With over a decade of experience in various areas of the law, was law a planned career path for you, and what inspired you to specialize in corporate law, particularly in the maritime and international trade sectors?
Law was always a calling for me; the discipline, the analytical rigor, and the opportunity to impact society resonated with my drive for meaningful work. My journey to specialize in corporate and maritime law, however, was shaped by my academic background and early exposure to international trade’s vast complexity. Earning my LL.M. in Maritime Law from the Indian Maritime University, where I graduated with a Silver Medal, gave me a solid foundation in both theoretical and practical aspects of maritime law. Corporate and international trade law present a unique set of challenges and rewards that only a global, multidisciplinary approach can address. This field offers a constant intellectual challenge and an opportunity to work at the intersection of law and global business, which I find immensely fulfilling.
What do you consider the most pressing legal challenges that companies in the shipping and maritime industries face today, especially in the context of cross-border trade?
Today, maritime companies are navigating a minefield of legal challenges, with compliance and risk management at the forefront. Companies face increasingly stringent environmental regulations—compliance with IMO standards on emissions, for instance, is now critical. Global trade tensions have also intensified the need for adaptable legal strategies, as tariffs, sanctions, and embargoes add layers of complexity to cross-border trade. Additionally, cybersecurity risks are an urgent concern as shipping operations become more digitized, making robust data protection policies and crisis management strategies essential. Having represented clients in international arbitration and cross-border disputes, I’ve seen firsthand how preparation and adaptability are key to meeting these multifaceted challenges.
Given the evolving nature of corporate governance in India, how do you advise shipping and maritime companies to navigate compliance with both Indian and international regulatory frameworks?
In today’s regulatory environment, I advise maritime companies to adopt a comprehensive compliance strategy that harmonizes Indian laws with international requirements. With my background in both Indian corporate law and international maritime regulations, I focus on creating frameworks that meet the stringent standards of bodies like the IMO while aligning with Indian regulatory mandates. Regular training and internal audits are invaluable for keeping teams aware of emerging compliance needs. It’s also critical for companies to build relationships with regulators and industry experts, as this fosters an environment of mutual understanding that aids in anticipating and preparing for regulatory changes.
You have extensive experience in international arbitration. Can you discuss a particularly complex international trade dispute that you’ve been involved in, and the strategies you used to achieve a favourable outcome for your client?
Well, there are many, but I’d like to share a notable case involving bunker fraud. This was issue with regards to the time charter party, where charterer hired a vessel on a six-month time charter, incurring losses exceeding million dollars due to severe underperformance (over consumption of fuel). Complicated by a penalty clause for early termination, the charterer sought expert guidance to mitigate potential legal risks.
Our investigation uncovered a Cappuccino bunker fraud conspiracy (cappuccino effect is a type of fuel fraud that occurs when compressed air is introduced into fuel delivery hose during bunkering) involving the ship management company, bunker supplier, and crew. We responded with strategic, multi-jurisdictional legal action:
– Initiated criminal proceedings against the supplier in its concerned jurisdiction.
– Filed parallel arbitration for damages against the owner and ship management company according to Charterparty Arbitration Clause.
– Secured the arrest of a sister vessel in admiralty to ensure payment.
These coordinated efforts across three jurisdictions prompted the respondent to settle, securing justice and recovering our client’s losses.
How do you balance your dual roles as a practicing lawyer and a faculty member teaching maritime law? What are the most common gaps in legal knowledge relating to maritime law that you encounter among students and professionals, and how do you address these in your teaching?
Balancing a legal practice with teaching at institutions like the Indian Maritime University and Narottam Morarjee Institute of Shipping requires a structured approach. Both roles feed into each other: my practice enriches my teaching, allowing me to bring real-world cases to the classroom, while teaching helps me stay sharp and analytical. One common gap I observe is a limited understanding of the global regulatory landscape—students often lack context on how international treaties like UNCLOS and IMO conventions interact with national laws. I address this by emphasizing a global perspective in my lectures, encouraging students to think beyond national boundaries, as maritime law is inherently international. This perspective prepares them to handle the legal and regulatory complexities they will encounter in practice.
Given your extensive experience in Corporate, Shipping/Maritime & International Trade Law, what motivated you to become a Partner at International Maritime Law Chambers, and what were the initial challenges you faced?
Joining International Maritime Law Chambers as a Partner was motivated by my commitment to advancing the field of maritime law in India and beyond. As a Partner, I wanted to not only lead complex cases but also mentor young lawyers interested in this specialized area. Initially, building a team that could meet the high standards we set for international arbitration and complex cross-border cases was challenging. Developing a reputation for excellence required establishing trust with clients, consistently delivering favorable outcomes, and positioning our firm as a trusted advisor in high-stakes matters. These early challenges have since translated into rewarding partnerships with clients and an exceptional team dedicated to the firm’s mission.
How do you balance your corporate law practice and your role as an educator and trainer with your personal life?
Balancing these responsibilities requires setting clear priorities and respecting my personal time. I believe in structured time management—segmenting the day for client work, research, teaching, and personal commitments. I am fortunate to have a supportive family and a team that enables me to manage my workload effectively. Maintaining a balanced life isn’t just about work—it includes time for self-reflection and rejuvenation, which are vital for sustaining the energy needed in a demanding profession. Ultimately, my roles as a partner, educator, and advocate are deeply fulfilling, as they allow me to make meaningful contributions while honoring my personal values and commitments.
What advice would you offer to young aspiring lawyers who aim to excel in the field of maritime law?
For aspiring maritime lawyers, a solid grounding in both Indian and international law is essential. I encourage young lawyers to invest time in understanding treaties, conventions, and the workings of regulatory bodies like the IMO, as maritime law is global by nature. Building expertise in arbitration and cross-border dispute resolution is equally critical, as maritime disputes often require these specialized skills. Finally, cultivate a mindset of continuous learning; maritime law evolves in response to global trade trends, and staying informed will differentiate you in this highly specialized field. As a faculty member, I always remind students that success in this field comes from both expertise and a commitment to lifelong learning.
Having a background in commerce, looking back, what inspired you to transition into law as a profession?
Reflecting on my transition from commerce to law, it was driven by a deep-seated interest in understanding the systems that govern society and the desire to make a meaningful impact. My commerce background provided me with a strong foundation in analytical thinking, understanding corporate finance, problem-solving and understanding economic frameworks, which seamlessly complemented the logical and structured nature of law.
My passion for detailed research evolved into a strong interest in the field of law, where I found a perfect outlet for my drive to explore and solve complex issues. The turning point in my academic career was realizing that law not only offered a dynamic and intellectually challenging career but also a platform to advocate for justice, resolve conflicts and contribute to societal progress. The ability to bridge commerce with law, especially in areas like corporate frauds and insurance law, further motivated me to take this path, blending my prior knowledge with the intricacies of legal practice.
How did your role evolve over time at each of the organizations you worked with, particularly from Legalogic Consulting LLP to Nikhil Kulkarni and Associates? What were some of the key challenges you faced when setting up your own practice?
Being a first-generation lawyer, my ultimate goal was always to start my own practice. The journey from being a fresh law graduate to establishing my own law firm has been one of growth, learning and resilience. At each stage, my role evolved as I gained more responsibility, honed my skills and expanded my understanding of the legal field. All my previous experiences have helped me develop important skills such as client communication, legal strategy formation, preparing arguments for a case, problem solving skills, to name a few. Establishing my own practice marked a significant shift. I transitioned from focusing solely on legal work to also managing the operational, administrative, and business aspects of a law firm.
Establishing one’s own legal practice requires a lot of patience, perseverance and hard work. Building a client base initially was challenging in the initial years, however maintaining a strong work ethic and providing consistent results to earn referrals helped us build a good client base. Building a competent team is also crucial so that all the diverse areas of practice are effectively managed. Juggling the responsibilities of a lawyer, leader and entrepreneur was also a challenge. But prioritizing tasks and delegating effectively helps in overall management of the firm. Each step of this journey has been a learning experience, and the challenges faced have shaped my practice into what it is today. Fortunately, all my clients have had faith in my legal acumen and my team at Nikhil Kulkarni & Associates have given favourable results to most of my clients.
How have you navigated the cases in the insurance sector particularly in your role as an empanelled advocate for United India Insurance Company? What was the most interesting case you had to deal with and what were your preparation strategies?
To deal with cases in insurance sector requires a lot of preparation, particularly the motor accident cases since in most of these cases, the insurance companies are ordered by courts to pay compensation to the victims. Hence, preparing a good defence to mitigate the liability of insurance company is paramount. I will share one of the interesting cases relating to motor accident, which acquired a lot of media attention also. In that case, the relatives of the motor accident victim submitted a fake insurance policy belonging to our client United India insurance to claim compensation from the said insurance company. We had to convince the hon’ble court that in such a case, it is the victim who has not approached the court with clean hands by submitting a fake insurance policy before the court. Our team thoroughly prepared the questions for cross examination and extensively researched on various judicial precedents to support our case. After a series of arguments, counter-arguments and recording of evidence, the court came to a conclusion that our client insurance company is not liable to pay compensation. This verdict is significant since in most of the MACT cases, the courts order insurance companies to pay compensation whereas in this case, we zeroed down the liability of insurance company.
You’ve handled a wide range of criminal proceedings, including FIR quashing, bail, and anticipatory bail in both Sessions Court and the High Court. Can you share the most difficult case you’ve worked on and how you approached it?
One of the most challenging cases I handled involved securing anticipatory bail for a client accused in a highly publicized fraud case. The stakes were high, as the accusations not only threatened my client’s liberty but also had severe professional and personal repercussions. The case involved allegations under the MPID Act, where obtaining anticipatory bail is difficult due to the nature of the offences, which are considered crimes against society at large. Courts typically adopt a stringent stance in cases under special statutes like the MPID Act and MCOCA, given their gravity and impact. Despite these challenges, through a strategic and persistent legal battle, we successfully secured anticipatory bail for our clients, safeguarding their rights and ensuring they could cooperate with the legal process without fear of immediate custody.
We have encountered cases involving cross FIRs, where both parties file complaints against each other, often presenting contradictory versions of the same incident. One particularly challenging case involved a client accused in a molestation case. Securing the quashing of the FIR and related proceedings was especially difficult, given the stringent restrictions imposed by the Hon’ble High Courts and the Hon’ble Supreme Court on the accused’s right to seek such relief. Despite these challenges, through meticulous preparation and strategic advocacy, we succeeded in having the FIR and proceedings against our client quashed. This outcome not only reinforced our confidence in handling complex cross-FIR scenarios but also deepened our understanding of the nuanced approach required in such cases.
Corporate fraud cases often involve intricate details. Can you share an example where your legal expertise helped uncover or resolve a complex corporate fraud case?
