey so far for you?
Choosing law as a career has been a deeply personal and reflective decision for me. Coming from a family with three generations serving in the Forces, where they dedicated their lives to safeguarding the nation on its borders, the motivation to contribute to society was ingrained in me from a young age.
Initially, my inclination was towards humanities, driven by a desire to directly serve the community. However, societal expectations led me to pursue the science stream after my 10th standard, even though my true passion lay elsewhere. After completing my 12th standard, I mustered the courage to break away from the confines of the science stream and follow my genuine calling for law.
The decision to pursue law was rooted in its direct connection to societal issues. I wanted a career where I could witness the real-time impact of my actions on society. Law, with its profound connection to societal structures and issues, provided the ideal platform. It presented an opportunity for me to serve society actively, particularly aiding those from marginalized communities in their struggle for rights.
While my current role doesn’t involve litigation, I have found avenues to contribute significantly. By creating legal awareness and providing advice, I am able to empower individuals in my village and beyond. Moreover, my network in the legal field allows me to connect those in need to peers engaged in litigation, ensuring comprehensive support for those seeking justice.
In essence, my choice of law as a career is not just a professional pursuit but a commitment to contribute meaningfully to societal well-being, extending the legacy of service that runs deep in my family.
Your journey from Executive Trainee (Law) to Deputy Manager (Law) at Power Grid Corporation of India has been remarkable. Could you share some pivotal moments that shaped your career progression within the organization?
I appreciate your acknowledgment of my career progression at POWERGRID. My journey from Executive Trainee (Law) to Manager (Law) has indeed been marked by pivotal moments that have significantly shaped my professional trajectory.
Commencing in 2016 as an Executive Trainee (Law) based at the Western Region-1 Headquarter in Nagpur, I encountered substantial responsibilities even during the training period. One notable instance was the Arbitration Case involving M/s Indo Nabin. Despite the challenges, we were able to restrict the Arbitration award to Rs. 48 Lacs against the Claimant’s demand of Rs. 4.53 Cr. Subsequently, through effective communication with M/s Essar Power, the owner of the consultancy works, we successfully transferred the liability arising from the Arbitration Award to them, saving POWERGRID Rs. 4.53 Cr.
Following the completion of the one-year training period, I was confirmed as an Officer (Law) in 2017 and later promoted to Assistant Manager (Law) in 2018. Collaborating with my colleague Govinda Yadav, we played a pivotal role in shaping the Law Department of Western Region-1. Overseeing more than 500 cases, spanning Land Acquisition, Arbitration, IBC, Contractual Matters, and Tree & Crop Compensation Matters, we managed to significantly reduce the contingent liability of our region by over 100 crores across multiple proceedings. My responsibilities also extended to coordinating with over 20 substations and approximately 10 departments.
In 2021, I achieved a promotion to Deputy Manager (Law) and underwent a transfer to the Corporate Law Department in Gurugram. This transition provided me with the opportunity to draft crucial policies and SOPs, including those related to IBC cases, T/L works, and RoW cases. Notably, I contributed to the unique Transmission Agreement between POWERGRID and Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) for the construction of a dedicated transmission system for the Jamnagar Oil Refinery of RIL.
Furthermore, my involvement in the Africa 50-POWERGRID Project, where POWERGRID is constructing a Transmission Line in Kenya on an equity basis, marked a significant departure from previous international projects undertaken on a consultancy basis. I contributed to Project Agreements, Transmission Service Agreements, and other legal aspects of this ground-breaking initiative.
My journey at POWERGRID has been challenging yet personally satisfying, as I’ve had the opportunity to navigate complex legal scenarios and contribute meaningfully to the organization’s success.
Handling over 500 cases and 100+ contractual matters is undoubtedly challenging. Can you walk us through a particularly memorable case or project that you worked on during your tenure at Power Grid Corporation of India?
Handling over 500 cases and more than 100 contractual matters at POWERGRID has indeed presented numerous challenges, and among the many notable cases, I would like to share a particularly memorable one – the resolution of Right of Way (RoW) matters in Aurangabad.
The project in question had been stagnant for several years due to RoW issues, prompting our decision to address the matter through legal remedies. We initiated the process by filing an application under Section 16(1) of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, seeking the intervention of the District Magistrate for the removal of obstructions. Despite the challenges posed by the prevailing COVID situation, I undertook frequent travels and stationed myself at Aurangabad to personally follow up with the District Magistrate.
