Super Lawyer

Tag: independent practitioner

  • Bridging Borders: Making Law Accessible for Startups Worldwide – Priyanka Mandhani, Corporate lawyer, Company Secretary and Founder of Juris Summit.

    Bridging Borders: Making Law Accessible for Startups Worldwide – Priyanka Mandhani, Corporate lawyer, Company Secretary and Founder of Juris Summit.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    I will start backwards. I’ll not start with the very first question, why you chose law, but I would request you to answer first why and when you decided to start Juris Summit, what was the reason that you started it so soon? What are your plans? How are you going to work on the cross border business laws, and what do you see and where do you see yourself and Juris Summit in next, let’s say five years and a decade?

    I’m so thankful and grateful for all of the SuperLawyer team for bringing this opportunity to me. And yes, I’m looking forward to collaborating with you people and also to giving guidance to all the newcomers who are wishing and willing to start their career on an international platform.

    So, yeah, you know, there are some things, like we said, we get it out of WhatsApp chat.

    So me and my partner Sohan, we met in a WhatsApp group, like in a freelancer group, and at that time, back after two years, we had started our individual freelancing journey. So, we individually found that startups, they struggle, particularly startups, they struggle a lot because there are two things.

    First thing is, particularly I’m talking about the US startups. The United States law firms charge a lot. I would say 800 dollars per hour, and even beyond that. So I was like, what is this? Why are they charging this much?

    Of course, they provide services and they do everything that needs to be done, but we also are authorized to do that, and we can also do it at a lesser price. So that was the first point. And the second point, startups, they want everything fast. They approach any lawyer or somewhere that gives us a template, we will do it ourselves. And in that template, the alignment of business, the clauses, they’re not properly as per their business. They’re not aligned with their business.

    So these are the two things which I felt that I needed to bridge a gap between this thing. So at that time, I had a talk with Sohan. Sohan, this is the problem, we need to fill it out. So he said, so let’s go, let’s build an agency. Then let’s work together.

    And I said, yeah, let’s do it. Why not? And then without a second thought, it was just like bam! Out of a WhatsApp chat. We set up an agency.

    Amazing journey. Amazing start. So let’s now get back to the basics. How did you become convinced that you have to do law as well as company secretaryship?

    And with this kind of dual qualification, how did you pave your way towards not only being an Indian lawyer, but also a lawyer who’s internationally acclaimed and who has moved to Germany and is working from there?

    So, the thing is, I wanted to become a chartered accountant firstly, so I started my journey back then. I’ve cleared my CPT, and after that I could not understand what was happening, but suddenly in that period of time, my interest was very much into law. Then I thought of the professional course of company secretary, and without second thought, again, I enrolled myself into company secretary and successfully I’ve completed everything in the first attempt. And side by side, as this is a law field, I also enrolled myself for an LLB course, a three years course. So I’ve also completed my LLB, and fortunately in the last year of LLB I topped the university, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University.

    So, this is how I wanted to prepare myself fully, and after all these things were done, still I felt like something was missing. Then I found courses like US corporate laws, then diploma in international business laws.

    And that thing fascinated me. I said I want to do this. I want to set up a remote practice for myself. I wanted to do this thing. So without a second thought, I enrolled myself. And today I’m here so that I can work from Germany with US law firms, and not only US, all over the world, I can work with every country’s client.

    So, with all these things, which you decide on a first go, what kind of experience do you have of the transition that you have done from traditional legal practice to starting, founding and running a specialized legal agency, which is right now catering mostly to international clients, particularly in US, like you already have explained about startups. How is your experience about the agency and how does it work for you and your partner and the kind of challenges that you see in having Indian laws, having international laws and their comparison? How does that work for you?

    I would start with the traditional law firms in India or wherever we can say. So, at the law firm I had access to a predictable environment, and consistent staff support was there. Then we had a particular library where we can read and where we can update ourselves. But mostly there were domestic clients, and there were Indian timelines, as you must be aware of, then billing expectations. And so all these things were somewhere I feel they’re keeping me down, they’re setting up boundaries for me.

    So, when I started a legal agency, these were not the things. There were, obviously, challenges because time zone and communication are the biggest challenges when we start an agency that is hundred percent remote and which deals with international clients.

    So, we have staff, obviously we have staff, and what we do is someone between us is always awake at US time zone so that we can grab all the opportunities, so that we can reply to all the clients. And even if he’s not there, what do we do, because we use technology, right?

    We have to use technology. We set auto replies to that particular person. In that way, we don’t push the client, we can’t talk right now, and it’s not our time zone. This is how we work.

    So even if there is any urgent matter or something  because we see clients that want something within 24 hours, within a few hours we actually do that. We don’t say we can’t do this. This is not a timeline to deliver everything, nothing like that. We’ll do everything.

    Someone from us will have to do that. And we have set our agency like that only. So these are the challenges: timeline and communication.

    So, talking about communication, recently we had a client from Saudi Arabia, and I personally had to deal with him.

    So, the first time I didn’t understand what he’s talking about, his accent was so difficult to understand. But thanks to the notes we take, whenever we start a meeting, on the other end we start taking notes. So thanks to all these things, thanks to technology, we understand these things.

    So these are the challenges we overcome, and that’s how it works.

     This shows that the kind of work that you are doing is getting more and more  reach, and that is something which is the value addition to your work at Juris Summit.  So the kind of driving force that you, your partners and the people who work with you have, what kind of gaps or insufficiencies or legal issues you have seen in US business laws as compared to Indian business laws? And the kind of observation that has helped you overcome those challenges and help US companies or businesses have their legal work done with you.

    Okay, so, I mentioned this before, that for billing, the US firms charge a lot. So this is the first thing that we wanted to fill the gap  to provide services at a lower price than the US law firms.

    The second thing, obviously, about the DIY route you know, templates from online platforms and Reddit forums they get. So these are the gaps Juris Summit set out to fill. We offer a third party responsive, startup-savvy legal support delivered by us. Like we are experienced, we have an experienced team and at a cost that makes sense for early-stage companies.

    I’m talking particularly here about the early stage because businesses which are already set, normally, they don’t hesitate or they don’t struggle this much. So, we focus on flat fees. Not an hourly basis. There’s no surprising billings and nothing like that. Scope-defined engagements and what we call it legal sprints.

    So, founders know exactly what they are paying for. So for example, what if there is a review document with us, we have to review that document, we make sure we provide another document  that we just don’t review it and tell him that these are the findings and these are the loopholes that we need to fill.

    And these are the liability clauses and everything. Not like that. What we suggest from the very first clause, to try to make him understand in a simple language. We make a document and we write it in a simple language, clause to clause, that you should know what you are signing. So this is our approach  to make him understand everything.

    We speak their language in short, I can say we speak their language. We don’t just recite, deliver code or GDPR clauses, we explain what it means for their product, their fundraising, or any contractor agreement. So this is how we work.

    And Juris Summit is all about delivering clarity, speed, strategy at the point where founders need it most. We don’t just drop documents, we help build legally sound businesses one decision at a time. And that’s the gap we saw and the reason we are here.

     So on that note, how do you guys keep yourself updated with the new changes in laws in different jurisdictions. Not only the US, like you just now said that you dealt with a client from Saudi Arabia, then other jurisdictions also. So what is your way of keeping yourself updated and keeping your team updated as well?

     So, what happens is normally when we start our day, normally, we start our day at 9:00 AM. 

    So for the first half hour, particularly of mine, I look for all the US jurisdictions, the updates and everything.  There are many newsletters which I have subscribed to.  Then I also have many attorneys. Like we have a group with US attorneys to get the updates. Hey, what’s going on? What’s new? We talk normally like that. So  I get updates from them. And on the other hand, Sohan, he handles Indian jurisdiction, all the Indian and Asian. So basically our first hour or half an hour is only to update ourselves with all the knowledge.

    And apart from this, what we do is set a meeting every 15 days or weekly, biweekly. And, we exchange each other’s knowledge. Hey, what’s new? What did you see? What did you see in the last 15 days? Please share with us what’s up? And everything is online, so we keep a very friendly manner, very relaxed atmosphere, everyone shares his or her thoughts. So like that we exchange our thoughts and we keep updated.

     Are there any specific reading materials or any channel which you especially look out for? Because there are so many of them. If you could name a few, it would be very helpful for the learners as well.

    There are many channels, newsletters. See, it depends upon the learner, how they find it, how easy it is to get the knowledge from that particular newsletter or particular journal or everything.

    So it depends upon the learner, there are many. If you Google it, you will find it. And there are many AIs. Research tools or even if you go to LexisNexis or Westlaw websites. These are the websites where you get all the knowledge.

    Even if you type, what’s the update here tonight? If you even Google it, you’ll get an idea. You will get a list thoroughly. So not a particular channel or anything I follow, but it depends upon, what exactly I want to see on that particular day, that’s how I Google it. And there are a number of websites and journals and everything.

     So let’s move ahead and understand how you help the startups and SMEs, especially those that are led by non-US founders,  but they are being navigated by US federal laws or state laws. How do you make sure that you explain those things, especially tax compliance and other overwhelming aspects of law to your client and make sure that it has been taken care while you help their startup being established in us from scratch until the time they need your help.

     Yeah, as you mentioned that US Federal and tax compliance may be overwhelming and to simplify this is our job, so we simplify US federal and state tax compliances for non-US founders by removing the overwhelm and breaking everything into clear and actionable steps. So for example, we begin with a founder friendly roadmap.  We draft a simple PDF, a simple agreement or like an information document and that outlines all the key tax obligations across federal or state levels.  So this includes important filings like the EIN, then form 5472 then franchise tax and sales tax registration with its timeline and responsible parties that is clearly indicated in that particular document. So since we don’t use a client portal, we ensure accessibility and clarity by sharing checklists and guides over email and tools like Google Drive, we use that. So, you know, founders can track their progress step by step.

     We provide all necessary templates where it’s 83 B, election letter or a sales tax exemption certificate with instruction return in plain English. This is how we manage it. And for ongoing compliances as well, we partner with experienced CPAs.

    Like we have many CPAs in our touch and bookkeepers who specialize in cross-border entities. So this is how we provide all the information to them.  And once introduced, we stay in loop to ensure filings are accurate, then deadlines are met. And the startup stays in solid ground.

    So, as I mentioned earlier, our goal is very simple. Remove all the complexities, bring structure to compliances and let non-US founders focus on building and remove that overwhelmingness.

    How do you manage your physical and mental health while you are doing all of this in different timelines?

    Because obviously sitting in one timeline and working. But managing different timelines, having that presence all the time, that all 24 hours we are available for clients. How do you manage that particular aspect of your life where you have to take care of your physical health as well as your mental health?

    Yeah, start your day with meditation. And hitting a gym, that thing keeps me going all day because, as you have also already mentioned, I have to keep aligned with every time zone and everything. So obviously, this is hectic, this is not easy. But if you manage things properly, it’s all about time management.

    We can’t say we don’t have time, we can’t say that. We have to manage the time, and then we’ll have time automatically. And for my mental health, I walk a lot. It gives me clarity when I walk. It clears my mind. Take a walk in nature for, let’s say, 15 to 20, even 20 minutes, just one round or something.

    It’ll help you boost your thinking and give clarity on what you are doing. And after every two hours, take a break of 10 minutes. It’ll boost your productivity, we would say. So we have to manage. I don’t say no to anything.

    I say I can do it. So there is nothing that you can’t do, I feel. You have to do it. If you decide, there will be a way. You will have to find a way and you can do it.

     You can do everything with an amazing understanding and the way you are doing it, may you have all the success that you have planned for yourself. It’s an amazing experience to understand how you have gone so far, just by the sheer willpower of being able to do anything and everything under the sun.

     It’s an overwhelming thought as well that you carry forward yourself with the thought of being able to do it.

     One more thing. It’s not easy to keep motivated and to stay positive all the time. Because there were times in my life as well where  I started this freelancing journey, there were times where I didn’t get clients. I had to struggle. But the thing is we have to keep going without giving up.

    This is the mantra. Don’t give up. Stand back. There will be your time.  You can’t give up. That’s it. You can’t give up. You have to keep putting in the hard work.