One of the most challenging corporate fraud cases I handled involved a Private Limited company accused of financial irregularities and siphoning funds through shell entities. The allegations not only threatened investor confidence but also had serious implications for regulatory compliance and the company’s reputation. The case required navigating a complex web of legal frameworks, including the Companies Act, SEBI regulations, the Partnership Act, and provisions under the Indian Penal Code. The involvement of substantial public funds attracted intense scrutiny from regulatory authorities and the media, adding to the pressure.
Handling such a case demanded a deep understanding of both civil and criminal laws, as the issues often overlapped in unexpected ways. I worked closely with auditors to meticulously analyse financial records, identify discrepancies, and trace the diversion of funds to various entities. My background in Commerce proved invaluable in understanding the transactions and their accounting implications, enabling me to navigate the complexities of the case with greater precision. Defending a company in such circumstances required strategic legal manoeuvring, proactive compliance measures and consistent engagement with stakeholders. We had to clearly defined our client’s scope of work and their specific roles in the alleged offence, which is a crucial aspect when dealing with frauds committed through companies or other entities.
Your experience spans across multiple domains—civil, criminal, insurance, and corporate law. How do you manage and prioritize cases across these diverse legal areas?
I believe in the philosophy “Jack of all trades, master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one.”
In litigation, we often handle cases where multiple legal domains intersect. Clients may have access to various legal remedies including both of civil and criminal nature. Additionally, corporate law often involves litigation where companies must file or defend both civil and/or criminal cases. Therefore, to provide comprehensive legal solutions, it is essential to be well-versed in multiple areas of law. Corporate clients increasingly demand such all-encompassing legal services. Our firm has carved out a niche in this sector by combining a core corporate law practice with expertise in the litigation aspects of corporate law. We have a dedicated team of lawyers who specialize in diverse domains. My wife, a highly skilled lawyer, leads a team that handles much of our corporate work, including contract negotiation, drafting, contract management, general corporate advisory and handling employer-employee disputes.
With such a diverse and demanding portfolio, how do you maintain a balance between your professional and personal life, especially considering your interests in football, music, and stock market analysis?
I have always drawn inspiration from the famous lines of poet William Henry Davies: “What is this life if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare.” A healthy work-life balance helps in personal well-being as well as professional performance. Everyone gets the same number of hours in a day; it’s how you manage and utilize your time effectively that determines your success. Hobbies are incredibly useful when we need a rejuvenation from our daily routine. Football serves not just as a passion but also a way to stay physically and mentally fit. Football helps me lead a disciplined routine and enhance team work skills beneficial to legal practice. I have a keen interest in music and stock market analysis. Listening to music is an excellent stress buster. I also follow the stock market regularly.
I started with stock market analysis and gradually shifted my focus towards investments, realizing that analysis alone—without practical application—won’t lead to desired results. Similarly, law is about translating theoretical knowledge into real-world solutions.
How do you think the advancement of technology, particularly through AI and other innovations, is transforming the way lawyers and the judiciary operate, improving efficiency, accessibility, and decision-making processes?
Technology has been significantly transforming the legal landscape in India, offering numerous benefits for both lawyers and the judiciary. The introduction of e-filing systems allows lawyers to submit petitions, affidavits and other documents online, reducing delays and the burden of physical paperwork. It makes accessing court services more convenient, especially for clients in remote areas. With the rise of video conferencing tools, courts have increasingly held virtual hearings, making justice more accessible and reducing the need for physical presence. This is especially beneficial in a country as vast as India where transportation and geographical barriers can delay proceedings. However, the District Courts face certain infrastructure issues which makes it difficult to adopt technology as Hon’ble High Courts and the Hon’ble Supreme Court. Technology is playing a pivotal role in transforming the legal field in India by enhancing efficiency, accessibility and transparency. It helps lawyers manage their workload, conduct thorough research and serve clients more effectively. For the judiciary, technology accelerates case management, improves accessibility and helps in reducing delays, ultimately contributing to a more efficient justice delivery system. The adoption of these tools continues to improve legal processes, making them faster, more accurate and widely accessible to all. Technology in law has also opened various avenues and accelerated the growth of Apps and websites like LawSikho and Superlawyers which give advocates a platform to showcase their skills and experiences.
What advice would you offer to young individuals aspiring to follow a similar career path as yours?
Always consider yourself of the student of the law. The attitude of knowing everything, will only make you complacent. To grow your practise, you need to constantly evolve with changing times. As a first-generation lawyer aspiring to build a career in litigation and having your own law firm, you may face unique challenges but you also have the potential to shape your path with determination and strategy. Building a strong foundation in terms of understanding the basic procedural laws such as Civil Procedure Code and Criminal Procedure Code (BNSS) is crucial for advocates. You must stay up to date with recent judgments and understand the changes in the laws. Plan your internships in advance and spend time in understanding the court procedures, drafting skills and client interactions. Networking is equally important in our field. Stay connected with your faculties, colleagues, batchmates and seniors. Technology in law is constantly growing, and this will create more opportunities for young lawyers, who are tech-savvy and adaptable to the changing times. It can open doors to opportunities and mentorship. Success in litigation is a marathon, not a sprint. Stay dedicated, seek knowledge at every opportunity, and be patient. The respect and recognition you earn will make the effort worthwhile.
What was your initial motivation to pursue law, and what motivated you to pursue a Master’s Degree in International Business Law (LL.M.) from the City University of London as a specialization?
My initial motivation to pursue law stemmed from my passion for problem-solving and advocacy. I’ve always been fascinated by the role of law in shaping societies and resolving disputes, which led me to pursue a legal career. As I progressed in the field, I realized the increasing significance of international business and cross-border transactions in today’s globalized world. Pursuing an LL.M. in International Business Law from the City University of London allowed me to gain specialized expertise in navigating complex international legal frameworks, particularly in areas such as corporate compliance, arbitration, and contract law. The program provided me with a global perspective and practical skills that are invaluable in my current role in Dubai’s dynamic legal landscape.
You started your career as a Junior Associate working with various legal firms across Dubai and Abu Dhabi. What are the key learning experiences from that phase which have helped your career?
Starting as a Junior Associate was a foundational phase of my career. Working with diverse legal firms in Dubai and Abu Dhabi exposed me to various aspects of UAE law, including commercial litigation, corporate structuring, and arbitration. One of the most important lessons I learned was the importance of precision and thoroughness in drafting legal documents and presenting arguments. I also developed the ability to manage time-sensitive cases while dealing with the expectations of both local and international clients. Additionally, observing senior lawyers taught me the value of negotiation and strategic thinking, skills that I rely on daily as the Head of Legal at Bartawi Contracting.
Having drafted and negotiated various legal documents for both UAE and international clients, what are the key challenges you face when dealing with international clients, especially considering the regulatory framework in the UAE?
The primary challenge is bridging the gap between international clients’ expectations and the local regulatory framework. Many international clients are unfamiliar with the nuances of UAE law, such as the Civil Law system, restrictions on foreign ownership, and Sharia-based principles in certain commercial transactions. Another challenge is ensuring that legal documents comply with UAE laws while maintaining language that is clear and understandable to clients from diverse jurisdictions. Communication is also crucial—educating clients on the importance of adhering to local regulations while addressing their business needs requires a balance of technical expertise and cultural sensitivity.
You have done filing in DIAC & DIFC along with advising clients on commercial contracts, company law, and corporate compliance. What has been one of the most interesting cases you’ve come across that you would like to share with us?
One of the most interesting cases I handled involved a commercial arbitration at DIAC. The case revolved around a dispute over a multi-million-dirham construction project, with claims of breach of contract and delays. It was particularly challenging because it involved multiple jurisdictions, technical construction-related arguments, and high stakes for both parties. Successfully navigating this case required collaboration with technical experts, thorough analysis of construction timelines, and presenting arguments that aligned with UAE laws and international arbitration principles. The successful resolution not only protected my client’s interests but also highlighted the importance of strategic planning and preparation in arbitration.
In your current role, can you walk us through your responsibilities of how you identify and evaluate potential legal and regulatory risks that could affect the holding company and its subsidiaries? Can you share an example of a time when you successfully mitigated a significant legal or regulatory risk for the company?
In my current role, I am responsible for ensuring the company and its subsidiaries operate within the bounds of UAE laws and regulations. This involves regularly reviewing contracts, monitoring compliance policies, and staying updated on regulatory changes. A notable example of risk mitigation was identifying and addressing potential issues in a subsidiary’s lease agreements that could have led to litigation. By renegotiating lease terms and adding clauses for greater flexibility, I ensured both parties’ interests were protected while avoiding potential legal disputes. This proactive approach not only safeguarded the company’s interests but also strengthened relationships with external stakeholders.
Since you develop and monitor compliance programs and policies for the holding company and subsidiaries and ensure all business activities comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, what are the major challenges you face while working on such policies given the UAE setup?
One of the biggest challenges is the frequent updates to regulations in the UAE, which requires constant vigilance and adaptability. Additionally, balancing compliance requirements with the operational flexibility needed by the business can be complex, particularly when dealing with subsidiaries that have distinct operational models. Another challenge is ensuring that employees at all levels understand and adhere to compliance policies, which often requires tailored training programs and effective communication. Lastly, navigating the interplay between federal, emirate-specific, and free-zone regulations demands a deep understanding of the legal framework and careful coordination.
What strategies do you employ to provide legal support for the incorporation, restructuring, and management of subsidiaries?
My approach includes conducting thorough due diligence to understand the specific needs of the business and the regulatory requirements for incorporation or restructuring. I work closely with financial and operational teams to ensure that the legal framework aligns with the company’s objectives. For restructuring, I focus on minimizing risks by reviewing contracts, liabilities, and compliance obligations. Clear communication with stakeholders is essential to manage expectations and timelines. Additionally, I rely on strong relationships with regulatory bodies and legal consultants to facilitate smooth processes, especially when dealing with cross-border entities.
What advice would you give to young aspirants who wish to have a career in the UAE and have an international practice?
To succeed in the UAE’s legal field, young aspirants should focus on gaining a solid understanding of UAE laws and regulations while also developing expertise in international legal frameworks. Fluency in Arabic and English is invaluable, as is cultural awareness and adaptability. Networking is crucial—building connections within the legal community can open doors to opportunities and mentorship. I also recommend pursuing advanced degrees or certifications in specialized fields like arbitration or corporate law to enhance their credentials. Lastly, being proactive and maintaining a strong work ethic will set them apart in this competitive market.
Given your extensive legal experience and practice, how do you maintain motivation and drive in your career? Additionally, looking ahead, what are your professional goals or next steps, and how do you envision your career evolving in the future?