Initially, the District Magistrate displayed reluctance to issue an order in our favour, considering local factors. However, through persistent convincing and follow-up efforts, we eventually secured a favourable order from the District Magistrate. Subsequently, despite encountering hostile behaviour and resistance from the locals, with the support of the local administration, we were able to successfully construct the Transmission Line. The line was finally commissioned in 2021, just a few months before my transfer to the Corporate Center.
This project stands out as the most memorable in my career thus far, not only due to its legal intricacies but also the tangible impact it had on resolving long standing issues, facilitating the completion of the project, and contributing to the overall success of POWERGRID.
Transitioning from a legal background to pursuing an executive MBA at esteemed institutions like XLRI is quite a leap. What motivated you to pursue further education in management, and how do you envision blending your legal expertise with strategic HR leadership roles?
Embarking on an Executive MBA journey, particularly at esteemed institutions like XLRI, marks a significant transition in my career. With approximately 9-10 years of experience in the legal field, I find immense satisfaction and fulfillment in my current domain. However, my decision to pursue an Executive MBA (PGDM) from XLRI is rooted in my unwavering commitment to continuous learning.
Beyond the initial acquisition of legal skills, I recognize the paramount importance of staying abreast of industry trends and acquiring new knowledge to ensure professional relevance and adaptability. This decision aligns seamlessly with my vision of ascending to senior positions in the Public Sector. Opting for an MBA in HRM is a strategic choice, as it not only equips me for leadership roles in the future but also provides a diverse perspective on various situations.
XLRI, being a reputable institute, holds a distinguished position for imparting quality education in HRM. The decision to pursue an Executive MBA from this esteemed institution was a natural one, given my aspiration to excel in HR leadership roles. As an in-house legal counsel deeply involved in HR matters at POWERGRID, I have witnessed the synergies between legal and HR functions contributing to organizational success. By adding HR to my professional profile through an Executive MBA, I aim to enhance my capabilities and readiness for future leadership roles that may demand a holistic understanding of both legal and HR domains.
In essence, my pursuit of an Executive MBA at XLRI is a conscious effort to fortify my professional foundation, ensuring that I am well-equipped to navigate the evolving landscape of organizational leadership in the Public Sector.
Your experience at National Insurance Company Ltd. as Administrative Officer (Legal) involved managing diverse legal cases and providing risk assessment advice. How did this role contribute to your professional growth?
During my tenure at National Insurance Company Ltd. as an Administrative Officer (Legal) posted at the Baroda Regional Office, spanning approximately one year and three months, I had the privilege of managing a diverse portfolio of legal cases, significantly contributing to my professional growth.
In this role, I was tasked with monitoring and overseeing over 10,000 cases at the district level from 10 divisional Offices. I, in collaboration with my colleague Rahul Sharma and guided by our Regional Manager P.K. Sharma, also directly handled more than 200 cases before the High Court and State Consumer Forum. One noteworthy achievement during this period was successfully settling over 300 cases at the National Mega Lok Adalat, a testament to our effective legal management strategies.
This experience marked my first significant endeavour into my professional career, providing invaluable lessons that have laid the foundation for my ongoing professional growth. The exposure to a multitude of cases, the intricacies of legal proceedings, and the collaborative efforts to achieve favourable outcomes have been instrumental in shaping my understanding of legal complexities.
I am grateful to National Insurance for providing me with this opportunity, as it has been a pivotal chapter in my professional journey, instilling in me the skills and insights that continue to guide my career development.
Your academic journey includes an L.L.M. in Human Rights and a B.A. L.L.B. (Business Law Hons.), along with a certification program on Harvard Manage Mentor. How do you believe this blend of academic pursuits has shaped your approach to problem-solving and leadership?
My academic journey, comprising an L.L.M. in Human Rights, a B.A. L.L.B. (Business Law Hons.), and a certification program on Harvard Manage Mentor, has been instrumental in shaping a multifaceted approach to problem-solving and leadership.
The L.L.M. in Human Rights has honed my understanding of legal frameworks and ethical considerations, fostering a deep appreciation for the nuances of human rights issues. This has equipped me with a compassionate and holistic perspective when addressing challenges, emphasizing the importance of ethical decision-making and social responsibility.
On the other hand, the B.A. L.L.B. with a focus on Business Law Hons. has provided me with a strong foundation in commercial and corporate legal principles. This academic background has proven invaluable in approaching problem-solving from a strategic and business-oriented standpoint, ensuring that legal solutions align with broader organizational goals.