    Get in touch with Priyanka Mandhani –

  • “I have learned that in matrimonial litigation especially highly contested and long-pending matters mediation is often the most effective tool.” – Rajiv Rajpurohit, Family Law Practitioner at the Courts of Ahmedabad & Pune.

    “I have learned that in matrimonial litigation especially highly contested and long-pending matters mediation is often the most effective tool.” – Rajiv Rajpurohit, Family Law Practitioner at the Courts of Ahmedabad & Pune.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    You’ve mentioned that your advent into the field of law was almost accidental, as you initially planned to pursue an MBA in Pune but were influenced by friends studying law. How did that unexpected shift shape your career path and your approach to the profession?

    I completed my schooling at a Government school in Rajasthan. In 2006, I moved to Pune for further studies. As everyone knows, Pune is often referred to as the “Oxford of the East.” At that time, Business Administration was in high demand, so after completing my schooling, I pursued a BBA in Pune. During those days, I had a few friends and acquaintances who were studying at various law schools. In the evenings, we would often meet for tea or simply hang out. They would share their experiences about academic activities, court visits, and legal studies. Listening to them gradually developed my interest in law, and I began considering admission to the field. Before enrolling in law school, I worked with the Symbiosis Group for a few months. However, when the time came to make a final decision whether to pursue an MBA or law. I was not fully confident and remained unsure. It was then that my father guided me towards pursuing law. With his approval and encouragement, I finally decided to enroll in law school. Most importantly, till date, my father has been a constant source of motivation and support, especially during a difficult phase when I felt like giving up legal practice and considering another career path. His encouragement has always kept me going.

    You have conducted highly contested divorce cases, resolved long-pending disputes through mediation, and handled matters ranging from custody to NRI divorces. How challenging is it to navigate cross-border family disputes, particularly NRI divorces, and what key stakeholders are usually involved?

    I have been practicing law since 2013, Over the years, I have handled hundreds of matrimonial disputes and cases in Ahmedabad, Pune and Mumbai, and have also appeared before several Hon’ble High Courts in India also before the Hon’ble supreme court of India. One common aspect in matrimonial disputes whether contested or mutual consent, whether involving NRIs, is that they often revolve around key issues such as claims of alimony, division of immovable assets, child custody, and other financial considerations. In such matters, the role of a lawyer is not limited to representing a client in court; it is also about guiding all stakeholders toward what is reasonable and achievable. In NRI divorce cases, the first challenge is often the logistical aspect ensuring the presence of parties or enabling their participation through virtual hearings, which most courts now facilitate. In mutual consent divorces for NRIs, the process can be straightforward once formalities are understood and complied with as per the law and procedure. From my experience, NRIs are usually clear about their terms, conditions, and settlement formulas, but it becomes the lawyer’s job to draft, execute, and present those terms in a legally sound manner so that there are no future disputes, particularly regarding child custody or financial obligations, another is regarding the if any joint property in foreign country and one of the spouse is in India and not looking for forward to go back., when I talk about long pending divorce cases I recall one particular case where a client had been contesting a matter for years. And later after a few years he came to me with the mindset of “ that he would only like to contest” rather than resolving it. After understanding his case history, I advised him that litigation should be the last resort, and that he should first try to settle the matter through communication either directly, via lawyers, or through mediation. Initially hesitant, he eventually followed my advice. Within three months, the matter was resolved amicably, something that could have been achieved years earlier had proper guidance been given. From my practice, I have learned that in matrimonial litigation especially highly contested and long-pending matters mediation is often the most effective tool. The key is to fully understand the facts, the parties’ financial capacities, the complexity of the issues, and the emotional aspects, and then to guide the stakeholders toward a reasonable middle ground. I firmly believe there should never be a point where a lawyer loses hope of settlement. Keeping that hope alive until the very end, unless a final order is passed, is essential in family disputes.

    With over a decade of experience before the Family Courts and High Courts in both Gujarat and Maharashtra, what procedural differences have you observed while practicing in these jurisdictions?

    This is indeed a very important question, because understanding procedural differences is crucial when practicing in different jurisdictions. Yes, there are significant differences between Gujarat and Maharashtra, and I have learned a great deal from working alongside lawyers in both states. When it comes to procedures, there are differences in the prescribed formats for filing applications, the method of preparing compilations, and the specific documentation requirements. The process for exhibiting documents also varies slightly between the two jurisdictions. In family matters, I have observed differences in the conciliation and mediation processes. The filing procedure itself also differs. For example, in Maharashtra, one can file a matter without physically going to court; everything can be done virtually through the court portal. Even the administration of an oath can be completed virtually by uploading a video, which is not the same in Gujarat. These procedural nuances highlight the importance of adapting to local practices while ensuring compliance with the law.

    Your practice emphasizes amicable, reconciliation-focused solutions. What trends have you noticed in the growing use of ADR in matrimonial disputes, and how do you see it shaping the future of family law?

    Yes, I strongly believe that there should be amicable solutions in matrimonial disputes because it is ultimately a question of precious time of life. If one is able to take a timely decision and resolve the dispute, it is far better than letting it remain in court for years, which rarely leads either party anywhere. However, it is important that both parties are willing to be reasonable with each other, even while keeping their differences, and remain focused during mediation. Nowadays, I see that even the Hon’ble Supreme Court actively promotes mediation in many matters. In my experience, Family Court judges also often take the initiative to speak with both parties, understand their concerns, and encourage amicable settlements. If the parties show willingness, mediation can be a highly effective tool. Such solutions can be facilitated by any authority through various methods, including formal mediation or counselling. Sometimes, emotions run high and parties are initially unable to take rational decisions. However, after proper counselling, they are often in a better position to make fair and reasonable decisions. Therefore, irrespective of the situation, I always advise that Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and amicable settlements should be explored, as they are often the best way to ensure a fair and lasting resolution.

    You began your career as a Legal Associate under senior advocates before founding your own firm. What lessons from those early years continue to guide your courtroom strategy today?

    Yes, I began my career working with a lawyer who had many years of experience. I learned a great deal from advocates during my time in Pune and later in Ahmedabad. One of the key lessons I have learned is that if you wish to succeed as a litigation lawyer particularly in matrimonial matters, which often involve divorce, custody disputes, alimony, maintenance, and domestic violence, the first and foremost skill you need is to listen carefully to your client. You must understand where the real problem lies, while also respecting the emotional circumstances of the parties. I have also learned that you should never be judgmental when listening to clients. Instead, your role is to ensure you understand their circumstances fully. From my seniors, I learned the importance of proper drafting and being thoroughly prepared with arguments. I recall that when I was assisting senior lawyers, they would take detailed notes point-by-point and spend hours preparing final arguments for divorce cases. Contrary to the perception that matrimonial litigation is straightforward, I have found it to be complex, involving significant factual and legal research, especially since family disputes often involve many incidents that form the grounds for divorce. As per High Court and Supreme Court judgments, it is essential to keep updating oneself on recent case law. I have made it a habit to learn continuously from court proceedings, by listening to arguments and closely studying judgments.

    What motivated you to establish your own practice, and what vision did you have for it in the beginning? How did you overcome the initial challenges?

    It is always a challenge to choose litigation as a career after completing law. Initially, I opted for corporate work, but later my father motivated me to practice in court. He advised me to go to the court every day, whether I had a brief or not. I had no contacts who could help me enter the field of litigation, so I followed my father’s advice. I began visiting the court daily and interacting with lawyers. Eventually, I met one of my professors from my graduation days, who was also a practicing lawyer. I sought his help and asked if I could join his office. He told me that he didn’t have many matters at that time but could refer me to someone else. He gave me a reference to another advocate in Pune. When I went to meet this advocate, he asked me just one question: “When do you want to start?” My answer was, “I can start right now.” He immediately agreed and told me I could join and start working. I didn’t even go back home. I began working on the brief that very day. The second thing he told me was, “You will have to work hard, I will take care of your basic needs and concerns.” That assurance gave me the confidence I needed, and that is how my journey began. And this is how my journey started for my first client. One thing I learned early on is that you never know where clients will come from. They may walk in from anywhere, even from the court corridors. Sometimes, they may watch you argue in court, be impressed with your performance, and later ask for your contact details. In this profession, your performance is what pays you both in the form of clients and valuable contacts.

    What inspired you to choose matrimonial and family litigation as your primary specialization, and how has working in this niche shaped your perspective on law?

    Yes, my interest gradually shifted towards matrimonial law. Since I started my practice, I used to accompany my senior in family court matters assigned to me. Most of these cases, particularly matrimonial disputes, involved domestic violence and divorce. Slowly and gradually, this became my primary practice area. Although I have also handled other matters, over time my focus has increasingly been on matrimonial disputes and family matters. While I would not call it a specialisation, with experience I have gained significant exposure in this field. As I have already stated, dealing with matrimonial matters is not easy. It requires a great deal of skill, patience, and the ability to handle sensitive human emotions. I believe this area of law has immense potential, and one should continue to explore, understand, and work in depth within family and matrimonial matters

    Having such a diverse practice now and over a decade of experience, what advice would you give to new entrants in the field of law?

    All entrants in the field of law must be prepared to work hard, especially in the initial stages. One should not assume that any particular branch of law is not worth exploring. If an opportunity comes your way, it should be accepted and explored, as it may eventually lead to your mainstream practice. Therefore, do not make up your mind too early or immediately after graduating from law school. Take up different matters, handle them diligently, and if needed, seek guidance from experienced senior lawyers or practitioners in that particular area. Learn from each experience, as this gradual exposure will help you discover your true area of interest and expertise.

    Managing a practice across two jurisdictions can be demanding. How do you balance professional commitments with personal life, and what activities help you unwind and recharge?

    Yes, certainly, sometimes it requires motivation, but right from the beginning I chose to practise in two jurisdictions. As far as personal life is concerned, it goes without saying that law is a profession where, especially in the initial years, one has to compromise on personal life and carry the pressures of professional responsibilities. Being a noble profession, law demands complete dedication and 100% commitment. There is no other option but to prioritise professional life first. After a certain number of years, personal life also finds its balance, as family members begin to understand the efforts and challenges of a lawyer’s journey. Eventually, it becomes a routine. So yes, whether personal or professional, at the end of the day, life goes with the flow, and with time one learns how to manage both.

    Get in touch with Rajiv Rajpurohit –

  • “It must be understood that true inclusion lies in recognising difference, not ignoring it, and creating conditions that enable success on equal terms.” – Karan Kamra, Intellectual Property Lawyer.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Your journey from Dhanbad to where you stand today is truly inspiring. How have your personal experiences and academic background in Political Science shaped your decision to pursue law, and how have they influenced your strong legal journey and commitment to the profession?

    I’m a first-generation lawyer, born into a family deeply rooted in the pharmaceutical business, a world far removed from the courts and statutes that now define my everyday life. Growing up with cerebral palsy in a small town like Dhanbad, I often felt the need to prove myself – to be seen, to be heard, and to be taken seriously. For me, the black coat was more than a symbol of the legal profession, it  signified  a  possibility – that merit could speak louder than mobility and that confidence and conviction could override any preconceived notions about ability. 

    I came to Delhi and pursued Political Science. The discipline deepened my understanding of the Constitution, legal systems, and power structures. It eventually led me to Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law where I discovered my calling in Intellectual Property law. 

    My personal experience instilled in me a deep sense of resilience, to persist, adapt, and advocate in a world not always built for difference.  At the same time, my academic grounding in Political Science gave me a strong structural lens helping me understand laws and  their intricate interplay with legal systems and institutions.  

    This foundation, combined with lived experience, has shaped not just how I view the law but how I approach Intellectual Property, with empathy for creators and right holders,  strategic thinking for brand protection, and a deep sense of purpose in safeguarding invention.  

    In the early phase of your career, you worked  in a full-service law firm and an independent  general practitioner. What motivated your transition into intellectual property law, and how did those foundational years shape your current approach to IP practice? 

    In the early phase of my career, working with a full-service law firm and an independent  general practitioner exposed me to the breadth and intensity of legal practice – from civil suits to commercial disputes. It was a rigorous training ground that honed my advocacy, research, and drafting skills. 