My motivation comes from the dynamic nature of the legal field and the satisfaction of resolving complex challenges. Every case presents an opportunity to learn and grow, which keeps me engaged. Looking ahead, my professional goals include further expanding my expertise in corporate governance and compliance, particularly as businesses in the UAE become more regulated. I also aim to mentor young legal professionals and contribute to shaping the next generation of lawyers. In the long term, I see myself taking on broader leadership roles, potentially within an international legal framework, while continuing to make meaningful contributions to the legal profession.
THANKS: I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Mr. Hamed, the CEO of Bartawi General Contracting, and all employees and C-level executives at Bartawi Group for their unwavering support and collaboration.
Was pursuing law a deliberate choice for you, or did it evolve into your chosen career over time?
Pursuing law was the result of an evolving journey shaped by both destiny and conscious choice. Coming from a family of legal stalwarts, I grew up immersed in the world of law. Intense debates—ranging from courtroom strategies to ethical dilemmas—were a regular feature of our dinner-table conversations. While these discussions planted a seed of curiosity, I wasn’t immediately certain that law would be my path. My early years were marked by explorations in diverse fields, from economics to business, as I searched for a career that combined intellectual stimulation with a meaningful societal impact. It was during this exploration that I realized the unique power of the law. It offered not just a way to understand the complexities of human behavior and governance but also a means to address injustice and drive positive change.
Your career includes training under Mr. Harish Salve in 2012 and working with Sr. Adv. Shyam Divan from 2012-2015. How did these varied experiences shape your approach to legal strategy and advocacy? What key lessons from these roles have influenced your current practice?
Working with legal stalwarts like Mr. Harish Salve and Mr. Shyam Divan was akin to being immersed in a legal crucible—intense, demanding, and transformative. Under Mr. Salve’s mentorship, I had the privilege of witnessing some of the most intricate legal battles, including the Vodafone tax case. Watching him distill the complexities of international tax law into a compelling narrative taught me a foundational truth: advocacy is as much about storytelling as it is about precision. The ability to craft a persuasive argument lies in presenting the law as a relatable, logical story.
With Mr. Divan, the experience was equally inspiring but with a different focus. He emphasized the ethical dimensions of advocacy, championing causes like environmental protection and public interest. His approach reinforced the idea that law isn’t just about winning but about serving a larger purpose. These formative years grounded me in the importance of not just skillful argumentation but also principled advocacy.
In 2015, I joined Agarwal Law Associates and had the privilege of working in the High Court team under Mr. Rishi Aggarwal. This role gave me a hands-on understanding of the complete lifecycle of a case-from meticulous drafting to effective courtroom strategy. It was a masterclass in building cases from the ground up and developing the confidence to tackle complex legal issues.
My time as Additional Standing Counsel for Government of NCT which began in 2023 has been starkly different yet an equally enriching chapter. It requires navigating the delicate balance between policy-making and legal frameworks. This role has sharpened my sense of diplomacy and pragmatism, as it often involves reconciling competing interests while staying within the boundaries of law. It has also taught me the value of adaptability—essential for a litigator handling varied and dynamic challenges.
While litigation demands technical expertise, it also requires understanding the human element—the psychology of clients, the mood of the courtroom, and the pulse of a judge. Recognizing these subtleties has been crucial in my practice. In essence, these varied experiences have not only shaped my approach to legal strategy and advocacy but have also instilled in me the humility to learn, the courage to innovate, and the discipline to strive for excellence every single day.
Anyone starting off must get all different kinds of flavours before charting out their own journey either as corporate, litigating advocate or an In-house counsel. I guess it’s a matter of identifying your strengths and weaknesses and personality traits and chart upon your own journey – As they say one man’s vulgarity is another man’s lyric!!
As the Additional Advocate General for Karnataka, you represent the state in significant legal matters before the courts. Can you share some challenges you have faced in this capacity, and what your approach is in complex constitutional or administrative matters?
Representing a state is an overwhelming responsibility. It transcends the goal of securing legal victories and focuses on safeguarding the public interest while upholding the fundamental principles of the Constitution. Every case carries weight, but some test the limits of your expertise and commitment. Among the most challenging matters I’ve handled was an essential policy dispute that put the delicate balance between federalism and state autonomy to the test. The stakes were monumental, and the case required a comprehensive examination of constitutional provisions, a thorough study of historical jurisprudence, and an acute understanding of the potential societal and economic ripple effects our stance could create.
In tackling such high-stakes issues, my approach is deeply rooted in preparation and collaboration. It begins with an exhaustive analysis of the legal framework, ensuring that every aspect of the matter is understood in its entirety. I place great emphasis on engaging in intense, constructive discussions with my colleagues, leveraging their perspectives to build a stronger case. Anticipation is key—I work tirelessly to predict and prepare for potential questions or arguments that may arise, whether from opposing counsel or the judiciary.
The stakes in such state matters are undeniably high. Yet, the challenges come with an unparalleled sense of fulfillment. Contributing to the larger public good, shaping the course of policy, and upholding the ideals of justice are not just professional achievements—they are deeply personal rewards. This is what fuels my passion and dedication to the role, even in the face of its inherent complexities and pressures.
After gaining experience with prominent figures in the legal field, what motivated you to establish your own practice? What challenges did you face in the early stages of building your own practice?
Starting my own practice felt like jumping off a cliff with the hope of building wings on the way down. The motivation? A burning desire to step out of the shadows and craft my own identity in the legal world. I wanted the freedom to choose my battles, shape my approach to justice, and make a meaningful impact on both public and private interests. I’ve always relished diving deep into the complexities of law, even when it meant hitting roadblocks that tested my patience and resolve.
The early days were a whirlwind of excitement and uncertainty. Earning the trust of clients was daunting—people place their faith in your expertise, and you have to prove your worth every single day. Building a competent team was another challenge; finding individuals who shared my vision and drive took time. Then there was the steep learning curve of managing finances and the logistics of running a practice—it felt like constructing a skyscraper, laying one brick at a time with no blueprint in sight.
But every challenge taught me something invaluable. I learned resilience, adaptability, and the power of persistence. Those early struggles also revealed the importance of collaboration, mentorship, and an unwavering commitment to excellence. Gradually, what started as a daunting endeavor evolved into a fulfilling journey. My practice became more than just a professional commitment—it became a platform to explore complex legal issues, fight for justice, and pursue both commercial and public interest work.
In hindsight, those early challenges weren’t just obstacles; they were stepping stones. They shaped me into a more nuanced and versatile practitioner, giving me a deeper appreciation for the law and its potential to transform lives. Starting my own practice wasn’t just a career move—it was a leap of faith that helped me grow in ways I never imagined.
As an independent private practitioner, you specialize in a range of areas such as commercial disputes, company law, IP, and insolvency matters. How do you prioritize cases across such diverse fields, and how do you manage the intricacies of each area in your practice?
Managing a practice that spans diverse legal fields is like orchestrating a symphony—each area has its distinct tempo and complexity, but success lies in achieving harmony. Prioritizing cases depends on several factors: urgency, the potential impact on the client, and the complexity of the legal issues involved. For example, commercial disputes often require quick, strategic interventions to minimize business disruptions, whereas insolvency matters demand meticulous analysis of financial details and legal frameworks to ensure equitable outcomes.
My approach blends specialization with adaptability. Each area brings its own challenges—intellectual property law requires creativity and a nuanced understanding of innovation, while company law involves intricate knowledge of corporate governance and compliance. The key is to immerse myself fully in the specifics of each case, tailoring my strategy to the unique demands of the matter at hand.
To manage such a dynamic practice, I maintain a disciplined workflow. This includes leveraging the expertise of a talented team, continuously updating my knowledge of legal developments, and maintaining a client-focused approach. Staying informed about the latest rulings, legislative changes, and industry trends is non-negotiable—it allows me to provide solutions that are not just legally sound but also practically effective.
Ultimately, this multidisciplinary approach ensures that I can navigate the intricacies of each field while delivering cohesive, impactful results for my clients. It’s this balance between specialization and versatility that defines my practice and keeps me motivated to tackle challenges across the legal spectrum.
Your practice spans both private commercial litigation and government representation. How do you approach preparing and arguing cases for the government, especially in sensitive constitutional matters or PILs? Can you share a particularly challenging case with us?
Preparing for government cases requires carefully balancing social, legal, and policy considerations. Take, for instance, petitions involving land acquisition and compensation issues. The core challenge lies in reconciling public interest with the protection of individual rights. These cases demand not only a deep understanding of constitutional safeguards but also a keen awareness of the socio-economic implications of governmental policies.
In such matters, my strategy revolves around crafting nuanced arguments that respect individual rights while emphasizing the broader public good. This involves meticulously analyzing legal precedents, assessing the societal impact of proposed actions, and ensuring that the state’s position aligns with constitutional principles. These cases push you to think beyond the technicalities of law. They require engaging with the larger societal context, understanding the effects of policy decisions, and striving to find solutions that uphold justice for all stakeholders. It’s this interplay between law and societal concerns that makes such cases both challenging and profoundly fulfilling.
I have been privileged to contribute to causes that hold immense significance, including public health, environmental protection, and the prevention of animal cruelty. These endeavors have given me a deep sense of pride and fulfillment, allowing me to serve as a responsible and conscientious citizen of India.
That said, public interest litigation is a powerful tool but one that is often misused. It must be exercised sparingly and only in truly exceptional circumstances where the cause is both genuine and pursued with unwavering sincerity, passion, and integrity. PILs should always prioritize the ultimate beneficiary—public interest—and must never be driven by personal motives or frivolous intentions. When used responsibly, they can be a transformative force for justice and societal progress.
You’ve been involved in pro bono work, particularly in areas like animal welfare and environmental law. Can you discuss your motivation and how you balance such work with your high-profile commercial litigation practice?
Pro bono work is not just a professional obligation; it is a personal calling. Causes like animal welfare and environmental conservation resonate with my belief in the law as an instrument of social change. These cases often demand creativity and passion rather than resources, and the satisfaction they bring is unparalleled. Balancing this with commercial litigation is a matter of discipline and prioritization. I view pro bono work as an opportunity to give back to society, and it fuels my sense of purpose even amidst the rigors of high-stakes litigation.
Having worked on several high-profile cases involving major corporations, how do you approach the strategy for such complex matters, particularly those with significant commercial implications?
High-profile corporate cases are a testament to the art of legal strategy, demanding both precision and adaptability. Each case begins with a critical step: deconstructing intricate transactions and factual matrices into manageable and comprehensible components. The ability to simplify the seemingly convoluted comes with experience and continuous learning—a process I embrace daily. The sheer exposure these cases offer is a remarkable opportunity to deepen one’s understanding of the law and its real-world applications.