Complementing these legal degrees, the certification program on Harvard Manage Mentor has enhanced my leadership skills. From this program, I gained insights into effective management practices, strategic thinking, and leadership development. It has empowered me to navigate complex organizational landscapes, fostering a proactive and forward-thinking approach to leadership.
Together, this blend of academic pursuits has cultivated a well-rounded and adaptable problem-solving methodology. It enables me to approach challenges with a comprehensive understanding, integrating legal acumen, ethical considerations, and strategic business perspectives. This diverse academic background has been pivotal in shaping my approach to leadership, emphasizing the importance of empathy, strategic thinking, and ethical decision-making in addressing complex issues within the legal and business domains.
Your participation in moot courts, debates, and pro bono activities has been commendable. Could you share a particularly impactful pro bono experience that left a lasting impression on you?
Certainly, during my time in law school, I actively engaged in a variety of extracurricular activities such as moot courts, debate competitions, and pro bono endeavours, understanding the importance of a well-rounded legal education.
Participating in prestigious moot court competitions, including the Henry Dunant Memorial Moot Court Competition, Philip C. Jessup Memorial Moot Court Competition, Foreign Direct Investment International Arbitration Moot, and Willem C Vis Moot Court Competition, offered me a practical platform to hone essential legal skills. These experiences not only deepened my understanding of courtroom procedures but also significantly enhanced my ability to construct persuasive legal arguments, fostering critical thinking and oral advocacy skills.
Beyond the realm of moot courts and parliamentary debates, I sought to apply my legal knowledge and skills to make a positive impact on society. During an internship at Senior Advocate K.T.S. Tuli’s office, I had the opportunity to briefly contribute to the Uphaar Cinema Case, where Senior Advocate K.T.S. Tuli was handling the matter on a pro bono basis. This experience, along with my overall internship, left an indelible impression on me as a law student.
Witnessing the role of law as an agent of change in society, particularly in a pro bono context, reinforced my belief in the transformative power of legal advocacy. It underscored the notion that legal professionals have a responsibility to contribute to societal welfare by leveraging their skills for the greater good.
Your role involves drafting crucial policies, vetting high-stakes agreements, and managing diverse legal challenges for your organisation. Can you highlight some key principles or methods that guide your approach to legal terminology and research?
In the past year, my responsibilities have encompassed the drafting of crucial policies and SOPs, including those for IBC Matters, Transmission Line Works, and the Settlement of RoW Cases at POWERGRID. Additionally, my role involves the drafting and vetting of various agreements such as Consultancy Agreements, O&M Agreements, NDA, Novation Agreement, CSR MoUs/Agreements, Share Purchase Agreements, and Concession Agreements. Providing legal advisory services to management on a range of issues further adds to the complexity of my role. Throughout these tasks, my guiding principles revolve around precision and meticulousness. I emphasize clarity in legal terminology to ensure accuracy while making it comprehensible to all stakeholders. Thorough legal research remains foundational, involving a detailed examination of statutes, precedents, and industry-specific regulations. This approach ensures the robustness of my legal analyses, aligning it with the latest developments in the legal landscape. Moreover, I adopt a proactive stance, anticipating potential challenges and proactively mitigating risks. The integration of clarity, thorough research, and proactive risk management serves as the linchpin of my strategy, enabling me to provide effective legal counsel and contribute significantly to the success of the organization.
Attending various workshops, seminars, and conferences, including those on arbitration, mediation, and managerial effectiveness, demonstrates your commitment to continuous learning. How do you balance your professional responsibilities with ongoing education and development?
My approach to professional growth revolves around the belief that continuous learning and skill enhancement are pivotal elements within my control. Striving for ambitious goals necessitates a blend of hard work and smart work, and in line with this philosophy, I actively participate in various workshops, seminars, and conferences, with a focus on areas such as IBC, arbitration, Managerial Effectiveness, and Leadership. Balancing these educational pursuits with my professional responsibilities requires meticulous time management and strategic prioritization. I make a conscious effort to align chosen educational endeavors with the current needs and goals of my role, selecting programs that directly contribute to my professional growth and enhance my skill set. Furthermore, I leverage technology to participate in virtual events and online courses, allowing for flexibility without compromising the quality of learning. Regular self-assessment aids in identifying areas that require further development, guiding my selection of educational opportunities. Ultimately, this proactive and targeted approach allows me to integrate ongoing education seamlessly into my professional journey, ensuring a harmonious balance between career responsibilities and the pursuit of knowledge.
Could you share some of your favourite ways to relax and recharge outside of work?