    I began noticing how deeply brands, trademarks,  domain names, content, and technology were getting intertwined with legal disputes. I was drawn to the unique intersection of law, commerce, and creativity that intellectual property law offered. The shift to IP felt organic—it allowed me to work not just reactively in disputes, but also proactively with creators, individuals and businesses to safeguard what they were building. 

    Those foundational litigation years instilled in me a detail-oriented, strategic mindset. They taught me how to anticipate risks, think like a litigator even in advisory work, and approach IP not in isolation, but in its commercial and legal context. 

    You’ve represented clients in domain name disputes before WIPO and INDRP. Could you walk us through your experience in this space? What are some of the key legal and strategic challenges entities commonly face in such matters? 

    The legal framework under both WIPO’s UDRP and India’s INDRP is robust but exacting, placing the onus on the Complainant to establish three core elements: (1) that the domain is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark in which it has rights, (2) that the registrant lacks legitimate interests in the domain, and (3) that the domain has been registered and is being used in bad faith. While WIPO offers quicker, globally recognized redress—typically resolving disputes within 60–75 days—INDRP is key for .in domain disputes and may take 3–6 months or more due to procedural flexibilities and single-arbitrator handling under NIXI.

    Success before both forums relies heavily on the Complainant’s ability to present comprehensive evidence, including proof of trademark rights, prior and continuous use, and supporting documentation like screenshots of misuse, WHOIS records, archived web content, and prior communications. This evidence must clearly align with the legal criteria, particularly to demonstrate the registrant’s bad faith and lack of legitimate interest. The process is evidence-driven and leaves little room for error.

    One of the significant challenges is that infringers often hide behind privacy services or proxy registrations, making it harder to trace the true registrant. WIPO has mechanisms in place to request unmasking, usually coordinated with the registrar, though it’s not guaranteed. INDRP poses more hurdles due to NIXI’s limited procedural transparency and lack of early disclosure protocols. In such cases, complainants must rely on circumstantial and digital forensics—such as WHOIS history, DNS and IP data, website metadata, and linkages across abusive registrations—to build a strong, inferential case.

    While dealing with software piracy and advising software firms, what major trends and challenges have you observed globally? How do you think India’s legal and enforcement mechanisms compare with international frameworks in addressing piracy?

    Software piracy today has evolved into a highly complex and dynamic threat, fuelled by digital proliferation and the increasing sophistication of infringers. We’ve seen a decisive shift from physical duplication to digital piracy, with unauthorized downloads, license key sharing, and hacked installations spreading through torrent sites, web platforms, and even on social media and e-commerce portals. A major trend is the rise of ‘cracked’ enterprise solutions being sold at a fraction of their actual price, often through resellers masquerading as legitimate vendors. In the SaaS ecosystem, misuse takes subtler forms – such as license overuse, unauthorized API calls, credential stuffing, and cloning of proprietary software models.

    From a comparative lens, India’s enforcement mechanisms have strengthened in recent years. Courts have become more proactive in granting Anton Piller orders, John Doe orders, and dynamic injunctions to block rogue websites. The IT Act and Rules coupled with the Copyright Act, provides a statutory framework for enforcement, and cybercrime units in metro cities are increasingly equipped to tackle software piracy, especially in B2B settings.

    However, when compared with jurisdictions like the U.S., EU, or even Singapore, India still lags in certain areas- particularly in digital forensics, quick takedown protocols and cross-border enforcement cooperation. Lack of digital IP expertise in certain enforcement bodies and different judicial approaches to damages also pose challenges.

    To combat this, software companies must take a multi-pronged strategy: strong, enforceable EULAs with audit rights; proactive license tracking using Software Asset Management (SAM) tools; deployment of digital watermarking and DRM technologies; and active online surveillance of infringing platforms. Legal action must often be supported by pre-suit investigations to establish unauthorized use, followed by civil enforcement and, where appropriate, criminal prosecution. 

    The most effective anti-piracy efforts globally involve a mix of litigation, technology, partnerships with enforcement agencies, and user education, something India is slowly but surely aligning itself. 

    You’ve also championed client interests during mediations at the Delhi High Court Mediation Centre. In your view, how effective is mediation in resolving complex IP disputes, and what role does it play in balancing commercial and legal interests?

    Mediation, especially in the context of IP disputes, can be a remarkably effective tool when approached with the right mindset. At the Delhi High Court Mediation Centre, I’ve seen firsthand how it creates space for parties to move beyond rigid legal positions and engage in commercially meaningful dialogue. Unlike litigation, which is often adversarial and time-consuming, mediation allows for tailored, confidential, and business-sensitive solutions, making it particularly valuable in high-stakes IP matters. 

    In disputes involving brand reputation, time-to-market pressures or ongoing commercial relationships, mediation offers the flexibility to craft outcomes that litigation may not be equipped to provide, such as licensing arrangements, joint ventures, or mutually acceptable phased withdrawals. Pre-suit mediation, in particular, has emerged as a powerful tool to resolve conflicts early, avoid escalation, and maintain goodwill – saving time, cost, and reputational strain.

    Ultimately, mediation helps balance legal rights with commercial realities. It empowers clients to co-create outcomes that serve both legal and business interests. In an IP landscape shaped by innovation and speed, mediation is increasingly becoming a strategic first step—particularly effective in resolving disputes early and efficiently, with the exception of aggravated cases of infringement or passing off that merit litigation.

    Having advised multinational clients in sectors such as automotive, pharmaceuticals, e-commerce, and hospitality, what unique IP challenges have you seen in the automotive sector? What preventive strategies would you recommend to avoid trademark issues early on?

    The automotive sector in India faces distinct IP challenges due to its vast supply chain, aggressive branding strategies, and a rapidly growing aftermarket ecosystem.  Trademark infringement today extends beyond core brand names and registered marks to include sub-brands, model names, variant tags, and even alphanumeric identifiers. Infringers, particularly in the spare parts and accessories markets, routinely misuse these marks to falsely suggest association or compatibility to original vehicle manufacturers (the rightful IP holders). This not only dilutes brand equity but also risks consumer deception and safety, especially when counterfeit or substandard parts and accessories are involved. 

    A common defence invoked by unauthorised sellers is Section 30(2)(d) of the Trade Marks Act, which allows the use of a registered mark to indicate the intended purpose of a product or service (e.g., “compatible with Brand X”). However, this defence is not absolute. The protection under the provision ceases to apply where the use is not in accordance with honest industrial or commercial practices, or where it takes unfair advantage of  or is detrimental to the distinctive character or repute of the mark. In the automotive space, this line is often crossed when infringers stylise logos, mimic trade dress, or market counterfeit parts under the guise of compatibility.

    Design infringement is another major concern, especially with regard to spare parts like headlights, grills, mirrors, and alloy wheels. Many of these are reverse-engineered and sold in the grey market without authorization, undermining both brand value and consumer safety. Companies often fail to register industrial designs or delay doing so, weakening their enforcement stance in cases of replication by third-party manufacturer.

    To address this, companies must actively monitor and enforce rights not just in their principal marks but also in model-specific and component-related branding, which are often more vulnerable. Registering sub-brands and variant names in relevant classes, including digital and retail categories, is key. Furthermore, legal notices and litigation should specifically challenge bad-faith use that exceeds the scope of Section 30(2) (d) focusing on consumer confusion, deceptive marketing, and reputational harm. 

    On the design front, preventive strategies include timely registration of industrial designs for high-risk components such as headlights, mirrors, grilles, and alloy wheels, especially those with distinctive visual appeal likely to be replicated. Companies should conduct regular design audits, embed subtle identifiers to support enforcement, and use border enforcement mechanisms to block infringing imports. Where misuse persists, design infringement lawsuits under the Designs Act, 2000—seeking injunctions, damages, and delivery of infringing goods—are vital tools to deter copycats and affirm rights. Combined with trademark enforcement, these steps help safeguard brand equity and product integrity across the automotive ecosystem.

    You’ve often mentored and guided younger professionals. What advice would you offer to law students or litigators looking to shift to IP law, and what resources or habits can help them stay competitive and updated in this fast-evolving domain? 

    For law students or litigators looking to transition into IP law, my first piece of advice would be: ‘cultivate curiosity’. It is important to ground yourself in the fundamentals—copyrights, trademarks, patents, and designs but it is equally imperative to go beyond textbooks. Following case law developments and tracking decisions of various courts, as well as international bodies like WIPO and dispute resolution platforms like INDRP, is essential. These decisions not only reflect how the law is being interpreted in real time but also reveal emerging trends, judicial attitudes, and strategic nuances that shape IP enforcement and protection.

    Using legal search engines like Manupatra and Westlaw, staying tuned into online news portals such as Live Law and Bar & Bench, and regularly reading blogs like SpicyIP and IPKat are excellent ways to stay updated. Newsletters, national and international legal magazines and webinars (hosted by bar associations or IP firms) also offer timely insights into evolving jurisprudence and policy shifts.  

    I would recommend interning with or working alongside seasoned practitioners. Many young professionals grow the most by observing and absorbing. Simply being in the room with experienced lawyers, watching how they interpret statutes, craft arguments and strategy and navigate court dynamics can shape your legal thinking in ways that are both subtle and lasting. Know the procedure as regards court filings and court practice. Most importantly, stay open to learning and listening whether from seniors, peers, or juniors. The humility will keep you sharp and grounded. 

    Balancing demanding professional responsibilities with personal well-being is no small feat. How do you manage this balance, and what practices or mindset have helped you stay grounded over the years? 

    Balancing the intensity of legal practice with personal well-being has been one of the most challenging and ongoing lessons of my career. In the early years, it was easy to get swept up in the long hours and high-pressure deadlines and the constant push to prove myself. But over time, I’ve come to realize that sustainability in this profession requires more than endurance, it needs intentionality, boundaries and deliberate pauses. 

    Balance comes from prioritizing high-impact tasks and pressing deadlines, while simultaneously planning a clear roadmap for research, preparation, and argument execution in other matters. This structured approach ensures that urgent work is handled efficiently without losing sight of long-term responsibilities, helping me stay steady, focused, and prepared across all fronts. 

    Spending time with family and friends, engaging in conversations beyond law, and learning to disconnect have become vital. Music, movies, and books are more than just breaks, they’re essential tools to break monotony, spark creativity, and keep me grounded.

    From being mentored by senior lawyers to independently handling high-stakes litigation, your journey has been marked by growth and learning. What are some of the most valuable lessons you’ve carried forward, especially when it comes to leadership and courtroom advocacy?

    Every journey has its highs and lows, and mine has been no exception. I did make my share of mistakes in the early years – be it in court, professional interactions, or even client handling. Each misstep became a valuable lesson. I learnt to face embarrassment, accept feedback, and grow from it. One of the most important lessons was to remain both tenacious in facing challenges and malleable enough to learn from seniors and peers—an essential balance not just at the start, but throughout one’s legal career.

    I’m deeply grateful for the mentorship I received, especially from Mr. Achuthan Shreekumar, Mr. Saif Khan and Ms. Binny Kalra in my early years. They taught me to take full ownership of my work, to be meticulous in my preparation, and to argue with clarity, conviction, and courage. These values continue to guide me through complex matters and high-pressure situations in court with balance and self-belief. 

    Observing some of the finest legal minds during my legal career has been my privilege. It has helped me absorb the nuances of court craft, statutory interpretation, and legal strategy, often through a quiet process of osmosis.

    Equally important have been the lessons in procedural rigour, understanding filings, registry practices, court processes, and client coordination. Perhaps most importantly, I’ve learned to listen, whether to seniors, peers, or juniors. Staying open and receptive has I’ve imbibed the importance of discipline, resilience, ethics, and a commitment to timeline – qualities that help build a legal culture that respects creativity, integrity, and innovation.  

    As a lawyer with cerebral palsy, you’ve spoken powerfully about inclusion and structural challenges. What changes would you like to see in the legal industry to make it more accessible, and how can organizations move from intent to implementation on this aspect?

    Navigating the legal profession as a differently-abled lawyer has been a mixed journey. I’ve been fortunate to encounter mentors and colleagues who valued my credentials and potential over visible physical limitations. Despite the same, I’ve also faced scepticism—about whether I could handle the physical demands of litigation or keep pace in a high-pressure environment. These misconceptions stem from deeper social conditioning around disability and competence. The only real way to counter them is through consistent performance, meaningful outcomes, and quiet persistence.