Once the foundation is clear, the focus shifts to identifying potential legal risks, predicting opposing arguments, and crafting a strategy that not only protects the client’s interests but also aligns seamlessly with their commercial objectives. This requires a deep dive into the nuances of the case, backed by meticulous research and a robust understanding of the relevant legal framework.
Collaboration is another cornerstone of my approach. High-profile matters often span multiple disciplines—finance, technology, regulatory compliance, and more. Partnering with domain experts ensures that every angle is considered, enabling the development of innovative legal solutions tailored to the client’s needs. For instance, in cases involving regulatory complexities, understanding the finer details of compliance is as crucial as interpreting the law itself. Equally important is clear communication. In high-stakes matters, ensuring that clients, stakeholders, and the legal team are aligned is paramount. Breaking down legal strategies into actionable insights allows clients to make informed decisions, fostering trust and confidence.
Above all, my approach is guided by an unwavering commitment to ethical standards. Protecting the client’s interests is always the priority, but it must never come at the expense of integrity or the larger principles of justice. The intersection of law and business in such cases is both challenging and rewarding, offering the opportunity to create meaningful and impactful outcomes.
Given the high demands of your legal career, how do you balance your professional responsibilities with personal obligations? What strategies do you use to recharge and stay motivated in your work?
The idea of a perfect work-life balance in the legal profession is, in many ways, a myth. As a litigator, the demands are relentless—requiring an unwavering commitment of passion, intellect, and hard work. There are times when family commitments inevitably take a back seat. Let’s be clear: the profession isn’t for the faint-hearted. It calls for sacrifice, and the stakes are high.
That said, it’s not all about unyielding work. I make a conscious effort to find pockets of time to recharge, especially during court recesses or when the case load allows for a break. These moments, though brief, are invaluable. I use them to reconnect with loved ones, dive into a good book, or engage in enriching conversations that allow me to step away from the legal grind and reset mentally.
The motivation to keep going despite the pressures lies in the profound impact of the work I do. There is an undeniable sense of fulfillment in knowing that my efforts contribute to justice, the rule of law, and societal progress. This sense of purpose is what fuels my passion and drives me forward, even when the demands are at their peak.
Ultimately, while work-life balance may be elusive, the positive influence of my work serves as the ultimate form of professional satisfaction, and that is what keeps me motivated and committed to my craft.
You have been involved in training sessions with Senior Advocates and Judges. How do you approach mentoring young lawyers, and what advice would you offer to aspiring lawyers who hope to achieve success in the legal profession?
Mentoring young lawyers is one of the most rewarding aspects of my career. I view it as both a responsibility and a privilege. In my mentorship, I encourage young lawyers to embrace the challenges that the profession presents. Every case, every legal question, is an opportunity for growth. I stress the importance of developing strong critical thinking skills and cultivating a deep, insatiable curiosity for the law. It is this curiosity that drives innovation and fuels the passion necessary to succeed in such a demanding field.
For aspiring lawyers, my advice is straightforward but vital: never stop learning, stay persistent, and, above all, practice with humility and integrity. The road to success in law is rarely quick or easy. It is a journey that is built brick by brick, requiring dedication, resilience, and a constant commitment to justice. The legal profession rewards those who approach it with patience and diligence, knowing that each case and each experience contributes to a greater understanding of the law.
Looking ahead, I also believe that technology, particularly AI, will play an increasingly significant role in the legal field. Just as technology has already transformed legal research and case management, I’m confident that AI will continue to aid lawyers in refining their practice. Lawyers who embrace these advancements and use them effectively will not only enhance their own productivity but also improve the quality of service they provide to their clients. The key is adapting to these changes and harnessing the power of technology to make the most of your time and expertise.
Ultimately, mentoring is about instilling young lawyers and colleagues with the belief that success is not just about winning cases but about making a meaningful impact, continuously learning, and striving to elevate the practice of law to its highest ideals. We are constantly learning on a daily basis, knowledge must be imbued and absorbed with great hunger and passion.
Given your over a decade of experience, how do you reflect on your journey when you look back? What key insights or experiences stand out that you would like to share?
I was a weak-kneed student of science & math and was moderately okay with economics and at the same time, was argumentative & good with logics. This coupled with the fact that I have a history as my family was into the legal fraternity. Therefore, the path of law came naturally. I was intrigued by the procedures & day to day hearings, which I got to know in my early age. That is why I chose the path of law.
I joined Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Law College in Pune in 2006 under the mentorship of the then Principal Late Mr. Mukund Sarda Sir and Head of the Department Ms. Ujwala Bendale ma’am, who had immense love and affection over me during my college days. They had given the opportunity to me to participate & represent in moot court competitions, both at national and international level and that gave me a sense of belonging in the field of law, as well as help me choose specifically litigation as my career path.
And thanks to my internship in AZB Partners, PKA Advocates and with Senior Advocate Mr. PP Rao, which gave me a sense of belonging that I want to pursue litigation as my career path. So that is probably the way I entered this profession and God has been kind to me for the last decade. It has been a very good ride working in this profession.
I would say that it is a roller coaster ride on a daily basis. I wouldn’t say that it was a set path because every person has his own way of looking into the field of law and it has its ups and downs. It has its pros and cons. But certainly, it is, for me, one of the most interesting fields which I could have chosen as my profession.
Having had the opportunity to work with prominent advocates such as Mr. Virender Lodha and Mr. Sajjan Singh, what were some of the most valuable lessons you learned during your formative years, particularly in the context of litigation for government corporations, that you believe should be shared with aspiring learners?
When I graduated in 2011, I joined the chambers of Mr. Sajjan Singh Rajpurohit at Jodhpur. It was one of the most reputed civil law chambers at Jodhpur. And having joined his chambers, he had given me immense opportunity to argue, appear, draft, and deal with the clients on the civil side. Very interestingly, five days into joining the chamber, he had given me an opportunity to argue ‘an admission with stay’ matter belonging to a real estate issue, a writ petition before the single bench of the High Court. So that was the kind of freedom and the confidence my senior had bestowed upon me to argue those kinds of matters in the initial days of profession.
For two years, I’ve worked with Mr. Sajjan Singh ji Rajpurohit at Jodhpur. Thereafter, I shifted from Jodhpur to Jaipur and joined the Chambers of Mr. Virendra Lodha, Senior Advocate at Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur. The chambers basically dealt on the constitutional, commercial and the service side of the litigations.
He was on the senior panel for many Government Authorities & corporations. So, while working in his chamber, I was doing service matters, large stake arbitration and commercial matters. Being associated with him and earlier with Mr. Sajjan Singh ji, has given me three basic principles that are good for being in the profession i.e. perseverance, patience and consistency. These are the three principles which I’ve followed in my career path. I’d seen them working for 18 hours a day, from morning 7 o’clock to mid-night they’re dealing with clients, they are getting brief, preparing for the next day and having followed them and closely worked in association with them allowed me to gain extensive experience. At the primitive stage, it might look that you’re working 18 hours a day but truth remains that It is a very demanding & hardworking profession.
Thankfully, working for long hours with my seniors subsequently helped me to start my own chambers in 2015. The hard work which they had made me do at that particular point in time helped me in sourcing the clients for myself. I’m very thankful to my seniors, both Mr. Sajjan Singh ji Rajpurohit and Mr. Virendra Lodha Ji for making me do all the good work in the chamber.
I’ll quote an incident that when I was working in the chamber of Mr. Virendra Lodha Ji, there was a call from a briefing counsel at 11.30 pm that there is an urgent brief coming up for Admission – Stay matter and he needs to be briefed for defending on behalf of Respondents. So, at 11.40 in the night the conference was fixed. Sir had called me back in the chamber to prepare for this matter. The briefing concluded at 12.30 in the night.
In Rajasthan, during summer season we have Morning Courts where courts hours are from 8.00 AM up till 1.00 PM. The next day in morning at 6.30 am, he was sitting in the chamber preparing for that matter, which was to be argued. So that is the kind of hard work he has done and he has also made me do it. So, I’m very thankful to him for all the opportunities he has given me in his chamber.
Over the course of your career, you’ve appeared in numerous cases across various areas of law, particularly constitutional law. Is there a specific case that, when you first took it on or started preparing for it, you never anticipated would have such a profound impact on you, either personally or professionally, for a longer period of time?
Yes, I remember one such case. When I was in the chambers of Mr. Sajjan Singh ji Rajpurohit at Jodhpur which was related to change in land use and master plan of the city. At that point of time, it seemed to be just another litigation in which we were representing one of the parties, and we had to put the best interest of the client.
But subsequently, post a couple of years after I had left office, that became one of the landmark judgments of the State of Rajasthan, which specifically laid down that there cannot be a change in land use against the master plan and guidelines in relation to the change of land use. The landmark judgment goes by name of ‘Gulab Kothari V. State of Rajasthan’.
After working with senior advocates for a brief period of four years, you transitioned to starting your own practice with NBA Legal Consultants. What challenges did you face during this shift from a structured environment to running your own practice? Additionally, what key insights or advice would you share with those looking to start their own legal practice?
When I was working in chambers of both Mr. Sajjan Singh ji Rajpurohit and Mr. Virendra Lodha, they had encouraged to take independent brief other than the office briefs so that you have independent work.
In 2015 when I took the decision to start my own chambers and get independent from the office, the first transition, which I felt was necessary as an independent litigator is sourcing of work. When you are working under a mentorship, the work is already there in the office and you have to research or argue or draft or assist your senior in the chamber but when you have your independent practice, the first thing is how would you get clients? How would you justify your fees when you are getting the work? And obviously, when you see from the client’s perspective, having trust or faith in an independent lawyer with two years – three years’ experience is a little difficult because something like property, service career and if there is a criminal case, then someone’s life is at stake. So that trust has to be built.
Another important aspect is that you need to retain clients and give them appropriate results coupled with the fact that you have to be honest about the case because in a general mindset of the client, they always have the best case and as per them there is so much wrong which has happened, however, this may not be the case when it comes to the law. Law may have a different perspective. The case may not be as good as what the clients think. So, you have to give them a clear picture with the fact that you have to give the best performance for the client so that they retain you for their future litigation or future work.
Also, when you’re working under some mentorship, there is a fixed set of work. So, when I used to work in the chambers, I was dealing on the issues of litigations or my core work was litigation but when I started my chambers, I was given Non – Litigation work also. Despite my limited experience of such work, I had taken up the issues and thankfully was successful in delivering to the requirement of clients.
When you get independent, you cannot be very sure of the kind of work you’d be getting. You must be prepared. You must be open to all kinds of work which you may receive. For Example: You probably might not have drafted a criminal complaint in a chamber but when you get start your own practice you will come across such situations that you have to file an FIR and if the police authorities are not registering an FIR, you have to file a Criminal Complaint before the Magistrate Court.