Outside of work, I find relaxation and rejuvenation through various activities that resonate with my interests and passions. A significant part of my leisure time involves watching and playing sports, fostering a healthy balance between physical activity and recreation. Additionally, I closely follow Indian politics, harboring an aspiration to delve into election strategist akin to Prashant Kishore, a realm I find intellectually stimulating. Expressing my thoughts and perspectives, I channel my creativity into writing blogs that span a diverse range of topics, including philosophy, politics, happy living, and food.
I also consider myself a proficient cook and take pleasure in preparing delicious dishes for my family and friends, exploring different culinary experiences. The joy of travel is another aspect of my life outside work, as I enjoy exploring new places and immersing myself in diverse cultures. Lastly, my love for engaging in meaningful conversations has led me to make friends from various walks of life, providing a rich tapestry of experiences and perspectives. These activities collectively contribute to my relaxation and recharge outside the professional realm, fostering a well-rounded and fulfilling lifestyle.
As someone deeply entrenched in the legal domain, what advice would you give to the current generation aspiring to build a successful career, especially in the legal or managerial fields?
For the younger generation aspiring to forge successful careers in the legal or managerial fields, my advice is grounded in personal experiences. Firstly, believe in yourself; no dream is too ambitious if pursued with dedication and hard work. Secondly. embrace the courage to take risks, a lesson I learned with time. Regretfully, hesitating initially limited my potential for success. Taking calculated risks can open unforeseen doors.
Next, I would advise to develop a habit of active listening. It fosters effective communication and understanding, crucial in both legal and managerial domains. Moreover, persistence is key. I encourage the younger generation to persevere and learn from setbacks. In the legal and managerial arenas, tenacity often separates success from mediocrity.
Deviating from professional aspect, one personal advise I would give to younger generation is to take care of their mental health and build a supportive network of people. Seek close connections with whom they can have open conversations, receive honest advice, and feel accepted without prejudice. Imperfections are universal; find those who believe in you as you are.
In summary, believe in your capabilities, embrace risks, cultivate active listening, gain practical experience through internships, persist in the face of challenges, and prioritize mental well-being through a supportive network. These principles have guided my journey, and I believe they can pave the way for a successful and fulfilling career for the aspiring generation.
Your journey from law school to becoming a Co-Founder & Partner at PSA Law Partners is impressive. Can you share a bit about how you started your career in law and what inspired you to focus on litigation and compliance?
My journey began after graduating from R L Law College Belagavi, driven by a childhood inspiration from a practicing lawyer in my village and my natural inclination towards argumentation, which had me tagged as a “lawyer” since school. Pursuing a Master’s at Bengaluru University was a decision made out of a passion for legal intricacies, despite an initial reluctance. My formative years were significantly shaped by my tenure as a Law Clerk cum Research Assistant under Justice S. Abdul Nazeer, which diverted my path from criminal law to broader legal practices. My work at notable firms like Poovayya & Co and Khaitan & Co further solidified my commitment to using my legal expertise as a “bulletproof jacket” against injustice.
Having handled a variety of cases in different fields and having represented corporate houses and currently representing them in litigation and policy advisory, is there any special care which needs to be taken to handle such clients?
Corporate clients require a blend of legal precision and business acumen. My approach, which emphasizes “Managerial Solutions to Legal Problems,” reflects an understanding that legal challenges must be integrated within a company’s strategic framework. This philosophy has been shaped by my diverse experiences across legal practices, teaching me that true value lies in aligning legal strategies with business objectives, ensuring compliance and navigating regulatory landscapes effectively.
With a decade of experience in Corporate and Commercial Litigation, Intellectual Property Rights, Direct Tax, and more, you’ve worked on diverse cases. Could you highlight a case that was particularly challenging or interesting, and share the strategies you employed to navigate through it successfully?
My experience at Poovayya & Co, where strategy discussions included even the youngest lawyers, marked a pivotal shift in my professional development.
A significant challenge was contesting a State Government Notification on Minimum Wages that adversely impacted a sector. By initiating a fresh legal challenge in the High Court, leveraging strategic litigation techniques, we overturned previous adverse decisions, showcasing the importance of resilience, innovative legal thinking, and the impactful role of strategic legal advocacy.
Having represented clients in major corporate debt recovery and insolvency litigations, what advice would you give to young lawyers aspiring to specialize in this area of law?
My advice is to embrace a broad spectrum of legal challenges early on, fostering a versatile skill set before narrowing down to a specialization. This foundation allows for a deeper understanding and a more informed choice when selecting a niche, emphasizing the importance of building a reputation for meticulousness and dedication to excellence.