    Over time, I’ve realised the issue isn’t about access to opportunity. Many firms today are open to hiring professionals with disabilities, especially as diversity becomes a core organisational value. The real challenge lies in organisations being  truly disability-cognizant beyond the point of entry. 

    Genuine inclusion means going beyond symbolic representation—it requires accessible infrastructure, assistive tech and software apps, flexible work schedules. Most importantly, more organisations need to invest in inclusive training across teams and levels and to build  a culture rooted in empathy, understanding, and intentional dialogue. Equally important is addressing ‘disability blindness’—the expectation that disabled professionals meet identical performance standards without acknowledging their physical limitation or the systemic barriers they navigate. It must be understood that true inclusion lies in recognising difference, not ignoring it and creating conditions that enable success on equal terms. 

    Looking ahead, how do you see IP law evolving over the next decade, especially with the rise of AI-generated content, deepfakes, and non-traditional trademarks? What key reforms or innovations do you think are essential to future-proof the IP framework?

    Over the next decade, IP law in India will be under mounting pressure to modernise in response to rapid technological advances. AI generated content fundamentally challenges the traditional copyright framework, which is centred on human authorship and originality. As machines autonomously create literary, artistic, and musical works, existing laws struggle to define ownership, liability, and infringement. To address this, regulatory clarity is essential either through specific amendments to the Copyright Act or by introducing sui generis protections tailored to AI generated  and machine generated content. 

    To address deepfake misuse, India’s IP regime must strengthen personality rights to prevent unauthorized digital cloning of a person’s image, voice, or likeness, especially for commercial use. There must be an expansion of the scope of ‘misrepresentation’ under  trademark and passing-off laws to cover deepfake endorsements or AI-generated impersonations that mislead consumers or dilutes brand identity. 

    Additionally, there must  be  an introduction of mandatory disclosure or watermarking requirements for AI-generated or manipulated content, especially on social media or commercial platforms, to ensure transparency and traceability. Lastly, there is a need of faster takedown mechanisms and intermediary liability guidelines tailored to AI and deepfake content under IP enforcement rules, empowering right holders to act swiftly.

    Trademark law must evolve to protect non-traditional marks like sound, scent, motion, and holograms. With businesses increasingly operating in digital-first or virtual environments, including the metaverse,  the law must address how trademarks function when use is no longer confined to physical goods or services. This will require not only legislative amendments but also updated examination guidelines, jurisprudence, and technological competence within the Trademark Registry and Judiciary. 

    Get in touch with Karan Kamra –

  • “Reflecting on my journey, from a wide-eyed intern in Mr. Jethmalani’s chambers to leading Asal Legal Solution LLP, my greatest takeaway is that advocacy is a blend of conviction and compassion.” – Akash Kakade, Advocate Supreme Court of India.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    Early in your career, you had the opportunity to work with various big names in the legal field. What were some of the most enriching experiences from those formative years that deepened your passion for the legal profession?

    The privilege of working under legal titans like Mr. Ram Jethmalani and Mr. Fali S. Nariman during my early years was akin to stepping into a masterclass in advocacy. In 2007, while interning with Mr. Jethmalani, I was thrust into the frenetic pace of a high-profile criminal case at the Supreme Court. I vividly recall his electrifying presence in court, where he dismantled a prosecution’s argument with razor-sharp logic and an almost theatrical flair. One evening, as we prepared for a hearing in the high-profile Jessica Lall murder case, he shared a gem: “The law is not just about statutes; it’s about storytelling that moves hearts and minds.” This perspective transformed my understanding of advocacy, igniting a passion for crafting compelling narratives grounded in legal rigor.

    Similarly, in 2009, assisting Mr. Nariman on a constitutional matter was a revelation. His meticulous analysis of Article 14 during a late-night briefing session taught me the art of weaving constitutional principles into practical arguments. Watching him argue before a Constitution Bench, I saw how his calm demeanour and scholarly depth commanded respect, reinforcing my belief that advocacy is as much about integrity as it is about intellect. These experiences cemented my love for the courtroom, where law becomes a living instrument of justice. I also remember an incidence where he asked me to draft something several times thereafter just near my breakpoint, asked me to get all the drafts and approved the 1st draft which I had shared saying it was the best one and I ought to have shown it to him. I didn’t understand the meaning of it then, however over a period of time I realised he taught me several valuable professional and life lessons through it.

    Your academic and professional background is both impressive and diverse. Could you take us back to the initial experiences that sparked your interest in the field of law?

    My fascination with law was born when our family friend Mr Jethmalani visited our home at Nagpur and there were tons of people there to visit him. I belong to a freedom fighters family and a family which has always been into social work, i was used to people visiting home. However people visiting Mr Jethmalani had a different approach and the respect commanded by him simply left an everlasting and permanent impression on me. He asked me “what I want to become when I grow up?”, I naively asked him, “what do you do?”, to which he said “I am a lawyer son”, so I promptly replied that I want to become a lawyer as well. That is the 1st time I said that and it was etched in my mind since then, as a teenager in 2001. That moment was electric, it showed me the law’s power to uplift the voiceless and the respect one commands with being true to one’s profession. My school debates on issues like caste discrimination and women’s rights further fueled this spark, as I realized advocacy could bridge ideals and action.

    This conviction led me to pursue a B.A. LL.B. at RTM Nagpur University, where I immersed myself in moot courts and legal aid clinics. A particularly memorable experience was organizing a legal awareness camp for rural farmers and downtrodden on the occasion of Dusshera Festival in Nagpur under the aegis of our political science professor , where I explained various faucets of laws in Marathi, my mother tongue. Seeing their faces light up with newfound understanding solidified my resolve to make law accessible and impactful, setting the course for my career.

    Your educational journey from RTM Nagpur University to Queen Mary University of London is inspiring. What motivated you to pursue an LL.M. in Commercial and Corporate Law abroad, and in what ways has that international exposure shaped your current practice before the Supreme Court of India?

    The decision to pursue an LL.M. at Queen Mary University of London was driven by a realization that India’s legal landscape was becoming increasingly globalized. By 2010, I had seen how multinational corporations and cross-border disputes were reshaping commercial litigation in India. I chose Queen Mary for its reputation in international commercial law and arbitration, aiming to master the nuances of global legal frameworks. The program’s modules, International Commercial Arbitration, Commercial Conflict of Laws, and Intellectual Property in Creative Industries, were intellectually exhilarating, challenging me to think beyond Indian jurisprudence.

    A defining moment was my dissertation on pre-arbitral interim relief, which required analysing cases from multiple jurisdictions. This global perspective proved invaluable when I returned to India. For instance, in the ABG Shipyard Swiss Challenge Process case at the Supreme Court, my understanding of international insolvency frameworks allowed me to craft arguments that aligned Indian law with global best practices. My London experience also honed my ability to navigate cultural and legal diversity, enabling me to represent clients like PT. Bara Daya Energi etc. with confidence. Today, this international lens informs my Supreme Court practice, blending global insights with constitutional rigor.

    You’ve appeared in several high-profile Constitution Bench matters, including the EWS Reservation and PMLA Validity cases. How have such landmark litigations influenced your legal philosophy and approach to constitutional interpretation?

    Appearing in Constitution Bench matters like the EWS Reservation and Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) Validity cases has been a humbling and transformative journey. The EWS case, which upheld reservations for economically weaker sections, taught me the importance of purposive interpretation to advance social justice. I recall a heated courtroom exchange where we debated the balance between equality and affirmative action, moments that underscored the Constitution’s role as a living document adapting to societal needs.

    The PMLA case, challenging the validity of stringent anti-money laundering provisions, was equally profound. It highlighted the delicate interplay between state power and individual liberties, shaping my belief in proportionality as a cornerstone of constitutional interpretation. These cases have instilled a legal philosophy that views the Constitution as a dynamic framework, requiring advocates to harmonize fundamental rights with directive principles. My approach now emphasizes rigorous research, contextual analysis, and a commitment to ensuring that constitutional interpretations serve both justice and the public good.

    As the Founding Managing Partner of Asal Legal Solution LLP, how do you navigate the demands of leadership while actively engaging in high-stakes litigation before the Supreme Court? What motivated you to establish your own practice in the first place?

    Leading Asal Legal Solution LLP while litigating before the Supreme Court demands a delicate balance of vision, discipline, and teamwork. As Founding Managing Partner since, I’ve built a firm that thrives on collaboration and innovation. I delegate research and drafting to a talented team of associates, empowering them to take ownership while I focus on courtroom advocacy and strategy. We use case management software (Libra) to streamline workflows, ensuring I can prepare for high-stakes cases like the Maratha Reservation matter without compromising firm operations. Evening team meetings foster open communication, allowing us to tackle complex cases with agility.

    My motivation to establish Asal Legal stemmed from a desire to create a practice that blends ethical advocacy with client-centric innovation. After years at Desai & Associates, I saw an opportunity to address gaps in legal services, particularly for clients navigating both Indian and international jurisdictions. Founding my own firm allowed me to take on diverse cases, from constitutional benches to international arbitrations, while mentoring the next generation of advocates. This independence has been liberating, enabling me to shape a legacy of impactful litigation.

    Your consistent involvement in social initiatives, particularly through the Maratha Sewa Sangh, reflects a strong commitment to public service. How do you strike a balance between your legal practice and social responsibilities?

    My involvement with Maratha Sewa Sangh and other initiatives is a natural extension of my belief that law must serve society and as a member of society one must give back to the society. As President of its Legal Cell since 2023, I’ve spearheaded legal aid camps and policy advocacy for marginalized communities, often working late evenings after court hours. For instance, organizing the first All India Conference for Rashtriya Maratha Seva Sangh was a logistical challenge, but my team’s support at Asal Legal ensured seamless coordination. I allocate specific days for social initiatives, using weekends for community outreach while reserving weekdays for litigation.

    This balance is fuelled by my conviction that legal expertise carries a responsibility to uplift. My team handles routine legal tasks, freeing me to draft policy recommendations or write columns for Organiser and Kashmir Canvas. These activities recharge me, as the gratitude of a farmer understanding his land rights or a student inspired by a legal talk mirrors the fulfilment I find in courtroom victories. This synergy ensures that my legal practice and social commitments reinforce each other.

    For law students aspiring to build a litigation practice like yours, what advice would you offer? What skills, mindset, or resources do you believe are essential for excelling in this demanding field?

    To law students dreaming of a litigation career, my advice is to embrace the grind with passion and purpose. Litigation is a marathon, not a sprint, so cultivate resilience to navigate setbacks like losing a case or facing a tough bench. Key skills include:

    • Legal Research: Be well versed with law and for that master platforms like SCC Online in order to build airtight arguments.
    • Drafting: Hone the art of concise, persuasive pleadings, every word matters in court.
    • Oral Advocacy: Practice clarity and confidence through moot courts and mock trials.
    • Networking: Seek mentorship from senior advocates; my internships with Mr. Jethmalani and others were game-changers.

    Adopt a growth mindset, view challenges as opportunities to learn as was taught to be by Mr Nariman. Early in my career, a dismissed petition taught me to anticipate judicial perspectives, sharpening my strategy. Resources like legal journals, bar association seminars, and internships in litigation chambers are invaluable. Above all, uphold integrity and empathy; clients trust advocates who fight for their cause with heart. Stay curious, stay ethical, and let your passion for justice drive you.

    Litigation can be incredibly intense and high-pressure. How do you manage the stress that comes with maintaining a rigorous legal practice, and what do you do to safeguard your mental well-being?

    The intensity of Supreme Court litigation, where deadlines loom and stakes soar, demands a robust approach to stress management. I start each day with 30 minutes of yoga and meditation, a ritual that grounds me and sharpens focus. A particularly vivid memory is meditating before arguing the auction case, which calmed my nerves and clarified my arguments. Regular runs in Talkatora Gardens and a disciplined diet keep me physically resilient, countering the sedentary demands of legal work.