What I intend to say is that you must be prepared for transitioning when you get independent. The experience must be taken with open arms, and initially you should not restrain yourself to one practice of law.
You have extensive experience in dispute resolution, particularly within the real estate and EPC sectors, handling a wide range of industry-specific disputes. Given your background, how do you approach delivering innovative solutions and identifying the best outcomes for your clients in these areas? Could you share some key traits or strategies that are essential for success in this type of work?
Every industry has its own difficulties, and every difficulty comes with a problem and the answer to the problem is always different. When you represent EPC companies, they have a contractual dispute, bidding dispute which may go for an arbitration or a writ petition in the concerned high court. But when you represent a news media company, essentially the disputes are related to either that of defamation as some news article is published, which may or may not align with the facts. Then they have labor disputes as the workers have legitimate expectations, but the financials of the company cannot fulfill those legitimate expectations which in turn create dispute between them. During negotiations with unions, you have to put forth the best interest to find a middle way in resolving the disputes
When you represent real estate companies, essentially disputes are of following natures:
There is a builder-buyer dispute, the appropriate forum is consumer courts under Consumer Protection Act or Permanent Lok Adalat under Legal services Authority Act, authority or Authority under The Real Estate Act 2017. This on a large scale covers builder – buyer dispute.
There is a dispute relating to the landowner which generally leads to specific performance suit or an arbitration coupled with criminal litigations alleging cheating and its alikes.
Dispute with the government in relation to the allotment or nature of land. Example: The original nature of land was that of Charagah which cannot be usually converted for any other purposes except specified and that has been allotted and subsequently say a third right has been created leading to some construction that has happened. So, the ‘legitimate expectation’ of that real estate company which developed the land will come into picture.
Dispute with government may arise in relation of GST, Labour cess, compliance of Local Self Governments (Municipal Corporations etc.),
These are widely the set of litigations or the problems the industriy faces. I feel that before initiating litigation, it is always good to go for mediation. Litigation in the current times, is an expensive procedure. There are court fees, advocate fees and time consumption. So if there is a middle way out, or the problem can be resolved through mediation, it should be the first preference. Even if you have to forgo some of the rights which you think are legitimate but if that closes the dispute you should opt for it. This is my take on alternate dispute resolution.
Whatever I have suggested is not the thumb rule but only a generic advice. The problems come with its own game play. I strongly suggest that a lawyer should always be open to hearing the client’s view. You should be open to a recourse, which the clients suggests but at the same time try to figure out a way which could avoid litigation and get the business going.
In cases involving sensitive information and confidential matters, building a high level of trust with the client is essential, and ensuring their satisfaction is a key priority. How do you strike the balance between maintaining client privacy and meeting legal requirements? What approach do you take when handling these types of discussions, and could you share your insights on how you navigate this delicate process?
That is a very good question. I believe on the very first instance, the client will never share the critical or confidential information. And, until and unless you have dealt with certain issues of the client in the past, they will not be ready to divulge confidential secrets.
Initially they would give you litigation, which might not involve such complexities, but subsequently, if that client has retained you or has given you regular work, they have built a confidence on you that whatever information they have shared is in good hands and shall not be misused. Thankfully, the Indian legal system under the Advocates Act 1961 protects the confidential information which is given to the advocate by the client. As a lawyer, you must keep the professional standard high so that your client has enough confidence in you to share all such information which may be sensitive in nature but generally is always useful in building the case.
I would like to add one more thing that when the client comes up with a problem, he might come up with a particular mindset. They must have heard that resolution lies in arbitration or a writ petition or to approach a particular forum under a statute, but then you must give them a realistic picture that this position or adjudication methods might not be very helpful to you in your case as the set of facts on which this litigation will go is different. Sometimes what happens is that a client has an eagerness to do litigation or go into a dispute resolution process, but might not be aware of its side effects. So, they must be informed about that also. Example: When you go into this litigation, you must be ready with those counterblast adjudicatory processes, which the client may not presume will happen. So, you must be honest in your opinion to the client. It may be harsh and rude, but you must be honest in your opinion to the client.
At the end of the day, your first opinion which you give to the client after hearing the issue at hand will always be in his mind. You may win or you may lose the dispute, but that first opinion will always be in his mind so be truthful about the same.
With your extensive experience at the Bar, having worked in both tier 1 and tier 2 cities, how do you envision the future of the legal profession, including law firms, lawyers, and litigators, particularly in tier 2 cities? Given the growing trend of work shifting from tier 1 to tier 2, what advice would you offer to new entrants in these cities to build a successful career and establish themselves professionally in their local markets?
Yes, the transitioning in relation to the work from tier 1 to tier 2 is happening. Earlier, the best of litigation or the best of mind in the legal fraternity were restricted to tier one cities. But over the period, it been growing to tier 2 cities as well. You would see some brilliant legal minds joining in tier 2 cities and obviously if you are resident of that city, you know the comfort of home is always there.
There are some good opportunities in Tier 2 cities. So, over the period specifically after 2014, tier 2 cities in India have seen a tremendous growth in terms of business, in terms of real estate, in terms of expansion of big companies. The major sectors of the country have gone out of their comfort space of working only in the tier 1 cities to shifting to tier 2 or tier 3 cities which has helped legal professionals in expanding the work.
My take is that tier 2 cities have a brilliant future in the coming times & these cities will see a very good growth. The new entrants would have enough diverse work in future.
I’d like to combine two questions: First, what challenges did you face while establishing NBA Legal as a brand, and how did you navigate through those difficult times? Second, given the demands of building a business, how have you managed to maintain a balance between your mental health, personal life, and professional responsibilities? Balancing all three is never easy, how have you approached it?
During my time in senior’s chamber, I worked on the private as well as the government side which has helped me in positioning myself to provide legal services, which includes corporate advisory, litigation, drafting of contracts, due diligence in relation to the solar and real estate companies. The work which I’ve done has helped me in sourcing clients.
In litigation, I’ve always maintained that I need to be very truthful about my opinion. If you feel that client have good case or a bad case, be very truthful to the client.
In Non-Litigation work, establish clear communication about scope of work, be specific & realistic about the timelines and deliverables.
Coming to second part of the question, I will say that take your vacations very seriously. Go out, travel or do your hobby activities, whatever you like, but get out of your normal work life to do something which you cannot do in a regular work time.
I try that whenever there is a long weekend or otherwise a time off, I would do activities of my choice. I would go out, meet my old friends, watch probably a good Netflix movie or series and when the time permits travel to new places.
For mental wellbeing, one thing that helps me is that you should meet your old friends. So, they keep you in order. They have been with you for long period, and they know what kind of person you are and what kind of work pressure you are dealing with and will always be happy to support you in tough times. Burnout is common in our profession. Setting boundaries and maintaining personal hobbies or interests outside of work helps rejuvenate your mind and boosts professional efficiency.
What advice would you offer to aspiring lawyers or those early in their careers, especially when facing challenges like not having the right senior guidance? Many struggle to find the right fit, as not everyone is suited for litigation or corporate law. How should they maintain a positive mindset, stay focused, and identify the right career path for themselves? Any key tips or guiding principles you’d recommend?
In my view there is no strict checklist, but I would say that there must be consistency in whatever work you are doing i.e. either in the law firm or getting work from your mentor or as an in-house counsel, there should be consistency.
Secondly, you need to be updated with the latest position of law. You cannot stop reading. You must be updated about what is the position of law, what is the judge’s perspective on this issue. There are multiple judges hearing rosters, what are their views on a particular subject which will help in crafting the arguments. Stay proactive about your learning. Read landmark judgments, legal commentaries, and case studies. Online courses and certifications in niche areas can help build expertise and open new opportunities.
For Non-Litigation work, you need to be active in networking, be updated on the ever-changing requirements of the industry. While passion for law is essential, practical considerations like work-life balance and job satisfaction are equally important. Align your career decisions with both your heart and your head.
I would request you to give us some golden nuggets for us as well as the new learners and even the seniors, because sometimes, yes, our profession makes us a little overthinkers, but sometimes it’s the humbleness which helps us grow?
See as they say that the word is ‘Legal Practice’. So, it is a practice because it’s constant learning on a daily basis. The law is a dynamic field. Whether you are just starting or are a seasoned professional, continuously update your knowledge. Stay informed about recent judgments, amendments, and global legal trends.
A humble approach towards clients and colleagues fosters trust and long-lasting relationships. Empathy enables you to truly understand the concerns of your clients and advocate for them effectively.
While overthinking can be a tendency in the legal profession, balancing it with structured critical thinking helps you stay productive. Use frameworks to analyse cases and focus on practical solutions. Encourage collaboration with peers. Sharing insights and discussing cases with others can lead to innovative solutions and fosters camaraderie within the legal community. The profession can be challenging, with setbacks being inevitable. Resilience and persistence are key to overcoming obstacles and achieving long-term success.
Your educational background spans a range of fields, from M. Com and LLB to Company Secretary (Executive) and an LLM in International Trade Laws and WTO. What motivated you to pursue a career in law, and why did you choose to specialise in International Trade and WTO during your LLM?
My decision to pursue a career in law stemmed from the profound realization that lawyers hold one of the most influential roles in shaping not only society but also the economy, industry, and politics on a global scale. The weight of responsibility carried by legal professionals, whose work directly impacts individuals, communities, and the broader environment, deeply resonated with me. This sentiment was strongly reinforced during my childhood when a neighbour, wrongfully accused, was forced to endure repeated visits to the police station. Witnessing this firsthand highlighted the immense difference that legal support can make during distressing and complex situations. This experience solidified my belief that the power of legal knowledge, combined with the ethical responsibility it entails, is what inspired my journey into law.
In essence, the law’s ability to safeguard rights and bring justice fuelled my passion, and I remain steadfast in my commitment to upholding these principles.
As for my choice to specialize in International Trade Laws and WTO during my LLM, it was driven by my keen interest in the global market, international politics, and economic policies. I have always been fascinated by the intricate workings of international commerce and governance. I wanted to equip myself with a solid understanding of the fundamental norms, agencies, and regulatory standards that shape global trade, ensuring that I am well-prepared to support businesses operating in an interconnected world.
Could you walk us through your career progression, starting from your early days as a Junior Associate to your current role as a Partner at Singhania & Co LLP? What were some of the most valuable lessons you learned in the early stages of your practice that have influenced your professional journey?
My professional journey has been an enriching experience, shaped by diverse roles and exposure across multiple jurisdictions. I have had the privilege of working with three listed companies and two top-tier law firms, gaining legal expertise in India, the UAE, and Africa. My career began in litigation, which laid the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of dispute resolution. Over time, I transitioned into the corporate and regulatory domains, acquiring hands-on experience in areas like real estate, corporate laws, intellectual property rights, projects, project finance, technology, M&A, EPC contracts, and FEMA compliance.