In your experience, navigating through various legal domains, what’s one unconventional or unexpected lesson you’ve learned that has had a profound impact on your approach to practicing law?
The most profound lesson has been the importance of empathy. Recognizing the human elements behind legal cases has reshaped my practice, guiding me to approach each case with a deeper understanding and compassion. This insight, fostered through my diverse experiences, has not only enhanced my negotiation skills but also strengthened my relationships with clients and colleagues.
Do you consider a career in the Judiciary as an option for young lawyers and for yourself?
Embracing a judicial career entails significant sacrifices but offers unparalleled opportunities to contribute to society. The attractive aspects, such as contributing to societal well-being and the prestige associated with the judiciary, appeal to my sense of duty and commitment to justice. Personally, I view the judiciary as a noble calling, one I would consider with great reverence if the opportunity presented itself.
In your career, you’ve practiced in various courts and tribunals. Could you share an experience or lesson from your early years that significantly shaped your approach to legal practice?
My early experiences in Bengaluru, particularly the encouragement from judges and seniors, played a crucial role in my professional development. An instance that stands out was my first reported case in Direct Tax when I was associated with M/s K.R.Prasad, Advocates & Tax Consultants, where I was encouraged to present a case on merits, marking a significant milestone in my career. These formative experiences taught me the value of preparation and the courage to seize every opportunity to stand before the court.
Given your focus on White-collar crimes, what unique challenges do you encounter in handling such cases, and how do you address them?
Specializing in white-collar crimes involves navigating intricate legal frameworks and voluminous documentation. My approach, grounded in a thorough understanding of law and clear client communication, aims to dissect each case meticulously, building robust defenses against complex allegations. This specialized focus demands strategic thinking and a detailed-oriented mindset.
PSA Law Partners was founded in 2019. What motivated you to establish this firm, and what values or principles guide the firm’s approach to client representation?
Founding PSA Law Partners was the realization of a lifelong dream, driven by a desire for autonomy and the pursuit of justice. Our firm’s ethos, shaped by my experiences and personal values, is committed to delivering timely and effective relief to our clients, upholding the principles of integrity, excellence, and client-focused advocacy.
As someone who practices in the High Court of Karnataka, could you highlight any distinct characteristics or challenges of the legal landscape in this jurisdiction?
Practicing in the High Court of Karnataka requires an adept understanding of legal intricacies and the ability to articulate compelling arguments. The jurisdiction’s unique challenges include navigating complex legal issues and effectively representing clients with limited direct interaction, demanding a high level of analytical and strategic thinking.
Considering your impressive academic background, including securing the second rank in LL.M, how do you perceive the value of pursuing postgraduate education, such as an LLM, for the current generation of aspiring lawyers? What advice would you give to those considering further specialization in law through advanced studies?
Pursuing an LLM provided me with invaluable insights, particularly in labor law, shaping my approach to litigation. I advise aspiring lawyers to choose specializations that align with both their interests and the evolving legal landscape, ensuring their education enhances their career trajectory in meaningful ways.
Beyond the legal realm, we’re curious to know more about your interests outside the courtroom. Could you share a bit about your favourite hobby or activity that brings you joy and relaxation when you’re not immersed in legal matters?
Away from the demands of legal practice, I delve into political history and enjoy exploring scenic landscapes, activities that offer a refreshing contrast to my professional life. These interests provide a sense of balance, enriching my personal growth and offering perspectives that influence my professional demeanor.
Ma’am, can you please share the pivotal moments or experiences that led you to pursue a career in law, especially focusing on your journey from studying at the Army Institute of Law to earning an LL.M. at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy?
I always had a justice oriented personality and the choice was either between Law or Journalism for me when I was growing up. I also was very clear since very early on that I wanted to work in the field of women’s rights and gender based violence and with that I decided that Law would be a path best suited for me. At 22, I published a novel on the human trafficking of women in Nepal to India after the Nepal earthquake and after completing Law from the Army Institute of Law I went on to study at the Fletcher School where I focussed specifically on gender based violence and International Law. I wouldn’t say that there was one moment that defined my trajectory but I’d say that just the conviction that my aim in life is to use my education, privilege, knowledge and expertise to help women led me from Law School to graduate school to the positions I’ve held thereafter.
Your LL.M. focused on International Laws, and you received the Honos Civicus Award for Civic Engagement. How did these experiences shape your perspective on the intersection of law and civic engagement, and how do you see it influencing your current work?