    Professionally, I rely on my team at Asal Legal to share the load, delegating research and filings to avoid burnout. I set boundaries, reserving evenings for family or reading historical biographies, which offer perspective on life’s pressures. My social initiatives, like blood donation camps with Maratha Sewa Sangh, are surprisingly rejuvenating, helping others reminds me of the law’s broader purpose. These practices, combined with a supportive network of peers, ensure I thrive in the high-pressure world of litigation.

    Looking back at your journey so far from internships with iconic legal figures to leading your own firm, what has been your biggest takeaway or guiding principle as a legal professional?

    Reflecting on my journey, from a wide-eyed intern in Mr. Jethmalani’s chambers to leading Asal Legal Solution LLP, my greatest takeaway is that advocacy is a blend of conviction and compassion. Whether arguing a marathon case or advising a small business like ILA Naturals, I’ve learned that the law’s true power lies in its ability to humanize disputes. My guiding principle is to approach every case with unwavering integrity and a deep understanding of the client’s story. This means not just winning arguments but ensuring justice resonates, whether for a corporation or a community. This ethos, forged through years of mentorship and practice, drives me to leave a lasting impact on both law and lives.

    Get in touch with Akash Kakade –

  • What an Engineering Mind Brings to the Legal World: Navigating Law in the U.S., EU & Beyond – Punit Gaur, Corporate Legal Advisor.

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    What inspired your shift from an engineering background to a career in law? How has your technical foundation influenced your legal practice, particularly in areas like technology contracts or regulatory compliance?

    Since my B.tech college days I always believed in learning new things whenever possible.  So, I never considered it as a shift but saw it as upskilling myself through the field of law and with time utilizing my learning from both professional degrees to provide good quality services to my clients. Because of my tech foundation I built strong problem-solving skills, learned to look at something from multiple perspectives. Also, it helps me to bridge the legal and tech communication in a better manner. I am able to ask the right questions from clients to understand their requirements. This helps me to incorporate applicable clauses according to their situation.

    For example, while working with an Australia based software company on a data privacy policy, I noticed they struggled to explain their backend structure in legal terms. Because of my engineering background, I could quickly grasp what their system actually did—how they stored, transferred, and processed user data. I translated that into GDPR-compliant language for their policy. It made the process smoother, faster, and more accurate.

    In the early stages of your legal career, you worked with a range of national and international law firms. What were some formative experiences during this time that helped deepen your understanding of the law and shape your current practice?

    Since my internship days, I got to work in so many different areas of law and I always excitedly said yes! On the litigation side I have worked on a range of cases like cheque dishonour, land acquisition, land compensation cases, high stake arbitrations, industrial disputes, commercial suits, easement cases against Highway authorities, criminal matters, etc. on the Indian side. Also, I worked on employment law cases, probate cases, and personal injury cases in the USA.

    On the corporate law side I have worked on international M&A projects, due diligence work, real estate compliance in USA and India, SaaS contracts, etc.

    The immense experience and learnings that I have received from everyone I have interacted with regarding my work is exceptional. Some taught me how to formulate arguments before district court and how to do it differently before high court, from international clients/firms I understood how legal expectations differ globally, building habit of listening more of what clients want to say to gain clarity and build structure of our thought before we I start working on any legal project. This becomes very important if you have to deliver something that aligns with the client’s purpose.

    A good example that I can think of is about my recent project with a Florida based law firm for drafting employment handbooks. One key learning I took from that experience—and now apply in my own legal practice—is the importance of proactive legal layering. I began building handbooks with layered clauses—clearly identifying what applies universally, what’s state-specific, and where updates may be required as laws evolve. Now, whether I am drafting policies, contracts, or compliance documents, I adopt this layered structure. It not only ensures accuracy but helps clients easily understand and comply with their obligations based on where they operate. This approach also makes future updates more efficient and audit-readiness much stronger. 

    You currently advise businesses across diverse jurisdictions, including the USA, EU, Singapore, and Australia. What are some of the key legal and regulatory differences you encounter, and how do you effectively manage the complexities of cross-border compliance?

    Each jurisdiction has unique laws, cultural considerations, and enforcement mechanisms, requiring tailored strategies. Like in the US, employment is largely at-will but takes all kinds of discrimination very seriously and we have to add a detailed clause for it to cover all kinds of discrimination. 

    In the EU, GDPR is one of the strictest data protection regimes and requires through check in client’s operations to decide whether GDPR applies or not and then draft data protection policy accordingly.

    Singapore is known for its business-friendly environment but has strict anti-money laundering regulations.

    It’s always something new that comes up so you have to stay updated with the laws of the country your client is operating in. For this, I stay connected with local legal experts so I get timely updates and advice if needed for a case. For cross-border legal compliance work, it is better to perform risk assessments to prioritize high risk areas like data privacy in EU, anti-corruption in USA, anti-money laundering law in Singapore etc.

    What are some of the most common pitfalls legal professionals face when negotiating and drafting high-stakes agreements such as SaaS contracts, NDAs, and Master Service Agreements? What strategies do you use to mitigate these risks?

    SaaS, NDA, MSA, are critical to business operations governing IP, service delivery, confidentiality, liability, etc. Errors can lead to financial losses, legal disputes, operations disruptions.

    Pitfall 1: ambiguous terms. For example, not defining scope of services in MSA or not clarifying termination procedure. This can allow a party to avoid its obligations using the cover of ambiguous terms of contract.

    Pitfall 2: neglecting jurisdiction specific regulations such as GDPR in SaaS contracts, minimum wages as per region to be considered before drafting employment contract, which may lead to hefty fines and an invalid contract in some jurisdictions.

    Pitfall 3: not clarifying end goals/purpose of client for drafting this agreement. Client’s intention was to have an easy exit strategy but got stuck for years in litigation due to detailed and inflexible termination clauses. It is very important to understand a client’s business goals before you start drafting any legal document be it a petition or a MSA or any other contract.

    Pitfall 4: inadequate risk allocation- liability for data breaches in SaaS contract, indemnification clauses in MSA, if not specified can expose parties to unforeseen liabilities and long running litigation cases.

    Strategies to mitigate risks:

    1.    Clarity in drafting- using clear, simple and concise language, define the key terms explicitly. I also use schedules and appendices for technical details for SaaS contracts and MSAs.

    2.    Due diligence for regulatory compliance- a thorough due diligence before drafting any contract would be helpful in anticipating risks of non-compliance. Go through laws, rules, regulations, standing orders, or whatever is applicable for your scenario to avoid such risks.

    3.    Draft practical terms: understand the client’s goals and incorporate clauses according to it. For example, in some situations it requires detailed procedure for termination and in some a brief clause would work, you have to use your experience and instincts combined with client’s goals.

    4.    Balance risk allocation: use scenario planning to reduce probability of default by a party and anticipate risk like service failures and data breaches. Definitely have clear indemnification clauses applicable to the scenario. This can only be achieved when you get clarity on what are business goals and purpose to enter such agreements by client. 

    Having incorporated over 10 businesses in the U.S., how do you ensure compliance with federal, state, and local regulations throughout the entity formation process?

    Incorporating so many businesses in the USA has taught me that compliance with all 3 levels of regulations is critical. After I incorporated my first few companies, I prepared a checklist which I follow regularly.

    First and foremost is to understand why the client wants to incorporate in a specific state. Whether it is easy taxation, simple compliance, less fees, quick turnaround, etc.

    Second is to figure out which entity would be the best for the client. Whether an LLC or C-Corp or S-Corp. In some situations, clients are fixed on setting up a C-Corp when clearly it would be better for their business to be an LLC. Have a good discussion with the client so that you convey all relevant points and the client can make an informed decision.

    Do your due diligence once you have answers to 1 and 2nd question. This is important to figure out all compliance documents you might require before incorporating a company. Sometimes business purposes require additional permits or zoning approvals which become relevant to get before you start operating your business.

    Once we have answers to the above 3 questions then I get ready to focus on drafting documents required for the state of incorporation like Articles of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, BOIR (Beneficial ownership information report), EIN SS-4 form, etc.

    Once these documents are ready, we file them before the state either online or by sending them physically through mail or fax.

    Having dealt with various arbitration matters over the years, what do you believe are the advantages or disadvantages of arbitration to traditional court litigation and could you share one of the most interesting arbitrations matters you’ve dealt with?

    In my experience, arbitration offers significant advantages over traditional litigation, especially in commercial disputes. It is faster, more private and allows parties to choose arbitrators with subject matter expertise, this is invaluable in technical or high value matters.

    However, it has its own challenges. Cost can escalate with institutional arbitration; limited appeal rights mean poor awards can’t be easily challenged even if flawed. Another issue is cross border disputes, for example enforcement of a foreign award does become a legal battle of its own, which takes years to decide.

    One of the interesting cases I have dealt with was an arbitration worth 9 cr between a govt institution and a company. The main issue raised by the company was that the govt contracts having unilateral arbitration clauses are invalid. However, after we submitted our evidence and read the arbitration clause along with

    What advice would you give to young professionals aspiring to build a career in international law? Are there specific skills, habits, or resources you believe are crucial for staying current in such a dynamic field?

    For someone like me who has been interested in international legal work since college days, I would recommend giving 2-3 hours daily to build a strong foundation of law and legal work for a jurisdiction you are interested to work in by focusing on research, reading civil/criminal codes, legal templates, etc. There are numerous opportunities in this field, once you start researching and reading more about different areas of law, try finding areas which intrigues you the most like employment law, data privacy, patent law, etc. and then figure out what kind of work is to be done there.

    A lawyer interested in this field must build legal research skills, negotiation skills, strong hold on your focus law, have an open mind, problem solving nature, commercial awareness, be humble and adaptable to fast changing laws.

    If someone is interested to work in this field then certain critical habits are also required like being globally minded i.e., having cultural sensitivity and adaptability to diverse perspective, ready for life long learnings, be comfortable to working odd hours since countries like US, Europe are like 9-12 hours behind so having a quick turnaround time in such odd hours do give you the edge of connecting with right people at right time specially to build trust across geographies, have high ethical standards and respect professional codes of conduct, learn to respect time because it is highly valued in international community. Just an addition though not necessary is to learn French or Spanish if you are interested, it does help if you plan for Europe.

    Regarding resources, join international legal associations like IBA, ICC, YIAG, SIAC, etc. attend various virtual webinars for your topic of interest. You can also follow certain organizations WIPO, UNICTRAL, ILO, etc. because they have provided drafts of laws which most countries follow so there is uniformity and helps build your legal foundation which can be used globally.

    Understand the role of AI but don’t rely on it completely to spoon feed you everything. It will reduce your credibility in the market. It is a friend if you use it right and might become your biggest competitor in the coming future.

    All I can say is persevere and you will reach your goals to work with international clients and law firms.

     Working in a high-stakes, fast-paced legal environment can be demanding. How do you maintain your personal well-being, and what practices help you unwind and recharge outside of work?

    What I can say is having mental clarity about working long hours regularly on odd times and being prepared for it. Consider it as your one-person company, you are working for yourself so define how many hours you are willing to work in a week for your company and be disciplined with it. Though there are days you feel low, drained or lost. So, it is important to have 1-2 persons with positive vibes around you. I meditate regularly (try Silva Method) and try to do at least 3-4 workouts with 1 day focusing on lower back and upper body posture, because you will be sitting for long hours and it definitely helps. Sit with your family, have at least 1 meal together with everyone. Once a week I go to a temple for my spiritual peace and support.

    Other than that I like going on tour to different monuments in Delhi to learn its history and romanticize more with the city I belong to.

    Get in touch with Punit Gaur –

  • “Navigating emerging frameworks means staying grounded in first principles – think accountability, data principal rights, and purpose limitation for instance.” – Kriti Trehan, Founder of Data & Co(Law & Policy Advisors).

    This interview has been published by Anshi Mudgal and The SuperLawyer Team

    You’ve worked extensively across sectors like AI, social media, e-commerce, education, and gaming. What early experiences shaped your decision to specialize in technology and regulatory law?