In my early roles, I served as the legal head for zones spanning West Bengal, Rajasthan, North and East India, and Delhi NCR for leading housing finance companies. This phase gave me practical insights into regulatory compliance, litigation, and real estate transactions. My tenure at Amarchand Mangaldas & Suresh A. Shroff, and later with Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas and Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, further refined my expertise in corporate transactions and advisory work. Before joining Singhania & Co LLP, I gained international exposure working with a Dubai-based conglomerate with operations in Miami, the Middle East, Europe, and eight African countries.
This diverse journey, spanning five cities and engaging with varied sectors, has been a transformative experience. It has equipped me with a strong legal foundation, strategic thinking, and the ability to navigate complex legal landscapes effectively—skills that I bring to every professional engagement.
You have extensive experience in structuring, strategizing, and negotiating transaction documents across multiple sectors. Can you discuss a particularly challenging deal and how you overcame the challenges?
One of the most challenging deals I worked on involved a multi-jurisdictional M&A transaction for exploration of iron ore deposits that required navigating conflicting regulatory frameworks across India, Africa, and Dubai, and involved government representative, multinational mining giant. The primary challenge was aligning the interests of stakeholders while ensuring compliance with diverse legal systems. By fostering open communication among parties, engaging local legal experts, and adopting a phased negotiation strategy, we successfully closed the deal. This experience underscored the importance of adaptability, cultural sensitivity, and a solution-oriented approach.
You’ve worked on transactions across various jurisdictions, including Africa, Dubai, and India. What are the unique legal and cultural challenges you face when dealing with cross-border deals?
Navigating cross-border transactions requires a combination of legal expertise and cultural sensitivity. For example, while structuring agreements in African jurisdictions, addressing legal ambiguities is often critical, as is fostering trust through strong personal relationships, especially given the significant involvement of government liaisons and multinational stakeholders, including European influences. Similarly, in Dubai, aligning with DIFC and free zone regulations, adhering to Sharia law, and respecting local business customs are essential. Success in these transactions is not just about technical proficiency but also about understanding and adapting to diverse cultural and regulatory landscapes.
Ultimately, the ability to engage with local norms, working practices, and mindsets strengthens relationships and significantly enhances the chances of successful negotiations and seamless transactions.
How do you manage the complexities of advising clients on international legal frameworks, especially when dealing with issues like FDI, foreign exchange regulations (FEMA), and local laws in emerging markets?
Advising clients on international legal frameworks, such as FDI policies, FEMA regulations, and local laws, requires not only a deep understanding of evolving regulations but also a strong network of global legal experts. This task is often more challenging than it appears, as the legal environment has become increasingly dynamic and complex over time. My approach is to first understand the client’s specific needs and then ensure alignment with the applicable laws. When necessary, I also guide clients to take corrective steps to achieve compliance. Industry norms play a crucial role, as they often drive changes in regulations over time, which must be carefully considered while structuring advice.
Breaking down intricate legal requirements into actionable steps and delivering clear, pragmatic solutions is at the heart of my practice. By combining legal knowledge with strategic foresight, I ensure my clients remain compliant while safeguarding their interests, especially in the context of emerging markets. Ultimately, success in this field comes from balancing legal expertise with a nuanced understanding of industry trends and regulatory shifts.
Having led teams in multiple roles, from Manager (Legal) at DHFL to Partner at Singhania & Co, what is your approach to managing legal teams? How do you ensure high levels of productivity and collaboration within your team?
Leading legal teams have underscored the importance of clear communication, strategic delegation, and fostering a collaborative, trust-driven environment. I prioritize understanding each team member’s strengths, aspirations, and areas of interest, which helps me align individual goals with collective objectives. Encouraging ownership of work, while providing guidance and support, empowers the team to approach tasks with passion and responsibility. Regular knowledge-sharing sessions and open discussions keep the team updated, motivated, and aligned with evolving legal trends.
By cultivating a culture of trust, mutual respect, and continuous learning, I have consistently seen high levels of productivity, innovative problem-solving, and seamless collaboration, ensuring exceptional outcomes for clients and individual growth for team members.
You’ve advised clients on issues like data mining and trademark infringements on websites. In your view, what are the biggest emerging legal challenges in the technology space, and how do you see them evolving in the next 5-10 years?
The technology landscape is advancing at an unprecedented pace, bringing forth multifaceted challenges such as data privacy, cybersecurity, and the regulation of AI and blockchain technologies. Emerging concerns, including cross-border data transfers, digital copyright infringement, and the intricacies of smart contracts, highlight the growing complexity in legal documentation and compliance. Over the next 5-10 years, these issues will necessitate the formulation of robust policies, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and multi-jurisdictional frameworks to address the regulatory gaps many are still grappling with today.
Irrespective of the nature of a business—be it a sole proprietorship or a publicly listed company—or whether one is an individual or an entity, technology is profoundly impacting and will continue to reshape every sphere of life and profession. This digital transformation spares no domain, making it imperative for everyone to adapt to the rapid pace of change. As lawyers and policy influencers, we bear a greater responsibility to engage with technology, society, and industry in a way that ensures the outcomes of this technological advent are beneficial to all, rather than resulting in exploitation. It is our duty to ensure that the legal frameworks and policies we shape foster innovation while safeguarding against undue risks and inequities, creating a more equitable and sustainable future for all.
The legal profession itself is undergoing a transformative shift, especially post-COVID, where technological fluency has become indispensable. The era of delegating technological tasks solely to juniors is long past—modern lawyers must actively skill up to adapt to this digital transgression. As legal practitioners, agility, foresight, and a proactive approach will be essential to effectively navigate this evolving landscape and remain relevant in the globalized legal domain.
What advice would you offer to the younger generation aspiring to succeed in the field of Corporate Law, given your extensive experience?
For freshers starting their careers in law, my advice is simple: first, build a strong foundation by mastering the basics of law, whether in corporate or litigation. A solid understanding of legal principles will set the stage for your career. Stay curious and proactive about learning, especially in emerging fields like technology, cross-border transactions, and regulatory developments. Equally important is building relationships—networking with clients and colleagues will play a big role in your growth, as trust and communication are key to success.
For mid-level lawyers, it’s time to focus on deepening your expertise in a specific area and honing your skills. Whether it’s corporate law, litigation, or a niche practice, developing specialization will help you stand out and become a trusted advisor. Be proactive in managing client relationships, taking ownership of complex cases, and looking for new business opportunities. In addition, focus on improving your efficiency—balancing technical knowledge with client-focused, practical solutions will be crucial as you progress in your career. Ultimately, whether you’re a fresher or mid-level lawyer, success comes from a combination of knowledge, integrity, and a client-first approach.
With over a decade of experience in various areas of the law, looking back, was law a planned career path for you and what inspired you to specialize in Private Equity, Venture Capital, Corporate & Commercial Practices?
As I am a first-generation lawyer, law was definitely not a planned career path for me. However, at the same time, it did not just happen to me by chance. I remember being very excited seeing the brochure of NUJS for the first time when my father brought it over as something that I could also apply for, alongside preparing for other competitive exams. As I started getting deeper into the preparations for the NUJS entrance examination, I really felt like this was something that I had to pursue, and I really wanted to get through. One may say, it was a bit of a calling, that I was not fully prepared for at the beginning. But then once I got through NUJS, there was no looking back.
When I started working in the PE/VC space, startups were still not a recognized, well-defined concept back then, and I remember feeling this hunger to learn more and gather more knowledge. I was learning and growing at an exponential pace and felt pure joy, every day at work. I got exposed to amazing opportunities in terms of being part of deals that were getting reported and working very closely with brilliant founders. I learnt so much from each and every one of them, and I still do, while handholding them through various fund raises. That, for me, has been the biggest inspiration.
Your career spans a variety of leadership and managerial roles. How have these experiences influenced your approach to legal practice, and what key lessons continue to guide you today?
My unique career trajectory, from being an in-house counsel in a public sector undertaking to joining and soaring to senior positions in law firms and then finally taking the plunge to start my own practice, is reflective of my life philosophy of never settling, even when the cost is high. This journey has also helped me to focus more on being an enabling problem-solver rather than a naysayer, which has shaped how I interact with my clients and try and make doing business easy for them.
Discipline and impeccable work ethics have always been my guiding angels. However, with age and experience, I have also learnt the importance of building and retaining a strong team. As an entrepreneur now, there have been times, when I have had to step away and let my team run the show and they have never let me down. Ultimately, a leader is always a combination of the strengths and weaknesses of each team member. Hence, I spend a lot of my time and focus in mentoring my team members and making them a part of the growth journey of Nilaya Legal, so that everyone has a sense of belonging and ownership.
Having worked with a range of legal entities in different capacities, what inspired you to establish Nilaya Legal, and what were some of the early challenges you encountered when starting your own practice?
Right from the beginning, as I started working closely with early-stage companies and founders, I knew that I had this entrepreneurial bug in me, which helped me build strong foundational relationships with many clients. I am proud to call many of them friends today and some of them really played a crucial role in inspiring, mentoring and influencing me to take the plunge. There has always been a gap between business understanding and practical, workable legal advice, which my clients feel that I can bridge with ease. That gave me the confidence to start a practice with a vision to build a long-stop platform for all commercial-legal needs.
Since it was just post Covid, finding the right people to start with and building a team was one of the biggest challenges. And then, of course, finding the right mentors was also very crucial. Because when you start on your own, you no longer have senior partners to guide you and rectify your mistakes. So, I had to think really hard about building my own personalized accountability mechanism, which I rely on very strongly.
You’ve worked with many startups at various stages of growth. What are the most common legal pitfalls or challenges you see young companies encounter, and how can they mitigate those risks early on?
Co-founder relationships and early-stage compliances are the two most critical aspects where companies need to tread very carefully. Co-founder relationships can make or break businesses, so it is super important for founders who come together to build something to have the same aligned visions and goals. Early conversations around a founders’ agreement go a long way in pre-empting a lot of the challenges that co-founders face, be it in terms of commitment to the company, building value on a long-term basis or even individual roles and responsibilities.
Business structuring and maintaining a basic regulatory checklist for compliance also become very important for avoiding later penalties and costs.
You specialize in intellectual property (IP) law within the tech and media sectors. How do you guide your clients in protecting their IP, especially in industries where innovations happen rapidly?
With new technologies, like we are seeing with AI now, one of the most crucial strategies for IP protection is to move fast. Having said that, law is always playing catch up with innovation, and that’s why we see regulators like RBI and SEBI enabling sandboxing.