I feel both Law and civic engagement have a symbiotic relationship for example it was Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s advocacy against ’Sati’ to legally put an end to it in the 1800’s and today we see the role of civic engagement in creation and abolishing of laws over matters important to the current times. For me, being active and participating in the community, advocating for one’s community and influencing positive change is my mantra and I live these beliefs by being involved in groups and advocacy over issues that I am most passionate about like women’s rights and immigrant rights.
As a law clerk specializing in asylum law and gender rights at the Law Office of Robert B. Jobe, can you elaborate on how your work has involved strategizing refugee and asylum claims based on gender-based persecution? What challenges and successes have you encountered in this role?
In my previous role, I worked with battered women who were fleeing persecution that they suffered in their home countries and it involved documenting their persecution, highlighting issues that were in tandem with the theory of their case. My journey with a client often started from building rapport with them which sometimes can be hard when they have suffered immense trauma in their lives, to creating a safe space where they can feel comfortable in expressing themselves and sharing their stories. One challenge with this work is that sometimes the other person is not open to seeking therapy or doesn’t live in a community that would help them work through their trauma; I learnt how to tackle this bump over the years and I feel the more you grow as a professional and person, there are different approaches you can use to understand their resistance to therapy while also giving them other suggestions to seek support from a place of empathy.
You’ve engaged with governmental organizations like USCIS and the Executive Office of Immigration Review. Could you share how these partnerships have contributed to your work in supporting vulnerable populations, and what impact your stakeholder engagement strategy has had on your cases?
My engagement with EOIR and USCIS as a Law Clerk was limited to the work I was doing but given my position as the Vice Chair of the San Francisco Immigrant Rights Commission, I have more freedom to persuasively raise and inquire about immigrant issues with USCIS that impact immigrant population of San Francisco. That said both EOIR and USCIS are Federal bodies and stakeholder engagement with them happens at the Federal level that hopefully I am a part of at some point in my life.
Serving as a Commissioner for the San Francisco Immigrant Rights Commission, you’re involved in developing strategies for human rights and labor rights for immigrants. How do you balance your advocacy work with the practical aspects of implementing policies and programs to address these issues?
San Francisco Immigrant Rights Commission works on conducting special hearings to make recommendations to the Mayor and Board of Supervisors on Immigrant rights issues which span from creation of employment for asylum seekers to housing for immigrants to taking a stance on H1B layoffs to standing in solidarity with DACA recipients whenever the country fails them. Once we have a special hearing, we review the recommendations, debate them and then forward them. This debate is often rich and detailed with every commissioner bringing practical questions to the mix and we also have the San Francisco Attorney’s office and Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs to help us through the procedure. At the end of the day, the aim is to be an accurate representation of the issues of the immigrant community and should there be a gap between the recommendations and the practical implementation of policy, the Mayor and the Board of Supervisors may reject it.
Your role as the Chair of Women’s March San Francisco involves designing and implementing human rights programs. Can you provide insights into the specific programs you’ve developed, and how collaboration with government and grassroots organizations has played a role in advancing these initiatives?
The Women’s March San Francisco is an inactive group right now but in the past I have worked on organizing First Amendment Marches in San Francisco on reproductive rights and have collaborated with different initiatives like we have co-hosted panels on equal pay for women followed by a movie screening (on the discrepancy of pay between the men and women’s football teams in the US) and we led a workshop on how to be active beyond the marches. The beauty about a group like WMSF is that it is an all volunteer group founded by women who are epitomes of ’stand up fight back’ and has been around since 2016. WMSF has also amplified the work of other grassroots organizations for years and has provided support (whenever possible) if needed.
As a Research Assistant for Prof. Dyan Mazurana on the topic of child brides in humanitarian settings, how did your work contribute to addressing evidence gaps in child marriage during crises, and what lessons did you draw from this experience?
My work as a Research Assistant was to assist with a literature review on the topic and then identify key stakeholders who possess experience and practical knowledge in the field of child brides in humanitarian settings so that they could be interviewed and their insights could be recorded by Prof. Mazurana. As my first assignment as a graduate student, a lot of my work revolved around planning logistics for interviews and communicating with the interviewees from INGO’s and governments around the world and I definitely learnt a lot in this process.
Lastly, what advice would you give to fresh graduates aspiring to make a positive impact in the legal and humanitarian spheres based on your journey?
Figure out your purpose in life, have a larger vision and chase that, you are more than your job, your accomplishments and your possessions. AND give back to your community!