    I think the best way to describe it is that a series of decisions brought me to where I am today. My love of political science as a subject sent me down the path of reading law, and my desire to be the prime minister of India one day (among many other professions – across creative and public interest fields) brought me to public policy. Tech was always fascinating to me – one example that comes to mind is how I’d watch product launches and service upgrades, and visualise the journey from the present moment to a future with Irona-esque devices or Tony Stark’s Jarvis assistant. But I was also acutely cognisant of the need for an inclusive regulatory discourse surrounding technology, one that ensures a seat at the table for a cross-section of diverse perspectives. 

    My early mentors played a formative role in equipping me with the tools to understand this space and build my own voice. While tech public policy was still in its experimental stages as a profession in India, I worked on complex questions surrounding intermediary liability and safe harbour, net neutrality, and privacy. The perfect storm of innovation, impact, and uncertainty reinforced for me the need for thoughtful, future-facing tech regulations. And I realised that I loved the interpretation of law, but I was even more excited about understanding the answers to the underlying questions – of intent, of timing, of form, and of substance – and within that context ensuring that the perspective and agency of the individual remains front and centre. 

    How did your LL.M in Public International Law from LSE broaden your legal perspective, especially in navigating global tech policy? 

    LSE gave me a bird’s-eye view of how legal norms are constructed, contested, and negotiated across jurisdictions. It trained me to think beyond domestic legislation and consider global frameworks, power dynamics, and geopolitical context – skills that are essential in tech policy today. Studying international humanitarian and human rights law also deepened my own appreciation of “harms” and what they might mean in the digital world. It taught me to ask not just “is this legal,” but “is this just,” especially when advising on emerging technologies. That normative framing continues to guide my work across borders today. 

    What I am most grateful for, however, is how LSE opened up a whole new and vibrant world – of people, experiences, and contexts – that I may have read about in the past but got to actually immerse myself in-person. It impressed upon me just how numerous and diverse perspectives on a single issue can be, and how essential it is to make space for them in building the policy ecosystem of tomorrow. 

    Having worked with top law firms and major companies, what inspired you to launch Data & Co, and what is your vision for the future? 

    When I thought of my next steps, the answer was quite straightforward – I wanted to focus on the subject matter that I love – of public policy as it applies to the technology sector. Granted that this is work I’ve done for the past 11 years, but I wanted to now thoughtfully and intentionally design my focus. I’m building Data & Co to be a trusted advisor across the spectrum of regulatory stakeholders – businesses, governments, special interest groups alike – as well be a thought leader on emerging policy challenges particularly for fast moving regulatory topics like in AI, digital payments, privacy, online safety, and consumer interest. 

    Candidly, Data & Co is my professional passion project. I feel inspired to strengthen evidence-based thoughtful policy research on some of these issues, while also collaborating closely with stakeholders for cross-pollination of ideas and building a more resilient and sustainable policy ecosystem. I launched Data & Co to bridge legal nuance with public policy strategy, and to make the approach to compliance not just a checkbox, but a tool for responsible innovation. 

    A big part of my vision is to invite young minds to this work – new ideas always spark novel answers to complex problems, and that is invigorating. So at Data & Co we welcome young people to share their thinking, and be involved and productive members of the policy discourse. 

    Given your experience advising both Indian and international clients, how do you navigate evolving regulatory frameworks particularly in the area of data privacy when legal standards are still emerging and often ambiguous? 

    I treat ambiguity as an opportunity for proactive strategy rather than passive compliance. Navigating emerging frameworks means staying grounded in first principles – think accountability, data principal rights, and purpose limitation for instance. It also means scenario-planning for multiple outcomes, building privacy-by-design muscle early, and engaging constructively with regulators. My approach is typically layered – assess risk, weigh policy direction, and align with business goals, which includes maintaining the interest of the individual customer. I also find it helpful to reiterate that in navigating privacy, building and maintaining trust with data principals is crucial, and using that as a yardstick when exploring emerging regulations can be quite instructive. 

    With laws like India’s DPDP Act and the growing global focus on AI governance, what guiding principles should companies follow to ensure ethical innovation and long-term regulatory compliance? 

    I’d go back to the first principles I just mentioned. Transparency, user agency, privacy-by-design, and fairness should be embedded into product and data practices, not retrofitted after the fact. The global AI and privacy regulatory landscape may differ in specifics, but the overall direction is often informed by similar imperatives – that of protecting consumer interest. This means inculcating practices of explainability in clear and simple language, i.e. how and why personal data is collected, and how decisions on/ from/ for that personal data are made. 

    I also recommend, as a good hygiene practice, to build internal accountability structures. In doing so, cross-functional collaboration and clear documentation go a long way – in both ensuring compliance and building user trust. 

    You have helped clients through unexpected regulatory shifts. Can you share a specific example of managing a challenging case in relation to global technology regulations? 

    As public policy professionals, our goal is to work towards limiting instances of unexpected regulatory changes, and contribute constructively to the dialogue. However, every now and then there are surprises that we help our clients navigate. My goal, as the first step, is to understand what is happening, why, who it is intended for, and how it impacts my client. To do all of this, I work closely with cross-functional partners internally within my client organisation and simultaneously with regulatory stakeholders as well as peers in the industry to gain their perspectives. 

    In situations like these, I personally find clear prioritisation to be incredibly helpful – what is business-critical versus good-to-have. I think it is also essential to manage expectations with honesty, and partner productively with internal and external stakeholders. And I also use these opportunities to remind myself that agility is as important as knowledge. 

    As a woman leading at the intersection of law, tech, and policy fields traditionally dominated by men, what key challenges and leadership lessons have shaped you, and what advice would you have for others facing similar paths?

    One lesson that’s stayed with me is that while credibility is earned, confidence must often be self-issued. Early on, I had to make my peace with being the only woman, or the youngest voice, in many rooms, and to back myself even when others didn’t because of my gender or age. I advocated for inclusion and diversity in these rooms. I learned to speak up not just when I was certain, but also when I was curious. Leading now, I try to build spaces that are collaborative, inclusive, and intellectually honest. I learn from people with shared and different experiences alike, and acknowledge struggles – of the glass ceiling, of imposter syndrome, of credit-theft – that we’ve all been through. 

    My advice? Be audacious in your ideas and generous with your platform, especially for others trying to find theirs. The only way we’ll succeed in making the profession more inclusive is we intentionally make space for diverse perspectives. 

    Balancing a demanding legal practice with personal life can be challenging. How do you manage the pressures of a multifaceted career while maintaining your well-being and finding time for reflection? 

    I believe that as human beings we are the sum total of all our experiences, which includes work and leisure. I am wildly protective of both my boundaries and my ambition. 

    I have a mentor who used to tell me that outside of breaks or holidays from work, it is really important for us to find small moments of joy on a daily basis. On some days, that means logging off to cuddle with my dog (Data, my firm’s mascot), and on other days, it’s about saying no to a project that doesn’t align with my purpose. I also recognise that it is not pragmatic to believe that I can achieve mathematical balance on each day, and so I listen closely to my body and mind. I travel, read and keep myself creatively stimulated through writing, dance or art, which then translates into a fresh mind for work. The converse is also true – my creative pursuits are often informed by work imperatives! 

    And beyond that, just super tactically, I approach my time with structure and planning. I find blocking time on my calendar very helpful to visualise how I am spending my day/ year, and I remain flexible about tweaking it on the go. My goal, ultimately, is less about balance, and more about (upon reflection) my time as having brought me joy. 

    Get in touch with Kriti Trehan –

  • “Success in law requires not just technical expertise, but also an understanding of human dynamics and effective communication.” – 𝐀𝐛𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐤 𝐄𝐬𝐪., Attorney at Law, at Delhi High Court

    “Success in law requires not just technical expertise, but also an understanding of human dynamics and effective communication.” – 𝐀𝐛𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐤 𝐄𝐬𝐪., Attorney at Law, at Delhi High Court

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    You have a diverse academic background, from hotel management to law. What inspired your transition into the legal profession, and how have your experiences in corporate hospitality and business management shaped your legal career?  

    My transition from hotel management to law was driven by a deep-seated passion for advocacy and a desire to impact the corporate landscape meaningfully. It was a natural progression stemming from a deep-seated fascination with human interaction, problem-solving, and the intricate web of laws that govern our society. While working in corporate hospitality, I gained invaluable insights into business operations, customer relations, and the importance of legal frameworks in guiding ethical practices. This experience fostered my understanding of how law intersects with various industries. The dynamic and often complex nature of the hospitality industry exposed me to a myriad of legal challenges. The hospitality sector sharpened my skills in negotiation and conflict resolution, which are crucial in legal practice. Additionally, managing diverse teams allowed me to appreciate the nuances of communication and the importance of clear, actionable advice—skills that I apply daily in my legal career.

    With over 18 years of experience in industries as varied as hospitality, language industry, and legal services, what have been the key lessons learned from working in such different fields, and how have they contributed to your current practice?  

    My journey across diverse industries has been a rich tapestry of experiences that have shaped my professional perspective and enriched my current practice. Working in hospitality, language industry, and legal services has provided me with unique insights into different business cultures, communication styles, and legal frameworks. One of the most valuable lessons I have learned is the importance of adaptability and cultural sensitivity. In hospitality, I encountered clients from all walks of life, each with their own expectations and preferences. This experience taught me to approach each situation with empathy and understanding, tailoring my approach to meet their specific needs. Similarly, working in localization industry exposed me to the nuances of different languages and cultures, fostering a deep appreciation for linguistic diversity. This adaptability allows me to navigate complex legal issues with a creative mindset, drawing from different perspectives and methodologies. Another key takeaway is the power of effective communication. In all three industries, clear and concise communication is essential for building relationships, resolving disputes, and achieving desired outcomes. My experience in these fields has honed my ability to articulate complex legal concepts in a way that is easily understood by clients and stakeholders, while also fostering open and productive dialogue with opposing counsel. Lastly, my diverse background has reinforced the value of collaboration. Each sector relies on teamwork and leveraging varied skill sets to achieve common goals. This collaborative spirit enhances my ability to work effectively with clients, colleagues, and other professionals, fostering a holistic approach to legal solutions.

    You specialize in both corporate and criminal law. How do you balance the intricacies of corporate governance and criminal defense, and what unique insights have you gained from handling cases across such varied legal disciplines?  

    Balancing the intricacies of corporate and criminal law requires a delicate interplay of analytical skills, strategic thinking, and a deep understanding of the ethical and legal implications of corporate conduct. While these two areas of law may seem disparate, they are interconnected in many ways. Corporate misconduct can often lead to criminal charges, and effective corporate governance can help prevent legal and reputational risks. One of the key insights I have gained from practicing in both corporate and criminal law is the importance of understanding the broader context of a case. By analyzing the corporate culture, business practices, and regulatory environment, I can identify potential vulnerabilities and develop strategies to mitigate risks. Additionally, my experience in criminal defense has taught me the value of aggressive representation and the importance of protecting my clients’ rights. Another valuable insight is the interconnectedness of legal issues. For example, a corporate fraud case may involve complex financial transactions, regulatory violations, and potential criminal liability for individuals. By understanding the interplay of these different legal areas, I can provide comprehensive advice and develop a tailored approach to address the specific needs of my clients.

    In your experience as a corporate governance expert and Independent Director, what ethical challenges do companies commonly face, and how do you guide them through ensuring compliance and ethical business practices?  

    As a corporate governance expert and Independent Director, I have encountered a wide range of ethical challenges faced by companies. Common issues include conflicts of interest, bribery and corruption, environmental sustainability concerns, and data privacy breaches. To address these challenges, I guide companies by promoting transparency, accountability, and ethical decision-making. This involves establishing robust governance frameworks, implementing ethical policies and procedures, conducting regular risk assessments, and fostering a culture of integrity within the organization. By providing independent oversight and guidance, I help companies navigate ethical complexities and maintain a strong reputation in the marketplace. Additionally, I stress the importance of board oversight to ensure accountability and adherence to ethical standards, ultimately guiding companies toward sustainable compliance and ethical business practices.

    As a seasoned legal professional, what advice would you give to young lawyers starting their careers, especially those interested in combining multiple areas of law as you have with corporate, criminal, and commercial law? 