With the demands of running a corporate law practice, how do you manage to balance your professional responsibilities with personal time and well-being?
Planning and prioritizing is the key. I also believe that one needs to take care of one’s mind and soul to be able to bring the best self at work. Therefore, I give a lot of importance to journalling, meditating and self-analysing. Those are the aspects that keep me grounded and help me plan my next steps.
What advice would you offer to young lawyers or entrepreneurs who are interested in working in the intersection of law, technology, and venture capital?
First and foremost, do this only if you love what you do. The journey of entrepreneurship can be very lonely and scary at times and the only thing that has helped me to deal with those moments is knowing that I love what I do and I will not settle for anything lesser than providing my 100% to my clients, every day. This is also a very demanding field where one needs to constantly be updated and aware of the plethora of changes that take place continuously. Being updated and knowledgeable about your field of work is the only way to be relevant. So do your research, do your homework, and most important of all, never take anything for granted.
With over 25 years of experience across various domains, looking back, what made you initially pursue a career in law and Company Secretaryship subsequently? Could you share some advice for young students who are pursuing multiple qualifications?
My journey into law was inspired by a passion for understanding the complexities of legal systems and their pivotal role in shaping societies. Early on, I recognized the importance of a strong legal foundation in effectively navigating intricate legal and regulatory frameworks. Adding Company Secretaryship to my qualifications was a strategic decision to complement my legal acumen with a deep understanding of corporate governance and compliance. Together, these qualifications provided a holistic skill set to thrive in the corporate legal landscape with confidence.
For young students pursuing multiple qualifications, my advice is to concentrate on creating synergy between their chosen fields. Prioritizing effective time management, maintaining focus, and aligning their learning path with long-term career aspirations are essential. These efforts not only offer a competitive edge but also help cultivate versatile and comprehensive skill sets.
What was unique about the teaching pedagogy of Queen Mary University of London that piqued your interest instead of going with other universities offering similar courses?
Queen Mary University of London stood out due to its rigorous academic environment combined with the institution’s global perspective. Its focus on corporate and commercial law aligned perfectly with my career aspirations. Additionally, the access to renowned faculty and diverse peer interactions enriched my learning experience. India also follows the common law tradition, and hence learning was seamless. The curriculum encouraged critical thinking, problem-solving, and an interdisciplinary approach, all of which have been instrumental in my professional journey.
In your inspiring journey, you have worked as the Legal and Corporate Advisory head of various big companies. What, in your experience, is the future of technology in the field of contract management, compliance, and Data Protection with regards to the changes brought by the DPDP Act?
Technology is reshaping the legal landscape in diverse areas including contract management, compliance, and data protection. Tools like CLM software, compliance management platforms leveraging AI and machine learning could streamline processes, improve accuracy, and mitigate risks. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act emphasizes the need for robust data governance frameworks, and the software tools can significantly enhance capabilities in data privacy, incident response, and compliance monitoring.
Moving forward, the integration of AI, machine learning, blockchain for smart contracts, and enhanced data security protocols will redefine standards in these fields. Legal professionals must embrace these advancements to remain agile and add strategic value.
Heading a law firm specializing in corporate, commercial, securities, finance, and real estate laws and providing strategic counsel to various national and multinational corporations must be a demanding task. What are some of the strategies that you employ to achieve desirable results for your clients?
Delivering optimal results requires a blend of strategic thinking, meticulous preparation, and proactive client engagement. Key strategies include:
Understanding the unique objectives and challenges of each client to craft relevant strategies.
Engaging multidisciplinary teams to provide holistic advice that addresses both legal and business needs.
Focusing on providing solutions rather than being held up at problems.
Staying updated on legal developments and industry trends to anticipate potential challenges and opportunities.
Your expertise extends across diverse sectors, and you have headed various legal and corporate advisory teams over the years. How do you ensure a collaborative and supportive environment within your team?
Fostering a collaborative and supportive environment within a team begins with building trust and ensuring open communication. Setting a clear vision coupled with empowerment of the team plays a crucial role by encouraging team members to take ownership of their responsibilities while providing the necessary guidance and mentorship. A supportive environment thrives on mutual respect and a shared commitment to excellence, ensuring that every member contributes to the overall success.
You must have a fast-paced work schedule as the General Counsel & Company Secretary to Manipal Health Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. How do you manage a work-life balance with a demanding career?
Work-life balance in a demanding career involves setting clear boundaries and prioritizing responsibilities. Time management plays a crucial role, with specific time slots allocated for both professional and personal commitments. Delegation is equally important, as trusting the team to manage responsibilities while maintaining oversight ensures efficiency. Achieving a sustainable balance is an ongoing process that requires adaptability and a conscious effort to stay grounded.
Given your diverse experience, what advice would you give to the young law students who aspire to be successful in the field of corporate governance?
Success in corporate governance demands a combination of technical expertise, ethical integrity, and strategic thinking. My advice to young law students:
Focus on mastering core legal and regulatory principles.
Keep abreast of emerging trends, such as ESG and digital transformation.
Cultivate leadership, communication, and negotiation abilities.
Learn from experienced professionals who can guide your career trajectory.
What has been the most challenging engagement that you have come across in your career in the healthcare sector, and how did you accomplish it?
The most challenging engagement in the healthcare sector was overseeing the acquisition of Columbia Asia Hospitals, particularly during the challenging period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This required conducting thorough due diligence to identify potential risks, navigating negotiation of complex contracts, addressing regulatory compliance across jurisdictions, and ensuring a seamless post-acquisition integration. Effective collaboration with cross-functional teams was crucial to overcoming the obstacles underscoring the importance of adaptability and strategic foresight in executing high-stakes transactions.
In your entrepreneurial venture, you led a boutique law firm specializing in corporate, commercial, securities, finance, and real estate laws. What were the key experiences that made you switch to starting your own practice and then again to working with Manipal Health Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.?
Starting my own practice was driven by a desire for professional independence and the opportunity to build a client-centric firm. It allowed me to explore diverse industries, deepen my expertise, and develop strong client relationships. Transitioning to Manipal Health Enterprises was motivated by the scale and impact of the role. It presented an opportunity to work on transformative projects, such as large-scale acquisitions. This journey underscores the importance of aligning career decisions with both professional aspirations and personal values.
You completed your B. Com (Hons.) degree in 2002. How did your background in commerce shape your decision to pursue a career in law?
Ah, actually I never dreamt or thought to become an advocate and did my graduation in Commerce to become a Chartered Accountant. Somehow, when I was about to start my studies for CA Exams, I was advised by my Uncle who is a CA himself to choose law as a career. He was of the view that an Advocate has the capability to represent the Client for fervently. I had a passion for justice as I belong to a sub-rural area of Uttar Pradesh and during my schooling days and so of college days, I had seen many such instances of injustice. I will say thanks to almighty to allow me to do graduation in Commerce as the skills and understanding of financial systems and economic principles, which I developed while pursuing my B. Com (Hons.) degree, later proved to be crucial in handling intricate income tax and benami matters. My choice of studying law was certainly not my choice, however, since after completion of my studies of law, pursuing the practice of law was/is not just a career choice for me and in fact, it is a commitment to contribute towards building a fairer society.
After enrolling as an advocate with the Bar Council of Delhi in 2006, how did your early career experiences help you navigate the challenges of becoming a prominent legal professional?
My early years in practice were like stepping into a rigorous legal boot camp.My senior was a very humble person and he always allowed me to appear in Courts and during my 4 and half year stint as an associate in his office, I got the opportunity to travel throughout the Country and had appearance in almost more than half of the High Courts of Country. I had the benefit of doing arbitration, civil and services including Telecom dispute cases. Every brief, every court appearance sharpened my skills. I remember juggling diverse matters, from criminal matters to intricate civil matters. This exposure taught me resilience and the art of crafting compelling arguments. More importantly, it imbibed a sense of humility and the understanding that every case, no matter how small, deserves meticulous attention.
As a Special Public Prosecutor for the Income Tax Department under the Income Tax & Black Money Act, what has been your experience handling cases in this role?
Representing the Income Tax Department has been both challenging and fulfilling. Each case is a battle against financial complexities and ingenious tax evasions. I have been entrusted with the task of prosecuting several high profile cases like Gautam Khaitan, Sanjay Bhandari etc. I have the privilege to be appointed as Special Counsel by the Ministry of Finance to represent prosecution matters at Bhopal as well. So, what I learnt is that, the Officers who are the work force behind these prosecution matters, meticulously examine their cases which is generally the result of hard work and patience. The role of Public Prosecutor does not remain stringent to the documents provided but also to personally examine the merits/demerits and properly opine. Being the SPP, I had the occasion to provide several key opinions which were very well appreciated and the same carried satisfaction in terms of intellectual well being.
As a lawyer with almost two decades of experience, what personal values and principles have guided you throughout your career, and how do you continue to motivate yourself amidst challenging cases?
Integrity and diligence are my north stars. The legal profession demands not just brilliance but a deep sense of responsibility. I’ve always believed that a lawyer’s word should carry as much weight as a legal document. Motivation, for me, comes from the pursuit of justice, knowing that my efforts can shape lives, industries, and sometimes even policies.
As an Arbitrator with the Delhi International Arbitration Centre (DIAC), how do you approach the arbitration process? Could you also share any particularly challenging arbitration cases you have handled and your key findings in that case?
Arbitration is about adjudication of disputes while keeping in mind the sound principles of law, public policy with efficiency. My approach is to foster collaboration while adhering strictly to legal principles. One challenging case related to arbitration is still pending before the Hon’ble Division Bench of High Court of Delhi, however, upto limited extent, i can elaborate by pointing out that the biggest challenge to arbitration is larger time being taken at the stage of objection u/s 34 & further appeal u/s 37 of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act.
Given the demanding nature of your practice and responsibilities, how do you unwind and balance your personal commitments alongside your professional obligations?
Balance is key, though it often feels like an art rather than a science. I find solace in reading, both legal and non-legal literature, and spending quality time with family. Occasionally, a quiet walk or a weekend getaway helps reset my mind, allowing me to return to work with renewed vigor. I love to travel.
How does your law firm KSLO foster an environment of collaboration and continuous learning within the firm to maintain its standing as a multi-disciplinary legal expert?
KSLO thrives on a culture of mentorship and innovation. I always wanted to develop a law firm which would provide easy solutions to its clients and assistance seekers. We actively encourage our team to engage in cross-disciplinary training and discussions. Every team member is both a student and a teacher, sharing insights from diverse cases. This collaborative approach ensures that we stay at the forefront of legal expertise. I am planning to expand more by having offices in different cities of our country.
As a first-generation lawyer, what advice would you give to young law students and aspiring lawyers who wish to excel in the field of litigation and public law?