    To young lawyers starting their careers, I would advise them to embrace a broad-based approach to their legal education and practice. While specializing in a particular area of law can be beneficial, a diverse background can offer unique insights and opportunities. By exploring multiple areas of law, you can develop a well-rounded understanding of the legal landscape and better serve your clients’ needs. Additionally, don’t be afraid to step outside of your comfort zone and take on challenging cases. Every experience, whether positive or negative, can contribute to your professional growth and development.

    Having qualifications in both corporate law and mediation, how do you blend these seemingly contrasting roles of litigation and peaceful dispute resolution in your day-to-day practice?

    Blending my qualifications in corporate law and mediation allows me to approach disputes with a unique perspective that balances advocacy and resolution. In my day-to-day practice, I assess each situation to determine the most effective strategy. While these two approaches may seem contrasting, they are actually complementary. In many cases, mediation can be a valuable tool for resolving disputes before they escalate into litigation. By leveraging my mediation skills, I can help parties identify common ground, explore mutually beneficial solutions, and reach agreements that avoid the time, expense, and stress of a courtroom battle.

    However, there are also situations where litigation may be necessary to protect clients’ rights or interests. In such cases, my corporate law expertise enables me to develop a strong legal strategy, advocate effectively in court, and negotiate favourable settlements when appropriate.

    As the founder of “Legal Eloquence” and an advocate for continuous learning, how do you mentor young lawyers and legal professionals in developing both technical legal skills and the softer skills required for success in the industry?  

    In today’s rapidly evolving legal landscape, marked by advancements in artificial intelligence and the increasing complexity of legal issues, success requires a multifaceted approach. At “Legal Eloquence,” we believe that thriving as a legal professional, demands not only a strong foundation of technical legal skills but also a deep understanding of human dynamics and effective communication. To mentor young lawyers and legal professionals, we focus on developing both aspects of their professional development. On the technical side, we provide comprehensive training in legal research, writing, and analysis, equipping them to navigate the complexities of the legal system and understand the ethical implications of their practice. We emphasize the importance of staying up-to-date with legal developments and industry trends, including the integration of AI tools into legal workflows.

    However, we also recognize that the legal profession is increasingly interpersonal. Therefore, we invest in developing the softer skills that are essential for building relationships, communicating effectively, and navigating the challenges of the legal workplace. By fostering a culture of continuous learning and professional development, we aim to inspire the next generation of legal leaders.

    Your background includes working with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters. How do you see interdisciplinary collaboration between lawyers and other professionals (like environmental scientists) playing a role in corporate legal strategies in the future?  

    Interdisciplinary collaboration between lawyers and professionals such as environmental scientists will be crucial in shaping corporate legal strategies related to ESG matters, particularly in the context of Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR). This collaboration enables organizations to align legal compliance with environmental objectives, ensuring that their strategies meet BRSR requirements while addressing sustainability challenges. By integrating legal expertise with scientific insights, companies can develop comprehensive frameworks that not only enhance compliance but also drive innovation and responsible practices, ultimately fostering greater transparency and accountability in their operations.

    With such a demanding and diverse career, how do you find time to unwind and recharge? Are there any specific activities or hobbies that help you maintain a healthy work-life balance?  

    Balancing a demanding and diverse career with personal well-being is essential for long-term success and happiness. I prioritize unwinding through activities that allow me to disconnect and recharge.

    One of my favourite ways to relax is spending time in nature. I enjoy hiking, gardening, and simply being outdoors. Additionally, I find meditation and mindfulness practices to be invaluable tools for managing stress and maintaining focus. Regular exercise, such as jogging and yoga, helps me clear my mind and stay physically fit. Additionally, I enjoy reading, both fiction and non-fiction, as it provides an escape and stimulates my creativity. Spending time with family and friends is also vital; it keeps me grounded and offers a supportive network. Finally, I dedicate time to hobbies like cooking and exploring new cuisines, which not only relaxes me but also adds a personal touch to my life outside of work. These activities collectively help me maintain focus and energy in my professional endeavors.

    Get in touch with Abhishek ESQ-

  • “Starting my independent practice felt like a calling, but it was like graduating all over again. The learning curve was steep, the hours long, but the support I received was overwhelming.” – Mohit Mudgal, Independent consultant at Mudgal Law Chambers

    “Starting my independent practice felt like a calling, but it was like graduating all over again. The learning curve was steep, the hours long, but the support I received was overwhelming.” – Mohit Mudgal, Independent consultant at Mudgal Law Chambers

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Could you please share what inspired you to pursue law, and how your journey from a student to an established advocate shaped your perspective on the legal profession?  

    I am an accidental lawyer. I come from a background of a wide array of professionals, including engineers, doctors, academicians, and armed forces veterans. During my school days, I was keen to serve in the armed forces growing up in a defence household. However, as a turn of fate, I could not take the NDA examination since I was severely unwell on the day of the exam. Luckily for me, at that time, the curriculum for the NDA entrance examination and LLB courses used to broadly overlap, so I could sit for the LLB examinations and qualify for the 5 year integrated law course at Amity Law School, GGSIPU. The thought of pursuing law as a profession, without any familial guidance, was both daunting and at the same time, exciting. As my college was based in Delhi, throughout the tenure of my course, I interned at various law offices practising diverse spheres of law after college hours. This developed my interest in the profession while giving me invaluable exposure to real practice outside of classrooms and an understanding of the legal profession in its practicality. 

    At the inspection of your career, you started working with the magic circle firm –  Clifford Chance. What motivated you to shift your focus to active litigation and dispute resolution in India? How did this transition add a new dimension to your understanding of the law?  

    Around the time of my graduation in 2009, the global economic crisis was going on and the future seemed uncertain. In this background, opportunities and recruitment offers were few and far between. When I got an offer from Clifford Chance’s Indian office (now known as Clifford Chance Business Services) as a campus placement, I decided to take it up – even though it departed from my conventional choice of work –litigation and disputes. Working here provided an entirely new exposure where I was part of international transactions while interacting with top legal brains across the globe. Apart from the learnings in the field of law, this role helped me understand various global professional standards and work etiquette. After having honed my skills in this role for a year, I decided it was time to explore litigation & dispute resolution (my most preferred area of interest during my internships) and don robes!

    In 2018, you established the Chambers of Mohit K. Mudgal. Could you share the story behind starting your independent practice?  

    During my formative years in litigation and dispute resolution, I was fortunate to come across offices that provided great mentorship, a wide array of work and ample opportunity.

    From 2013-2018, I worked in Karanjawala and Co. where I gained invaluable exposure while advising and representing some of the biggest corporate houses and public figures. The issues involved in my work there ranged from complex high-value commercial disputes to matters of public importance being heard by constitutional benches of the Supreme Court. A large part of my work was briefing prominent senior advocates on complex issues which required one to be very thorough – not only with the brief but also with the law. 

    In 2018, I mustered the courage to venture into independent practice. Being a first-generation lawyer, the decision was not taken lightly. Having my practice felt like a calling to me, something I had wanted to do since day one. However, starting independent practice was like graduating all over again – the learning curve was steep and the hours were (and still are) long and exhausting. I was blessed to receive support from all corners – my previous employers, seniors at the bar, and even my peers. I am grateful for the trust bestowed upon me by these people in those initial years of independent practice. 

    As an expert in electricity laws, what challenges do you face in this niche area? How do you see the evolution of energy law in India in the coming years? 

    Electricity law is complex work that requires you to have a keen sector-specific expertise. It needs one to unlearn everything one knows about general legal principles and approach the field with a fresh perspective. The usual tricks of the trade do not always work in these forums, as the subject matter is very technical and the judges/ adjudicators are very clued in to these nuances. There is also a lack of organized dissemination of information when it comes to Electricity Laws. Some of senior lawyers provide

    When I started electricity work in 2018, there were very few established names in this sector. However, the last 6 years, it has seen a mushrooming of both work and lawyers in these tribunals. Given the vision of the country towards electrification of rural India coupled with the transition to green energy from conventional sources,  I believe that the sector shall continue to expand at a rapid and exponential pace over the next 10 – 15 years, at the very least. 

    Alongside your work, you are actively involved in providing legal aid to the needy. How important do you think pro bono work is in the legal profession, and how has it influenced your approach to justice and fairness?  

    I always tell my junior friends at the bar and my office – to be thankful for their privilege and what they’ve received, and always dedicate some time to those who can’t afford to pay for legal services. We make it a point to try and help every such person who knocks at my door and encourage the same in my office. It is a service to society and makes you a better lawyer and human being.  

    With the evolving legal landscape, what advice would you give to young lawyers and law students who aspire to excel in litigation and dispute resolution? What skills should they develop to succeed in today’s competitive environment?  

    While embracing technology in today’s time, the young lawyer can churn out results like never before and in record time. However, in this endeavour, it is paramount not to lose sight of the old-school ways of taking up the rigour and hard work to be well-read and researched.  The gestation period in mainstream litigation is long and young lawyers should not give up easily or early. Do not look at others and yearn for more or feel like you’ve been dealt an unfair hand- the comparator is always yourself. You set your standards and those are the only markers you have to live up to. 

    As someone who has transitioned from a global law firm to running your practice, how do you approach mentorship within your team? What qualities do you look for in budding lawyers, and how do you help them develop their skills and careers?  

    Mentorship is one of the hardest and most rewarding aspects of this profession. It gives me immense pleasure to see my junior colleagues thriving and learning to problem-solve on their own. 

    Ownership and responsibility are something I always look for in budding lawyers. I always throw them in the deep end and give them all the tools and resources they need to do a good job, including guidance from me. I want their ambition and drive to be so high, and their performance so good, that they should be able to replace me on a brief. That is when I know I am doing a good job!

    What qualities do you observe in current law graduates, and where do you think they might be lacking in skills? 

    Current law graduates are mostly worldly wise and confident. However, often this confidence is misplaced owing to the lack of the basic understanding and reading of the law. The practice of law is hard work and dedication which requires one to have immense patience and perseverance. This is a taxing profession and gets the best out of us. Unless we put in the hours, we can never reap the rewards. 

    Given the demanding nature of your work in litigation, arbitration, and mediation, how do you unwind and manage stress? Are there any particular hobbies or activities you enjoy that help you relax and maintain a work-life balance?  

    Music is a part of my daily routine which helps me unwind. I’m catching a live gig over most weekends given the time! I enjoy sports and am a fairly outdoorsy person. I particularly enjoy trekking, boxing, cricket, badminton and the occasional poker game!

    Get in touch with Mohit Mudgal-

  • “Whether in litigation or corporate advisory, balancing dynamic challenges requires not just legal skills but also an entrepreneurial mindset.” – Ramaiya Narayan Sharma, General Legal Consultant at R&R Advocates Law Office

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    Could you please share what initially sparked your interest in law and how your early experiences at ILS Law College and Crawford Bayley & Co. shaped your legal career?

    Well, an interest in law sparked since it was a technical field for students after high school (12th) who did not want or rather could not become doctors or engineers, could join five five-year integrated law courses. I wanted to pursue a technical field rather than going for a simple graduation of three years and then preparing for civil services (UPSC) or any State government jobs, etc.  The five-year integrated law course was in trend at that time in the year 1998. Further, the third year of the law degree i.e., Bachelor of Socio-Legal Sciences (BSL) of the five-year law course was considered and treated as equivalent to any graduation degree. Hence one had the flexibility to switch from law and pursue a job, take government examinations, etc. after completing the third year of the five-year law course. Lastly, the five-year law course also saved an additional year for those who did not want to graduate from any stream for three years and then pursue the conservative law course for an additional three years.

    As regards ILS Law College Pune, I must say it is a complete institution for shaping someone who wants to make his or her career in law. The campus, the Library and the faculty were at our time and even now the best. At that time in 1998, I also had an offer to join Symbiosis Law College, Pune but I chose ILS for the reasons above.

    After passing out law from ILS Law College Pune, I got placed in Crawford Bayley & Co. Mumbai in their customs and central excise department. It was a Solicitor’s firm where I learnt about how do firms practise and functions. As a novice, I had to do lots of research work, file reading, notes preparation, and brief keeping and assist seniors both in courts as well as back office. Initially working here taught me a lot. 

    From starting as an Advocate Assistant to holding senior roles in renowned companies, how has your understanding of the legal profession evolved over the years?

    I pursued law as a means to earn my bread and butter. Initially, like many, I was unsure of where I would land in this profession because it is such a diverse field. One thing was clear: I had to learn and earn. In my view, what we study or do during our law degree is primarily for passing exams and obtaining a license. The real challenge begins when we have to apply that knowledge practically once we start working. The learning process is never-ending in this profession. Everyone will agree that we are learning every day because the law is always evolving based on facts, needs, and circumstances. Laws are amended, updated, and are dynamic.

    I have learned throughout my journey, starting as an Advocate Assistant in law firms, moving to corporate houses as an in-house counsel and head, and even now as an independent legal counsel. As an in-house counsel, my role focused more on addressing business and commercial needs with the laws applicable to the industries I was supporting. On the other hand, as an independent counsel, I am responsible for ensuring the overall execution of legal strategies.

    As an in-house counsel, I relied heavily on timely feedback and inputs from the business team to achieve the best results. Therefore, networking and maintaining good relationships with the business team were crucial. In both in-house and independent roles, the application of any law, strategy, or action in a given scenario can only be effective when we have the correct and relevant facts.

    Having been part of both in-house and independent setups has given me valuable insight into what is expected from me in any given assignment. Additionally, as lawyers, whether in-house or otherwise, we must stay up-to-date with technology, computers, legal software, and MS Office, as these tools enhance our efficiency and boost overall productivity.

    What motivated you to establish R&R Advocates Law Office in 2020?  

    I have been in a job for a long time either in law firms initially or as an in-house and head legal later with domestic and multinational corporate houses. I wanted to give it a try to independent work. Some of my well-wishers from the industries I worked with, their trust and networking motivated me to establish my office fully in January 2022 although I had initiated the setup in October 2020. 

    With your extensive experience in arbitration, can you share key strategies that have helped you successfully resolve complex disputes without resorting to court battles? 

    The strategies would depend on the stage of the arbitration proceedings one is involved in. If we are defending or initiating arbitration, it may ultimately be difficult to avoid a court battle, as either party is likely to challenge the arbitration award. In my experience, I have not encountered a situation where the parties involved in arbitration have fully accepted the award without further dispute. However, from a commercial standpoint, there may be opportunities for the parties to negotiate before the commencement of arbitration proceedings and mutually agree on a way forward, rather than pursuing arbitration or other legal recourses. This would depend entirely on the commercial aspects, the agreement in place, and the specific facts and circumstances of the case.

    The construction of the agreement is crucial. As an in-house legal professional working with corporates, I always ensured that business agreements were thoroughly vetted, with legal clauses carefully aligned to meet both commercial and industry requirements. This approach left very few loopholes for the other party and allowed us to enforce or negotiate the terms of the agreement in the event of a dispute, thus securing the organization’s rights and minimizing the chances of legal battles in court.

    You’ve worked on matters involving international collaborations, like with IFFCO-TOKIO. How do you navigate the complexities of cross-border legal issues in today’s globalized business environment?

    Before addressing the main part of the question, I would like to mention that while working with IFFCO-TOKIO, I also pursued my Master’s degree in Law (LLM) in 2017 from K.R. Mangalam University. The classes for my Master’s were held after office hours.

    IFFCO-TOKIO operates in the General Insurance sector, and it was crucial to regularly review and adhere to relevant government policies and regulatory circulars to avoid any non-compliance issues that could affect both domestic and international stakeholders.

    Regarding the complexities of cross-border legal issues, it’s essential to ensure that stakeholders and regulatory compliance are properly managed to minimize business risks. Today, technology has advanced to the point where connecting with offshore partners is no longer a challenge. This allows for comprehensive strategies to be planned well in advance, effectively foreseeing and mitigating risks within a set timeframe.        

    You have experience in both litigation and corporate advisory. How do you balance the dynamic challenges of litigation with the strategic nature of corporate legal work?

    The best part of having worked as an in-house counsel with various corporate houses is the exposure to a diverse range of legal issues related to different businesses. This experience has been invaluable in my independent practice, allowing me to better manage the dynamic challenges of corporate legal work. As an independent practitioner, one must also embrace an entrepreneurial mindset. You are responsible for overseeing all aspects of the work, whether you handle it personally or collaborate with others. In this role, you’re not just functioning as a lawyer—you also take on responsibilities in PR, office management, administration, and promotions.

    For current law students or early-career professionals, what areas of law do you think will be most crucial or in-demand in the next decade? 

    In my views there are many but to name few, corporate and commercial laws, Human Rights & labour laws, tax laws, Intellectual Property Rights, Criminal Laws, Consumer Laws, Competition Laws and Arbitration will be in demand. 

    What advice would you give to young legal professionals who are starting their careers? How can they effectively navigate the challenges of today’s legal landscape?  

    In my views there is no fit formula. It is all based upon an individual as to how does he want to mould his career in law. If we go by conservative mechanism, sincerity and continuity in whatever one is doing is important without thinking about what others are doing. One has his own potentials, hence he or she should give the best out of it. To know what is happening around or to say be aware of the environment around him or her to evaluate, calculate and take decision will be important at any stage. Identify your strengths and weaknesses and work upon them but do not waste much time thinking because may are in the race and no one is indispensable.     

    With such a demanding profession, how do you unwind and maintain balance in your life? What activities or practices help you recharge?  

    I have always starved for time management. The more I try, the difficult it gets. While in job there is a fixed schedule of reporting to office with punch in and punch out and many work even after office hours. But till I was in job, I tried not to carry pending work home unless it was unavoidable. I focused on being physically active from very beginning of my career and even before that. Every day for past 20 years I have spent one and half hour daily either going to gym for light exercises and cardio, running, jogging and playing different sports like badminton, cricket, etc. This has helped me staying fit both physically and mentally as not only this profession but any demand good health. I am a teetotaler. I do party very occasionally but not late nights. I spend time with family and my near and dear ones mostly. These are the few things that has kept me going.

    Get in touch with Ramaiya Narayan Sharma-

  • “As a first-generation lawyer, I was driven by a desire to make a difference. My passion for justice and service has always been my guiding force.” – Gaurav Sharma, Independent practitioner at the Supreme Court of India & High Court of Delhi 

    This interview has been published by Namrata Singh and The SuperLawyer Team

    What inspired you to pursue a career in law, and how did your journey begin at the National Law Institute University, Bhopal? 

    I was always inspired by a desire to make a difference, always had an interest in justice and fairness, and a passion for resolving issues. It either had to be civil services or advocacy for me! Starting law school at NLIU Bhopal was an exciting experience. I was all set to tackle law and life. However, initially, it is like being hit by a whirlwind of confusion, trying to get a hang of things. Eventually, you get used to the law school life, make friends, and, ironic as it sounds, they end up becoming your partners in crime! By the end of your time at NLIU, you’ll emerge not only as a legal professional but also as a treasure trove of memorable experiences and friendships that will last a lifetime. 

    When you first began your career in litigation, what were some of the key challenges you faced, and how did you overcome them? Additionally, how has your approach to handling complex litigation evolved over the years, given your extensive experience across various legal domains? 

    In the early stages of my litigation career, one of the main challenges was adapting to the high-pressure environment of court proceedings and developing the ability to think quickly and strategically. Building my reputation and gaining trust in such a competitive field also took time and effort. I focused on learning procedural law, improving my courtroom skills, and seeking advice from my seniors and other experienced lawyers. Taking on smaller cases helped me build confidence and experience. Over the years, my approach to handling complex cases has become more strategic. With more experience, I now focus on aligning legal strategies with my client’s long-term goals, managing teams effectively,  and navigating the complexities of challenging cases. My methods have evolved to be more thoughtful and aimed at achieving the best possible outcomes.

    Working with prominent figures like Mr. Sumeet Pushkarna and Ms. Jyoti  Mendiratta must have been enriching. What were some key learnings from these experiences? 

    Working with Mr. Sumeet Pushkarna and Ms. Jyoti Mendiratta was an incredible experience. These experiences were both, the founding and the building stones of my career in litigation. From Mr. Pushkarna, I learnt the importance of time and developed the ability to multitask. Working with him inculcated a sense of discipline and punctuality, which has helped me immensely in my professional life. Ms. Mendiratta, on the other hand, taught me the value of empathy and understanding in legal practice. She showed me how important it is to truly listen to clients and understand their concerns. Both of them emphasized the importance of maintaining integrity and professionalism in all aspects of the job. These lessons have been invaluable for me. 

    You handle a diverse range of cases, from civil and criminal matters to arbitration and consumer disputes. How do you manage such a broad spectrum, and what are the challenges and rewards of this diversity? 

    Juggling such a variety of cases is like running a legal marathon! It keeps my mind constantly engaged, and my days are anything but boring. The key is to stay organized and to keep learning. I make it a point to stay updated with the latest laws and rely on my network and colleagues for advice when things get challenging. The main challenge is balancing the demands of each type of case. Criminal cases can be quite urgent and intense, while arbitration involves more strategic thinking and patience. Despite the challenges, diversity is ultimately rewarding. It keeps me on my toes and allows me to help a wide range of clients, which I find not only satisfying but also fun. Each case teaches me something new and contributes to my growth as a lawyer.

    Could you discuss a few notable cases you have worked on, particularly those involving public interest litigations or significant legal challenges? 

    One notable experience that stands out for me in my litigation career was my first-ever arbitration case, handed over to me by my senior. It was a complex dispute, and I had the opportunity to handle it from start to finish. The arbitration award was in our favor, which was a significant win for our client. What made this case particularly memorable was the recognition I received not just from the arbitrator but also from the opposing counsel, who appreciated my work. 

    What advice would you give to young lawyers entering the profession today?  What key skills and attributes should they focus on developing?

    My advice to young lawyers in a single line would be: Brace yourselves for a wild ride and keep a sense of humour handy. Jokes apart, I would advise young lawyers to never stop learning. The legal field is constantly evolving, so stay curious and keep up with the latest developments. Networking is crucial, too. Build relationships with colleagues and mentors, they’ll be invaluable throughout your career. Additionally, I would advise them to work on their communication and to be respectful, empathetic and resilient. The legal profession can be demanding and unpredictable and it is important to be able to bounce back from setbacks. Finally, keep your passion alive. 

    Outside of law, what are your personal interests or hobbies? How do these activities help you maintain a work-life balance?

    Maintaining a work-life balance is of immense importance to me. I try not to bring my work back home and have a personal life beyond it. I usually turn to music and movies to unwind and enjoy catching up with my friends and family after work. These things help me maintain a work-life balance by providing a healthy distraction and keeping me refreshed. They remind me that there’s more to life than just work, which is essential for staying motivated and avoiding burnout. 

    Can you share your experiences with pro bono work? How do you choose the causes you support, and what impact do you hope to make through these efforts? 

    There’s something remarkably fulfilling about being able to help and give back to society. I would like to think that I try to do it to the best of my capabilities, not only legally but otherwise as well. I typically choose causes that resonate with me or where I feel I can make a positive difference, even if it’s small. 

    You have the unique experience of practicing in various courts, from District  Courts to the High Court and the Supreme Court of India. How do the experience and approach differ when handling cases in these different judicial environments, and what insights can you share about the nuances of working at each level? 

    Practicing in various courts and fora has shown me just how varied the legal process can be at each level and how each level has its own approaches and challenges. It makes you understand the importance of learning both the procedural aspects and the strategic elements of legal practice. In District Courts, the focus is on gathering facts and building the groundwork of a case. In High Courts, you need to be able to present clear and persuasive arguments and dive deep into legal principles. At the Supreme Court, the focus shifts to bigger legal questions. Practicing at each level has taught me to be adaptable and helped me grow as a lawyer. 

    As an experienced advocate, how do you mentor junior lawyers and interns in your chamber? What are the key lessons you emphasize to them? 

    Mentoring junior lawyers and interns is as rewarding as it is demanding. It involves guiding them through the practicalities of legal practice, fostering their professional development, and instilling core values. I’m anyway more of a friendly colleague than a tough taskmaster to them. I give complete freedom to my junior associates to take up independent work. Allowing independence while maintaining a supportive framework helps junior lawyers and interns develop essential skills and confidence, preparing them for more significant responsibilities in their careers.

    Get in touch with Gaurav Sharma-