My advice? Embrace the grind litigation brings in your life. Litigation is a marathon and not a sprint. Don’t forget success comes to those who combine patience with persistence. Never stop learning as laws evolve, and so must you. Most importantly, stay grounded as your integrity and reputation will be your strongest assets in this profession. Last but not the least, stay for a firm time with one good senior who can guide you in the profession.
With over 13 years of extensive legal experience as an Advocate and over 6 years as an Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court of India, what inspired you to choose law as your career path?
The inspiration to pursue law came from multiple sources. My mother is a significant influence— she joined the legal profession at the age of 45, once my elder brother had joined the Army, my elder sister was in college pursuing medicine, and I was transitioning from Class 10 to 11. Her resilience and passion greatly inspired me. Growing up, I was also deeply interested in reading newspapers and absorbing information. This habit nurtured my analytical thinking and my drive to stay informed, traits that have greatly helped me in my legal career; I became fascinated by the stories of lawyers and how their work shaped society. The idea that lawyers could make such a difference, combined with the intellectual challenge and professional independence aligned perfectly with my aspirations and personality, making law the ideal career choice for me.
What motivated you to start your own practice after completing your law degree, and what were some of the initial challenges you encountered while setting up?
Once you choose to become a practicing lawyer, the natural progression is to set up an independent practice. The real challenge, however, is deciding when to take that step. For me, the motivation was always there—it was a matter of timing. I started as a chamber junior, gradually assisting other lawyers on case-to-case basis, and eventually became an Advocate-on-Record in 2018, which marked my readiness to embrace independent practice. Every stage before that was preparation, building the skills and confidence needed to take the plunge.
A key factor in making the transition successful is cultivating strong professional relationships. In our profession, seniors often move on to more complex and high-value cases as they gain experience, leaving opportunities for younger lawyers to handle the work they previously did. If you maintain positive relationships and avoid burning bridges, seniors are more likely to trust you with cases or clients they can no longer manage, providing you with both work and credibility.
The challenges of independent practice are significant. Financial uncertainty, ensuring timely client payments, and retaining clients require tact and effort. Additionally, during slow periods, staying productive is crucial. These moments should not feel like “off days.” Instead, they are opportunities to improve skills, network, and prepare for future cases. Success in independent practice requires resilience, adaptability, and consistent effort to navigate uncertainties and grow.
Given your diverse legal practice, could you share a particularly challenging constitutional law case you have argued before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India? What strategies did you use in preparing for the case?
One of the most challenging constitutional law cases I argued before the Hon’ble Supreme Court involved the arbitrary exercise of legislative and executive powers in notifying sporting events as “Events of National Importance” under the Sports Broadcasting Signals (Mandatory Sharing with Prasar Bharti) Act, 2007. The case raised critical questions about the violation of Article 14 of the Constitution, focusing on the lack of objective criteria for determining such events, which led to inconsistencies and arbitrariness in notifications.
The case attracted significant attention as it directly impacted the sports broadcasting industry, threatening the revenue models of major broadcasters who relied on exclusive rights. During the admission hearing, the courtroom saw intense arguments from several senior advocates representing the broadcasters, emphasizing how arbitrary classifications undermined their profitability and autonomy.
Our challenge focused on the absence of transparent guidelines, arguing that such notifications disregarded constitutional principles of equality and fairness. Drawing comparisons with global best practices, such as the “anti-siphoning lists” in Australia and “listed events” in the UK, we highlighted how these systems balanced public access with commercial interests.
Preparation of the case, required multi-faceted approach to address its complexity and ensure a robust argument. This began with in-depth legal research, focusing on judicial precedents related to Article 14, comparative analysis of global practices, including the “anti-siphoning lists” in Australia and “listed events” in the UK, to highlight the lack of transparency and objectivity in the Indian framework. A meticulous review of the notifications issued under the Act revealed inconsistencies, demonstrating how events of significant public interest were excluded while less important ones were arbitrarily included. Collaborative brainstorming with colleagues helped refine arguments and anticipate counterpoints, especially given the presence of senior advocates representing major broadcasters. Mock arguments further ensured clarity and precision in presenting key submissions. The strategy also involved framing the issue as one that extended beyond commercial concerns, emphasizing the public interest in accessing culturally significant events.
Can you share some impactful experiences from the “Lawyers on Borders” project that demonstrate the critical role of legal support for soldiers and their families?
The “Lawyers on Borders” initiative, launched by the KhushHal Bharat Public Charitable Trust in collaboration with VanGuard Legal, addresses the legal challenges faced by serving and retired Indian Armed Forces personnel and their families. Since November 2023, it has provided free legal consultancy, litigation support, and educational resources to over 50 soldiers and their families, covering civil, criminal, service, and consumer matters. Leveraging its extensive network and technology, VanGuard Legal operates a dedicated helpline, offers pro bono advisory services, and provides litigation support on a needs basis at most reasonable fees. Regular updates are shared via helplines, emails, Google Meet, and WhatsApp, ensuring convenience and accessibility even for soldiers in remote areas. This initiative embodies a commitment to safeguarding the rights and dignity of those who serve the nation, delivering legal solutions with the professionalism of a top-tier law firm.
How do you manage the dual responsibilities of being an Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court and leading VanGuard Legal? What challenges do you face in balancing both roles effectively?
Managing the dual responsibilities is undoubtedly demanding, but it is also deeply fulfilling. It requires careful planning, thoughtful delegation, and a sharp focus on priorities. I ensure my court work and client commitments are well-structured, allowing me to give focused attention to both roles. At VanGuard Legal, I am fortunate to have a dedicated and capable team that manages day-to-day operations, while I oversee strategic decisions and maintain the quality of our services. To ensure efficiency, my chamber and the firm operate as separate entities from distinct physical spaces.
Balancing time and energy can be challenging, particularly during peak litigation periods or when handling complex cases. However, open communication with and within the team and leveraging technology have been crucial in streamlining processes and ensuring that both roles align seamlessly. What inspires me the most is the work we are doing at VanGuard Legal, especially through the Lawyers on Borders project. It is more than just legal work—it feels like a way to repay our debt to the country and give back to those who serve us selflessly. This sense of purpose keeps me motivated and committed to making a meaningful impact.
How has your experience as an Advocate on Record at the Supreme Court contributed to the growth of your professional practice, and how do you keep yourself updated on the latest trends in the legal field?
It has profoundly enhanced my professional practice, allowing me to deepen my understanding of complex legal issues while honing my skills in drafting, advocacy, and strategy. It has also pushed me to develop my intellectual and cognitive faculties, sharpening my ability to analyze and address intricate cases. Representing a diverse range of clients at the highest judicial forum has strengthened my confidence, broadened my professional network across the country, and exposed me to the multifaceted challenges of the legal profession.
Beyond professional growth, this journey has enriched me personally. Becoming an AOR brought with it the honor of representing my peers as an elected member of the Supreme Court Advocates on Record Association—a responsibility I hold close to my heart. Securing the runner-up position in the first Hackathon organized by the Hon’ble Supreme Court was another milestone that reinforced my belief in innovation and teamwork.
Reflecting on this journey, from a small-town upbringing to standing before the Supreme Court, fills me with both immense satisfaction and a renewed sense of resolve.
To stay updated on the latest trends in the legal field, I make it a point to actively follow landmark judgments, legislative developments, and esteemed legal publications. Engaging in discussions with peers and participating in seminars, lectures and other programmes organised by SCAORA, SCBA and other platforms allows me to exchange ideas and gain fresh perspectives. I also rely on technology to access global legal resources, which keeps me informed and well-prepared for the evolving challenges of the profession.
In my free time, I enjoy exploring emerging tools like GPTs and similar platforms, where I engage in debates, discussions, and predictive analyses of legal and broader issues. While no one can predict the future with certainty, these interactions offer fascinating insights into the potential directions the profession might take. It excites me to imagine how legal practice could evolve and to prepare myself for those changes. At the same time, this exploration serves as a refreshing intellectual exercise, keeping me curious and forward-looking.
As a mentor to younger lawyers and law students, what advice do you offer to those aiming to build a successful career in litigation and corporate practice?
Start by mastering the fundamentals of law, developing strong drafting and research skills, and gaining hands-on experience through internships in diverse areas. Ideally, start from the Trial Courts moving up to Higher Courts. Work under experienced mentors who can guide you and help refine your skills while navigating the challenges of the profession. Communication and interpersonal skills are critical—both for courtroom advocacy and collaborative corporate work. Stay updated on legal developments, leverage technology to enhance your efficiency, and actively network with seniors and peers to create opportunities rather than waiting for them to come to you. Success, especially in our profession takes time, so be patient, persistent, and disciplined. Treat each day as a new opportunity—finish what you start, avoid procrastination, and tackle challenges with calm determination. Take pride in your profession, remain mentally agile under pressure, and continuously train yourself to be a powerhouse of knowledge and eloquence. Always maintain humility in your interactions, even as you take confidence in your growing abilities. This is a lifelong learning process—embrace it with passion, adaptability, and integrity, as your reputation and commitment to excellence will ultimately define your success.
How do you manage the demands of being an Advocate on Record and leading your firm, while also maintaining balance with your personal obligations?
We all operate within the same 24-hour framework, balancing the demands of personal and professional life. However, how effectively we use these hours determines our success and well-being. These days, many people adopt irregular routines, staying up late and following inconsistent sleep schedules. While a number of conversations these days often emphasize flexibility in choosing one’s schedule, the reality is that our profession demands a disciplined and structured approach to time management.
While it is essential to identify your own personal rhythm—understanding when you are most productive and at your best, however, a time-tested approach for our field is adhering to the principle of “early to bed and early to rise.” This routine not only ensures physical health but also sharpens mental clarity and focus, both of which are non-negotiable for success in the legal profession. Good health and wisdom form the bedrock of this career, and financial success inevitably follows when these two are in place. In a demanding profession like ours, maintaining discipline in your daily routine is not just advisable—it is essential for sustaining long-term excellence and balance.
One essential quality every lawyer should cultivate is the ability to switch between their professional and personal modes, even more so when family members or close friends are also part of the legal profession, such as in husband-wife, parent-child, or sibling relationships. While it is natural for discussions about law to spill over into personal spaces, it is equally important to consciously step out of your “lawyer mode” when you are with your family and friends.
Learning to disconnect from the professional mindset allows you to nurture your personal relationships, which are your greatest sources of strength, comfort, and happiness. Your loved ones offer the emotional balance and support needed to thrive in a demanding profession. By creating boundaries between your professional and personal life, you ensure that your personal relationships remain fulfilling and unaffected by the pressures of work, ultimately contributing to both your mental well-being and professional success.
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